BASIC 2
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): BASIC 2
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 23.1K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 19:47:20
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
1b729ff1924ddc878644bc7a2f00d96025dab37030766580fe9bd1c2c060b672
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THE PHANTOM | BASIC 2 | PRG | Curtcool, Frank | 19 | 0 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
> DETECTED: COMMODORE BASIC PROGRAM (LOAD ADDRESS $0801)
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00005570: 4F 57 20 57 45 27 4C 4C 20 53 54 41 59 20 49 4E |OW WE'LL STAY IN|
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00005590: 2E 22 00 C2 5D 4A 15 99 3A 99 22 D7 48 41 54 20 |."..]J..:.".HAT |
000055A0: 57 49 4C 4C 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 |WILL THE CHARACT|
000055B0: 45 52 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 CE C1 CD C5 |ER VARIABLE ....|
000055C0: 24 22 00 F1 5D 54 15 99 22 43 4F 4E 54 41 49 4E |$"..]T.."CONTAIN|
000055D0: 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 54 48 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F | AFTER THE FOLLO|
000055E0: 57 49 4E 47 20 42 49 54 20 4F 46 20 43 4F 44 45 |WING BIT OF CODE|
000055F0: 22 00 33 5E 5E 15 99 22 48 41 53 20 42 45 45 4E |".3^^.."HAS BEEN|
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00005620: 3A 41 32 24 B2 22 53 49 4C 4C 59 20 52 41 42 42 |:A2$."SILLY RABB|
00005630: 49 54 22 00 6E 5E 68 15 99 22 20 31 30 20 C1 24 |IT".n^h.." 10 .$|
00005640: 20 3D 20 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 D3 C9 CC CC D9 22 3B | = ";Q$;".....";|
00005650: 51 24 3A 99 22 A0 32 30 20 C2 24 A0 3D A0 22 3B |Q$:.".20 .$.=.";|
00005660: 51 24 3B 22 D2 C1 C2 C2 C9 D4 22 3B 51 24 00 9B |Q$;"......";Q$..|
00005670: 5E 72 15 99 22 20 33 30 20 CE C1 CD C5 24 20 3D |^r.." 30 ....$ =|
00005680: 20 C1 24 20 2B 20 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 20 22 3B 51 | .$ + ";Q$;" ";Q|
00005690: 24 3B 22 20 2B 20 C2 24 22 3A 99 00 B2 5E 7C 15 |$;" + .$":...^|.|
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000056D0: 50 41 43 45 20 43 4F 55 4E 54 53 21 22 3A 89 20 |PACE COUNTS!":. |
000056E0: 35 36 34 30 00 11 5F 90 15 99 3A 99 22 C8 45 52 |5640.._...:.".ER|
000056F0: 45 27 53 20 54 48 45 20 4C 41 53 54 20 4F 4E 45 |E'S THE LAST ONE|
00005700: 2C 20 53 4F 20 57 41 54 43 48 20 49 54 2E 2E 2E |, SO WATCH IT...|
00005710: 22 00 36 5F 9A 15 99 22 D4 48 49 53 20 4F 4E 45 |".6_...".HIS ONE|
00005720: 27 53 20 41 20 4C 49 54 54 4C 45 20 54 52 49 43 |'S A LITTLE TRIC|
00005730: 4B 59 2E 22 3A 99 00 63 5F A4 15 99 22 D7 48 41 |KY.":..c_...".HA|
00005740: 54 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 54 48 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F |T WILL THE FOLLO|
00005750: 57 49 4E 47 20 50 49 45 43 45 20 4F 46 20 43 4F |WING PIECE OF CO|
00005760: 44 45 22 00 A2 5F AE 15 99 22 50 52 49 4E 54 20 |DE".._..."PRINT |
00005770: 4F 55 54 3F 22 3A 99 3A 99 22 20 31 30 20 CE D5 |OUT?":.:." 10 ..|
00005780: CD 20 3D 20 31 32 33 22 3A 99 22 20 32 30 20 CE |. = 123":." 20 .|
00005790: D5 CD 24 20 3D 20 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 D4 D4 22 3B |..$ = ";Q$;"..";|
000057A0: 51 24 00 E6 5F B8 15 99 22 20 33 30 20 C9 C6 A0 |Q$.._..." 30 ...|
000057B0: CE D5 CD 20 3C 20 31 30 30 20 CF D2 20 CE D5 CD |... < 100 .. ...|
000057C0: 24 20 3D 20 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 31 32 33 22 3B 51 |$ = ";Q$;"123";Q|
000057D0: 24 3B 22 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 CE D5 |$;".... ..... ..|
000057E0: CD 2F 31 30 30 22 00 2B 60 C2 15 99 22 20 34 30 |./100".+`..." 40|
000057F0: 20 C9 C6 A0 CE D5 CD 20 3D 20 31 32 33 20 C1 CE | ...... = 123 ..|
00005800: C4 20 CE D5 CD 24 20 3C 3E 20 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 |. ...$ <> ";Q$;"|
00005810: 31 32 33 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 D0 D2 |123";Q$;".... ..|
00005820: C9 CE D4 20 CE D5 CD 2F 31 30 22 00 6C 60 CC 15 |... .../10".l`..|
00005830: 99 22 20 35 30 20 C9 C6 A0 CE D5 CD 20 3D 20 31 |." 50 ...... = 1|
00005840: 32 33 20 C1 CE C4 20 CE D5 CD 24 20 3D 20 22 3B |23 ... ...$ = ";|
00005850: 51 24 3B 22 31 32 33 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 D4 C8 C5 |Q$;"123";Q$;"...|
00005860: CE 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 CE D5 CD 22 00 A2 60 D6 |. ..... ..."..`.|
00005870: 15 99 22 20 36 30 20 C5 CE C4 22 3A 99 3A 41 31 |.." 60 ...":.:A1|
00005880: 24 B2 22 31 32 2E 33 22 3A 41 32 24 B2 41 31 24 |$."12.3":A2$.A1$|
00005890: 3A 99 22 C1 4E 53 57 45 52 22 3B 3A 8D 20 35 37 |:.".NSWER";:. 57|
000058A0: 35 30 00 D2 60 E0 15 99 3A 99 22 CF 4E 4C 59 20 |50..`...:.".NLY |
000058B0: 54 48 45 20 53 45 43 4F 4E 44 20 43 41 53 45 20 |THE SECOND CASE |
000058C0: 49 53 20 54 52 55 45 2E 2E 2E CE D5 CD 3D 31 32 |IS TRUE......=12|
000058D0: 33 22 00 FE 60 EA 15 99 22 A0 C1 CE C4 A0 CE D5 |3"..`...".......|
000058E0: CD 24 20 3C 3E 20 22 3B 51 24 3B 22 31 32 33 22 |.$ <> ";Q$;"123"|
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00005900: 61 F4 15 99 3A 99 3A 99 22 D3 45 45 20 59 4F 55 |a...:.:.".EE YOU|
00005910: 20 4E 45 58 54 20 4C 45 53 53 4F 4E 2E 2E 2E 22 | NEXT LESSON..."|
00005920: 00 39 61 FE 15 81 20 49 B2 31 A4 31 30 30 30 3A |.9a... I.1.1000:|
00005930: 82 49 3A 89 20 35 38 34 30 00 7B 61 08 16 53 50 |.I:. 5840.{a..SP|
00005940: B2 53 50 AA 31 3A 99 22 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 |.SP.1:."........|
00005950: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 |................|
00005960: 11 D4 59 50 45 20 41 4E 59 20 4B 45 59 20 54 4F |..YPE ANY KEY TO|
00005970: 20 43 4F 4E 54 49 4E 55 45 22 3B 00 93 61 12 16 | CONTINUE";..a..|
00005980: A1 4B 45 59 24 3A 8B 4B 45 59 24 B2 22 22 A7 35 |.KEY$:.KEY$."".5|
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000059C0: 00 DB 61 30 16 8B 4B 45 59 24 B2 22 5E 22 AF 53 |..a0..KEY$."^".S|
000059D0: 50 B1 32 A7 53 50 B2 53 50 AB 32 00 F4 61 3A 16 |P.2.SP.SP.2..a:.|
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00005A00: 31 31 30 2C 32 34 30 2C 34 36 30 2C 36 31 30 2C |110,240,460,610,|
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00005A50: 33 30 2C 32 35 35 30 2C 32 36 35 30 2C 32 38 30 |30,2550,2650,280|
00005A60: 30 2C 32 39 32 30 2C 33 31 33 30 2C 33 31 39 30 |0,2920,3130,3190|
00005A70: 2C 33 32 36 30 2C 33 34 36 30 2C 33 36 33 30 2C |,3260,3460,3630,|
00005A80: 33 37 35 30 2C 33 39 33 30 00 D2 62 58 16 91 28 |3750,3930..bX..(|
00005A90: 53 50 AB 32 36 29 89 34 31 30 30 2C 34 32 35 30 |SP.26).4100,4250|
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00005AE0: 6C 16 99 22 45 52 52 4F 52 2A 2A 2A 45 52 52 4F |l.."ERROR***ERRO|
00005AF0: 52 2A 2A 2A 45 52 52 4F 52 22 3A 90 00 0E 63 76 |R***ERROR":...cv|
00005B00: 16 4E 55 B2 30 3A 41 4E 53 57 24 B2 22 22 00 49 |.NU.0:ANSW$."".I|
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00005B20: 20 41 4E 24 B2 41 31 24 B0 41 4E 24 B2 41 32 24 | AN$.A1$.AN$.A2$|
00005B30: A7 99 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 12 C3 |.." ..|
00005B40: 4F 52 52 45 43 54 22 3A 8E 00 5E 63 8A 16 8B 41 |ORRECT":..^c...A|
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00005B90: 47 41 49 4E 22 3B 3A 89 35 37 36 30 00 C4 63 9E |GAIN";:.5760..c.|
00005BA0: 16 99 3A 99 22 D4 48 45 20 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 |..:.".HE CORRECT|
00005BB0: 20 41 4E 53 57 45 52 20 49 53 2E 2E 2E 22 3B 41 | ANSWER IS...";A|
00005BC0: 31 24 3A 8E 00 F0 63 A8 16 99 22 D4 59 50 45 20 |1$:...c...".YPE |
00005BD0: 41 4E 59 20 4B 45 59 20 54 4F 20 45 58 45 43 55 |ANY KEY TO EXECU|
00005BE0: 54 45 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 22 3B |TE THE PROGRAM";|
00005BF0: 00 08 64 B2 16 A1 4B 45 59 24 3A 8B 4B 45 59 24 |..d...KEY$:.KEY$|
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00005C30: 9E 20 34 39 31 35 32 00 00 00 |. 49152... |
....... (C) 1984 GOLD DISK.;.... TUTORIA
L SERIES - BASIC II.A.....`.(..53281,0:.
".....":Q$.G(34)..2.. 10000=PAUSING SUB
ROUTINE...<.. 11000=ANSWER QUESTIONS SUB
ROUTINE.W.F.. 12000=TYPE-ANYTHING-TO-EXE
CUTE SUBROUTINE...P..A(9)...Z.. BASIC TU
TORIAL # 2...D.. BY D.KEENAN AND F.WHITE
SIDE.J.N.SP.1:.".":." .BASIC.
.TUTORIAL".Z.X..:.:." BY D.KEENAN AN
D F.WHITESIDE":.:......." WELCOME TO TH
E SECOND IN A THREE-PART".M...."TUTORIAL
SERIES ON THE BASIC"......"PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE. THE SECOND PART".&. .."WILL DE
AL WITH .ARRAYS., .FOR - NEXT".P....".LO
OPS.,AND .CHARACTER VARIABLES.."......:.
:." SO SIT BACK AND GET READY TO BEGIN
..."......:.".NOTE: IF YOU TYPE THE '_'
KEY THEN IT'S"...H.." . BACK TO THE M
AIN MENU WITH YOU "...R.." .THE '^'
KEY CAUSES THE TUTORIAL".6...." .
TO BACK UP ONE SCREEN".A.... 5640.Q....:
."LAST LESSON, WE LOOKED AT A PROGRAM TO
"......"CALCULATE COMPOUND INTEREST AS A
N".D...."EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF VARIABLES
.":......."THIS LESSON, LET'S CONSIDER A
DIFFERENT"......"EXAMPLE: LET'S CONSIDE
R A PSYCHOLOGY".N.".."EXPERIMENT. WE WI
LL WRITE A PROGRAM TO".Y.,.."DETERMINE W
HETHER PEOPLE PREFER THE"...6.."NUMBER 1
OR THE NUMBER 2. IMAGINE THAT".O.@.."T
HIS PROGRAM IS RUNNING IN YOUR"...J.."CO
MPUTER IN AN AREA WHERE MANY PEOPLE".(.T
.."WILL BE PASSING. THE PROGRAM SHOULD"
.[.^.."ASK THE QUESTION ";Q$;"WHICH DO Y
OU PREFER,"...H.."1 OR 2";Q$;".THEN IT S
HOULD READ THE NUMBER"...R.."TYPED IN.
WE'LL HAVE A VARIABLE A1 TO"...|.."COUNT
THE NUMBER OF 1'S TYPED AND A"......"VA
RIABLE A2 TO COUNT THE NUMBER OF 2'S".D.
..."ENTERED. IF THE NUMBER -1 IS TYPED
IN,".O...."THEN THE PROGRAM WILL PRINT O
UT THE"......"RESPECTIVE NUMBERS OF 1'S
AND 2'S".E...."ENTERED AND STOP. THE PR
OGRAM SHOULD"......"IGNORE ANY NUMBER BU
T 1, 2, OR -1."...B.. 5640. .L..:."LET'S
LOOK AT THE PROGRAM:":..4.V.." 10 A1
= 0".H...." 20 A2 = 0"......" 30 INP
UT";Q$;"WHICH NUMBER DO YOU PREFER: 1 OR
2";Q$;"NUM"......" 40 IF NUM = 1 THEN
A1 = A1 + 1"......" 50 IF NUM = 2 THE
N A2 = A2 + 1"......" 60 IF NUM = -1 T
HEN PRINT";Q$;"1'S=";.0....Q$;";A1;";Q$;
" 2'S=";Q$;";A2".R...." 70 IF NUM = -1
THEN END".I.&.." 80 GOTO 30":....0.."
NOTICE THAT WE .INITIALIZED. THE"...:.."
VARIABLES A1 AND A2 AT THE BEGINNING"...
D.."OF THE PROGRAM. THAT IS, WE SET THE
M"...N.."TO ZERO. (CAN YOU SEE WHY ?)":.
...X.. 5640.B.B..:."IN LINE 60, WE CAN A
LSO PUT":..{.L.." 60 IF NUM = -1 THEN
PRINT";Q$;"1'S=";Q$;";A1;";...V..Q$;" 2'
S=";Q$;";A2:END":..C...."THAT IS, WE CAN
PUT MORE THAN ONE"......"STATEMENT ON A
LINE BY SEPARATING THEM"......"WITH A C
OLON (:).":..;...."THE BASIC STATEMENT E
ND IS USED HERE TO".F...."STOP THE PROGR
AM. IF MORE THAN ONE"......"STATMENT AP
PEARS FOLLOWING AN IF, THEN".B...."THE S
TATEMENTS ARE ALL EXECUTED IF THE"...F..
"IF EXPRESSION IS TRUE, AND NONE OF THEM
"...P.."ARE EXECUTED IF THE IF EXPRESSIO
N IS".-.Z.."FALSE.":..:....:. 5800.E...A
1 . 0.P...A2 . 0.}...NUM.0:."WHICH DO YO
U PREFER: 1 OR 2";NUM...... NUM . 1 . A1
. A1 . 1...... NUM . 2 . A2 . A2 . 1...
.. NUM . .1 . ."1'S=";A1;" 2'S=";A2:. 5
640...*.. 770...4..:."NOW THIS IS A RATH
ER LIMITED EXPERIMENT".G.>.."MOST PEOPLE
'S FAVOURITE NUMBER IS".U.H.."BETWEEN 0
AND 9, AND NOT NECESSARILY 1"...R.."OR 2
. IT WOULD BE MORE REWARDING TO".O.\.."
CHECK PEOPLE'S FAVOURITE NUMBER FROM 0".
..F.."TO 9. AN EXAMPLE OF SUCH A PROGRA
M"...P.."WILL FOLLOW.":..?.Z.."FIRST WE
INITIALIZE OUR VARIABLES A0 TO".N...."A9
IN TWO MULTIPLE STATEMENTS. THEN WE"..
...."ASK FOR THE PERSON'S FAVOURITE NUMB
ER.".I...."NEXT WE CHECK TO SEE IF THE N
UMBER IS"......"BETWEEN -1 AND 9 (REMEM
BER WE USE -1 ".%...."TO END THIS PROGRA
M). THEN WE ADD ONE".T...."TO THE APPRO
PRIATE COUNTER VARIABLE AND"....."LOOP
BACK. IF A -1 WAS ENTERED, WE"...J.."PR
INT OUT THE RESULTS AND STOP. THE".Y.T.
."STRUCTURE OF THIS PROGRAM IS DIFFERENT
"......"FROM THAT OF THE LAST ONE BECAUS
E WE".3...."CAN'T DO ALL THE PRINTING IN
ONE LINE.".>.... 5640.B...." 10 A0=0:A1
=0:A2=0:A3=0:A4=0"......" 20 A5=0:A6=0:A
7=0:A8=0:A9=0"......" 30 INPUT";Q$;"WHAT
IS YOUR FAVOURITE NUMBER";Q$;.J....";NU
M"...$.." 40 IF NUM < -1 THEN GOTO 30"..
...." 50 IF NUM > 9 THEN GOTO 30".6.8.."
60 IF NUM = -1 THEN GOTO 180".].B.." 70
IF NUM = 0 THEN A0 = A0 + 1"...L.." 80
IF NUM = 1 THEN A1 = A1 + 1"...V.." 90 I
F NUM = 2 THEN A2 = A2 + 1".R.`.."100 IF
NUM = 3 THEN A3 = A3 + 1"...J.."110 IF
NUM = 4 THEN A4 = A4 + 1". .T.."120 IF N
UM = 5 THEN A5 = A5 + 1".G.~.."130 IF NU
M = 6 THEN A6 = A6 + 1".N...."140 IF NUM
= 7 THEN A7 = A7 + 1"......"150 IF NUM
= 8 THEN A8 = A8 + 1"......"160 IF NUM =
9 THEN A9 = A9 + 1".O...."170 GOTO 30".
....."180 PRINT";Q$;"0'S=";Q$;";A0;";Q$;
"1'S=";Q$;";A1;"Q$;"2'S=";Q$;";A2".E....
"190 PRINT";Q$;"3'S=";Q$;";A3;";Q$;"4'S=
";Q$;";A4;"Q$;"5'S=";Q$;";A5"...D.."200
PRINT";Q$;"6'S=";Q$;";A6;";Q$;"7'S=";Q$;
";A7;"Q$;"8'S=";Q$;";A8".T.N.."210 PRINT
";Q$;"9'S=";Q$;";A9"...X.."220 END".....
. 5640...... *****.*....:."THE PRECEDING
PROGRAM CAN BE SHORTENED".X...."BY COMB
INING LINES 40 AND 50. WHAT WE"......"W
ANT TO DO IS TO GOTO 30 IF EITHER THE"..
...."NUMBER ENTERED IS LESS THAN -1 OR I
F IT"......"IS GREATER THAN 9. WE CAN U
SE THE"...(.."LOGICAL CONJUNCTIVE .OR. T
O DO THIS:":..>.2.." 40 IF NUM < -1 OR N
UM > 9 THEN GOTO 30":..M.<.."NOTICE THAT
THE THING ON EITHER SIDE OF"...F.."THE
OR MUST BE A COMPLETE EXPRESSION".G.P.."
THAT CAN BE EVALUATED IN ITSELF. THAT".
..Z.."IS, THE PHRASE":....D.." IF NU
M < -1 OR > 9":..(.N.."IS ILLEGAL BECAUS
E > 9 DOESN'T".^.X.."MEAN ANYTHING WIT
HOUT NUM IN FRONT":."OF IT."......:."T
HE OTHER LOGICAL CONJUNCTIVES ARE"......
" .AND. AND .NOT..":. 5640.Z....:."THE L
OGICAL CONJUNCTIVES HAVE THE SAME"... ..
"MEANING AS THE ENGLISH WORDS, SO THERE"
.3...."SHOULD BE LITTLE CONFUSION IN USI
NG".E...."THEM.":.:."DO YOU THINK THAT T
HE FOLLOWING"......"STATEMENT IS A LEGAL
BASIC STATEMENT?":A1$."YES":A2$."YES":.
...H.. " 10 IF J<3 AND J>0 THEN GOTO 5":
.:."ANSWER (YES/NO)";.#.R.. 5750:.:." TH
E STATEMENT IS A LEGAL BASIC":."STATEMEN
T.".V....:."LET'S TRY RUNNING THE PROGRA
M NOW.":. 5640.Z....:A0.0:A1.0:A2.0:A3.0
:A4.0:A5.0.....A6.0:A7.0:A8.0:A9.0.A...N
UM.0:."WHAT IS YOUR FAVOURITE NUMBER";NU
M...... NUM . .1 . NUM . 9 . . 1530.....
. NUM . .1 . . 1670.. ... NUM . 0 . A0 .
A0 . 1.3 ".. NUM . 1 . A1 . A1 . 1.O ,.
. NUM . 2 . A2 . A2 . 1.K 6.. NUM . 3 .
A3 . A3 . 1.. @.. NUM . 4 . A4 . A4 . 1.
. J.. NUM . 5 . A5 . A5 . 1.. T.. NUM .
6 . A6 . A6 . 1.. ^.. NUM . 7 . A7 . A7
. 1.. H.. NUM . 8 . A8 . A8 . 1..!R.. NU
M . 9 . A9 . A9 . 1..!|.. 1530.C!..."0'S
=";A0;" 1'S=";A1;" 2'S=";A2.H!..."3'S=";
A3;" 4'S=";A4;" 5'S=";A5..!..."6'S=";A6;
" 7'S=";A7;" 8'S=";A8..!..."9'S=";A9:.:.
5640.M!...:."IF YOU'RE FEELING A LITTLE
BIT"..!..."UNCOMFORTABLE WITH THAT PROG
RAM, FEAR".)"B.."NOT! WE'RE UNCOMFORTAB
LE WITH IT, TOO.".W"L.."IT SEEMS A LITTL
E KLUTZY. THE PROBLEM".."V.."IS, WE'RE
DOING THE SAME THING TO A".."..."GROUP O
F VARIABLES.":..K"..." 'THERE MUST BE
AN EASIER WAY' THE".."..."PROGRAMMER COM
PLAINED.":...#..." 'YES, INDEED, THERE
IS,' ANSWERED".B#..."THE LANGUAGE DESIG
NER. 'WE'LL JUST".N#..."SET UP A VARIAB
LE THAT CAN HOLD MORE"..#..."THAN ONE NU
MBER AT A TIME....'":..D#&.." AND THU
S .ARRAYS. WERE BORN":. 5640..#0..:."TO
REFER BACK TO OUR PREVIOUS ANALOGY"..$:.
."(IN LAST LESSON'S TUTORIAL) ABOUT".I$D
.."MAILBOXES, THINK OF AN .ARRAY. AS THE
".V$N.."SET OF MAILBOXES IN A LARGE APAR
TMENT"..$X.."COMPLEX. IN ONE CENTRAL AR
EA, THERE".K$B.."ARE MANY MAILBOXES, EAC
H NUMBERED"..$L.."INDIVIDUALLY TO SPECIF
Y WHO GETS WHAT".)%V.."MAIL. ARRAYS WORK
IN MUCH THE SAME WAY.":..Y%..."WE USE T
HE SPECIAL BASIC STATEMENT .DIM."..%..."
TO TELL BASIC THAT WE WANT AN ARRAY."..%
..."DIM IS SHORT FOR DIMENSION, OR THE S
IZE".Z%..."OF THE ARRAY. AN EXAMPLE IS"
:...%..." 10 DIM A(23)":...&..."THIS
TELLS BASIC THAT A IS AN ARRAY".D&..."TH
AT WILL HAVE 24 ELEMENTS:":..P&F.."A(0),
A(1), A(2), ..., A(23).":. 5640..&P..:.
"THE NUMBER IN PARENTHESES AFTER THE".M&
Z.."ARRAY NAME IS CALLED THE .INDEX.. I
T IS"..&..."LIKE THE APARTMENT NUMBER IN
OUR"..'..."MAILBOX ANALOGY. THE NUMBER
IN".J'..."PARENTHESES IN THE DIM STATEM
ENT TELLS".Y'..."THE COMPUTER WHAT THE L
ARGEST INDEX MAY"..'..."BE AND, INCIDENT
ALLY, HOW LONG THE"..'..."ARRAY IS.":...
' .."NOW, IN OUR EXAMPLE PROBLEM WE READ
IN"..(*.."A NUMBER BETWEEN 0 AND 9. WE
'LL USE".>(4.."THE NUMBER WE READ IN AS
AN INDEX INTO".S(>.."THE ARRAY OF COUNTE
RS THAT WE'LL MAKE.":. 5640..(H.."EXAMIN
E THE FOLLOWING PROGRAM:":..D(R.." 10 DI
M A(9):A(0)=0:A(1)=0:A(2)=0"..(\.." 20 A
(3)=0:A(4)=0:A(5)=0:A(6)=0:A(7)=0"..)F..
" 30 A(8)=0:A(9)=0.G)P.." 40 INPUT";Q$"W
HAT IS YOUR FAVOURITE NUMBER";Q$;";NUM".
V)Z.." 50 IF NUM < -1 OR NUM > 9 THEN GO
TO 40"..)..." 60 IF NUM = -1 THEN GOTO 9
0"..)..." 70 A(NUM) = A(NUM) + 1".L)..."
80 GOTO 40"..*..." 90 PRINT";Q$;"0'S=";
Q$;";A(0);";Q$;" 1'S=";Q$;";A(1); 2'S=";
.!*... Q$;";A(2)".E*..."100 PRINT";Q$;"3
'S=";Q$;";A(3);";Q$;" 4'S=";Q$;";A(4); 5
'S=";.V*... Q$;";A(5)"..*J.."110 PRINT";
Q$;"6'S=";Q$;";A(6);";Q$;" 7'S=";Q$;";A(
7); 8'S=";.K*T.. Q$;";A(8)"..*..."120 PR
INT";Q$;"9'S=";Q$;";A(9)"..+...:."THIS I
S CONSIDERABLY SHORTER, NOT TO".K+..."ME
NTION MORE AESTHETICALLY PLEASING.".X+..
."TRY IT AND YOU WILL SEE THAT IT WORKS"
..+..."THE SAME WAY AS OUR PREVIOUS VERS
ION.":. 5640.N+...:A(0).0:A(1).0:A(2).0:
A(3).0..+..A(4).0:A(5).0:A(6).0:A(7).0:A
(8).0:A(9).0.+,$.NUM.0:."WHAT IS YOUR FA
VOURITE NUMBER";NUM.M,... NUM . .1 . NUM
. 9 . . 2340.E,8.. NUM . .1 . . 2390.},
B.A(NUM) . A(NUM) . 1..,L.. 2340..,V.."0
'S=";A(0);" 1'S=";A(1);" 2'S=";A(2)..,`.
."3'S=";A(3);" 4'S=";A(4);" 5'S=";A(5)..
-J.."6'S=";A(6);" 7'S=";A(7);" 8'S=";A(8
).!-T.."9'S=";A(9):. 5640.P-~..:.:."FOR
COMPLETENESS, WE SHOULD MENTION".~-..."T
HAT IN COMMODORE BASIC, IF YOU FORGET"..
-..."THE DIM STATEMENT, THEN BASIC WILL"
.W-..."ASSUME THAT YOU MEANT TO SAY DIM
A(10)."......"THIS IS ONE OF THOSE 'NICE
' FEATURES".*...."THAT THE LANGUAGE HAS.
ALSO, A".X...."VARIABLE OR ARRAY IS AU
TOMATICALLY SET"...D.."TO ZERO AT THE BE
GINNING OF A PROGRAM"...N.."RUN. THIS I
S NOT TRUE ON ALL COMPUTERS"...X.."AND G
ETTING INTO THE HABIT OF INITIAL-"../...
"IZING VARIABLES CAN SAVE HOURS OF".</..
."DEBUGGING TIME AT SOME LATER DATE.":.
5640.N/...:.:."THE INITIALIZATION AT THE
BEGINNING OF"../..."THE LAST PROGRAM SE
EMS A BIT TEDIOUS.".F/..."IT ISN'T REALL
Y TOO BAD, BUT IF THE"../..."ARRAY WERE
LARGER, THEN THE INITIAL-"..0..."IZATION
PROCESS COULD BECOME VERY".G0(.."TIRESO
ME. IMAGINE INITIALIZING EACH".T02.."EL
EMENT OF AN ARRAY 200 OR 5000 LONG!"..0<
.."FROM WHAT WE'VE LEARNED PREVIOUSLY,".
M0F.."THOUGH, WE CAN WRITE A SEGMENT OF
CODE"..0P.."TO INITIALIZE THE ARRAY.":.
5640..1Z..:."CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:":..
31D.." 10 DIM A(9): I = 0".H1N.." 20 A
(I) = 0".^1X.." 30 I = I + 1"..1..." 4
0 IF I <= 9 THEN GOTO 20"..1..." 50 REM
INITIALIZATION IS FINISHED":...1..."THI
S SHORT SECTION OF CODE CAN BE USED"..2
.."TO INITIALIZE ANY SIZE OF ARRAY.":..4
2..."(AS AN ASIDE, NOTE STATEMENT 50. T
HIS".B2..." IS A REMARK STATEMENT. BASI
C IGNORES"..2..." IT. IT IS USED AS A C
OMMENT TO"..2H.." WHOEVER IS READING THE
PROGRAM."..2R.." REMARKS CAN DO A GREAT
DEAL TOWARD"..3..." MAKING YOUR CODE EA
SILY READABLE BY".'3..." OTHER PEOPLE.)"
:. 5640.V3...:."THE IDEA OF INCREMENTING
THE COUNTER,".~3..."TESTING TO SEE IF T
HE COUNTER IS"..3..."LARGER THAN SOME MA
XIMUM VALUE AND, IF".Z3..."IT ISN'T, REP
EATING IS ONE OF THE MOST"..4..."COMMON
THINGS THAT A PROGRAMMER COULD".54".."WA
NT TO DO. IT IS SO COMMON, IN FACT,".A4
,.."THAT THERE IS A BASIC STATEMENT JUST
"..46.."FOR THAT PURPOSE: THE .FOR-NEXT
. LOOP."..4@.."THE FORM OF THE FOR-NEXT
LOOP IS:"..4J..:." 10 FOR I = 0 TO 100
STEP 1"..4T..:." . . .":...5^
.." 60 NEXT I":. 5640.D5H..:."THE RESUL
T IS THAT THE VARIABLE I IS".Q5R.."GIVEN
THE VALUE 0, AND THE STATEMENTS". 5|.."
BETWEEN THE FOR AND NEXT STATEMENTS ARE"
.M5..."EXECUTED. WHEN THE NEXT STATEMEN
T IS"..5..."REACHED, THEN I HAS 1 ADDED
TO IT AND".(6..."WE GO BACK TO THE FOR S
TATEMENT. IF I".P6..."IS GREATER THAN 1
00, THE PROGRAM".}6..."TRANSFERS CONTROL
TO THE FIRST STATE-"..6..."MENT AFTER T
HE NEXT I STATEMENT.".Q6B.." IF I IS NO
T GREATER THAN 100, THEN"..7L.."THE STAT
EMENTS IN THE LOOP ARE EXECUTED"..7V.."A
GAIN, AND THE PROCESS REPEATS UNTIL I".W
7..."IS FINALLY GREATER THAN 100. THE".
.7..."VARIABLE NAMED IN THE FOR STATEMEN
T CAN"..7..."BE ANY VARIABLE NAME, AND T
HE NUMBERS".Q7..."MAY BE ANY EXPRESSION.
"..7..." ANOTHER EXAMPLE WOULD BE:":..%
8..." 10 FOR CO = B*C+3 TO TAN(X)-3 ST
EP-6".<8..." 20 NEXT CO":..K8&.."HERE
THE STEP IS -6, SO 6 IS SUBTRACTED"..80.
."FROM THE COUNTER EACH TIME.":. 5640..8
:..:."TRY THIS SHORT EXAMPLE:":...8D.."
10 FOR I = 1 TO 10 STEP 1"..8N.." 20
PRINT I"..9X.." 30 NEXT I".09B.." 4
0 PRINT";Q$;"DONE";Q$:.:. 5800:..T9L.. I
.1.10.1:.I:.I:."DONE":. 5640..9V..:."AND
NOW THE SAME PROGRAM WITH A FEW"..9..."
SMALL CHANGES:":...9..." 10 FOR I = 10
TO 1 STEP -1".S9..." 20 PRINT I"..9..
." 30 NEXT I"..:..." 40 PRINT";Q$;"D
ONE";Q$:.:. 5800.6:...:.I.10.1..1:.I:.I:
."DONE":. 5640.B:..."WE SHOULD NOTE ALSO
THAT IF YOU OMIT"..:F.."THE STEP PART O
F THE FOR STATEMENT,"..:P.."BASIC ASSUME
S YOU MEANT STEP 1."..:Z.."APPLYING WHAT
WE'VE JUST LEARNED TO OUR"..;..."FAVOUR
ITE NUMBER PROGRAM, WE GET THE".(;..."FO
LLOWING CODE:":..<;..." 10 DIM A(9)".H;.
.." 20 FOR I = 0 TO 9: A(I) = 0: NEXT I"
..;..." 60 INPUT";Q$;"WHAT IS YOUR FAVOU
RITE NUMBER";Q$;";NUM".U;..." 70 IF NUM
< -1 OR NUM > 9 THEN GOTO 60"..; .." 80
IF NUM = -1 THEN GOTO 110"..<*.." 90 A(N
UM) = A(NUM) + 1".,<4.."100 GOTO 60".F<>
.."110 FOR I = 0 TO 9".M<H.."120 PRINT I
;";Q$;"'S=";Q$;"A(I)".<R.."130 NEXT I".
.<\..:."THIS PROGRAM IS QUITE A BIT SHOR
TER,"..<F.."AND EASIER TO CHANGE. IF, F
OR EXAMPLE,"..=P.."WE WANTED TO MAKE THE
PROGRAM MORE"./=Z.."GENERAL WE COULD WR
ITE...":.:.5640.D=...:." 5 MAX = 9".Z=.
.." 10 DIM A(MAX)"..=..." 20 FOR I = 0 T
O MAX: A(I) = 0: NEXT I".F=..." 60 INPUT
";Q$;"WHAT IS YOUR FAVOURITE NUMBER";Q$;
";NUM"..=..." 70 IF NUM < -1 OR NUM >MAX
THEN GOTO 60"..>..." 80 IF NUM = -1 THE
N GOTO 110".:>..." 90 A(NUM) = A(NUM) +
1".M>J.."100 GOTO 60".I>T.."110 FOR I =
0 TO MAX". >..."120 PRINT I;";Q$;"'S=";Q
$;"A(I)":."130 NEXT I":..G>..." THIS PR
OGRAM DOES EXACTLY THE"..>..."SAME THING
, BUT WE CAN CHANGE THE"..?..."LARGEST '
FAVOURITE NUMBER' ALLOWED JUST".H?..."BY
CHANGING LINE 5 NOW; IF WE PUT".W?..."M
AX = 100 THEN ANY NUMBER BETWEEN 0 AND".
.?..."100 COULD BE CHOSEN. THIS MAKES T
HE".M?$.."PROGRAM EASIER TO MAINTAIN.":.
5640..?...:."LET'S LIMIT THE SCOPE OF T
HIS PROGRAM"."@8.."AGAIN AND TRY THE FOL
LOWING:":..M@B.."WHAT IF, INSTEAD OF FIN
DING OUT THE".{@L.."FAVOURITE NUMBER OF
A GROUP OF PEOPLE,"..@V.."WE WANTED TO F
IND THEIR FAVOURITE"..@`.."COLOUR ?":...
@J.."FOR SIMPLICITY, LET'S STICK TO THE"
..AT.."THREE PRIMARY COLOURS: RED, BLUE
".8A~.."AND YELLOW. WE CAN STILL USE AN
ARRAY,".FA..."AND WE'LL LET ARRAY ELEME
NT A(0) STORE"..A..."THE NUMBER OF RESPO
NSES FOR RED, A(1)"..A..."FOR BLUE, AND
A(2) FOR YELLOW.":. 5640..A...:."HERE IS
AN EXAMPLE PROGRAM:":...B..." 10 DIM A(
2):FOR I = 0 TO 2:A(I)=0:NEXT I".LB..."
20 PRINT";Q$;"WHAT IS YOUR FAVOURITE COL
OUR"..BD.." 30 INPUT";Q$;"TYPE 0(RED),1(
BLUE),2(YELLOW)";Q$;";COLOUR".BBN.." 40
IF COLOUR < -1 OR COLOUR > 2 THEN GOTO 2
0"..BX.." 50 IF COLOUR = -1 THEN GOTO 80
"..C..." 60 A(COLOUR) = A(COLOUR) + 1".!
C..." 70 GOTO 20".HC..." 80 PRINT";Q$;"R
EDS=";Q$;";A(0)".OC..." 90 PRINT";Q$;"BL
UES=";Q$;"A(1)"..C..."100 PRINT";Q$;"YEL
LOWS=";Q$;"A(2)":. 5800:...C...I.0.2:A(I
).0:..ZC..."WHAT IS YOUR FAVOURITE COLOU
R"..D(.COLOUR.0:."TYPE 0(RED),1(BLUE),2(
YELLOW)";COLOUR.-D2..COLOUR..1.COLOUR.2.
.3870.BD<..COLOUR..1..3920.CDF.A(COLOUR)
.A(COLOUR).1:. 3870..DP.."REDS=";A(0):."
BLUES=";A(1):."YELLOWS=";A(2):. 5640.KDZ
..:."THIS IS MUCH THE SAME AS THE PREVIO
US"..DD.."PROGRAM, BUT WE'VE INCREASED T
HE ".#EN.."INSTRUCTIONS TO THE USER. TH
E USER HAS".PEX.."TO TYPE A 0 IF HE MEAN
S RED. THIS IS".{E..."NOT 'USER-FRIENDL
Y'. USER-FRIENDLY"..E..."PROGRAMS ASK U
S TO TYPE RED IF WE MEAN".SE..."RED. LE
T'S SEE IF WE CAN MAKE THE"..E .."PROGRA
M MORE USER-FRIENDLY. TRY THE".*F..."PR
OGRAM AGAIN, BUT TYPE RED WHEN IT".MF...
"ASKS FOR THE COLOUR.":." (DON'T FORGET
...-1 TO END)":. 5800..F...:.I.0.2:A(I).
0:...FH.."WHAT IS YOUR FAVOURITE COLOUR"
..FR.COLOUR.0:."TYPE 0(RED),1(BLUE),2(YE
LLOW)";COLOUR..F...COLOUR..1.COLOUR.2..3
870..G...COLOUR..1..3920.1G..A(COLOUR).A
(COLOUR).1:. 3870.JG..."REDS=";A(0):."BL
UES=";A(1):."YELLOWS=";A(2):. 5640..G...
:."IT DIDN'T SEEM TOO HAPPY ABOUT YOUR".
FG..."TYPING IN RED, DID IT ? THAT IS BE
CAUSE"..G..."WE ARE READING A REAL VARIA
BLE. WE CAN".$H".."ONLY STORE REAL NUMB
ERS IN IT. (BY REAL".OH,.."NUMBERS WE ME
AN MATHEMATICALLY REAL".ZH6.."NUMBERS, N
OT NUMBERS THAT DON'T EAT"..H@.."QUICHE.
)":...HJ.."IF WE WANT TO READ IN CHARACT
ERS WE"..HT.."MUST USE A CHARACTER VARIA
BLE. A"..I^.."CHARACTER VARIABLE IS DIS
TINGUISHED".7IH.."FROM A NON-CHARACTER V
ARIABLE BY THE".FIR.."FACT THAT THE CHAR
ACTER VARIABLE'S NAME"..I|.."ENDS IN A '
$'. THUS A1$ IS A CHARACTER"..I..."VARI
ABLE DISTINCT FROM THE REAL".WI..."VARIA
BLE A1.":. 5640..J...:."LET'S TRY A SHOR
T PROGRAM TO SEE HOW".(J..."CHARACTER VA
RIABLES WORK.":..SJ..." 10 INPUT";Q$;"TY
PE A ZERO";Q$;";A$"..J..." 20 IF A$ = ";
Q$;"0";Q$;" THEN PRINT";Q$;"THAT'S RIGHT
";Q$.XJB.." 30 IF A$<>";Q$;"0";Q$;" THEN
PRINT";Q$;"YOU TYPED ";Q$;";A$"..JL.."
40 END":...KV.."THIS PROGRAM ASKS YOU TO
TYPE A ZERO,".LK..."AND THEN IT CHECKS
TO SEE IF YOU DID.":.:. 5800.HK..A$."":.
"TYPE A ZERO";A$..K... A$ . "0" . ."THAT
'S RIGHT"..K... A$ .. "0" . ."YOU TYPED
";A$:. 5640..K...:.:."NOTICE THAT WE COM
PARED THE CHARACTER"..L..."VARIABLE TO S
OMETHING IN QUOTES. THAT".9L..."IS BECA
USE THINGS IN QUOTES ARE".EL&.."CHARACTE
R CONSTANTS. WE'VE SEEN THEM"..L0.."BEFO
RE, AND USE THEM IN PRINT AND INPUT".AL:
.."STATEMENTS. LET'S TRY OUR 'FAVOURITE
"..LD.."COLOUR' PROGRAM WITH A CHARACTER
..MN.."VARIABLE. NOTICE THAT THE LOGIC
HAS".<MX.."CHANGED A LITTLE. ONE TYPES
END".BMB.."INSTEAD OF -1 TO FINISH NOW."
:...ML.."DON'T FORGET THERE IS A DIFFERE
NCE"..MV.."BETWEEN RED (LOWER CASE) AND"
.XM..." RED (UPPER CASE).":. 5640
..N...:.:." 10 DIM A(2):FOR I=0 TO 2:A(I
)=0:NEXT I".?N..." 20 PRINT";Q$;"WHICH C
OLOUR DO YOU PREFER";Q$.WN..." 30 INPUT"
;Q$;"RED, BLUE OR YELLOW";Q$;";COLOUR$".
.N..." 40 NUM = -2"..N..." 50 IF COLOUR$
= ";Q$;"RED";Q$;" THEN NUM = 0"..N..."
60 IF COLOUR$ = ";Q$;"BLUE";Q$;" THEN NU
M = 1".-OF.." 70 IF COLOUR$ = ";Q$;"GREE
N";Q$;" THEN NUM = 2".COP.." 80 IF COLOU
R$ = ";Q$;"END";Q$;" THEN NUM = -1"..OZ.
." 90 IF NUM < -1 THEN GOTO 20"..O..."10
0 IF NUM = -1 THEN GOTO 120".TO..."110 A
(NUM) = A(NUM) + 1: GOTO 20"..O..."120 P
RINT";Q$;"REDS=";Q$;"A(0)".!P..."130 PRI
NT";Q$;"BLUES=";Q$;"A(1)".SP..."140 PRIN
T";Q$;"YELLOWS=";Q$;"A(2)":. 5800:...P..
. ".REMEMBER TO USE UPPER CASE END TO ST
OP":."THE PROGRAM":...P...I.0.2:A(I).0:.
I..P .."WHICH COLOUR DO YOU PREFER":CO$.
"":."RED, BLUE OR YELLOW";COLOUR$..Q*.NU
M..2:.COLOUR$."RED".NUM.0.+Q4..COLOUR$."
BLUE".NUM.1.GQ>..COLOUR$."YELLOW".NUM.2.
AQH..COLOUR$."END".NUM..1.SQR..NUM..1..4
640..Q\.. NUM..1..4720. QF.A(NUM).A(NUM)
.1:.4640.YQP.."REDS=";A(0):."BLUES=";A(1
):."YELLOWS=";A(2):. 5640..RZ..:."NOTICE
THAT THE CODE HAS BECOME MORE".4R..."AW
KWARD. THIS IS OFTEN TRUE OF USER-".\R.
.."FRIENDLY PROGRAMS. HIGHER-LEVEL"..R.
.."LANGUAGES SUCH AS PASCAL OR C CAN"..R
..."OFTEN REMOVE THE AWKWARDNESS CAUSED
BY"..R..."MAKING PROGRAMS USER-FRIENDLY.
":...S..."THE PROGRAM NOW CAN READ IN TH
E".-S..."FAVOURITE COLOURS, BUT ONE NEED
S AN".[SJ.."IF STATEMENT FOR EACH COLOUR
. IN REAL"..ST.."LIFE, IF A PROGRAM TO
DO THIS WERE"..S..."NEEDED, MOST LIKELY
THE VERSION OF THE"..S..."PROGRAM WITH 0
=RED, 1=BLUE, AND SO ON"..T..."WOULD BE
USED IF THERE WERE A LARGE".8T..."NUMBER
OF COLOURS BECAUSE THE PROGRAM".]T..."I
S EASIER TO MAINTAIN.":. 5640..T...:."NO
W YOUR PROGRAM CAN PERSONALIZE ITS"..T..
."OUTPUT, JUST BY ASKING THE USER'S NAME
:"..T$..:." 10 INPUT";Q$;"WHAT IS YOUR N
AME?";Q$;";NAME$"..U...:."SO YOU CAN PER
SONALIZE MESSAGES, AND".FU8.."OTHER OUTP
UT, JUST BY USING THE"._UB.."VARIABLE NA
ME$.":...UL.."CHARACTER VARIABLES, LIKE
REAL"..UV.."VARIABLES, CAN BE CHANGED.
FOR EXAMPLE":...U`.." 10 SURNAM$ = ";Q$;
"WHITESIDE";Q$..UJ.." 20 NAME$ = ";Q$;"F
RED";Q$.2VT.." 30 FULL$ = NAME$ + ";Q$;"
";Q$;" + SURNAM$".\V~..:."BUT ONLY THRO
UGH 'ADDITION' (THE"..V..."OPERATION IS
CALLED CONCATENATION).":. 5640..V...:."I
N THIS TUTORIAL, WE'VE LOOKED AT"..V..."
ARRAYS, FOR-NEXT LOOPS, AND CHARACTER"..
W..."VARIABLES. NEXT LESSON, WE'LL ROUN
D OUT";.CW..."THE SERIES OF BASIC TUTORI
ALS WITH A".RW..."DISCUSSION OF SOME MOR
E ADVANCED TOPICS". WD.."INTRINSIC FUNCT
IONS, PRINTING CONTROL,".FWN.."MULTI-DIM
ENSIONAL ARRAYS, READ"..WX.."STATEMENTS,
PEEKS AND POKES, INTEGER"..X..."VARIABL
ES, ETC.":.:..%X..."UNTIL THEN....":..EX
..." .HAPPY.".JX..."
.COMPUTING."..X..."...WAIT
.. THERE'S MORE.....":. 5640.CX...:."AN
D HERE'S THIS LESSON'S LITTLE QUIZ"..X..
."ON THE MATERIAL OF THE TUTORIAL."..Y(.
.:."LET'S TRY SOME OF THOSE LOGICAL".3Y2
.."CONJUNCTIVES FIRST...":.._Y<.."WHAT D
O YOU THINK THAT THE FOLLOWING"..YF.."CO
DE SEGMENT WILL PRINT OUT?":..JYP.." 10
NUM = 136":." 20 IF NUM < 100 OR NUM > 1
50 THEN PRINT NUM"..ZZ.." 30 IF NUM < 15
0 AND NUM > 100 THEN PRINT NUM/100".8ZD.
." 40 END":A1$."1.36":A2$.A1$:.:."ANSWER
";:.5750.GZN..:."IF YOU ARE UNSURE ABOUT
WHAT IS MEANT"..ZX.."IN A LOGICAL EXPRE
SSION, TRY READING"..Z..."THE EXPRESSION
ALOUD.":.5640..Z...:."NOW WE'LL TRY AN
EXAMPLE WITH AN ARRAY."..[...:."HOW MANY
ELEMENTS (OR INDIVIDUAL ITEMS)".E[ .."A
RE THERE IN AN ARRAY DIMENSIONED AS ".K[
..."FOLLOWS:":.:." 10 DIM C(115)":...[..
A1$."116":A2$.A1$:."ANSWER";:. 5750:.:.C
[..."DON'T FORGET THAT THERE IS AN ELEME
NT"..[H.."NUMBERED 0 IE)C(0),C(1),...C(1
15) FOR"..\R.."A TOTAL OF 116 ELEMENTS":
. 5640..\....J\...:."HOW MANY TIMES IS T
HE FOLLOWING LOOP".^\..."EXECUTED ?":...
\..." 10 FOR I = 1.5 TO 6 STEP 1"..\..."
20 PRINT I"..\..." 30 NEXT I":..O\..A1$
."5":A2$.A1$:."ANSWER";:.5750:...\".."TH
E FOR LOOP COUNTER IS INCREMENTED AT".,]
,.."THE END, AND TESTED AT THE BEGINNING
OF".B]6.."THE LOOP, AFTER I HAS BEEN IN
CREMENTED.":. 5640..]@..:."AND NOW WE'LL
STAY IN CHARACTER BY....".B]J..:."WHAT
WILL THE CHARACTER VARIABLE NAME$"..]T..
"CONTAIN AFTER THE FOLLOWING BIT OF CODE
".3^^.."HAS BEEN EXECUTED:":.:A1$."SILLY
RABBIT":A2$."SILLY RABBIT".N^H.." 10 A$
= ";Q$;"SILLY";Q$:." 20 B$ = ";Q$;"RABB
IT";Q$..^R.." 30 NAME$ = A$ + ";Q$;" ";Q
$;" + B$":...^|.."ANSWER";:.5750:...^...
"DON'T FORGET THAT THE SPACE COUNTS!":.
5640.._...:."HERE'S THE LAST ONE, SO WAT
CH IT...".6_..."THIS ONE'S A LITTLE TRIC
KY.":..C_..."WHAT WILL THE FOLLOWING PIE
CE OF CODE".._..."PRINT OUT?":.:." 10 NU
M = 123":." 20 NUM$ = ";Q$;"TT";Q$.._...
" 30 IF NUM < 100 OR NUM$ = ";Q$;"123";Q
$;"THEN PRINT NUM/100".+`B.." 40 IF NUM
= 123 AND NUM$ <> ";Q$;"123";Q$;"THEN PR
INT NUM/10".L`L.." 50 IF NUM = 123 AND N
UM$ = ";Q$;"123";Q$;"THEN PRINT NUM"..`V
.." 60 END":.:A1$."12.3":A2$.A1$:."ANSWE
R";:. 5750.R`...:."ONLY THE SECOND CASE
IS TRUE...NUM=123"..`..." AND NUM$ <> ";
Q$;"123";Q$;".":. 5640. A...:.:."SEE YOU
NEXT LESSON...".9A... I.1.1000:.I:. 584
0.{A..SP.SP.1:."........................
.TYPE ANY KEY TO CONTINUE";..A...KEY$:.K
EY$."".5650..A...KEY$."_". 5840..A&..KEY
$."^".SP..2.SP.1..A0..KEY$."^".SP.2.SP.S
P.2..A:..".";:.53280,.(1).15.@BD.. SP .
110,240,460,610,820,1020,1260,1430,1510,
1710,1840,2000,2120,2320..BN..(SP.14).24
30,2550,2650,2800,2920,3130,3190,3260,34
60,3630,3750,3930.RBX..(SP.26).4100,4250
,4360,4490,4730,4880,5010,5140,5260,5340
,5440,5520..BB.. 5620..BL.."ERROR***ERRO
R***ERROR":...CV.NU.0:ANSW$."".IC..AN$."
":.AN$:. AN$.A1$.AN$.A2$.." .C
ORRECT":..^C...ANSW$."_". 5840..C..."NO.
.THAT'S NOT IT";:NU.NU.1:.NU.4.."..TRY A
GAIN";:.5760.DC...:."THE CORRECT ANSWER
IS...";A1$:...C..."TYPE ANY KEY TO EXECU
TE THE PROGRAM";..D...KEY$:.KEY$."".5810
..D...KEY$."_". 5840.$DF..:..7DP.. ".":
. 49152...
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