COMPUTER ACAD.

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00006140: 20 52 49 47 48 54 53 20  52 45 53 45 52 56 45 44  | RIGHTS RESERVED|
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00006160: 41 24 B2 22 D0 52 4F 47  52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 20  |A$.".ROGRAMMING |
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000061A0: 4C 54 4F 4E 20 56 41 4E  20 44 45 52 20 D6 45 45  |LTON VAN DER .EE|
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000061C0: 4E 20 44 45 52 20 D6 45  45 4E 2C 20 CA 55 44 59  |N DER .EEN, .UDY|
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00006230: 00 3F 6A 42 27 99 22 20  20 20 20 22 3B 3A 8E 00  |.?jB'."    ";:..|
00006240: 00 00                                             |..              |

..#....  TVONTARIO SELFTEST PROGRAM.O...
.     BY PETER VAN DER VEEN         2 RE
M P.O. BOX 332 DUNDALK, ONTARIO......   
      (519)923-2239.....V$."PE0.1.1":.10
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:IL.0:IC.1:IT.20:II$."":I.0.:...IC.3.IC:
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:II$.II$.J(D(I),2):IC.1:IL.IL.1:.12.K...
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;:IC.1:IL.IL.1:II$.II$.IK$:.12.N....14..
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2.C(A$).2)A$:.......H(A$,S.2)I(A$,1)".."
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).1):.51.X.4.."..":.Q$.5);:N$.""...5..Y.
1.C(L$):A.F(J(L$,Y,1)):.A.64.N$.N$." ...
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$.""...9..:.N$:N$."":....<.IT.25:IC.1.:.
=...7)"PRESS "J("..",IC,1)"<RETURN>. TO 
CONTINUE"H(B$,26);.Y.>..IX.1.IT:.IX$:.IX
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.G..H(D$,L);:.IX.1.T...H..:.H(S$,39)G(20
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  ":LI$.".....":B$.".....":.X.1.3:LI$.LI
$.LI$:B$.B$.B$:S$.S$.S$:..J.\.D$."......
................."...C..M$(10),A1$(16),A
2$(16),A(4)...D.H$."":L$."":.C$:.C$."0".
F..(SC):.600.5.N..E(C$).1.100,300,350,40
0,500.].H..".";:A$."THE COMPUTER ACADEMY
":.35...M..H(D$,8.N.2);:.X.0.N.1:X.X.M:.
40:X.X.M...R..M$(X):.:..I.W..H(D$,22);:.
75:..7)"SELECT AND PRESS <RETURN>.......
32)"<Q> QUT..I.".......18);:MI.M:MX.N.M.
1:R$."Q":.10:.I.0.240.....F.4:.600.2....
".BYE FOR NOW..":..@....SC.I.265.Q....I.
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):.:.100                      ...^..C:.X
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X))).10).2:.Z.H.H.Z.T....:.J.....L.21.2.
C:.70:.X.1.C:..H);:.40:.A1$(A(X))"......
......L.20:.70:.75:..7)".SELECT AND PRES
S <RETURN>."......"<S> SCORE".32)"<M> ME
U..N.":..18);.....R$."MS":MI.1:MX.C:.10:
.I..1.SC.0:.200."....I..2.F.2:.600.2....
J.A(I).460.O...G.1:A$.A2$(A(I)):.E(A$).0
.A$.H(A$,2)."NO, ".J(A$,3):.455...B.A$."
NO, ".A$...G.L.21.C.2:.70:L.16:.73:.80:.
:.75:.".":.60:.C.2.Q.Q.1:.100.F.I..415..
.L.L.21.C.2:.70:L.16:.73:.G.0.470...Q...
11)"NOW YOU'VE GOT IT..":.475./.V...12)"
THAT'S RIGHT!!!.":R.R.1.M...Q.Q.1:A$.J(A
1$(A(I)),2):A$."'".G(F(A1$(A(I))).128).A
$."'"......30:.:..9)"IS THE CORRECT ANSW
ER.":.......75:.:.60:.100......50:.T$,H$
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ALSE.":.75.......7)".SELECT AND PRESS <R
ETURN>.".C...."<S> SCORE".32)"<M> MEU..N
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.10:K$."":.I..1.SC.0:.200......I..2.F.3:
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$."F".A$."YOU'RE RIGHT!!! IT'S FALSE;":.
545.Y...A$."NO, THAT'S TRUE;":.I.1.A$."N
O, THAT'S FALSE;"...!..30:.:A$.H$:.80:.:
.75:.".":.60:.100...&.."..":.30:.".":.75
:.".":.60:.100...X..F.0..SC:.200.L.]..Q.
0.F.4..".":....B..".":A$."SCORE":.35:.Q.
0.."YOU DIDN'T ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS.":.6
25.J.D..F.1..".YOU HAVE JUST COMPLETED":
."'"M$(SC.B.1)".'".~.G.P..(R.Q.100):.".Y
OU CORRECTLY ANSWERED"R"OUT OF...L.."THE
"Q"QUESTIONS YOU ATTEMPTED.":."YOUR SCOR
E:"P".%":..F.Q..F.4.75.W.V..F.1.Q.0.685.
.....P.49.655.#...."BEFORE GOING ON, TAK
E THE TIME TO REVIEW'"M$(SC.B.1)"'".V...
."IN THE 'BITS AND BYTES RESOURCE BOOK.'
":.685.D....P.74.675......"IF YOU HAD DI
FFICULTY WITH SOME"......"QUESTIONS, REV
IEW":."'"M$(SC.B.1)"'"......650......P.1
00.."WELL DONE!":.685......"EXCELLENT!".
....L.18:.70:.75:..16)".SELECT:".H....".
..<Q> QUIT       <C> CONT         <M> ME
U..N...".}.....18):K$.G(0):R$."QCM":.10:
K$."":..I.700,705,725.....L.19:.70:.237.
..A..SC.N.F.1.725...F..F.1..SC:Q.0:R.0:.
100.L.K..52:.F.2.415.U.P..505...U.SC.0:.
200......1,10,1,"GETTING STARTED".E...."
READY-MADE PROGRAMS","HOW PROGRAMS WORK"
,"STORING INFORMATION......"COMMUNICATIO
N BETWEEN COMPUTERS","COMPUTER LANGUAGES
"......"C.A.I. & GAMES","COMPUTER GRAPHI
CS.S...."COMPUTER MUSIC","COMPUTERS AT W
ORK...L..0,1.+.M..2,10,KILOBYTE,"37A KIL
OBYTE IS A UNIT OF MEMORYCONSISTING OF 1
,000 BYTES..9.N..PROGRAM,...O..BINARY CO
DE,40A BINARY CODE IS A LANGUAGE BASEDON
 NUMERIC DIGITS....P..BYTE,A BYTE IS A G
ROUP OF EIGHT BITS....Q..BIT,41A BIT IS 
ONE OF THE TWO CHARACTERS(0 OR 1) USED I
N BINARY NOTATION....R..MICROCHIP,.N.S..
KILOBYTE,"31A KILOBYTE IS A BLOCK OFAPPR
OXIMATELY 1,000 BYTES.. .T.."ENTER","40O
N MANY COMPUTERS THE <ENTER> KEYFUNCTION
S LIKE THE <RETURN> KEY....U.."LOAD",...
V.."RUN","37'RUN' IS A SYSTEM COMMAND TH
ATTELLS A COMPUTER TO EXECUTE A PROGRAM.
.G.W..3,1.1,"A@IS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS 
THAT TELLS THE COMPUTER TO DO *.A.X..SOM
ETHING.,3,3,1,2,2...Y..3,1.2,"A NUMERIC 
DIGIT THAT CAN HAVE ONLY TWO VALUES (1 O
R 0) IS CALLED *.S.Z..A BINARY DIGIT OR@
.,3,4,5,7,5...[..3,1.3,"A TINY SQUARE OF
 SILICON CONTAINING THOUSANDS OF ELECTRI
CAL *.C.\..CIRCUITS IS CALLED A@.,3,6,5,
4,6...]..3,1.4,"TO TRANSFER INFORMATION 
FROM A CASSETTE TAPE INTO THE *.I.^.."CO
MPUTER'S MEMORY, YOU WOULD TYPE IN THE W
ORD@.",3,10,9,8,9..._..4,1.5,"A SMALL CO
MPUTER ALWAYS HAS A KEYBOARD.",T.H.`..38
ALL SMALL COMPUTERS HAVE A KEYBOARDAND M
OST ALSO HAVE A DISPLAY....A..4,1.6,"ONE
 OF THE WAYS WE MEASURE THE SIZE OF A CO
MPUTER IS BY THE *...B..AMOUNT OF MEMORY
 IT HAS.,T...C.."33THE LETTER 'K' (E.G.,
 16K PET)STANDS FOR KILOBYTES OF MEMORY.
.:.D..4,1.7,"WHEN WE SAY THE COMPUTER HA
S 32K OF MEMORY, WE MEAN *.N.E.."THAT IT
 HAS 32,000 BITS OF MEMORY STORAGE.",F.D
.F.."40IT MEANS THAT A COMPUTER HAS A ME
MORYCAPACITY OF 32 KILOBYTES OR 32000 BY
TES... G..4,1.8,"ALL SMALL COMPUTERS USE
 BINARY CODE TO REPRESENT KEYBOARD *.. H
..CHARACTERS.,T.M I.."37FOR MORE INFORMA
TION SEE PAGE 7 INTHE 'BITS AND BYTES RE
SOURCE BOOK.'.. J..4,1.9,"A COMPUTER WIT
H 16K OF MEMORY CAN HOLD MUCH MORE INFOR
MATION *.. K..THAN AN AVERAGE-LENGTH BOO
K.,F.-!L.."34AS A RULE OF THUMB, ONE PRI
NTEDPAGE EQUALS BETWEEN 2K AND 5K OF MEM
ORY.".X!M..4,1.10,"A COMPUTER IS MADE UP
 OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS THAT REPRESENT *
..!N.."LOGICAL STATES: ON/OFF,OPEN/CLOSE
D.",T..!O..34EACH OF THE COMPUTER'S CIRC
UITSREPRESENTS A LOGICAL STATE...!...0,2
.."...2,8,HARDWARE,.N"...SOFTWARE,"37'SO
FTWARE' IS THE GENERAL NAMEGIVEN TO COMP
UTER PROGRAMS..."...DATABASES,36A DATABA
SE IS A COLLECTION OFRELATED FILES OF DA
TA..."..."RAM","37RAM LOSES INFORMATION 
WHEN THEPOWER IS OFF. IT'S MEMORY IS VOL
ATILE...#..."ROM","41ONLY PERMANENT PROG
RAMS ARE STORED IN ROM..1#...NANOSECONDS
,..#...MILLISECONDS,37MILLISECONDS (THOU
SANDTHS OF ASECOND) ARE TOO LARGE A MEAS
UREMENT...#...MICROSECONDS,36MICROSECOND
S (MILLIONTHS OF ASECOND) ARE TOO LARGE 
A MEASUREMENT...$O..3,2.1,"THE PHYSICAL 
PIECES THAT MAKE UP A COMPUTER ARE CALLE
D@.",3,2,1,3,1.F$P..3,2.2,"TEMPORARY PRO
GRAMS ARE STORED IN@.",2,4,5,4..$Q..3,2.
3,"BECAUSE IT DOES NOT LOSE INFORMATION 
WHEN THE POWER IS OFF,*..$R..@IS SAID TO
 HAVE NONVOLATILE MEMORY.,2,4,5,5..%S..3
,2.4,"COMPUTER TIME IS MEASURED IN@.",3,
7,6,8,6.R%...4,2.5,"BEFORE A PROGRAM CAN
 BEGIN TO RUN, ALL OF THE INSTRUCTIONS M
UST BE STORED IN THE COMPUTER'S MEMORY."
,T,34ALL OF THE INSTRUCTIONS MUST BESTOR
ED IN THE COMPUTER'S MEMORY FIRST..T&...
4,2.6,"INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO USE COMPUT
ER PROGRAMS ARE CALLED 'DOCUMENTATION.'"
,T,"37SEE PAGE 12 OF THE 'BITS AND BYTES
RESOURCE BOOK' FOR MORE INFORMATION...&.
..4,2.7,"READY-MADE PROGRAMS (EXCLUDING 
CARTRIDGES) ARE STORED IN ROM.",F,"30THE
Y ARE STORED IN RAM. SEEPAGE 13 OF 'BITS
 AND BYTES.'..'...4,2.8,"WHEN A COMPUTER
'S MEMORY SIZE IS QUOTED (E.G., 32K PET)
, THIS FIGURE USUALLY REFERS TO RAM ONLY
.",T,"19A 32K PET HAS 32KILOBYTES OF RAM
 STORAGE...(...4,2.9,"INSTRUCTIONS ON HO
W TO LOAD A PROGRAM WOULD BE STORED IN R
OM.",T,"26THEY WOULD BE STORED INPERMANE
NT MEMORY (ROM)...(...4,2.10,"INSTRUCTIO
NS ON HOW TO CALCULATE A MORTGAGE PROGRA
M WOULD BE STORED IN ROM.",F,"35REVIEW T
HE DISCUSSION OF RAM ANDROM ON PAGE 13 O
F 'BITS AND BYTES.'.D(...0,3..)...2,11,"
RAM","36RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) ISTHE
 COMPUTER'S TEMPORARY MEMORY..!)..."CPU"
,.I)..."ROM","36ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY) I
S THECOMPUTER'S PERMANENT MEMORY..Y)...D
EBUGGING,..)...SYSTEMS ANALYSIS,42'SYSTE
MS ANALYSIS'REFERS TO THE DE-SIGN OF NEW
 COMPUTER PROGRAMS OR SYSTEMS.:*...DECOD
ING,43'DECODING' IS TRANSLATING CODED CH
A-RACTERS INTO A MORE UNDERSTANDABLE FOR
M..T*..."STOP",30THIS TELLS THE COMPUTER
TO STOP THE PROGRAM...*..."INPUT",..*...
"ENTER","23<ENTER> IS USED TO SIGNIFY TH
E END OF A LINE..N*..."PRINT",.!+..."RUN
","43'RUN' IS A SYSTEM COMMAND THAT TELL
SA COMPUTER TO EXECUTE A PROGRAM...+3..3
,3.1,"THE 'CLEVER' PART OF THE COMPUTER 
(THE PART THAT ACTUALLY CARRIES OUT YOUR
 INSTRUCTIONS) IS THE@.",3,1,2,3,2..+4..
3,3.2,"CORRECTING ERRORS IN A PROGRAM IS
 KNOWN AS@.",3,6,5,4,4.I,5..3,3.3,"IN BA
SIC, THE WORD@TELLS THE COMPUTER TO WAIT
 UNTIL THE USER HAS ENTERED SOME DATA.",
3,8,7,9,8..,6..3,3.4,"IN BASIC, THE WORD
@TELLS THE COMPUTER TO GIVE SOME INFORMA
TION TO THE USER.",3,11,9,10,10.C-A..4,3
.5,"COMPUTERS ARE CAPABLE OF BOTH REPETI
TION AND DECISION MAKING.",T,"38GOTO AND
 IF ... THEN ARE REPETITIONAND DECISION 
MAKING STATEMENTS.".D-B..4,3.6,"THE CPU 
READS AND WRITES INFORMATION FROM RAM ON
LY.",F,"27THE CPU READS AND WRITESINFORM
ATION FROM BOTH RAM AND ROM..R.C..4,3.7,
"COMMANDS THAT ARE EXECUTED AS SOON AS T
HEY ARE TYPED IN ARE CALLED DIRECT COMMA
NDS.",T,39DIRECT COMMANDS ARE EXECUTED A
S SOONAS THEY ARE TYPED INTO THE COMPUTE
R....D..4,3.8,"TO EXECUTE A PROGRAM YOU 
WOULD TYPE 'LIST.'",F,"41'LIST' TELLS A 
COMPUTER TO DISPLAY THEPROGRAM ON THE SC
REEN. 'RUN' IS CORRECT.../E..4,3.9,"IN B
ASIC A COMMAND BECOMES A ONE-LINE PROGRA
M WHEN YOU TYPE A NUMBER AT THE BEGINNIN
G OF THE LINE.",T,33A COMMAND PREFACED B
Y A NUMBERIS STORED IN MEMORY AS A STATE
MENT..T0F..4,3.10,"DURING THE RUN OF A P
ROGRAM THE CPU LOOKS UP INFORMATION IN R
OM ONLY.",F,"37CPU IS DISCUSSED ON PAGES
 17-18 INTHE 'BITS AND BYTES RESOURCE BO
OK.'.]0X..0,4.U0Y..2,11,"SEQUENTIAL",.H0
Z.."DIRECT","43THERE ARE ONLY TWO TYPES 
OF STORAGE:SEQUENTIAL AND RANDOM ACCESS.
..1{.."RANDOM ACCESS",RANDOM ACCESS APPL
IES ONLY TO DISK..W1|.."INPUT","38THIS T
ELLS THE COMPUTER TO WAITUNTIL THE USER 
HAS TYPED SOMETHING IN...1}.."RUN","29TH
IS IS THE COMMAND TOSTART EXECUTION OF A
 PROGRAM...1~.."SAVE",..1..DATABASES,"3
3A DATABASE IS A COLLECTIONOF RELATED FI
LES OF DATA...1...MAINFRAMES,.P2...FORMA
TS,"34A FORMAT IS A PREDETERMINEDARRANGE
MENT OF CHARACTERS, FIELDS, ETC..^2...SE
CTORS,..2...PROGRAMS,PROGRAMS ARE SETS O
F INSTRUCTIONS...2...3,4.1,@STORAGE IS T
HE NAME GIVEN TO THE WAY IN WHICH PROGRA
MS ARE STORED ON CASSETTE.,3,2,1,3,1..3.
..3,4.2,"OF THE FOLLOWING BASIC COMMANDS
,@IS THE COMMAND THAT TELLS THE COMPUTER
 TO COPY WHAT IS IN RAM ONTO CASSETTE (O
R DISK).",3,4,5,6,6..3...3,4.3,"LARGE CO
MPUTERS ARE SOMETIMES CALLED@.",2,7,8,8.
.4...3,4.4,"THE SURFACE OF A DISK IS DIV
IDED INTO HUNDREDS OF CELLS CALLED@.",3,
9,11,10,10..4...4,4.5,"A DISK DOES NOT S
TORE AND RECALL INFORMATION SEQUENTIALLY
.",T,"42A DISK GOES DIRECTLY TO THE INFO
RMATIONIT WANTS..A5...4,4.6,"THE SIZE OF
 A DISK IS ALWAYS A GOOD INDICATION OF H
OW MUCH INFORMATION IT CAN HOLD.",F,"37A
 5 1/4 INCH DISK CAN HOLD BETWEEN60000 A
ND 1000000 BYTES OF DATA..Y5...4,4.7,"A 
DISK DIRECTORY IS SIMILAR TO A TABLE OF 
CONTENTS IN A BOOK.",T,"35LIKE A TABLE O
F CONTENTS, A DISKDIRECTORY LISTS THE CO
NTENTS OF A DISK..@6...4,4.8,"PROGRAMS A
ND DATA MAY BE STORED ON THE SAME DISK."
,T,"THEY MAY BE STORED ON THE SAME DISK.
..6...4,4.9,"ALTHOUGH A FILE CAN CONTAIN
 MANY RECORDS, A RECORD CAN HAVE ONLY ON
E FIELD.",F,"A RECORD CAN HAVE MANY FIEL
DS..H7...4,4.10,"THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF
 DATA FILE IS THE SEQUENTIAL FILE.",T,"3
2THE SEQUENTIAL FILE OR SEQ ISTHE MOST C
OMMON TYPE OF DATA FILE..Q7...0,5..7...2
,12,PARALLEL TRANSMISSION,"43WITH PARALL
EL TRANSMISSION, ALL BITSOF A CHARACTER 
ARE SENT SIMULTANEOUSLY..Z7...SERIAL TRA
NSMISSION,.88...SEQUENTIAL TRANSMISSION,
"34THERE ARE ONLY TWO TYPES OFTRANSMISSI
ON: PARALLEL AND SERIAL...8..."RS-232","
41'RS-232' IS A METHOD OF CONNECTINGCOMP
UTERS TO SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS LINES..8.
.."ASCII",..8..."Z-80","41'Z-80' IS THE 
MICROPROCESSING CHIPUSED IN SOME COMPUTE
RS. SEE PAGE 18..P9...TERMINAL EMULATOR,
33A TERMINAL EMULATOR LETS ACOMPUTER 'PR
ETEND' TO BE A TERMINAL...9...CARRIER,35
THE CARRIER IS THE WHISTLINGSOUND HEARD 
COMING FROM A MODEM...9...MODEM,..9...DI
SK-SHARING,..:...PACKET SWITCHING,39PACK
ET SWITCHING IS THE TRANSFEROF DATA USIN
G ADDRESSED PACKAGES..F:...TIME SHARING,
39THIS IS WHEN ONE DEVICE PERFORMSTWO OP
ERATIONS CONCURRENTLY...:...3,5.1,"THE T
RANSMISSION OF BITS OF CHARACTER SEQUENT
IALLY IS KNOWN AS@.",3,3,2,1,2..;...3,5.
2,"THE CHARACTER CODE USED IN MOST COMPU
TERS IS A STANDARD CODE CALLED@.",3,4,5,
6,5.Y;...3,5.3,"A@IS A DEVICE THAT ALLOW
S DATA TO BE TRANSMITTED OVER TELEPHONE 
LINES.",3,7,8,9,9..;...3,5.4,"WHEN SEVER
AL USERS SHARE A CENTRAL FLOPPY-DISK SYS
TEM, THIS IS CALLED@.",3,10,11,12,10.V<.
..4,5.5,"MOST SMALL BULLETIN BOARDS ALLO
W ONLY ONE CONNECTION AT A TIME.",T,40MO
ST SMALL BULLETIN BOARDS ALLOW ONLYONE T
ELEPHONE CONNECTION AT A TIME..#=...4,5.
6,"WHEN THREE COMPUTERS ARE HOOKED UP TO
 A SINGLE DISK DRIVE, ALL THREE USERS MU
ST RUN THE SAME PROGRAM AT THE SAME TIME
.",F,EACH USER CAN RUN A DIFFERENT PROGR
AM...=...4,5.7,"THE DEMODULATOR CONVERTS
 BINARY CODE INTO TELEPHONE TONES.",F,27
THE DEMODULATOR CONVERTSTELEPHONE TONES 
INTO BINARY CODE..^>...4,5.8,"THE DEVICE
 THAT PROVIDES AN INTERFACE BETWEEN A CO
MPUTER AND A STANDARD COMMERCIAL TELEPHO
NE LINE THROUGH A STANDARD TELEPHONE HAN
DSET IS CALLED AN ACOUSTIC COUPLER.",T..
>..."36THIS DEVICE IS CALLED AN ACOUSTIC
COUPLER. SEE PAGE 28..9?...4,5.9,"WHEN A
SYNCHRONOUS CODE IS USED, IT TAKES 10 BI
TS TO SEND AN 8-BIT CHARACTER.",T,35EACH
 8-BIT CHARACTER IS PRECEDEDAND FOLLOWED
 BY AN EXTRA BIT...?...4,5.10,"THE WORD 
'MODEM' STANDS FOR 'MODULATOR.'",F,21'MO
DEM' STANDS FOR'MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR.'.
.?@..0,6.D?A..2,10,MACHINE LANGUAGE,..@B
..ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE,38ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 
IS A MACHINE-ORIENTED LANGUAGE FOR PROGR
AMMING..I@C.."BASIC","37BASIC IS A HIGH-
LEVEL LANGUAGESIMILAR IN FORM TO ENGLISH
..X@D..COMPILER,.O@E..INTERPRETER,42AN I
NTERPRETER CONVERTS ONE COMMANDAT A TIME
 INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE..#AF.."LOGO","39L
OGO IS A COMPUTER LANGUAGE USEDEXTENSIVE
LY IN EDUCATION. TRY AGAIN...AG..LOWER-L
EVEL LANGUAGES,"39ALL THREE ARE COMPILER
-ORIENTED,BUT THEY ARE NOT LOWER-LEVEL L
ANGUAGES...AH..HIGHER-LEVEL LANGUAGES,.X
AI.."ALGOL","ALGOL DOES NOT USE A TURTLE
 MARKER..5BJ.."PASCAL","43PASCAL DOES NO
T USE A TURTLE MARKER.IT IS MAINLY USED 
TO TEACH PROGRAMMING..B_..3,6.1,"THE CO
MPUTER'S INNER INSTRUCTIONS ARE WRITTEN 
IN@.",3,2,1,3,1..B`..3,6.2,"A/AN@TRANSLA
TES PROGRAMS WRITTEN IN HIGH-LEVEL LANGU
AGES INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE IN A SINGLE O
PERATION.",2,4,5,4.ACA..3,6.3,"FORTRAN, 
BASIC, AND COBOL ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF@.",
3,7,8,6,8.~CB..3,6.4,@USES A 'TURTLE' MA
RKER ON THE SCREEN.,3,10,6,9,6.;DM..4,6.
5,"A COMPUTER WILL OPERATE MORE QUICKLY 
AND EFFICIENTLY USING A PROGRAM WRITTEN 
IN MACHINE LANGUAGE THAN IN BASIC.",T,"4
0REFER TO PAGES 32-33 OF THE 'BITS ANDBY
TES RESOURCE BOOK.'..DN..4,6.6,"A COMPIL
ED PROGRAM CANNOT BE LISTED.",T,"A COMPI
LED PROGRAM CANNOT BE LISTED..-EO..4,6.7
,"CP/M IS A MACHINE LANGUAGE THAT PERMIT
S THE EXCHANGE OF PROGRAMS BETWEEN COMPU
TERS.",F,"26CP/M IS NOT A LANGUAGE.IT IS
 AN OPERATING SYSTEM...EP..4,6.8,"A BASI
C PROGRAM THAT RUNS ON ONE MAKE OF COMPU
TER WILL USUALLY RUN ON OTHER COMPUTERS,
 EVEN THOUGH THE MACHINE LANGUAGES MAY B
E DIFFERENT.",T,"26FOR AN EXPLANATION, S
EEPAGE 33 OF 'BITS AND BYTES.'..FQ..4,6.
9,"AN INTERPRETER TRANSLATES ONE COMMAND
 AT A TIME INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE.",T,"42
INTERPRETERS AND COMPILERS ARE EXPLAIN-E
D ON PAGES 33-34 OF 'BITS AND BYTES.'..F
...0,7.EF...2,11,"AUTHORING",..G..."LIST
-PROCESSING",31REVIEW THE DEFINITION OF'
LIST-PROCESSING LANGUAGES' ON PAGE 35..R
G..."ASSEMBLY",38ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE IS A 
MACHINE-ORIENTED LANGUAGE FOR PROGRAMMIN
G..DG...LINEAR,36YOU MUST ANSWER EACH QU
ESTIONCORRECTLY BEFORE GOING ON TO THE N
EXT..TG...BRANCHING,..H..."DRILLS",29A D
RILL IS AN EXERCISERELATED TO LESSON MAT
ERIAL..*H..."SIMULATIONS",.LH..."GAMES",
33NOT ALL GAMES IMITATE REALOR IMAGINARY
 SITUATIONS..YH...PADDLE,.SH...LIGHT PEN
,43THIS LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICE LETS THEU
SER IDENTIFY OBJECTS ON THE SCREEN..1I..
.TOUCH SCREEN,43THIS ALLOWS THE USER TO 
ENTER INFOR-MATION SIMPLY BY TOUCHING TH
E SCREEN...IC..3,7.1,"@LANGUAGES, SUCH A
S PILOT, ENABLE THOSE NOT SKILLED IN COM
PUTER PROGRAMMING TO WRITE PROGRAMS.",3,
1,2,3,1..ID..3,7.2,"THIS SELFTEST IS AN 
EXAMPLE OF@PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION.",2,4,
5,5.MJE..3,7.3,@ARE PROGRAMS THAT IMITAT
E OR RECREATE REAL OR IMAGINARY SITUATIO
NS.,3,6,7,8,7..JF..3,7.4,"A@IS A CONTINU
OUS CONTROL DEVICE ANALAGOUS TO A RADIO'
S VOLUME CONTROL.",3,9,10,11,9.KKQ..4,7.
5,"ALTHOUGH A COMPUTER IS NOT ABLE TO TH
INK, IT CAN DISPLAY INTELLIGENCE.",T,34A
 COMPUTER CAN BE PROGRAMMED TOANALYZE DA
TA AND RESPOND ACCORDINGLY...LR..4,7.6,"
IN PILOT, THE COMPUTER INTERPRETS T FOLL
OWED BY A COLON TO MEAN 'PRINT SOMETHING
 ON THE SCREEN.'",T,"37'T:' IS A PILOT C
OMMAND. IN BASIC,PRINT ACCOMPLISHES THE 
SAME THING...LS..4,7.7,"THE ACRONYM CAI 
STANDS FOR COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION
.",T,"43CAI IS THE GENERAL TERM USED TO 
DESCRIBETHE USE OF COMPUTERS IN EDUCATIO
N...L...0,8..L...2,11,PIXEL,"41'PIXEL' I
S EXPLAINED ON PAGE 45 OFTHE 'BITS AND B
YTES RESOURCE BOOK.'.:M...CHARACTER,30CH
ARACTERS ARE COMPOSEDOF INDIVIDUAL PIXEL
S..|M...BIT,37A BIT IS ONE OF TWO CHARAC
TERSUSED IN BINARY NOTATION...M...GRAPHI
C,27'GRAPHIC' IS ANOTHERWORD FOR PICTURE
...M...SPRITE,..M...DISPLAY,27THIS IS AN
OTHER NAMEFOR THE COMPUTER SCREEN...N...
GRAPHICS TABLET,.WN...RASTER,35THE RASTE
R IS THE COORDINATEGRID OF THE TERMINAL 
SCREEN...N...GRAPHIC,27'GRAPHIC' IS ANOT
HERWORD FOR PICTURE...N...RESOLUTION,..N
...ANIMATION,27THE WORD 'ANIMATION'REFER
S TO MOVING GRAPHICS..DO'..3,8.1,"A@IS T
HE SMALLEST AMOUNT OF INFORMATION THAT C
AN BE SHOWN ON A COMPUTER SCREEN.",3,1,2
,3,1.IO(..3,8.2,"A@IS A PICTORIAL OBJECT
 USED IN COMPUTER ANIMATION THAT CAN BE 
DEFINED SEPARATELY FROM THE SCREEN BACKG
ROUND.",3,4,5,1,5. P)..3,8.3,"A SKETCHIN
G BOARD THAT IS CONNECTED TO A COMPUTER 
IS CALLED A@.",3,6,7,8,7..P*..3,8.4,"THE
 WORD@REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF DETAIL THA
T CAN BE SHOWN IN A COMPUTER GRAPHIC AND
 IS OFTEN DEFINED IN TERMS OF PIXELS.",3
,8,11,10,10./Q5..4,8.5,"A COMPUTER THAT 
HAS THE ABILITY TO DRAW PICTURES IS SAID
 TO HAVE GRAPHICS CAPABILITY.",T,THAT IS
 THE TERM USED..IQ6..4,8.6,"THE COORDINA
TE GRID OF A COMPUTER SCREEN IS CALLED A
 RASTER.",T,"40A CONCISE DEFINITION OF R
ASTER CAN BEFOUND ON PAGE 68 OF 'BITS AN
D BYTES.'.]R7..4,8.7,"A PRINTED VERSION 
OF WHAT IS ON THE COMPUTER SCREEN IS CAL
LED A HARD COPY.",T,28PRINTED COPIES OF 
MACHINEOUTPUT ARE CALLED HARD COPIES...S
8..4,8.8,"THE ALPHABETIC CHARACTERS THAT
 APPEAR ON THE COMPUTER SCREEN ARE MADE 
UP OF INDIVIDUAL PIXELS.",T,"33FOR EXAMP
LE, LOOK CLOSELY AT ACOMMA. IT IS MADE U
P OF THREE PIXELS...S9..4,8.9,"ALL COMPU
TERS ARE CAPABLE OF SOME TYPE OF COMPUTE
R GRAPHICS.",T,39REGULAR ALPHANUMERIC CH
ARACTERS FROMTHE KEYBOARD CAN GENERATE P
ICTURES...SL..0,9..TM..2,11,LOW-PITCHED,
43FAST VIBRATIONS=HIGH-PITCHED SOUNDS;SL
OW VIBRATIONS=LOW-PITCHED SOUNDS..$TN..H
IGH-PITCHED,.VTO..SYLLABLES,37A SYLLABLE
 MAY CONTAIN SEVERALINDIVIDUAL SOUNDS CA
LLED PHONEMES...TP..PHONEMES,..TQ..SOUND
 ENVELOPES,33'SOUND ENVELOPES' REFER TOC
OMPUTER MUSIC NOT SPEECH SYNTHESIS...TR.
.SPEECH SYNTHESIS,.9US..ELECTRONIC MUSIC
,28ELECTRONIC MUSIC DOESNOT RELY ON STOR
ED SOUND...UT..VOICE RECOGNITION,"42IN V
OICE RECOGNITION,COMPUTERS ANA-LYZE FREQ
UENCIES AND TIMING OF SPEECH...UU..WAVEF
ORM,..VV..SOUND ENVELOPE,"42'SOUND ENVEL
OPE' REFERS TO THE FOURPHASES OF A MUSIC
AL NOTE. SEE PAGE 50..XVW..PITCH,35PITCH
 DOES NOT DETERMINE THEQUALITY OF AN INS
TRUMENT'S SOUND...V...3,9.1,"IF A COMPUT
ER CAUSED A LOUDSPEAKER SIGNAL REPEATEDL
Y TO BE SWITCHED ON AND OFF VERY RAPIDLY
 THE NOTES PRODUCED WOULD BE@.",2,1,2,2.
_W...3,9.2,"COMPUTER SPEECH IS USUALLY P
RODUCED BY PROGRAMS THAT BREAK EACH WORD
 INTO INDIVIDUAL SOUNDS OR@.",3,3,4,5,4.
.W...3,9.3,"ONE IMPORTANT APPLICATION OF
 THE PRINCIPLE OF STORED SOUND IS IN@.",
3,6,7,8,6..X...3,9.4,"THE SOUND QUALITY 
OF A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT IS DETERMINED BY
 ITS@.",3,10,9,11,9..X...4,9.5,"A D/A CO
NVERTER ALLOWS A COMPUTER TO CONTROL SOU
ND VOLUME.",T,"41A D/A CONVERTER ALLOWS 
THE COMPUTER TORECREATE WAVEFORMS AND CO
NTROL VOLUME..RY...4,9.6,"COMPUTER MUSIC
 IS PRODUCED BY PROGRAMS THAT CALCULATE 
AND GENERATE A WAVEFORM.",T,"35REREAD TH
E SUMMARY ON PAGE 52 OFTHE 'BITS AND BYT
ES RESOURCE BOOK'...Y...4,9.7,"COMPUTER 
SPEECH IS PRODUCED BY PROGRAMS THAT CALC
ULATE AND GENERATE A WAVEFORM.",F,31TO P
RODUCE SPEECH A COMPUTERMUST BREAK WORDS
 INTO PHONEMES...Z...4,9.8,"AN INSTRUMEN
T THAT CREATES ELECTRONIC SOUND VIBRATIO
NS IS CALLED A SYNTHESIZER.",T,24A SYNTH
ESIZER CREATESELECTRONIC SOUND VIBRATION
S...[...4,9.9,"ATTACK, DECAY, AND SUSTAI
N ARE ALL PARTS OF AN INSTRUMENT'S WAVEF
ORM.",F,24THESE ARE PARTS OF ANINSTRUMEN
T'S SOUND ENVELOPE...[P..0,10.&[Q..2,8,A
RRAYS,.S[R..SPREAD SHEETS,30A SPREAD SHE
ET DISPLAYSINFORMATION IN ROWS AND COLUM
NS..I[S.."VISICALC","35'VISICALC IS THE 
NAME OF THEBEST-KNOWN MICROCOMPUTER SPRE
AD SHEET...[T.."PROCESS CONTROL",.=\U.."
ERGONOMICS",41'ERGONOMICS' REFERS TO THE
 WAYS INWHICH HUMANS INTERACT WITH COMPU
TERS...\V.."ANALOG",43ANALOG SIGNALS ARE
 CAPABLE OF GIVINGCONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE 
INFORMATION...\W.."DIGITAL",37DIGITAL SI
GNALS ARE CAPABLE OFGIVING ON/OFF INFORM
ATION ONLY...\X..ROBOTICS,.D]...3,10.1,"
IN THE WORLD OF COMPUTERS, TABLES OF NUM
BERS ARE CALLED@.",3,2,1,3,1. ]...3,10.2
,@REFERS TO THE USE OF COMPUTERS TO MANI
PULATE OR SENSE EXTERNAL EVENTS.,2,4,5,4
..]...3,10.3,@SIGNALS GIVE ON/OFF INFORM
ATION ONLY.,2,6,7,7.&^...3,10.4,"A LIGHT
 SWITCH IS AN EXAMPLE OF A/AN@CONTROL DE
VICE.",2,6,7,7..^...4,10.5,"ONE CAN BOTH
 READ AND WRITE INFORMATION ON A VIDEO D
ISK.",F,A VIDEO DISK IS A 'READ ONLY' DE
VICE..T_...4,10.6,"'ROBOTICS' IS THE NAM
E GIVEN TO A SYSTEM WHEREBY A COMPUTER C
ONTROLS THE MOVEMENT OF EXTERNAL DEVICES
.",T,"33IF YOU'RE UNSURE ABOUT PROCESSCO
NTROL AND ROBOTICS, SEE PAGES 55-56..._.
..4,10.7,"A DIGITAL SIGNAL COULD BE USED
 TO VARY THE SPEED AT WHICH A MOTOR RUNS
.",F,"42DIGITAL SIGNALS GIVE ON/OFF INFO
RMATIONONLY. 'ANALOG SIGNAL' IS CORRECT.
.O`...4,10.8,"A GIGABYTE CONTAINS APPROX
IMATELY A MILLION BYTES.",F,22A GIGABYTE
 CONTAINSAPPROXIMATELY A BILLION BYTES..
X`4..0,0..`.'X.B(5E4):.5E4,0:.B(5E4)..0.
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                         ";:...G5'."    
                                   "G(20
)" "H(D$,13)..H6'..7)"SELFTEST  VERSION 
"V$.SH7'.".";:A$."  THIS PROGRAM IS MEAN
T TO BE USED IN   "..H8'A$.A$."  CONJUNC
TION WITH THE BITS AND BYTES   ".CH9'A$.
A$."  TELEVISION SERIES AND RESOURCE BOO
K. ":.10049..H:'A$."(C) COPYRIGHT 1983 B
Y THE ONTARIO    ".'I;'A$.A$."  EDUCATIO
NAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  ".[I<'A$.A
$."          ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.":.1004
9:...I='A$."PROGRAMMING TEAM:":.10049:.:
.".";..I>'A$."  DEBORAH LEVY, MILTON VAN
 DER VEEN,      PETER VAN DER VEEN, JUDY
 WINESTONE...I?'.10049:."...I@'.X.1.1500
:.:.9.0JA'.X.1.C(A$):.J(A$,X,1)" .==>...
..";:.Y.1.20:.:..?JB'."    ";:....

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