T.BASICS
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): T.BASICS
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 6.1K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:05:25
APPEARS ON: 2 disk(s)
FILE HASH
05689f2a6a1313c9acb6f09030eb5ef60a78dfead7bef40f9b36e04599a9fadd
FOUND ON DISKS (2 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 66 S 1 | T.BASICS | PRG | Xii | 21 | 0 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
| LOADSTAR 66 S 1 | T.BASICS | PRG | Sailor, Ganheden | 21 | 0 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 00 80 5E 55 3A 5A 45 52 4F 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C6 |..^U:ZERO. .| 00000010: 20 C1 20 CE 20 C3 20 D9 20 20 20 C6 20 CF 20 D2 | . . . . . . .| 00000020: 20 CD 20 D5 20 CC 20 C1 20 D3 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 | . . . . ... | 00000030: 20 20 20 20 20 42 59 20 CA 45 46 46 52 45 59 20 | BY .EFFREY | 00000040: CC 2E 20 CA 4F 4E 45 53 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C2 C1 |.. .ONES.. ..| 00000050: D3 C9 C3 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 57 4F 4E 44 45 |... CAN BE WONDE| 00000060: 52 46 55 4C 20 2D 2D 20 54 48 45 4E 0D 41 47 41 |RFUL -- THEN.AGA| 00000070: 49 4E 2C 20 49 54 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 42 4F |IN, IT CAN BE BO| 00000080: 47 47 45 44 20 44 4F 57 4E 20 42 59 0D 52 45 50 |GGED DOWN BY.REP| 00000090: 45 54 49 54 49 4F 55 53 20 4F 52 20 45 56 45 4E |ETITIOUS OR EVEN| 000000A0: 20 4E 45 45 44 4C 45 53 53 20 43 4F 44 45 2E 0D | NEEDLESS CODE..| 000000B0: D7 48 45 4E 20 C9 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 4F |.HEN . PROGRAM O| 000000C0: 52 20 45 44 49 54 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 2C |R EDIT PROGRAMS,| 000000D0: 20 49 54 27 53 0D 4D 59 20 50 4F 4C 49 43 59 20 | IT'S.MY POLICY | 000000E0: 54 4F 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 54 |TO ALLOW ..... T| 000000F0: 4F 20 48 41 4E 44 4C 45 20 41 0D 4A 4F 42 20 49 |O HANDLE A.JOB I| 00000100: 4E 20 41 53 20 46 45 57 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 |N AS FEW COMMAND| 00000110: 53 20 41 53 20 50 4F 53 53 49 42 4C 45 2E 0D CF |S AS POSSIBLE...| 00000120: 46 20 43 4F 55 52 53 45 2C 20 49 46 20 49 54 20 |F COURSE, IF IT | 00000130: 54 41 4B 45 53 20 46 49 56 45 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 |TAKES FIVE COMMA| 00000140: 4E 44 53 0D 54 4F 20 50 45 52 46 4F 52 4D 20 41 |NDS.TO PERFORM A| 00000150: 20 4A 4F 42 20 54 48 41 54 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 | JOB THAT CAN BE| 00000160: 20 44 4F 4E 45 20 49 4E 0D 4F 4E 45 20 43 4F 4D | DONE IN.ONE COM| 00000170: 4D 41 4E 44 2C 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 44 45 20 49 |MAND, THE CODE I| 00000180: 53 4E 27 54 20 56 45 52 59 0D 45 46 46 49 43 49 |SN'T VERY.EFFICI| 00000190: 45 4E 54 20 41 4E 44 20 57 41 53 54 45 53 20 53 |ENT AND WASTES S| 000001A0: 50 41 43 45 20 4F 4E 20 41 4E 0D 49 53 53 55 45 |PACE ON AN.ISSUE| 000001B0: 2E 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C3 52 55 4E 43 48 |...... .RUNCH| 000001C0: 49 4E 47 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 55 53 |ING A PROGRAM US| 000001D0: 55 41 4C 4C 59 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 0D 55 53 49 4E |UALLY MEANS.USIN| 000001E0: 47 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 46 41 53 54 45 52 20 |G EITHER FASTER | 000001F0: 4F 52 20 53 48 4F 52 54 45 52 20 43 4F 44 45 2E |OR SHORTER CODE.| 00000200: 0D CF 52 20 42 4F 54 48 2E 20 20 D5 53 49 4E 47 |..R BOTH. .SING| 00000210: 20 C6 C1 CE C3 D9 20 C6 CF D2 CD D5 CC C1 D3 20 | ..... ........ | 00000220: C9 20 43 41 4E 0D 53 4F 4D 45 54 49 4D 45 53 20 |. CAN.SOMETIMES | 00000230: 54 52 49 4D 20 41 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 20 4F 52 20 |TRIM A BLOCK OR | 00000240: 54 57 4F 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 41 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 |TWO FROM A.PROGR| 00000250: 41 4D 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D2 45 4D 45 4D 42 45 |AM... .EMEMBE| 00000260: 52 20 50 41 47 45 20 36 34 20 4F 46 20 59 4F 55 |R PAGE 64 OF YOU| 00000270: 52 0D D0 D2 CF C7 D2 C1 CD CD C5 D2 27 D3 20 D2 |R...........'. .| 00000280: C5 C6 C5 D2 C5 CE C3 C5 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 57 |........ ..... W| 00000290: 48 45 52 45 0D 54 48 45 20 41 55 54 48 4F 52 20 |HERE.THE AUTHOR | 000002A0: 53 48 4F 57 53 20 41 4E 20 45 53 4F 54 45 52 49 |SHOWS AN ESOTERI| 000002B0: 43 20 55 53 41 47 45 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 CF |C USAGE OF.THE .| 000002C0: CE 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 3F 20 20 C8 45 52 45 |. COMMAND? .ERE| 000002D0: 20 49 54 20 49 53 3A 0D 0D 20 20 CF CE 20 2D 28 | IT IS:.. .. -(| 000002E0: C1 3D 37 29 2D 32 2A 28 C1 3D 33 29 2D 33 2A 28 |.=7)-2*(.=3)-3*(| 000002F0: C1 3C 33 29 2D 34 2A 28 C1 3E 37 29 0D 20 20 C7 |.<3)-4*(.>7). .| 00000300: CF D4 CF 34 30 30 2C 39 30 30 2C 31 30 30 30 2C |...400,900,1000,| 00000310: 31 30 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 C9 20 |100.. .HEN . | 00000320: 46 49 52 53 54 20 53 41 57 20 49 54 2C 20 C9 20 |FIRST SAW IT, . | 00000330: 43 4F 55 4C 44 4E 27 54 0D 4D 41 4B 45 20 48 45 |COULDN'T.MAKE HE| 00000340: 41 44 53 20 4F 52 20 54 41 49 4C 53 20 4F 46 20 |ADS OR TAILS OF | 00000350: 49 54 2E 20 20 C9 0D 54 48 4F 55 47 48 54 3A 20 |IT. ..THOUGHT: | 00000360: 22 D7 48 59 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 41 4E 59 4F 4E |".HY WOULD ANYON| 00000370: 45 20 4D 41 4B 45 20 41 0D 4C 49 4E 45 20 53 4F |E MAKE A.LINE SO| 00000380: 20 43 4F 4D 50 4C 49 43 41 54 45 44 3F 22 20 20 | COMPLICATED?" | 00000390: CE 4F 57 20 49 54 27 53 0D 42 45 41 55 54 49 46 |.OW IT'S.BEAUTIF| 000003A0: 55 4C 20 54 4F 20 4D 45 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 |UL TO ME... .| 000003B0: 46 20 C1 3D 37 20 54 48 45 4E 20 54 48 45 20 50 |F .=7 THEN THE P| 000003C0: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 C7 CF D4 CF |ROGRAM WILL ....| 000003D0: 0D 34 30 30 2E 20 20 C9 C6 20 C1 3D 33 20 54 48 |.400. .. .=3 TH| 000003E0: 45 4E 20 49 54 20 48 49 54 53 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 |EN IT HITS LINE | 000003F0: 39 30 30 2E 0D C9 46 20 C1 3C 33 20 54 48 45 4E |900...F .<3 THEN| 00000400: 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 31 30 30 30 20 41 4E 44 20 49 | LINE 1000 AND I| 00000410: 46 20 C1 3E 37 20 4C 49 4E 45 0D 31 30 30 2E 20 |F .>7 LINE.100. | 00000420: 20 C1 4C 4C 20 54 48 4F 53 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 | .LL THOSE COMPU| 00000430: 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 0D 52 45 53 |TATIONS WILL.RES| 00000440: 55 4C 54 20 49 4E 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 31 2C |ULT IN EITHER 1,| 00000450: 20 32 2C 20 33 20 4F 52 20 34 2E 0D C5 56 45 52 | 2, 3 OR 4...VER| 00000460: 59 54 48 49 4E 47 20 49 4E 20 50 41 52 45 4E 54 |YTHING IN PARENT| 00000470: 48 45 53 45 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 53 55 4C |HESES WILL RESUL| 00000480: 54 0D 49 4E 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 30 20 4F 52 |T.IN EITHER 0 OR| 00000490: 20 2D 31 2E 20 20 D4 52 55 45 20 4F 52 20 46 41 | -1. .RUE OR FA| 000004A0: 4C 53 45 2E 0D C3 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 53 20 41 |LSE...OMPUTERS A| 000004B0: 52 45 20 47 52 45 41 54 20 41 54 20 54 52 55 45 |RE GREAT AT TRUE| 000004C0: 2F 46 41 4C 53 45 0D 54 45 53 54 53 2E 0D 0D 20 |/FALSE.TESTS... | 000004D0: 20 20 20 C9 27 56 45 20 50 52 4F 42 41 42 4C 59 | .'VE PROBABLY| 000004E0: 20 55 53 45 44 20 50 55 52 45 20 4C 4F 47 49 43 | USED PURE LOGIC| 000004F0: 20 4F 4E 0D 4F 4E 4C 59 20 31 25 20 4F 46 20 4D | ON.ONLY 1% OF M| 00000500: 59 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 20 42 55 |Y PROGRAMMING BU| 00000510: 54 20 46 52 4F 4D 0D 54 48 49 53 20 49 53 53 55 |T FROM.THIS ISSU| 00000520: 45 20 4F 4E 2C 20 C9 27 56 45 20 4F 46 46 49 43 |E ON, .'VE OFFIC| 00000530: 49 41 4C 4C 59 20 41 44 44 45 44 0D 41 20 46 45 |IALLY ADDED.A FE| 00000540: 57 20 53 54 41 4E 44 41 52 44 49 5A 45 44 20 CC |W STANDARDIZED .| 00000550: CF C7 C9 C3 C1 CC 20 C6 CF D2 CD D5 CC C1 D3 0D |...... .........| 00000560: 54 4F 20 4D 59 20 41 52 53 45 4E 41 4C 2E 20 C8 |TO MY ARSENAL. .| 00000570: 45 52 45 27 53 20 41 4E 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 |ERE'S AN EXAMPLE| 00000580: 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 4E 45 57 20 4D 41 54 48 | OF.THE NEW MATH| 00000590: 3A 0D 0D 0D 0D 31 30 20 CE 3D CE 2D 28 CE 3C CD |:....10 .=.-(.<.| 000005A0: C1 D8 29 2B 28 CE 3D CD C1 D8 29 2A CD C1 D8 3A |..)+(.=...)*...:| 000005B0: 47 4F 53 55 42 31 30 30 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 |GOSUB1000.. .| 000005C0: 48 49 53 20 49 4E 43 52 45 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 CE |HIS INCREMENTS .| 000005D0: 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 31 20 54 4F 20 35 20 41 4E 44 | FROM 1 TO 5 AND| 000005E0: 0D C7 CF D3 D5 C2 27 53 20 31 30 30 30 20 45 56 |......'S 1000 EV| 000005F0: 45 52 59 20 54 49 4D 45 20 54 48 45 20 4C 49 4E |ERY TIME THE LIN| 00000600: 45 20 49 53 0D 48 49 54 2E 20 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 |E IS.HIT. .HEN | 00000610: CD C1 D8 3D 35 2C 20 54 48 49 53 20 43 4F 44 45 |...=5, THIS CODE| 00000620: 20 57 49 4C 4C 0D 43 41 55 53 45 20 CE 20 54 4F | WILL.CAUSE . TO| 00000630: 20 42 45 20 49 4E 43 52 45 4D 45 4E 54 45 44 20 | BE INCREMENTED | 00000640: 55 4E 54 49 4C 20 CE 3D 35 2E 0D D7 48 45 4E 20 |UNTIL .=5...HEN | 00000650: CE 3D 35 2C 20 49 54 20 49 53 20 41 55 54 4F 4D |.=5, IT IS AUTOM| 00000660: 41 54 49 43 41 4C 4C 59 20 54 4F 47 47 4C 45 44 |ATICALLY TOGGLED| 00000670: 0D 42 41 43 4B 20 54 4F 20 4F 4E 45 21 20 20 CC |.BACK TO ONE! .| 00000680: 4F 4F 4B 2C 20 CD 41 21 20 20 CE 4F 20 C9 C6 27 |OOK, .A! .O ..'| 00000690: 53 21 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 |S!.. .HIS IS | 000006A0: 54 48 45 20 50 55 52 45 20 4D 41 54 48 20 56 45 |THE PURE MATH VE| 000006B0: 52 53 49 4F 4E 2E 0D C2 55 54 20 57 48 45 4E 20 |RSION...UT WHEN | 000006C0: C9 20 49 4E 53 45 52 54 45 44 20 41 20 4C 4F 47 |. INSERTED A LOG| 000006D0: 49 43 41 4C 0D 4F 50 45 52 41 54 4F 52 2C 20 54 |ICAL.OPERATOR, T| 000006E0: 48 45 20 43 4F 44 45 20 47 4F 54 20 53 48 4F 52 |HE CODE GOT SHOR| 000006F0: 54 45 52 20 41 4E 44 0D 4F 4E 4C 59 20 4D 41 44 |TER AND.ONLY MAD| 00000700: 45 20 52 45 46 45 52 45 4E 43 45 53 20 54 4F 20 |E REFERENCES TO | 00000710: CD C1 D8 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 0D 56 41 52 49 |... AND THE.VARI| 00000720: 41 42 4C 45 20 42 45 49 4E 47 20 49 4E 43 52 45 |ABLE BEING INCRE| 00000730: 4D 45 4E 54 45 44 20 41 20 4D 49 4E 49 4D 55 4D |MENTED A MINIMUM| 00000740: 0D 4F 46 20 54 49 4D 45 53 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 31 |.OF TIMES:.. 1| 00000750: 30 20 CE 3D 2D CE CF D4 CE 2A 2D 28 CE 3C CD C1 |0 .=-....*-(.<..| 00000760: D8 29 3A C7 CF D3 D5 C2 31 30 30 30 0D 0D 20 20 |.):.....1000.. | 00000770: 20 20 C2 59 20 54 48 45 20 57 41 59 2C 20 54 48 | .Y THE WAY, TH| 00000780: 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 43 4F 44 45 |E FOLLOWING CODE| 00000790: 0D 57 49 4C 4C 20 43 4F 55 4E 54 20 C4 CF D7 CE |.WILL COUNT ....| 000007A0: 20 54 4F 20 31 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 4E 20 54 | TO 1 AND THEN T| 000007B0: 4F 47 47 4C 45 0D 42 41 43 4B 20 55 50 20 54 4F |OGGLE.BACK UP TO| 000007C0: 20 CD C1 D8 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 32 30 20 CE 3D CE | ...:.. 20 .=.| 000007D0: CF D4 2D C9 D4 2B CD C1 D8 2A 28 C9 D4 3D 31 29 |..-..+...*(..=1)| 000007E0: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C8 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 54 48 |.. .ERE IS TH| 000007F0: 45 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 43 4F 4D 4D 4F 4E 20 C2 C1 |E MOST COMMON ..| 00000800: D3 C9 C3 0D 45 51 55 49 56 41 4C 45 4E 54 3A 0D |....EQUIVALENT:.| 00000810: 0D 20 20 20 31 30 20 CE 3D CE 2B 31 3A C9 C6 CE |. 10 .=.+1:...| 00000820: 3E CD C1 D8 D4 C8 C5 CE CE 3D 31 0D 20 20 20 32 |>........=1. 2| 00000830: 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 31 30 30 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 |0 .....1000.. | 00000840: 20 C9 20 43 4F 55 4C 44 4E 27 54 20 C7 CF D3 D5 | . COULDN'T ....| 00000850: C2 20 31 30 30 30 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 41 |. 1000 ON THE SA| 00000860: 4D 45 0D 4C 49 4E 45 20 42 45 43 41 55 53 45 20 |ME.LINE BECAUSE | 00000870: 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 C9 C6 2D D4 C8 C5 CE 20 43 |OF THE ..-.... C| 00000880: 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2E 0D C9 46 20 54 48 45 20 50 |OMMAND...F THE P| 00000890: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 45 52 45 20 54 4F 20 C7 |ROGRAM WERE TO .| 000008A0: CF D3 D5 C2 20 31 30 30 30 0D 57 48 49 4C 45 20 |.... 1000.WHILE | 000008B0: CE 20 57 41 53 20 47 52 45 41 54 45 52 20 54 48 |. WAS GREATER TH| 000008C0: 41 4E 20 CD C1 D8 2C 20 41 20 43 52 41 53 48 0D |AN ..., A CRASH.| 000008D0: 43 4F 55 4C 44 20 4F 43 43 55 52 20 53 49 4E 43 |COULD OCCUR SINC| 000008E0: 45 20 CE 3E CD C1 D8 20 49 53 20 4F 55 54 20 4F |E .>... IS OUT O| 000008F0: 46 20 41 0D 53 50 45 43 49 46 49 45 44 20 52 41 |F A.SPECIFIED RA| 00000900: 4E 47 45 2E 20 20 D3 4F 20 C9 20 43 4F 55 4C 44 |NGE. .O . COULD| 00000910: 4E 27 54 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 0D 31 30 30 30 20 42 |N'T ......1000 B| 00000920: 45 46 4F 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 C9 C6 2D D4 C8 C5 |EFORE THE ..-...| 00000930: CE 20 54 45 53 54 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 20 43 |. TEST... . C| 00000940: 4F 55 4C 44 4E 27 54 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 31 30 30 |OULDN'T .....100| 00000950: 30 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 54 48 45 0D 54 45 53 54 |0 AFTER THE.TEST| 00000960: 20 53 49 4E 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 C9 C6 2D D4 C8 | SINCE THE ..-..| 00000970: C5 CE 20 54 45 53 54 20 57 49 4C 4C 0D 53 57 49 |.. TEST WILL.SWI| 00000980: 54 43 48 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 43 4F 4E 54 |TCH PROGRAM CONT| 00000990: 52 4F 4C 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 4E 45 58 54 0D |ROL TO THE NEXT.| 000009A0: 4C 49 4E 45 20 49 46 20 54 48 45 20 54 45 53 54 |LINE IF THE TEST| 000009B0: 20 49 53 20 46 41 4C 53 45 2E 20 20 D3 4F 20 C9 | IS FALSE. .O .| 000009C0: 20 48 41 44 0D 54 4F 20 50 4C 41 43 45 20 54 48 | HAD.TO PLACE TH| 000009D0: 45 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 20 4F 4E 20 41 20 4C 49 4E |E ..... ON A LIN| 000009E0: 45 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 49 54 0D 57 4F 55 4C 44 |E WHERE IT.WOULD| 000009F0: 20 C1 CC D7 C1 D9 D3 20 42 45 20 45 58 45 43 55 | ...... BE EXECU| 00000A00: 54 45 44 2C 20 42 55 54 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 49 46 |TED, BUT ONLY IF| 00000A10: 0D CE 20 57 41 53 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 50 |.. WAS IN THE SP| 00000A20: 45 43 49 46 49 45 44 20 52 41 4E 47 45 2E 20 20 |ECIFIED RANGE. | 00000A30: C8 45 4E 43 45 2C 0D C9 20 48 41 44 20 54 4F 20 |.ENCE,.. HAD TO | 00000A40: 53 50 4C 49 54 20 54 48 45 20 4C 49 4E 45 2E 0D |SPLIT THE LINE..| 00000A50: 0D 20 20 20 20 C2 45 4C 49 45 56 45 20 49 54 20 |. .ELIEVE IT | 00000A60: 4F 52 20 4E 4F 54 2C 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 49 53 |OR NOT, FOR THIS| 00000A70: 0D 53 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 41 44 44 49 54 49 4F 4E |.SIMPLE ADDITION| 00000A80: 20 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C 41 2C 20 54 48 45 20 4E 4F | FORMULA, THE NO| 00000A90: 52 4D 41 4C 0D 57 41 59 20 45 44 47 45 53 20 4F |RMAL.WAY EDGES O| 00000AA0: 55 54 20 54 48 45 20 46 41 4E 43 59 20 46 4F 52 |UT THE FANCY FOR| 00000AB0: 4D 55 4C 41 20 42 59 20 41 0D 4A 49 46 46 59 20 |MULA BY A.JIFFY | 00000AC0: 4F 52 20 54 57 4F 20 42 55 54 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 |OR TWO BUT ONLY | 00000AD0: 49 4E 20 42 49 47 20 4C 4F 4F 50 53 2E 0D C1 46 |IN BIG LOOPS...F| 00000AE0: 54 45 52 20 41 42 4F 55 54 20 32 30 2C 30 30 30 |TER ABOUT 20,000| 00000AF0: 20 43 4F 4E 53 45 43 55 54 49 56 45 0D 43 4F 4D | CONSECUTIVE.COM| 00000B00: 50 55 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 4D |PUTATIONS, YOU M| 00000B10: 49 47 48 54 20 4C 4F 53 45 20 41 0D 57 48 4F 50 |IGHT LOSE A.WHOP| 00000B20: 50 49 4E 47 20 53 45 43 4F 4E 44 20 4F 52 20 54 |PING SECOND OR T| 00000B30: 57 4F 21 20 20 D3 4F 20 57 48 59 20 45 56 45 4E |WO! .O WHY EVEN| 00000B40: 0D 55 53 45 20 54 48 45 53 45 20 46 41 4E 43 59 |.USE THESE FANCY| 00000B50: 20 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C 41 53 20 2D 2D 20 49 46 20 | FORMULAS -- IF | 00000B60: 4E 4F 54 0D 46 4F 52 20 45 4E 48 41 4E 43 45 44 |NOT.FOR ENHANCED| 00000B70: 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 43 4F 4E 54 52 4F 4C 3F 0D 0D | LINE CONTROL?..| 00000B80: 20 20 20 20 C6 4F 52 20 CC CF C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 D2 | .OR ........| 00000B90: 20 31 32 38 2C 20 C9 20 48 41 44 20 54 4F 0D 52 | 128, . HAD TO.R| 00000BA0: 45 57 52 49 54 45 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D |EWRITE A PROGRAM| 00000BB0: 20 53 4F 20 54 48 41 54 20 49 54 20 57 4F 52 4B | SO THAT IT WORK| 00000BC0: 45 44 0D 4F 4E 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 41 20 34 |ED.ON EITHER A 4| 00000BD0: 30 2D 20 4F 52 20 38 30 2D 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 |0- OR 80-COLUMN | 00000BE0: 4D 4F 4E 49 54 4F 52 2E 0D D4 4F 20 44 4F 20 54 |MONITOR...O DO T| 00000BF0: 48 49 53 20 C9 20 48 41 44 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 |HIS . HAD TO USE| 00000C00: 20 46 41 4E 43 59 0D 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C 41 53 20 | FANCY.FORMULAS | 00000C10: 4F 52 20 45 4C 53 45 20 57 52 49 54 45 20 C1 CC |OR ELSE WRITE ..| 00000C20: CC 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 0D 44 49 53 |. THE SCREEN.DIS| 00000C30: 50 4C 41 59 20 43 4F 44 45 20 D4 D7 C9 C3 C5 2C |PLAY CODE .....,| 00000C40: 20 54 48 55 53 20 49 4E 43 52 45 41 53 49 4E 47 | THUS INCREASING| 00000C50: 0D 54 48 45 20 53 49 5A 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 |.THE SIZE OF THE| 00000C60: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C8 | PROGRAM... .| 00000C70: 45 52 45 27 53 20 41 4E 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 |ERE'S AN EXAMPLE| 00000C80: 20 4F 46 20 47 45 54 54 49 4E 47 0D 54 48 52 45 | OF GETTING.THRE| 00000C90: 45 20 54 48 49 4E 47 53 20 44 4F 4E 45 20 57 49 |E THINGS DONE WI| 00000CA0: 54 48 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 4F 4E 45 0D 43 4F 4D 4D |TH ONLY ONE.COMM| 00000CB0: 41 4E 44 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 D4 3D 35 20 54 48 45 |AND. .F .=5 THE| 00000CC0: 4E 20 C9 20 57 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 D4 C1 C2 20 |N . WANT TO ... | 00000CD0: 54 4F 0D 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 32 31 2E 20 20 C9 |TO.COLUMN 21. .| 00000CE0: 46 20 D4 3D 32 30 2C 20 C9 20 57 41 4E 54 20 54 |F .=20, . WANT T| 00000CF0: 4F 20 D4 C1 C2 20 54 4F 0D 33 34 2E 20 20 C9 46 |O ... TO.34. .F| 00000D00: 20 D4 20 49 53 20 C1 CE D9 D4 C8 C9 CE C7 20 45 | . IS ........ E| 00000D10: 4C 53 45 2C 20 C9 20 44 4F 4E 27 54 0D 57 41 4E |LSE, . DON'T.WAN| 00000D20: 54 20 54 4F 20 54 41 42 20 41 54 20 41 4C 4C 2E |T TO TAB AT ALL.| 00000D30: 20 20 C9 20 43 41 4E 20 48 41 4E 44 4C 45 0D 54 | . CAN HANDLE.T| 00000D40: 48 49 53 20 49 4E 20 4F 4E 45 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 |HIS IN ONE COMMA| 00000D50: 4E 44 20 49 4E 53 54 45 41 44 20 4F 46 20 54 48 |ND INSTEAD OF TH| 00000D60: 52 45 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 31 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 |REE:.. 10 .....| 00000D70: D4 C1 C2 28 2D 28 32 31 2A 28 D4 3D 35 29 2B 33 |...(-(21*(.=5)+3| 00000D80: 34 2A 28 D4 3D 32 30 29 29 29 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 |4*(.=20)))... | 00000D90: 20 CC 4F 4F 4B 53 20 43 4F 4D 50 4C 49 43 41 54 | .OOKS COMPLICAT| 00000DA0: 45 44 20 41 53 20 41 4C 4C 20 47 45 54 20 4F 55 |ED AS ALL GET OU| 00000DB0: 54 2C 0D 52 49 47 48 54 3F 20 20 C8 45 52 45 27 |T,.RIGHT? .ERE'| 00000DC0: 53 20 57 48 41 54 27 53 20 47 4F 49 4E 47 20 4F |S WHAT'S GOING O| 00000DD0: 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 54 |N:.. .F YOU T| 00000DE0: 55 52 4E 20 4F 4E 20 59 4F 55 52 20 43 4F 4D 50 |URN ON YOUR COMP| 00000DF0: 55 54 45 52 20 41 4E 44 0D 54 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D |UTER AND.TYPE:..| 00000E00: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D0 D2 C9 | ...| 00000E10: CE D4 20 C1 3D 35 0D 0D 59 4F 55 27 4C 4C 20 47 |.. .=5..YOU'LL G| 00000E20: 45 54 20 41 20 52 45 53 50 4F 4E 53 45 20 4F 46 |ET A RESPONSE OF| 00000E30: 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 53 49 4E 43 45 20 C1 0D 49 53 | ZERO SINCE ..IS| 00000E40: 20 4E 4F 54 20 45 51 55 41 4C 20 54 4F 20 35 2E | NOT EQUAL TO 5.| 00000E50: 20 20 DA 45 52 4F 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 20 C6 C1 CC | .ERO MEANS ...| 00000E60: D3 C5 2E 0D D9 4F 55 27 52 45 20 4E 4F 54 20 41 |.....OU'RE NOT A| 00000E70: 53 4B 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 |SKING THE COMPUT| 00000E80: 45 52 20 54 4F 0D 50 52 49 4E 54 20 C1 20 4F 52 |ER TO.PRINT . OR| 00000E90: 20 35 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 27 52 45 20 54 45 53 54 | 5. .OU'RE TEST| 00000EA0: 49 4E 47 20 57 48 45 54 48 45 52 0D 4F 52 20 4E |ING WHETHER.OR N| 00000EB0: 4F 54 20 C1 20 45 51 55 41 4C 53 20 35 2E 0D 0D |OT . EQUALS 5...| 00000EC0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 |..... .F YOU | 00000ED0: 54 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |TYPE:.. | 00000EE0: 20 20 20 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 C1 3D 30 0D 0D 59 | ..... .=0..Y| 00000EF0: 4F 55 27 4C 4C 20 47 45 54 20 41 20 52 45 53 50 |OU'LL GET A RESP| 00000F00: 4F 4E 53 45 20 4F 46 20 2D 31 2E 20 20 2D 31 20 |ONSE OF -1. -1 | 00000F10: 4D 45 41 4E 53 0D D4 D2 D5 C5 2E 20 20 D4 48 49 |MEANS...... .HI| 00000F20: 53 20 49 53 20 42 45 43 41 55 53 45 20 C1 20 49 |S IS BECAUSE . I| 00000F30: 53 20 54 52 55 4C 59 0D 45 51 55 41 4C 20 54 4F |S TRULY.EQUAL TO| 00000F40: 20 5A 45 52 4F 2E 20 20 C8 45 43 4B 2C 20 59 4F | ZERO. .ECK, YO| 00000F50: 55 20 4A 55 53 54 20 54 55 52 4E 45 44 0D 4F 4E |U JUST TURNED.ON| 00000F60: 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 21 0D 0D | THE COMPUTER!..| 00000F70: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D4 D2 | ..| 00000F80: D5 C5 20 20 3D 20 2D 31 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. = -1. | 00000F90: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C6 C1 CC D3 C5 20 3D 20 20 | ..... = | 00000FA0: 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 C1 3D 33 34 20 41 |0.. .F .=34 A| 00000FB0: 4E 44 20 59 4F 55 20 54 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 |ND YOU TYPE:.. | 00000FC0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D0 D2 C9 CE | ....| 00000FD0: D4 20 C1 3E 31 30 0D 0D 59 4F 55 27 4C 4C 20 47 |. .>10..YOU'LL G| 00000FE0: 45 54 20 41 20 52 45 53 50 4F 4E 53 45 20 4F 46 |ET A RESPONSE OF| 00000FF0: 20 2D 31 20 53 49 4E 43 45 0D 49 54 27 53 20 54 | -1 SINCE.IT'S T| 00001000: 52 55 45 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C1 20 52 45 41 4C |RUE... . REAL| 00001010: 4C 59 20 C9 D3 20 47 52 45 41 54 45 52 20 54 48 |LY .. GREATER TH| 00001020: 41 4E 0D 31 30 2E 20 20 C9 54 27 53 20 4E 4F 54 |AN.10. .T'S NOT| 00001030: 20 43 4F 4E 43 45 52 4E 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 20 | CONCERNED WITH | 00001040: 57 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 0D 52 45 41 4C 20 56 41 |WHAT THE.REAL VA| 00001050: 4C 55 45 20 4F 46 20 C1 20 49 53 2E 20 20 C9 54 |LUE OF . IS. .T| 00001060: 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 57 41 4E 54 53 20 54 4F 0D 4B | ONLY WANTS TO.K| 00001070: 4E 4F 57 20 49 46 20 49 54 27 53 20 47 52 45 41 |NOW IF IT'S GREA| 00001080: 54 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 31 30 20 4F 52 20 4E |TER THAN 10 OR N| 00001090: 4F 54 2E 0D CB 45 45 50 49 4E 47 20 54 48 49 53 |OT...EEPING THIS| 000010A0: 20 49 4E 20 4D 49 4E 44 2C 20 4C 45 54 27 53 20 | IN MIND, LET'S | 000010B0: 54 41 4B 45 0D 41 4E 4F 54 48 45 52 20 4C 4F 4F |TAKE.ANOTHER LOO| 000010C0: 4B 20 41 54 20 54 48 41 54 20 4C 41 53 54 20 4C |K AT THAT LAST L| 000010D0: 49 4E 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 D4 |INE:.. 10 ......| 000010E0: C1 C2 28 2D 28 32 31 2A 28 D4 3D 35 29 2B 33 34 |..(-(21*(.=5)+34| 000010F0: 2A 28 D4 3D 32 30 29 29 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 4E |*(.=20)).. .N| 00001100: 20 54 48 49 53 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 C9 27 4D 20 54 | THIS LINE .'M T| 00001110: 41 42 42 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 41 4E 59 0D 4F 46 |ABBING TO ANY.OF| 00001120: 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 53 3A 20 | THREE COLUMNS: | 00001130: 30 2C 20 32 31 2C 20 4F 52 20 33 34 2E 20 20 C9 |0, 21, OR 34. .| 00001140: 27 4D 0D 4D 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 59 49 4E 47 20 32 |'M.MULTIPLYING 2| 00001150: 31 20 54 49 4D 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 54 45 53 54 |1 TIMES THE TEST| 00001160: 20 4F 46 20 D4 3D 35 2E 0D C9 46 20 D4 20 52 45 | OF .=5...F . RE| 00001170: 41 4C 4C 59 20 44 4F 45 53 20 45 51 55 41 4C 20 |ALLY DOES EQUAL | 00001180: 35 20 54 48 45 4E 20 28 D4 3D 35 29 0D 57 49 4C |5 THEN (.=5).WIL| 00001190: 4C 20 42 45 20 41 20 2D 31 20 53 4F 3A 0D 0D 20 |L BE A -1 SO:.. | 000011A0: 20 20 20 32 31 2A 28 D4 3D 35 29 20 3D 20 32 31 | 21*(.=5) = 21| 000011B0: 2A 28 2D 31 29 20 20 3D 2D 32 31 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 |*(-1) =-21.... | 000011C0: 20 20 20 C9 46 20 D4 3D 35 20 54 48 45 4E 20 D4 | .F .=5 THEN .| 000011D0: 20 43 41 4E 27 54 20 45 51 55 41 4C 20 32 30 20 | CAN'T EQUAL 20 | 000011E0: 53 4F 0D 54 48 45 20 54 45 53 54 20 57 49 4C 4C |SO.THE TEST WILL| 000011F0: 20 42 45 20 46 41 4C 53 45 20 46 4F 52 20 32 30 | BE FALSE FOR 20| 00001200: 20 41 4E 44 0D 59 4F 55 27 4C 4C 20 47 45 54 20 | AND.YOU'LL GET | 00001210: 41 20 5A 45 52 4F 2E 20 20 D3 4F 3A 0D 0D 20 20 |A ZERO. .O:.. | 00001220: 20 20 33 34 2A 28 D4 3D 32 30 29 20 3D 20 33 34 | 34*(.=20) = 34| 00001230: 2A 28 30 29 20 20 20 20 3D 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |*(0) =0.. | 00001240: D3 4F 20 49 46 20 D4 3D 35 2C 20 48 45 52 45 27 |.O IF .=5, HERE'| 00001250: 53 20 57 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 0D 43 4F 4D 50 55 |S WHAT THE.COMPU| 00001260: 54 45 52 20 53 45 45 53 20 41 54 20 4F 4E 45 20 |TER SEES AT ONE | 00001270: 53 54 41 47 45 20 4F 46 20 49 54 53 0D 43 4F 4D |STAGE OF ITS.COM| 00001280: 50 55 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |PUTATIONS:.. | 00001290: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D4 C1 C2 28 2D 28 2D 32 31 | ...(-(-21| 000012A0: 2B 30 29 29 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 3D 20 20 20 |+0)).. = | 000012B0: 20 D4 C1 C2 28 2D 28 2D 32 31 29 29 0D 0D 20 20 | ...(-(-21)).. | 000012C0: 20 20 20 20 3D 20 20 20 20 D4 C1 C2 28 32 31 29 | = ...(21)| 000012D0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 D4 20 49 53 |..... .F . IS| 000012E0: 20 4E 4F 54 20 45 51 55 41 4C 20 54 4F 20 35 20 | NOT EQUAL TO 5 | 000012F0: 4F 52 20 32 30 20 54 48 45 4E 0D 54 48 45 20 45 |OR 20 THEN.THE E| 00001300: 4E 54 49 52 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 41 54 49 4F |NTIRE COMPUTATIO| 00001310: 4E 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 53 55 4C 54 20 49 4E |N WILL RESULT IN| 00001320: 0D 5A 45 52 4F 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 52 45 20 |.ZERO AND THERE | 00001330: 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 4E 4F 20 D4 C1 C2 3A 0D |WILL BE NO ...:.| 00001340: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D4 C1 C2 28 2D 28 32 31 |. ...(-(21| 00001350: 2A 28 30 29 2B 33 34 2A 28 30 29 29 29 0D 0D 20 |*(0)+34*(0))).. | 00001360: 20 20 20 CF 46 20 43 4F 55 52 53 45 20 59 4F 55 | .F COURSE YOU| 00001370: 20 43 41 4E 20 4D 41 54 48 45 4D 41 54 49 43 41 | CAN MATHEMATICA| 00001380: 4C 4C 59 0D 4F 46 46 53 45 54 20 46 4F 52 20 41 |LLY.OFFSET FOR A| 00001390: 20 48 49 47 48 45 52 20 44 45 46 41 55 4C 54 20 | HIGHER DEFAULT | 000013A0: D4 C1 C2 20 49 4E 0D 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 41 54 49 |... IN.COMPUTATI| 000013B0: 4F 4E 53 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 48 45 53 45 2E 20 |ONS LIKE THESE. | 000013C0: 20 C8 45 52 45 27 53 20 54 48 45 0D 53 41 4D 45 | .ERE'S THE.SAME| 000013D0: 20 D4 C1 C2 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 44 45 46 41 | ... WITH A DEFA| 000013E0: 55 4C 54 20 D4 C1 C2 20 4F 46 20 31 30 3A 0D 0D |ULT ... OF 10:..| 000013F0: 31 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 D4 C1 C2 28 31 30 2D 28 |10 ........(10-(| 00001400: 31 31 2A 28 D4 3D 35 29 2B 32 34 2A 28 D4 3D 32 |11*(.=5)+24*(.=2| 00001410: 30 29 29 29 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CE 4F 52 4D 41 4C |0))).. .ORMAL| 00001420: 4C 59 20 59 4F 55 27 44 20 50 55 54 20 D3 CF CD |LY YOU'D PUT ...| 00001430: C5 20 54 59 50 45 20 4F 46 0D 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C |. TYPE OF.FORMUL| 00001440: 41 20 57 49 54 48 49 4E 20 D4 C1 C2 28 58 29 20 |A WITHIN ...(X) | 00001450: 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 41 0D 4C 4F 4E 47 45 | .HIS IS A.LONGE| 00001460: 52 20 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C 41 20 46 4F 52 20 53 55 |R FORMULA FOR SU| 00001470: 52 45 20 2D 2D 20 42 55 54 20 49 54 0D 53 55 52 |RE -- BUT IT.SUR| 00001480: 45 20 42 45 41 54 53 20 D4 C8 D2 C5 C5 20 50 52 |E BEATS ..... PR| 00001490: 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 21 0D 0D 20 20 |OGRAM LINES!.. | 000014A0: 20 20 CE 4F 54 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 C9 20 41 4C | .OTE THAT . AL| 000014B0: 57 41 59 53 20 4D 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 59 20 54 48 |WAYS MULTIPLY TH| 000014C0: 45 0D 45 4E 54 49 52 45 20 54 45 53 54 20 42 59 |E.ENTIRE TEST BY| 000014D0: 20 2D 31 20 53 49 4E 43 45 20 C9 20 45 58 50 45 | -1 SINCE . EXPE| 000014E0: 43 54 20 41 0D 4E 45 47 41 54 49 56 45 20 41 4E |CT A.NEGATIVE AN| 000014F0: 53 57 45 52 2E 20 20 C9 54 27 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 |SWER. .T'LL BE | 00001500: 31 30 20 50 4C 55 53 0D 2D 32 31 2C 20 4F 52 20 |10 PLUS.-21, OR | 00001510: 2D 33 34 2E 20 20 CD 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 59 49 4E |-34. .ULTIPLYIN| 00001520: 47 20 42 59 20 41 0D 4E 45 47 41 54 49 56 45 20 |G BY A.NEGATIVE | 00001530: 31 20 4D 45 52 45 4C 59 20 4D 41 4B 45 53 20 54 |1 MERELY MAKES T| 00001540: 48 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 0D 50 4F 53 49 54 49 |HE NUMBER.POSITI| 00001550: 56 45 20 53 49 4E 43 45 20 D4 C1 C2 20 D2 C5 D1 |VE SINCE ... ...| 00001560: D5 C9 D2 C5 D3 20 41 0D 50 4F 53 49 54 49 56 45 |..... A.POSITIVE| 00001570: 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 43 41 | NUMBER. .OU CA| 00001580: 4E 20 55 53 45 20 C1 C2 D3 28 58 29 0D 49 46 20 |N USE ...(X).IF | 00001590: 59 4F 55 20 4C 49 4B 45 2E 20 20 C9 20 55 53 55 |YOU LIKE. . USU| 000015A0: 41 4C 4C 59 20 44 4F 4E 27 54 2E 0D CD 55 4C 54 |ALLY DON'T...ULT| 000015B0: 49 50 4C 59 49 4E 47 20 42 59 20 2D 31 20 49 53 |IPLYING BY -1 IS| 000015C0: 20 46 41 53 54 45 52 2E 20 20 D7 49 54 48 4F 55 | FASTER. .ITHOU| 000015D0: 54 0D 54 48 45 20 4F 46 46 53 45 54 20 4F 46 20 |T.THE OFFSET OF | 000015E0: 31 30 20 54 48 45 20 41 4E 53 57 45 52 20 57 4F |10 THE ANSWER WO| 000015F0: 55 4C 44 0D 48 41 56 45 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 |ULD.HAVE EITHER | 00001600: 42 45 45 4E 20 30 2C 20 2D 31 31 20 4F 52 20 2D |BEEN 0, -11 OR -| 00001610: 32 34 2E 0D CD 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 59 49 4E 47 20 |24...ULTIPLYING | 00001620: 42 59 20 2D 31 20 53 54 49 4C 4C 20 57 4F 52 4B |BY -1 STILL WORK| 00001630: 53 20 53 49 4E 43 45 0D 5A 45 52 4F 20 48 41 53 |S SINCE.ZERO HAS| 00001640: 20 4E 4F 20 53 49 47 4E 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 | NO SIGN... .| 00001650: 48 49 53 20 57 4F 52 4B 53 20 46 49 4E 45 20 46 |HIS WORKS FINE F| 00001660: 4F 52 20 4D 45 2C 20 4D 41 59 42 45 20 4E 4F 54 |OR ME, MAYBE NOT| 00001670: 0D 46 4F 52 20 4F 54 48 45 52 53 2E 20 20 C9 54 |.FOR OTHERS. .T| 00001680: 20 43 45 52 54 41 49 4E 4C 59 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 | CERTAINLY ALLOW| 00001690: 45 44 20 4D 45 0D 54 4F 20 57 52 49 54 45 20 41 |ED ME.TO WRITE A| 000016A0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 54 48 49 53 20 4D 4F | PROGRAM THIS MO| 000016B0: 4E 54 48 20 54 48 41 54 0D 57 41 53 20 54 57 4F |NTH THAT.WAS TWO| 000016C0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 20 49 4E 20 4F 4E 45 | PROGRAMS IN ONE| 000016D0: 20 2D 2D 20 57 49 54 48 4F 55 54 0D 41 4E 59 20 | -- WITHOUT.ANY | 000016E0: 45 58 54 52 41 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 4F 52 20 41 |EXTRA LINES OR A| 000016F0: 20 4C 4F 54 20 4F 46 20 C9 C6 27 53 2E 0D 0D 20 | LOT OF ..'S... | 00001700: 20 20 20 C1 53 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 53 45 | .S YOU CAN SE| 00001710: 45 2C 20 59 4F 55 52 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 |E, YOUR COMPUTER| 00001720: 20 48 41 53 0D 41 20 48 49 47 48 20 41 50 54 49 | HAS.A HIGH APTI| 00001730: 54 55 44 45 20 46 4F 52 20 54 52 55 45 2F 46 41 |TUDE FOR TRUE/FA| 00001740: 4C 53 45 20 54 45 53 54 53 2E 0D C1 4E 44 20 57 |LSE TESTS...ND W| 00001750: 49 54 48 20 54 48 49 53 20 55 4E 44 45 52 55 53 |ITH THIS UNDERUS| 00001760: 45 44 20 4C 4F 47 49 43 2C 20 59 4F 55 0D 43 41 |ED LOGIC, YOU.CA| 00001770: 4E 20 4D 41 4B 45 20 59 4F 55 52 20 43 4F 44 45 |N MAKE YOUR CODE| 00001780: 20 43 4F 4D 50 41 43 54 20 41 4E 44 0D 50 4F 57 | COMPACT AND.POW| 00001790: 45 52 46 55 4C 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4E 45 58 54 |ERFUL. .HE NEXT| 000017A0: 20 54 49 4D 45 20 59 4F 55 27 52 45 0D 50 52 4F | TIME YOU'RE.PRO| 000017B0: 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 2C 20 54 52 59 20 47 49 |GRAMMING, TRY GI| 000017C0: 56 49 4E 47 20 59 4F 55 52 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 |VING YOUR COMPUT| 000017D0: 45 52 0D 41 20 54 52 55 45 2F 46 41 4C 53 45 20 |ER.A TRUE/FALSE | 000017E0: 54 45 53 54 20 4F 52 20 54 57 4F 2E 20 20 C9 54 |TEST OR TWO. .T| 000017F0: 20 53 48 4F 55 4C 44 0D 50 41 53 53 20 57 49 54 | SHOULD.PASS WIT| 00001800: 48 20 46 4C 59 49 4E 47 20 43 4F 4C 4F 52 53 2E |H FLYING COLORS.| 00001810: 20 20 C9 54 27 53 20 54 48 4F 53 45 0D 44 41 52 | .T'S THOSE.DAR| 00001820: 4E 45 44 20 45 53 53 41 59 20 51 55 45 53 54 49 |NED ESSAY QUESTI| 00001830: 4F 4E 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 53 54 55 4D 50 20 41 |ONS THAT STUMP A| 00001840: 0D 4D 49 43 52 4F 50 52 4F 43 45 53 53 4F 52 21 |.MICROPROCESSOR!| 00001850: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 00001860: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00001870: 20 20 CA CC CA 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A 2A | .... **| 00001880: 2A 2A 20 C5 4E 44 20 CF 46 20 D4 45 58 54 20 2A |** .ND .F .EXT *| 00001890: 2A 2A 2A 0D |***. |
..^U:ZERO. F A N C Y F O R M U L A
S.. BY JEFFREY L. JONES.. BA
SIC CAN BE WONDERFUL -- THEN.AGAIN, IT C
AN BE BOGGED DOWN BY.REPETITIOUS OR EVEN
NEEDLESS CODE..WHEN I PROGRAM OR EDIT P
ROGRAMS, IT'S.MY POLICY TO ALLOW BASIC T
O HANDLE A.JOB IN AS FEW COMMANDS AS POS
SIBLE..OF COURSE, IF IT TAKES FIVE COMMA
NDS.TO PERFORM A JOB THAT CAN BE DONE IN
.ONE COMMAND, THE CODE ISN'T VERY.EFFICI
ENT AND WASTES SPACE ON AN.ISSUE......
CRUNCHING A PROGRAM USUALLY MEANS.USIN
G EITHER FASTER OR SHORTER CODE..OR BOTH
. USING FANCY FORMULAS I CAN.SOMETIMES
TRIM A BLOCK OR TWO FROM A.PROGRAM...
REMEMBER PAGE 64 OF YOUR.PROGRAMMER'S R
EFERENCE GUIDE WHERE.THE AUTHOR SHOWS AN
ESOTERIC USAGE OF.THE ON COMMAND? HERE
IT IS:.. ON -(A=7)-2*(A=3)-3*(A<3)-4*(
A>7). GOTO400,900,1000,100.. WHEN I
FIRST SAW IT, I COULDN'T.MAKE HEADS OR T
AILS OF IT. I.THOUGHT: "WHY WOULD ANYON
E MAKE A.LINE SO COMPLICATED?" NOW IT'S
.BEAUTIFUL TO ME... IF A=7 THEN THE P
ROGRAM WILL GOTO.400. IF A=3 THEN IT HI
TS LINE 900..IF A<3 THEN LINE 1000 AND I
F A>7 LINE.100. ALL THOSE COMPUTATIONS
WILL.RESULT IN EITHER 1, 2, 3 OR 4..EVER
YTHING IN PARENTHESES WILL RESULT.IN EIT
HER 0 OR -1. TRUE OR FALSE..COMPUTERS A
RE GREAT AT TRUE/FALSE.TESTS... I'VE
PROBABLY USED PURE LOGIC ON.ONLY 1% OF M
Y PROGRAMMING BUT FROM.THIS ISSUE ON, I'
VE OFFICIALLY ADDED.A FEW STANDARDIZED L
OGICAL FORMULAS.TO MY ARSENAL. HERE'S AN
EXAMPLE OF.THE NEW MATH:....10 N=N-(N<M
AX)+(N=MAX)*MAX:GOSUB1000.. THIS INCR
EMENTS N FROM 1 TO 5 AND.GOSUB'S 1000 EV
ERY TIME THE LINE IS.HIT. WHEN MAX=5, T
HIS CODE WILL.CAUSE N TO BE INCREMENTED
UNTIL N=5..WHEN N=5, IT IS AUTOMATICALLY
TOGGLED.BACK TO ONE! LOOK, MA! NO IF'
S!.. THIS IS THE PURE MATH VERSION..B
UT WHEN I INSERTED A LOGICAL.OPERATOR, T
HE CODE GOT SHORTER AND.ONLY MADE REFERE
NCES TO MAX AND THE.VARIABLE BEING INCRE
MENTED A MINIMUM.OF TIMES:.. 10 N=-NOT
N*-(N<MAX):GOSUB1000.. BY THE WAY, TH
E FOLLOWING CODE.WILL COUNT DOWN TO 1 AN
D THEN TOGGLE.BACK UP TO MAX:.. 20 N=N
OT-IT+MAX*(IT=1).. HERE IS THE MOST C
OMMON BASIC.EQUIVALENT:.. 10 N=N+1:IFN
>MAXTHENN=1. 20 GOSUB1000.. I COULD
N'T GOSUB 1000 ON THE SAME.LINE BECAUSE
OF THE IF-THEN COMMAND..IF THE PROGRAM W
ERE TO GOSUB 1000.WHILE N WAS GREATER TH
AN MAX, A CRASH.COULD OCCUR SINCE N>MAX
IS OUT OF A.SPECIFIED RANGE. SO I COULD
N'T GOSUB.1000 BEFORE THE IF-THEN TEST..
. I COULDN'T GOSUB1000 AFTER THE.TEST
SINCE THE IF-THEN TEST WILL.SWITCH PROG
RAM CONTROL TO THE NEXT.LINE IF THE TEST
IS FALSE. SO I HAD.TO PLACE THE GOSUB
ON A LINE WHERE IT.WOULD ALWAYS BE EXECU
TED, BUT ONLY IF.N WAS IN THE SPECIFIED
RANGE. HENCE,.I HAD TO SPLIT THE LINE..
. BELIEVE IT OR NOT, FOR THIS.SIMPLE
ADDITION FORMULA, THE NORMAL.WAY EDGES O
UT THE FANCY FORMULA BY A.JIFFY OR TWO B
UT ONLY IN BIG LOOPS..AFTER ABOUT 20,000
CONSECUTIVE.COMPUTATIONS, YOU MIGHT LOS
E A.WHOPPING SECOND OR TWO! SO WHY EVEN
.USE THESE FANCY FORMULAS -- IF NOT.FOR
ENHANCED LINE CONTROL?.. FOR LOADSTAR
128, I HAD TO.REWRITE A PROGRAM SO THAT
IT WORKED.ON EITHER A 40- OR 80-COLUMN
MONITOR..TO DO THIS I HAD TO USE FANCY.F
ORMULAS OR ELSE WRITE ALL THE SCREEN.DIS
PLAY CODE TWICE, THUS INCREASING.THE SIZ
E OF THE PROGRAM... HERE'S AN EXAMPLE
OF GETTING.THREE THINGS DONE WITH ONLY
ONE.COMMAND. IF T=5 THEN I WANT TO TAB
TO.COLUMN 21. IF T=20, I WANT TO TAB TO
.34. IF T IS ANYTHING ELSE, I DON'T.WAN
T TO TAB AT ALL. I CAN HANDLE.THIS IN O
NE COMMAND INSTEAD OF THREE:.. 10 PRINT
TAB(-(21*(T=5)+34*(T=20)))... LOOKS C
OMPLICATED AS ALL GET OUT,.RIGHT? HERE'
S WHAT'S GOING ON:.. IF YOU TURN ON Y
OUR COMPUTER AND.TYPE:.. PRI
NT A=5..YOU'LL GET A RESPONSE OF ZERO SI
NCE A.IS NOT EQUAL TO 5. ZERO MEANS FAL
SE..YOU'RE NOT ASKING THE COMPUTER TO.PR
INT A OR 5. YOU'RE TESTING WHETHER.OR N
OT A EQUALS 5........ IF YOU TYPE:..
PRINT A=0..YOU'LL GET A RESP
ONSE OF -1. -1 MEANS.TRUE. THIS IS BEC
AUSE A IS TRULY.EQUAL TO ZERO. HECK, YO
U JUST TURNED.ON THE COMPUTER!..
TRUE = -1. FALSE =
0.. IF A=34 AND YOU TYPE:..
PRINT A>10..YOU'LL GET A RESPONSE OF
-1 SINCE.IT'S TRUE... A REALLY IS GR
EATER THAN.10. IT'S NOT CONCERNED WITH
WHAT THE.REAL VALUE OF A IS. IT ONLY WA
NTS TO.KNOW IF IT'S GREATER THAN 10 OR N
OT..KEEPING THIS IN MIND, LET'S TAKE.ANO
THER LOOK AT THAT LAST LINE:.. 10 PRINTT
AB(-(21*(T=5)+34*(T=20)).. IN THIS LI
NE I'M TABBING TO ANY.OF THREE COLUMNS:
0, 21, OR 34. I'M.MULTIPLYING 21 TIMES
THE TEST OF T=5..IF T REALLY DOES EQUAL
5 THEN (T=5).WILL BE A -1 SO:.. 21*(T
=5) = 21*(-1) =-21.... IF T=5 THEN T
CAN'T EQUAL 20 SO.THE TEST WILL BE FALS
E FOR 20 AND.YOU'LL GET A ZERO. SO:..
34*(T=20) = 34*(0) =0.. SO IF T=
5, HERE'S WHAT THE.COMPUTER SEES AT ONE
STAGE OF ITS.COMPUTATIONS:.. T
AB(-(-21+0)).. = TAB(-(-21))..
= TAB(21)..... IF T IS NOT EQU
AL TO 5 OR 20 THEN.THE ENTIRE COMPUTATIO
N WILL RESULT IN.ZERO AND THERE WILL BE
NO TAB:.. TAB(-(21*(0)+34*(0)))..
OF COURSE YOU CAN MATHEMATICALLY.OFFS
ET FOR A HIGHER DEFAULT TAB IN.COMPUTATI
ONS LIKE THESE. HERE'S THE.SAME TAB WIT
H A DEFAULT TAB OF 10:..10 PRINTTAB(10-(
11*(T=5)+24*(T=20))).. NORMALLY YOU'D
PUT SOME TYPE OF.FORMULA WITHIN TAB(X)
THIS IS A.LONGER FORMULA FOR SURE -- BU
T IT.SURE BEATS THREE PROGRAM LINES!..
NOTE THAT I ALWAYS MULTIPLY THE.ENTIRE
TEST BY -1 SINCE I EXPECT A.NEGATIVE AN
SWER. IT'LL BE 10 PLUS.-21, OR -34. MU
LTIPLYING BY A.NEGATIVE 1 MERELY MAKES T
HE NUMBER.POSITIVE SINCE TAB REQUIRES A.
POSITIVE NUMBER. YOU CAN USE ABS(X).IF
YOU LIKE. I USUALLY DON'T..MULTIPLYING
BY -1 IS FASTER. WITHOUT.THE OFFSET OF
10 THE ANSWER WOULD.HAVE EITHER BEEN 0,
-11 OR -24..MULTIPLYING BY -1 STILL WORK
S SINCE.ZERO HAS NO SIGN... THIS WORK
S FINE FOR ME, MAYBE NOT.FOR OTHERS. IT
CERTAINLY ALLOWED ME.TO WRITE A PROGRAM
THIS MONTH THAT.WAS TWO PROGRAMS IN ONE
-- WITHOUT.ANY EXTRA LINES OR A LOT OF
IF'S... AS YOU CAN SEE, YOUR COMPUTER
HAS.A HIGH APTITUDE FOR TRUE/FALSE TEST
S..AND WITH THIS UNDERUSED LOGIC, YOU.CA
N MAKE YOUR CODE COMPACT AND.POWERFUL.
THE NEXT TIME YOU'RE.PROGRAMMING, TRY GI
VING YOUR COMPUTER.A TRUE/FALSE TEST OR
TWO. IT SHOULD.PASS WITH FLYING COLORS.
IT'S THOSE.DARNED ESSAY QUESTIONS THAT
STUMP A.MICROPROCESSOR!..
JLJ. **** END O
F TEXT ****.
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