BASIC 1
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): BASIC 1
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 15.4K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 19:47:20
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
29cdac728e4690b61be4376da269abc7271f92d50e0aa13200802510844d9cde
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THE PHANTOM | BASIC 1 | PRG | Curtcool, Frank | 17 | 6 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
> DETECTED: COMMODORE BASIC PROGRAM (LOAD ADDRESS $0801)
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000039A0: 00 D3 41 10 0E 8D 33 37 36 30 3A 99 3A 99 22 D4 |..A...3760:.:.".|
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000039C0: 20 49 53 20 37 2E 2E 41 54 54 45 4D 50 54 20 54 | IS 7..ATTEMPT T|
000039D0: 48 45 22 00 0B 42 1A 0E 99 22 50 52 4F 47 52 41 |HE"..B..."PROGRA|
000039E0: 4D 20 59 4F 55 52 53 45 4C 46 20 41 4E 44 20 54 |M YOURSELF AND T|
000039F0: 52 59 20 54 4F 20 53 45 45 20 48 4F 57 20 49 54 |RY TO SEE HOW IT|
00003A00: 22 3A 99 22 57 4F 52 4B 53 2E 22 00 34 42 24 0E |":."WORKS.".4B$.|
00003A10: 99 22 C8 49 4E 54 3A 20 D0 52 45 54 45 4E 44 20 |.".INT: .RETEND |
00003A20: 59 4F 55 27 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 |YOU'RE THE COMPU|
00003A30: 54 45 52 22 00 67 42 2E 0E 99 22 41 4E 44 20 54 |TER".gB..."AND T|
00003A40: 52 59 20 54 4F 20 44 4F 20 54 48 45 20 4F 50 45 |RY TO DO THE OPE|
00003A50: 52 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 42 59 20 48 41 4E 44 2E |RATIONS BY HAND.|
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00003A70: 99 3A 99 3A 99 3A 99 22 D4 48 41 54 27 53 20 41 |.:.:.:.".HAT'S A|
00003A80: 4C 4C 20 46 4F 4C 4B 53 22 3A 99 3A 99 00 AF 42 |LL FOLKS":.:...B|
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00003AC0: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 |................|
00003AD0: 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 5E 20 D0 52 45 56 20 D3 43 |.......^ .REV .C|
00003AE0: 52 45 45 4E 3A 20 20 5F 20 D1 55 49 54 3A 20 20 |REEN: _ .UIT: |
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00003B50: 53 50 B2 31 00 6F 43 74 0E 8B 4B 45 59 24 B2 22 |SP.1.oCt..KEY$."|
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00003B80: 2C BB 28 31 29 AC 31 35 00 D4 43 88 0E 91 20 53 |,.(1).15..C... S|
00003B90: 50 89 37 30 2C 32 31 30 2C 33 34 30 2C 34 34 30 |P.70,210,340,440|
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00003BB0: 30 2C 31 32 33 30 2C 31 34 31 30 2C 31 35 35 30 |0,1230,1410,1550|
00003BC0: 2C 31 37 30 30 2C 31 38 33 30 2C 32 30 33 30 2C |,1700,1830,2030,|
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............. (C)GOLD DISK INC.$.....2..
.. BASIC 1.8.....W....53281,0:.".....":Q
$.G(34).V.... 10000=PAUSING SUBROUTINE..
.... 11000=ANSWER QUESTIONS SUBROUTINE.N
.(.. 12000=TYPE-ANYTHING-TO-EXECUTE SUBR
OUTINE...2.. BASIC TUTORIAL # 1...<.. BY
D.KEENAN AND F.WHITESIDE.7.F.SP.1:.".":
." .BASIC. .TUTORIAL".G.P..:.:
." BY D.KEENAN AND F.WHITESIDE":.:..
..Z.." WELCOME TO THE FIRST IN A THREE-
PART"...D.."TUTORIAL SERIES ON THE BASIC
"...N.."PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. THE FIRST
PART"...X.."WILL DEAL WITH SIMPLE .INPUT
/OUTPUT.,".?....".VARIABLES., .ASSIGNMEN
T STATEMENTS.,".B...."AND .CONDITIONAL B
RANCHES.."......:.:." SO SIT BACK AND
GET READY TO BEGIN...".H. ..:.".NOTE: IF
YOU TYPE THE '_' KEY THEN IT'S"......"
. BACK TO THE MAIN MENU WITH YOU. ".!.
..." .THE '^' KEY CAUSES THE TUTORIAL
".G...." .TO BACK UP ONE SCREEN".
Q.H..3660..R.." THE FIRST THING THAT
ONE MUST LEARN"......"TO DO WITH A COMPU
TER IS .COMMUNICATE".V...."(OR IN THE PA
RLANCE: USE INPUT AND"......"OUTPUT). TO
GET THE COMPUTER TO TALK TO".3...."YOU,
BASIC USES THE 'PRINT' STATEMENT.".L...
.:." HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A 'PRINT'":.
"STATEMENT:"......:..10);"PRINT ";Q$;"HI
";Q$:.:.......".NOTE THAT THE CHARACTERS
TO BE PRINTED"..."..".ARE IN QUOTATIONS
., MUCH THE WAY A"...,.."CONVERSATION IS
RECORDED IN A NOVEL.":..F.6.. "WHAT DO
YOU THINK THE PRINT STATEMENT"...@.."OF
THE EXAMPLE WILL PRINT OUT";:A1$."HI":A2
$."HI":.3760...J..3660...T..:..C.^.."THE
WORD 'PRINT' INDICATES THE ACTION"...H.
."TO BE TAKEN, PRINTING, AND THE"...R.."
QUOTATION MARKS INDICATE WHAT IS TO BE".
F.|.."PRINTED. .THE STATEMENT THUS TELL
S THE".S....".COMPUTER TO PRINT EVERYTHI
NG BETWEEN"......".THE QUOTATION MARKS O
NTO THE SCREEN.":..O...."PRINTING OUT ME
SSAGES IS NOT ALL THAT"......"A COMPUTER
IS ABOUT, THOUGH.":.......3660.-...." M
OST PEOPLE KNOW THE COMPUTER FOR ITS".V.
B.."TREMENDOUS CALCULATIONAL PROWESS.".{
.L.."FOR EXAMPLE, THE STATEMENT:":....V.
." PRINT 15+61":..B...."WHAT DO YO
U THINK THE COMPUTER WILL"......"PRINT O
UT FOR THIS EXAMPLE";:A1$."76":A2$.A1$:.
3760.&...."THE COMPUTER SHOWS THE NUMBER
'76'".W...."ON THE SCREEN. THIS IS DIF
FERENT FROM:":..Z...." PRINT ";Q$;"1
5+61";Q$:......."WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS
PRINT STATEMENT":."WILL DISPLAY";.W...A1
$."15+61":A2$.A1$:.3760...&..".WHEN WE O
MIT THE QUOTATION MARKS, THE".,.0..".COM
PUTER DOES THE CALCULATION.".X.:.." THI
S LEADS US IMMEDIATELY INTO THE".|.D.."R
EALM OF ARITHMETIC...":.3660...N..".IN B
ASIC., AS IN MOST COMPUTER LANGUAGES".X.
X..".THE FOLLOWING SYMBOLS ARE USED FOR"
...B..".ARITHMETIC:":." +...ADDITI
ON".!.L.." -...SUBTRACTION".B.V.."
*...MULTIPLICATION".]...."
/...DIVISION".~...." ^...EXPONENTI
ATION"......" ARMED WITH THIS KNOWLEDGE
, WE CAN"......"QUICKLY DISCOVER THE SPE
ED OF OUR":."COMPUTER."......:." PRINT
(128+17)/27+18*3":..2...." ALMOST IMMEDI
ATELY RETURNS THE CORRECT".A...."ANSWER
59.3703704. ALL VERY INTERESTING"...F.."
YOU SAY, BUT OF LITTLE PRACTICAL BENEFIT
"...P..3660.G.Z.."BUT NOW BY COMBINING T
HE TWO THINGS,"......"TEXT AND CALCULATI
ON, INTO ONE LINE, WE"......"CAN DO THE
FOLLOWING:":..O...."PRINT ";Q$;"$1000 @1
%/MONTH=";Q$;";1000*(1+.01)^12".[....:.3
810......:."$1000 @1%/MONTH=";1000.(1..0
1).12:.......:."THIS STATEMENT CAN BE US
ED TO QUICKLY"... .."CALCULATE COMPOUND
INTEREST OR, BY"...*.."SUBSTITUTING AN A
PPROPRIATE FORMULA,".7.4.."THE AMOUNT LE
FT IN A MORTGAGE, ETC.".I.>..:." .NOTE
...THE SEMI-COLON ';' IS USED TO"...H.."
.SEPERATE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF A PRINT"
:." .STATEMENT"...R..3660...\.."
SO WE CAN NOW MAKE OUR COMPUTER TELL US"
...F.."SOMETHING WE DIDN'T KNOW ALREADY.
":..A.P.."THE PROBLEM WITH THE LAST PRIN
T STATE-".L.Z.."MENT IS THAT IT'S ONLY G
OOD FOR ONE"......"THING: CALCULATING TH
E COMPOUND INTEREST";.L...."ON $1000 AT
1% PER MONTH FOR 12 MONTHS."......"SOME
WOULD CALL THIS .OVER-SPECIALIZATION".,.
..."CLEARLY, IT WOULD BE NICE TO HAVE IT
DO".Z...."MORE THAN ONE CALCULATION. AL
SO, IT IS"......"VERY TIME CONSUMING AND
INEFFICIENT TO"......"HAVE MANY STATEME
NTS OF THE FORM:":....J.."PRINT ";Q$;"$1
000 @2%/MONTH=";Q$;";1000*(1+.02)^12".'.
T.."PRINT ";Q$;"$1000 @5%/MONTH=";Q$;";1
000*(1+.05)^12".A...."PRINT ";Q$;"$5000
@7%/MONTH=";Q$;";5000*(1+.07)^12".G.....
....."WE NEED SOMETHING MORE FLEXIBLE, A
ND"......"THAT LEADS US TO .VARIABLES.."
:. 3660......"THE NUMBERS THAT WE HAVE E
NCOUNTERED SO"......"FAR ARE KNOWN COLLE
CTIVELY AS .CONSTANTS".L...."FOR THE SIM
PLE REASON THAT THEY ALWAYS".Z.$.."MEAN
THE SAME, CONSTANT, THING. IF YOU"......
"TYPE THE NUMBER 18.47 INTO THE COMPUTER
".U.8.."IT KNOWS WHICH NUMBER YOU MEAN..
.THE"...B.."NUMBER REMAINS CONSTANT.":..
'.L.."IT WOULD BE CONVENIENT TO HAVE .A
NUMBER".W.V..".THAT MEANS MANY THINGS TO
THE COMPUTER,"...`.."THOUGH, AND THESE
CONSTRUCTS ARE CALLED"...J..".VARIABLES.
. TO AVOID CONFUSION WITH"...T.."CONSTAN
TS, .VARIABLES. ARE REFERRED TO BY"...~.
.".NAMES. WHICH .MUST BEGIN WITH A LETTE
R.":..B...."THUS WE MAY HAVE A VARIABLE
NAMED A1.".P....".BASIC ALLOWS ANY NUMBE
R OF CHARACTERS"......".IN A VARIABLE NA
ME, BUT ONLY THE FIRST".N....".TWO COUNT
. (EG. TONY AND TOKEN ARE THE"......"SAM
E VARIABLE TO BASIC BECAUSE IT"......"IG
NORES EVERYTHING AFTER THE O).".).D..366
0.X.N.."WHEN BASIC ENCOUNTERS A VARIABLE
NAME, "...X.."IT GOES INTO ITS MEMORY T
O FIND A SPOT"......"WITH THAT NAME, AND
IF IT DOESN'T FIND"......"ONE, IT MAKES
ONE. SO THERE WILL BE A"......"SPOT IN
MEMORY LABELLED A1. .YOU CAN".?....".TH
INK OF IT AS SOMETHING LIKE A MAILBOX.".
J...."WHEN YOU REFER TO A1, BASIC FINDS
A"......"MAILBOX LABELLED A1 AND USES WH
ATEVER".F...."IS INSIDE. IF YOU HAVEN'T
PUT ANYTHING "...(.."INSIDE YET, BASIC P
UTS IN A ZERO.":..5.2.."SO, IF IN THE FI
RST LINE:":.:." PRINT ";Q$;"H
I";Q$.B.<..:."THE QUOTES WERE MISSING, T
HEN BASIC"...F.."WOULD PRINT 0 BECAUSE
IT WOULD THINK"...P.."YOU MEANT THE VAR
IABLE HI AND THERE WAS"...Z.."NOTHING IN
MAILBOX HI. BUT HOW DOES"...D.."ONE PUT
SOMETHING INTO THE MAILBOX ?".C.N.."AH-
HAH! WELL, THAT IS THE .ASSIGNMENT".].X.
.".STATEMENT.":. 3660......"HERE IS A BA
SIC ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT:"......:."
LET A1 = 107":..Y....".THIS TELLS
BASIC THAT YOU WANT THE".. ..".VALUE 1
07 PUT INTO THE MAILBOX A1.. IF".3 ..."W
E NOW PRINT A1, WE SHOULD GET 107.".B ..
."WE SHOULD PUT NUMBERS ONTO THESE STATE
-".. ..."MENTS TO SEE WHAT ORDER THEY GO
IN, AND".. H.."TO MAKE THEM A PROGRAM.
THUS:".R R..:." 10 LET A1 = 107.. ...
" 20 PRINT A1":... ...3810..!...:A1.1
07:.A1:..7!..."NOW LET US BECOME MORE AD
VENTUROUS, AND".Y!..."TRY SOMETHING NEW.
..":.3660.V!...:." 10 LET A1 = 107"..
!..." 20 PRINT A1"..!".." 30 LET A
1 = A1 + 1".B!,.." 40 PRINT A1".N!6..
:.3810..!@..:A1.107:.A1:A1.A1.1:.A1:..."
J..:."NOTICE STATEMENT NUMBER 30. .THIS
SAYS".L"T..".ADD ONE TO THE VALUE NOW IN
A1 AND PUT".Z"^..".IT BACK INTO THE MAI
LBOX LABELLED A1.".."H.."SINCE A1 WAS 10
7, A1+1 = 108 AND BASIC".X"R.."PUTS 108
INTO THE MAILBOX A1. .THE POINT"..#|..".
IS THAT THE '=' DOES NOT MEAN 'EQUALS'."
.7#...".IT MEANS 'PUT INTO THE MAILBOX'.
. THIS".E#..."POINT NEEDS TO BE CLEAR HE
RE, AS IT IS".~#..."IMPORTANT.":. 3660..
#..."NOW, IF YOU'VE EVER LOOKED AT A BAS
IC".U#..."PROGRAM, CHANCES ARE YOU WILL
HAVE"..$..."ALMOST NEVER SEEN THE WORD L
ET. THERE".1$B.."IS A REASON FOR THIS: B
ASIC ALLOWS LAZY".^$L.."PROGRAMMERS TO O
MIT THE WORD LET, AND"..$V.."SIMPLY ASSU
ME THAT IT IS THERE. THUS:":...$..."
10 A1 = 107"..$..." 20 PRINT A1".U$..
." 30 A1 = A1 + 1"..$..." 40 PRINT
A1":...%..."NOW STATEMENT 30 LOOKS SILL
Y, AND IS".F%..."MATHEMATICALLY NONSENSE
, BUT YOU AND".N%..."BASIC KNOW WHAT IS
MEANT.":. 3660..%&.."NOW THAT WE KNOW VA
RIABLES, WE CAN DO"..%0.."THE FOLLOWING:
":..H%:.." 10 A1 = 1000"..%D.." 20 B2 =
0.01"..&N.." 30 PRINT ";Q$;"$";Q$;";A1;"
Q$;.1&X.."@";Q$;";B2*100;";Q$;";%/MONTH=
";Q$;";";.G&B.."A1*(1+B2)^12":..`&L..381
0:A1.1000:B2..01..&V.."$";A1;"@";B2.100;
"%/MONTH=";A1.(1.B2).12..&....D&...".HER
E WE'VE JUST PUT VARIABLES IN PLACE"..&.
..".OF THE CONSTANTS WE USED PREVIOUSLY.
"..'..."THIS IS CERTAINLY BETTER THAN A
NEW".I'..."PRINT STATEMENT FOR EVERY CAS
E, SINCE".X'..."WE MERELY HAVE TO CHANGE
THE ASSIGNMENT"..'..."STATEMENTS, BUT I
T WOULD BE NICE TO BE".O'F.."ABLE TO TEL
L THE PROGRAM WHAT THE"..'P.."VALUES ARE
INSTEAD OF CHANGING THE".&(Z.."PROGRAM.
AND THAT LEADS TO THE .INPUT".J(..."PAR
T OF COMMUNICATION.":.3660.U(...".WE REQ
UIRE A METHOD OF TELLING THE"..(...".COM
PUTER WHAT TO PUT INTO A VARIABLE".R(...
".'MAILBOX'., AND THE STATEMENT WE USE I
S"..)..."CALLED THE INPUT STATEMENT. IT
WORKS AS"..)..."FOLLOWS:":..J) ..:." 10
INPUT ";Q$;"ENTER THE PRINCIPAL";Q$;";A
1".T)*..:.3810:.:."ENTER THE PRINCIPAL";
A1:...)4..:."NOTE THE CLEVER WAY BASIC P
RINTS OUT".R)>.."THE TEXT YOU SUPPLY (CA
LLED A .PROMPT.)."..)H.."THIS IS TO ENSU
RE THAT YOU REMEMBER".,*R.."WHAT THE PRO
GRAM IS DOING AT SOME LATER".?*\.."DATE.
":.3660.G*F..:."NOW WE CAN TRY THIS PROG
RAM:":...*P.." 10 INPUT";Q$;"ENTER THE P
RINCIPAL";Q$;";A1"..*Z.." 20 INPUT";Q$;"
ENTER THE FRACTIONAL INTEREST RATE";Q$;"
;B2"..+..." 30 PRINT ";Q$;"$";Q$;";A1;"Q
$;.0+..."@";Q$;";B2*100;";Q$;";%/MONTH="
;Q$;";";.F+..."A1*(1+B2)^12":..R+...3810
:..P+..."ENTER THE PRINCIPAL";A1..+..."E
NTER THE FRACTIONAL INTEREST RATE";B2.L+
..."$";A1;"@";B2.100;"%/MONTH=";A1.(1.B2
).12.R+J....+T.."WHEN THIS IS RUN, WE FI
ND THAT WE'VE"./,..."CREATED A MUCH MORE
USEFUL PROGRAM.":.3660.9,...:.:..L,...:
.: ."PITY THAT WE HAVE TO RUN IT OVER AG
AIN"..,..."FOR DIFFERENT CALCULATIONS. I
T WOULD BE".G,..."REALLY NICE TO BE ABLE
TO REPEAT THE"..,..."CALCULATION MANY T
IMES. .THIS LEADS US".%-...".DIRECTLY TO
THE FIRST CONTROL STATEMENT".@-$.."....
THE GOTO.":.3660.L-..."THE GOTO STATEMEN
T IS VERY SIMPLE.":...-8.." 10 PRINT
";Q$;"HI";Q$..-B.." 20 GOTO 10":..O-
L.."IT'S NOT TOO HARD TO SEE THAT THIS".
.-V.."PROGRAM WILL KEEP ON PRINTING OUT
HI...".+.`.."FOREVER. BUT WE CAN STILL I
NCORPORATE".I.J.."IT INTO OUR PROGRAM:":
..|.T.." 10 INPUT";Q$;"ENTER THE PRINCIP
AL";Q$;";A1"...~.." 20 INPUT";Q$;"ENTER
THE INTEREST RATE";Q$;";B2"......" 30 PR
INT";Q$;"$";Q$;";A1;";Q$;"@";Q$;../...";
B2*100;";Q$;"%/MONTH=";Q$;";A1*(1+B2)^12
".&/..." 40 GOTO 10":..U/..."NOW WE COUL
D RUN IT, BUT SINCE IT WOULD"../..."NOT
STOP, THE TUTORIAL WOULD BE OVER,"../...
"SO INSTEAD WE'LL LEARN ONE MORE NEW".X/
D.."STATEMENT, .THE IF STATEMENT.":.3660
..0N..".THE IF STATEMENT IS. ALSO A CONT
ROL".30X.."STATEMENT, BUT WITH A DIFFERE
NCE: IT IS".O0...".CONDITIONAL.. THUS:".
Y0...:." 10 INPUT ";Q$;"TYPE A 2";Q$;";A
"..0..." 20 IF A = 2 THEN PRINT";Q$;"THA
NK-YOU";Q$.Z0..." 30 IF A <> 2 THEN PRIN
T";Q$;"NOT A 2";Q$..1...:."IN THIS PROGR
AM, WE ASK THE PERSON AT".81..."THE KEYB
OARD TO TYPE A 2. WE STORE WHAT".E1..."I
S TYPED IN MAILBOX A. NOW THE IF ..."..1
(..".IF A EQUALS 2 THEN PRINT THANK-YOU.
: IT".D12.."DOES EXACTLY WHAT IT SAYS. .
IF A IS NOT"..1<..".EQUAL TO 2 THEN PRIN
T NOT A 2."..2F..:.3810:."TYPE A 2";A:.A
.2.."THANK-YOU".-2P.. A..2.."NOT A 2".72
Z..3660.G2D..:."THE SYMBOL <> MEANS 'IS
NOT EQUAL TO'."..2N.."IT IS A RELATIONAL
OPERATOR. .THE COMMON"..2X..".RELATIONA
L OPERATORS ARE:".O2..." = EQUALS".
.2..." < IS LESS THAN"..3..." <=
IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO".23 .." >
IS GREATER THAN".]3..." >= IS GREA
TER THAN OR EQUAL TO"..3..." <> IS N
OT EQUAL TO":.3660..3..."WHEN WE RAN THE
LAST PROGRAM, THE".W3H.."MESSAGE THAT W
AS PRINTED DEPENDED ON"..4R.."WHAT YOU T
YPED IN. .WE CAN USE THIS TO".-4...".CON
TROL OUR PREVIOUS EXAMPLE:":..`4..." 10
INPUT";Q$;"ENTER THE PRINCIPAL";Q$;";A1"
..4..." 20 INPUT";Q$;"ENTER THE INTEREST
RATE";Q$;";B2".D4..." 30 PRINT";Q$;"$";
Q$;";A1;";Q$;"@";Q$;..4...";B2*100;";Q$;
"%/MONTH=";Q$;";A1*(1+B2)^12".&5..." 40
INPUT ";Q$;"TYPE A 1 TO STOP";Q$;";T3".K
5..." 50 IF T3 <> 1 THEN GOTO 10":...5".
."THIS WILL RUN UNTIL YOU STOP IT BY":."
TYPING A 1.":.3810..5,.."ENTER THE PRINC
IPAL";A1.U56.."ENTER THE FRACTIONAL INTE
REST RATE";B2..6@.."$";A1;"@";B2.100;"%/
MONTH=";A1.(1.B2).12.,6J.."TYPE A 1 TO S
TOP";T3:.T3..1..2860.66T..3660.`6^.."EAR
LIER WE SAW THE STATEMENT A=A+1"..6H.."C
AUSED A TO HAVE A VALUE OF 1 GREATER"..6
R.."AFTER WE EXECUTE IT THAN BEFORE. NOW
"..6|.."CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING PROGRAM T
O ADD"..7..."UP THE NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10
INCLUSIVE.":..+7..." 10 SUM = 0".>7..
." 20 I = 1".Y7..." 30 SUM = SUM + I
".P7..." 40 I = I + 1"..7..." 50 IF
I < 10 THEN GOTO 30"..7B.." 60 PRINT S
UM".V7L..:."HERE WE USE THE VARIABLE I I
N TWO"..8V.."CAPACITIES. IN ITS FIRST RO
LE, .IT IS A".68...".COUNTER. OF HOW MAN
Y TIMES WE GO BACK TO".F8..."30. .IT IS
ALSO THE AMOUNT WE ADD TO OUR"..8...".TO
TAL. OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO TEN.":...8..
."WHICH CONDITION SHOULD WE HAVE IN THE"
..8..."IF STATEMENT ABOVE TO MAKE SURE W
E ADD"..9..."UP ALL THE NUMBERS FROM 1 T
O 10:":..29..." < 10 OR <= 10";.Y9&.A
1$."<=10":A2$."<= 10":.3760:.3660..90..:
."THE STATEMENTS COVERED SO FAR ARE"..9:
.."SUFFICIENT AND NECESSARY TO PROGRAM".
.9D.."MOST ANY APPLICATION. THESE FEW SI
MPLE"..:N.."STATEMENTS AND IDEAS ARE ENO
UGH TO".3:X.."ALLOW YOU TO DO ALMOST ANY
THING THAT".R:B.."BASIC ALLOWS YOU TO DO
."..:L..:.:." IN THE NEXT TUTORIAL,
WE WILL".G:V.."DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF AR
RAYS, THE":."FOR...NEXT LOOP, AND THE";.
.:..." CARE AND":."HANDLING OF CHARACTER
STRINGS."..;...:.:." UNTIL THEN......
.".D;...:." .HAPPY COMPUTING":.
3660.Q;..."NOW WE'RE GOING TO HAVE A SHO
RT QUIZ,"..;..."BUT DON'T WORRY...IT'S V
ERY BASIC....".O;...:.:."WHAT DO YOU THI
NK THE FOLLOWING BASIC"..<..."PROGRAM WI
LL PRINT OUT?":.:." 10 A = 15":.D<F.."
20 PRINT ";Q$;"A=";Q$;";A":.:A1$."A=1
5":A2$."A=15":."AN";.]<P.."SWER";:.3760:
.3660..<Z..:."HOW ABOUT THE NEXT LITTLE
PROGRAM":..L<..." 10 PRINT ";Q$;"9+18=
";Q$;";9+28":.:A1$."9+18=37":A2$.A1$..<.
.."ANSWER";:.3760:...=..."NOTICE THAT TH
E COMPUTER PRINTED OUT".>=..."SOMETHING
THAT WAS NOT CORRECT. THIS IS".K=..."AN
EXAMPLE OF THE COMPUTER DOING ONLY"..=..
."WHAT IT IS TOLD. THE ERROR IS IN THE".
.= .."PROGRAMMING.":.3660.W=*.."LET'S GE
T AWAY FROM THE PRINT "..>4.."STATEMENT
AND LOOK AT SOME VARIABLE"..>>.."MANIPUL
ATION.":..C>H.."WHAT DO YOU THINK THE VA
LUE OF THE".O>R.."VARIABLE NAMED A1 WILL
BE AFTER LINE"..>\.."NUMBER 20 HAS BEEN
EXECUTED":.:." 10 A1 = 14.6"..>F.."
20 A1 = A1*2":.:A1$."29.2":A2$.A1$:."AN
SWER";:.3760..>P..3660..?Z.."CONSIDER TH
E FOLLOWING PROGRAM:":..W?..." 10 FJW
= 1956":." 20 DEK = 1965":." 30 FJM
= 1962".V?..." 40 DEK = DEK - FJW":...
?..."WHAT DO YOU THINK THE VALUE OF DEK
WILL".V?..."BE AFTER LINE 40";:A1$."3":A
2$.A1$:.3760:...@..."NOTICE THAT THE VAR
IABLES FJW AND FJM".'@..."ARE THE SAME T
O BASIC.":.3660.N@..."AND NOW FOR LOOPIN
G STRUCTURES.".W@J.."THE FOLLOWING PROGR
AM WILL LOOP A"..@T.."CERTAIN NUMBER OF
TIMES. THE QUESTION".M@..."IS...HOW MANY
TIMES WILL IT LOOP."..@..."TO BE CLEAR.
..HOW MANY LINES OF 'HI'".'A..."WILL BE
PRINTED OUT":.:." 10 NUM = 6".]A..."
20 PRINT ";Q$;"HI";Q$:." 30 NUM = NUM
- 1". A..." 40 IF NUM >= 0 THEN GOTO
20":.:A1$."7":A2$."7":."ANSWER";.SA...37
60:.:."THE ANSWER REALLY IS 7..ATTEMPT T
HE"..B..."PROGRAM YOURSELF AND TRY TO SE
E HOW IT":."WORKS.".4B$.."HINT: PRETEND
YOU'RE THE COMPUTER".GB..."AND TRY TO DO
THE OPERATIONS BY HAND.":.3660..B8..:.:
.:.:.:."THAT'S ALL FOLKS":.:...BB..I.1.3
000:.: . ".": . 12.4096..BL.SP.SP.1:."..
.......................^ PREV SCREEN: _
QUIT: SPACE T";..CM.."O CONT";. CV..KE
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3120,3230,3290,3370,3450,3520./D...(SP.2
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D..NU.0:ANSW$.""..D...ANSW$:. ANSW$.A1$.
ANSW$.A2$.." .CORRECT":...DD..
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OT IT";:NU.NU.1:.NU.4.."..TRY AGAIN";:.3
770..EX..:."THE CORRECT ANSWER IS...";A1
$:..HE..."TYPE ANY KEY TO EXECUTE THIS P
ROGRAM";.`E...KEY$:.KEY$."".3820.ZE...KE
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