T.ASCII ROUTINES
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): T.ASCII ROUTINES
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 4.7K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:12:10
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
32737f51ba49d47450dacc2cae2a7bee16c0f46b098232fc5dda84d437262d99
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 65 S 1 | T.ASCII ROUTINES | PRG | Sailor, Ganheden | 28 | 2 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 00 80 5E 55 3A 5A 45 52 4F 0D 20 20 20 C2 C1 D3 |..^U:ZERO. ...| 00000010: C9 C3 D3 3A 20 D2 C5 C1 C4 C9 CE C7 20 C1 CE C4 |...: ....... ...| 00000020: 20 D7 D2 C9 D4 C9 CE C7 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 0D 0D | ....... .......| 00000030: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 59 20 C6 45 | BY .E| 00000040: 4E 44 45 52 20 D4 55 43 4B 45 52 0D 0D 20 20 20 |NDER .UCKER.. | 00000050: 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 47 45 54 20 54 4F | .HEN YOU GET TO| 00000060: 20 42 45 20 41 4E 20 4F 4C 44 20 44 4F 47 20 4F | BE AN OLD DOG O| 00000070: 46 0D 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 45 52 20 59 |F.A PROGRAMMER Y| 00000080: 4F 55 20 54 45 4E 44 20 54 4F 20 46 4F 52 47 45 |OU TEND TO FORGE| 00000090: 54 20 48 4F 57 0D 4D 55 43 48 20 54 52 4F 55 42 |T HOW.MUCH TROUB| 000000A0: 4C 45 20 59 4F 55 20 48 41 44 20 42 41 43 4B 20 |LE YOU HAD BACK | 000000B0: 49 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 45 41 52 4C 59 20 44 41 59 |IN THE.EARLY DAY| 000000C0: 53 20 57 49 54 48 20 54 48 49 4E 47 53 20 59 4F |S WITH THINGS YO| 000000D0: 55 20 4E 4F 57 20 54 41 4B 45 0D 46 4F 52 20 47 |U NOW TAKE.FOR G| 000000E0: 52 41 4E 54 45 44 2E 20 20 CF 46 20 43 4F 55 52 |RANTED. .F COUR| 000000F0: 53 45 2C 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 0D |SE, PROGRAMMING.| 00000100: 43 41 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 53 20 54 41 4B 45 20 |CARTRIDGES TAKE | 00000110: 43 41 52 45 20 4F 46 20 41 20 4C 4F 54 20 4F 46 |CARE OF A LOT OF| 00000120: 20 54 48 45 0D 54 48 49 4E 47 53 20 54 48 41 54 | THE.THINGS THAT| 00000130: 20 55 53 45 44 20 54 4F 20 42 45 20 43 48 4F 52 | USED TO BE CHOR| 00000140: 45 53 2C 20 4C 49 4B 45 0D 41 50 50 45 4E 44 49 |ES, LIKE.APPENDI| 00000150: 4E 47 20 53 55 42 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 53 20 41 |NG SUBROUTINES A| 00000160: 4E 44 20 52 45 41 44 49 4E 47 0D 54 45 58 54 20 |ND READING.TEXT | 00000170: 46 49 4C 45 53 2E 20 20 C2 55 54 20 57 48 45 4E |FILES. .UT WHEN| 00000180: 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 4A 55 53 54 0D 42 45 | YOU ARE JUST.BE| 00000190: 47 49 4E 4E 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 44 45 4C 56 45 |GINNING TO DELVE| 000001A0: 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E | INTO PROGRAMMIN| 000001B0: 47 0D 59 4F 55 20 4D 41 59 20 4E 4F 54 20 48 41 |G.YOU MAY NOT HA| 000001C0: 56 45 20 41 20 43 41 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 2C 20 |VE A CARTRIDGE, | 000001D0: 4F 52 20 45 56 45 4E 0D 4B 4E 4F 57 20 57 48 49 |OR EVEN.KNOW WHI| 000001E0: 43 48 20 4F 4E 45 20 54 4F 20 42 55 59 2E 0D 0D |CH ONE TO BUY...| 000001F0: 20 20 20 20 C8 45 52 45 20 41 52 45 20 53 4F 4D | .ERE ARE SOM| 00000200: 45 20 54 52 49 43 4B 53 20 54 4F 20 4D 41 4B 45 |E TRICKS TO MAKE| 00000210: 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 20 45 41 53 |.PROGRAMMING EAS| 00000220: 49 45 52 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 4E 20 54 48 45 |IER... .N THE| 00000230: 20 45 41 52 4C 59 20 53 54 41 47 45 53 20 4F 46 | EARLY STAGES OF| 00000240: 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 20 59 4F 55 |.PROGRAMMING YOU| 00000250: 27 4C 4C 20 44 49 53 43 4F 56 45 52 20 54 48 41 |'LL DISCOVER THA| 00000260: 54 20 59 4F 55 0D 4F 46 54 45 4E 20 53 45 45 4D |T YOU.OFTEN SEEM| 00000270: 20 54 4F 20 42 45 20 45 4E 54 45 52 49 4E 47 20 | TO BE ENTERING | 00000280: 54 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 0D 43 4F 44 45 20 4F 56 |THE SAME.CODE OV| 00000290: 45 52 20 41 4E 44 20 4F 56 45 52 2E 20 20 C9 46 |ER AND OVER. .F| 000002A0: 20 59 4F 55 27 52 45 0D 54 48 49 4E 4B 49 4E 47 | YOU'RE.THINKING| 000002B0: 20 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 4C 59 20 28 4F 52 20 48 | CORRECTLY (OR H| 000002C0: 41 56 45 20 52 45 41 44 0D CD 41 55 52 49 43 45 |AVE READ..AURICE| 000002D0: 20 4F 52 20 CA 45 46 46 20 CA 4F 4E 45 53 27 20 | OR .EFF .ONES' | 000002E0: 41 52 54 49 43 4C 45 53 29 2C 0D 59 4F 55 27 4C |ARTICLES),.YOU'L| 000002F0: 4C 20 53 41 59 20 54 4F 20 59 4F 55 52 53 45 4C |L SAY TO YOURSEL| 00000300: 46 2C 20 22 C9 20 53 48 4F 55 4C 44 20 50 55 54 |F, ". SHOULD PUT| 00000310: 0D 54 48 49 53 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 41 20 53 55 42 |.THIS INTO A SUB| 00000320: 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 53 4F 20 C9 20 44 4F 4E |ROUTINE SO . DON| 00000330: 27 54 0D 48 41 56 45 20 54 4F 20 52 45 54 59 50 |'T.HAVE TO RETYP| 00000340: 45 20 49 54 20 53 4F 20 4D 55 43 48 2E 22 0D 0D |E IT SO MUCH."..| 00000350: 20 20 20 20 C5 56 45 4E 54 55 41 4C 4C 59 20 59 | .VENTUALLY Y| 00000360: 4F 55 27 4C 4C 20 53 41 59 2C 20 22 C9 20 53 48 |OU'LL SAY, ". SH| 00000370: 4F 55 4C 44 0D 48 41 56 45 20 41 20 43 4F 4C 4C |OULD.HAVE A COLL| 00000380: 45 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 53 45 0D |ECTION OF THESE.| 00000390: 53 55 42 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 53 20 53 41 56 45 |SUBROUTINES SAVE| 000003A0: 44 20 41 53 20 46 49 4C 45 53 20 53 4F 20 C9 20 |D AS FILES SO . | 000003B0: 43 41 4E 0D 4A 55 53 54 20 41 44 44 20 54 48 45 |CAN.JUST ADD THE| 000003C0: 4D 20 54 4F 20 4D 59 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 |M TO MY PROGRAM | 000003D0: 57 48 45 4E 0D 4E 45 45 44 45 44 2E 22 0D 0D 20 |WHEN.NEEDED.".. | 000003E0: 20 20 20 C2 55 54 20 48 4F 57 20 43 41 4E 20 59 | .UT HOW CAN Y| 000003F0: 4F 55 20 41 44 44 20 41 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 |OU ADD A ROUTINE| 00000400: 20 54 4F 0D 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 43 55 | TO.A PROGRAM CU| 00000410: 52 52 45 4E 54 4C 59 20 49 4E 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 |RRENTLY IN MEMOR| 00000420: 59 3F 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 52 45 20 41 52 |Y?.. .HERE AR| 00000430: 45 20 53 45 56 45 52 41 4C 20 57 41 59 53 2E 0D |E SEVERAL WAYS..| 00000440: 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4F 4E 45 20 4D 4F 53 |. .HE ONE MOS| 00000450: 54 20 4F 46 54 45 4E 20 57 52 49 54 54 45 4E 20 |T OFTEN WRITTEN | 00000460: 41 42 4F 55 54 0D 49 4E 56 4F 4C 56 45 53 20 41 |ABOUT.INVOLVES A| 00000470: 20 43 4F 55 50 4C 45 20 4F 46 20 D0 CF CB C5 53 | COUPLE OF ....S| 00000480: 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 4D 4F 56 45 0D 54 48 45 20 | WHICH MOVE.THE | 00000490: 53 54 41 52 54 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 55 |START OF ..... U| 000004A0: 50 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 0D |P TO THE END OF.| 000004B0: 54 48 45 20 43 55 52 52 45 4E 54 20 50 52 4F 47 |THE CURRENT PROG| 000004C0: 52 41 4D 2C 20 CC CF C1 C4 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 |RAM, ....ING THE| 000004D0: 0D 53 55 42 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 28 57 48 49 |.SUBROUTINE (WHI| 000004E0: 43 48 20 CD D5 D3 D4 20 42 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 |CH .... BE NUMBE| 000004F0: 52 45 44 0D 48 49 47 48 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 |RED.HIGHER THAN | 00000500: 54 48 45 20 48 49 47 48 45 53 54 20 4C 49 4E 45 |THE HIGHEST LINE| 00000510: 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 0D 4D 41 49 4E 20 50 52 4F | OF THE.MAIN PRO| 00000520: 47 52 41 4D 29 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 20 44 4F 49 4E |GRAM), THEN DOIN| 00000530: 47 20 53 4F 4D 45 20 4D 4F 52 45 0D D0 CF CB C5 |G SOME MORE.....| 00000540: 53 2E 2E 2E 20 20 C9 27 56 45 20 4E 45 56 45 52 |S... .'VE NEVER| 00000550: 20 55 53 45 44 20 54 48 49 53 20 4D 45 54 48 4F | USED THIS METHO| 00000560: 44 0D 41 4E 44 20 43 41 4E 27 54 20 52 45 4D 45 |D.AND CAN'T REME| 00000570: 4D 42 45 52 20 49 54 20 4F 46 46 48 41 4E 44 2E |MBER IT OFFHAND.| 00000580: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CD 59 20 4D 41 49 4E 20 52 45 |.. .Y MAIN RE| 00000590: 41 53 4F 4E 20 46 4F 52 20 4E 4F 54 20 4C 49 4B |ASON FOR NOT LIK| 000005A0: 49 4E 47 20 49 54 0D 49 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 49 |ING IT.IS THAT I| 000005B0: 54 20 49 4E 56 4F 4C 56 45 53 20 46 49 47 55 52 |T INVOLVES FIGUR| 000005C0: 49 4E 47 20 4F 55 54 20 48 49 47 48 0D 42 59 54 |ING OUT HIGH.BYT| 000005D0: 45 53 20 41 4E 44 20 4C 4F 57 20 42 59 54 45 53 |ES AND LOW BYTES| 000005E0: 20 41 4E 44 20 49 54 20 4F 4E 4C 59 0D 41 4C 4C | AND IT ONLY.ALL| 000005F0: 4F 57 53 20 59 4F 55 20 54 4F 20 41 44 44 20 4C |OWS YOU TO ADD L| 00000600: 49 4E 45 53 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 C5 CE C4 20 |INES TO THE ... | 00000610: 4F 46 0D 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0D 0D 0D |OF.A PROGRAM....| 00000620: 20 20 20 20 C1 4E 4F 54 48 45 52 20 4D 45 54 48 | .NOTHER METH| 00000630: 4F 44 20 57 4F 52 4B 53 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 48 |OD WORKS LIKE TH| 00000640: 49 53 2E 0D C9 46 20 54 48 45 20 52 4F 55 54 49 |IS...F THE ROUTI| 00000650: 4E 45 20 49 53 20 53 48 4F 52 54 20 45 4E 4F 55 |NE IS SHORT ENOU| 00000660: 47 48 20 54 4F 20 46 49 54 0D 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 |GH TO FIT.ON THE| 00000670: 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 20 45 41 53 49 4C 59 2C 20 | SCREEN EASILY, | 00000680: 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 D3 C1 D6 C5 0D 59 4F 55 |YOU CAN .....YOU| 00000690: 52 20 42 49 47 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2C 20 CC |R BIG PROGRAM, .| 000006A0: CF C1 C4 20 54 48 45 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 0D |... THE ROUTINE.| 000006B0: 41 4E 44 20 CC C9 D3 D4 20 49 54 2C 20 54 48 45 |AND .... IT, THE| 000006C0: 4E 20 CC CF C1 C4 20 54 48 45 20 42 49 47 0D 50 |N .... THE BIG.P| 000006D0: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 41 4E 44 20 4D 4F 56 45 20 |ROGRAM AND MOVE | 000006E0: 59 4F 55 52 20 43 55 52 53 4F 52 20 4F 56 45 52 |YOUR CURSOR OVER| 000006F0: 20 54 48 45 0D 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 27 53 20 4C | THE.ROUTINE'S L| 00000700: 49 4E 45 53 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 |INES ON THE SCRE| 00000710: 45 4E 2C 0D 50 52 45 53 53 49 4E 47 20 D2 C5 D4 |EN,.PRESSING ...| 00000720: D5 D2 CE 2C 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 45 4E 54 45 52 |..., WHICH ENTER| 00000730: 53 20 54 48 45 0D 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 49 4E 54 4F |S THE.LINES INTO| 00000740: 20 59 4F 55 52 20 42 49 47 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 | YOUR BIG PROGRA| 00000750: 4D 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 44 52 41 57 |M... .HE DRAW| 00000760: 42 41 43 4B 20 54 4F 20 54 48 49 53 20 4D 45 54 |BACK TO THIS MET| 00000770: 48 4F 44 20 49 53 0D 54 48 41 54 20 57 49 54 48 |HOD IS.THAT WITH| 00000780: 4F 55 54 20 41 20 43 41 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 20 |OUT A CARTRIDGE | 00000790: 28 4F 52 20 46 41 53 54 4C 4F 41 44 0D 50 52 4F |(OR FASTLOAD.PRO| 000007A0: 47 52 41 4D 29 20 54 48 45 20 CC CF C1 C4 49 4E |GRAM) THE ....IN| 000007B0: 47 20 41 4E 44 20 D3 C1 D6 C5 49 4E 47 20 43 41 |G AND ....ING CA| 000007C0: 4E 0D 54 41 4B 45 20 41 20 4C 4F 54 20 4F 46 20 |N.TAKE A LOT OF | 000007D0: 54 49 4D 45 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CD 59 20 46 41 |TIME... .Y FA| 000007E0: 56 4F 52 49 54 45 20 4D 45 54 48 4F 44 2C 20 57 |VORITE METHOD, W| 000007F0: 48 49 43 48 20 C9 0D 4C 45 41 52 4E 45 44 20 46 |HICH ..LEARNED F| 00000800: 52 4F 4D 20 CA 45 46 46 20 CA 4F 4E 45 53 20 41 |ROM .EFF .ONES A| 00000810: 4E 44 20 CD 49 4B 45 0D CD 41 59 4E 41 52 44 2C |ND .IKE..AYNARD,| 00000820: 20 55 53 45 53 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 53 55 42 52 | USES ..... SUBR| 00000830: 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 53 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D7 48 |OUTINES... .H| 00000840: 45 4E 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 49 53 20 |EN A PROGRAM IS | 00000850: D3 C1 D6 C5 44 2C 20 49 54 27 53 0D 53 41 56 45 |....D, IT'S.SAVE| 00000860: 44 20 41 53 20 41 20 22 54 4F 4B 45 4E 49 5A 45 |D AS A "TOKENIZE| 00000870: 44 22 20 D0 D2 C7 20 46 49 4C 45 2E 0D D7 48 45 |D" ... FILE...HE| 00000880: 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 CC CF C1 C4 20 49 54 2C 20 49 |N YOU .... IT, I| 00000890: 54 20 45 46 46 45 43 54 49 56 45 4C 59 20 CE C5 |T EFFECTIVELY ..| 000008A0: D7 53 0D 59 4F 55 52 20 43 55 52 52 45 4E 54 20 |.S.YOUR CURRENT | 000008B0: 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 41 4E 44 20 CC CF C1 C4 |PROGRAM AND ....| 000008C0: 53 20 52 49 47 48 54 0D 4F 4E 20 54 4F 50 20 4F |S RIGHT.ON TOP O| 000008D0: 46 20 49 54 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 52 45 46 4F 52 45 |F IT. .HEREFORE| 000008E0: 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 27 54 0D 41 44 44 20 |, YOU CAN'T.ADD | 000008F0: 41 20 52 45 47 55 4C 41 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 |A REGULAR PROGRA| 00000900: 4D 20 54 4F 20 4F 4E 45 20 49 4E 0D 4D 45 4D 4F |M TO ONE IN.MEMO| 00000910: 52 59 20 57 49 54 48 4F 55 54 20 46 49 52 53 54 |RY WITHOUT FIRST| 00000920: 20 D3 C1 D6 C5 49 4E 47 20 59 4F 55 52 0D 43 55 | ....ING YOUR.CU| 00000930: 52 52 45 4E 54 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0D 0D |RRENT PROGRAM...| 00000940: 20 20 20 20 C2 55 54 20 57 48 41 54 20 49 46 20 | .UT WHAT IF | 00000950: 59 4F 55 20 57 45 52 45 20 54 4F 20 48 41 56 45 |YOU WERE TO HAVE| 00000960: 20 59 4F 55 52 0D 53 55 42 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 | YOUR.SUBROUTINE| 00000970: 53 20 D3 C1 D6 C5 44 20 41 53 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 |S ....D AS .....| 00000980: 20 46 49 4C 45 53 3F 0D D4 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 | FILES?..HEN YOU| 00000990: 20 43 4F 55 4C 44 20 4A 55 53 54 20 22 52 45 41 | COULD JUST "REA| 000009A0: 44 22 20 54 48 45 4D 20 46 52 4F 4D 0D 44 49 53 |D" THEM FROM.DIS| 000009B0: 4B 20 54 4F 20 59 4F 55 52 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E |K TO YOUR SCREEN| 000009C0: 2C 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 59 4F 55 20 43 4F 55 4C |, WHERE YOU COUL| 000009D0: 44 0D 44 4F 20 54 48 45 20 43 55 52 53 4F 52 2F |D.DO THE CURSOR/| 000009E0: D2 C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 20 54 48 49 4E 47 2C 20 45 4E |...... THING, EN| 000009F0: 54 45 52 49 4E 47 0D 54 48 45 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 |TERING.THE LINES| 00000A00: 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 59 4F 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 | INTO YOUR PROGR| 00000A10: 41 4D 2E 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 48 |AM..... .OU H| 00000A20: 41 56 45 20 54 4F 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 54 57 4F 20 |AVE TO KNOW TWO | 00000A30: 54 48 49 4E 47 53 3A 20 48 4F 57 0D 54 4F 20 53 |THINGS: HOW.TO S| 00000A40: 41 56 45 20 59 4F 55 52 20 53 55 42 52 4F 55 54 |AVE YOUR SUBROUT| 00000A50: 49 4E 45 20 41 53 20 41 4E 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 0D |INE AS AN ......| 00000A60: 46 49 4C 45 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 48 4F 57 20 54 4F |FILE, AND HOW TO| 00000A70: 20 52 45 41 44 20 41 4E 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 46 | READ AN ..... F| 00000A80: 49 4C 45 0D 46 52 4F 4D 20 44 49 53 4B 20 54 4F |ILE.FROM DISK TO| 00000A90: 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2E 20 20 C2 4F 54 48 20 41 | SCREEN. .OTH A| 00000AA0: 52 45 0D 4F 4E 45 2D 4C 49 4E 45 52 53 2E 0D 0D |RE.ONE-LINERS...| 00000AB0: D4 CF 20 D3 C1 D6 C5 20 C1 20 D2 CF D5 D4 C9 CE |.. .... . ......| 00000AC0: C5 20 C1 D3 20 C1 CE 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 C6 C9 |. .. .. ..... ..| 00000AD0: CC C5 3A 0D 0D 20 20 D7 52 49 54 45 20 59 4F 55 |..:.. .RITE YOU| 00000AE0: 52 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 4E |R ROUTINE. .HEN| 00000AF0: 2C 20 45 4E 54 45 52 0D 0D 20 4F 50 45 4E 38 2C |, ENTER.. OPEN8,| 00000B00: 38 2C 38 2C 22 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 2C 53 2C 57 |8,8,"ROUTINE,S,W| 00000B10: 22 3A 43 4D 44 38 3A 4C 49 53 54 0D 0D 20 20 D4 |":CMD8:LIST.. .| 00000B20: 48 45 20 44 52 49 56 45 20 4C 49 47 48 54 20 57 |HE DRIVE LIGHT W| 00000B30: 49 4C 4C 20 47 4F 20 4F 4E 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 |ILL GO ON AND TH| 00000B40: 45 0D 20 20 44 49 53 4B 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 57 48 |E. DISK WILL WH| 00000B50: 49 52 2E 20 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 47 45 |IR. .HEN YOU GE| 00000B60: 54 20 41 0D 20 20 22 52 45 41 44 59 22 20 50 52 |T A. "READY" PR| 00000B70: 4F 4D 50 54 2C 20 54 48 45 20 44 52 49 56 45 20 |OMPT, THE DRIVE | 00000B80: 4C 49 47 48 54 0D 20 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 53 54 49 |LIGHT. WILL STI| 00000B90: 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 4F 4E 2C 20 53 4F 20 45 4E 54 |LL BE ON, SO ENT| 00000BA0: 45 52 0D 0D 20 50 52 49 4E 54 23 38 3A 43 4C 4F |ER.. PRINT#8:CLO| 00000BB0: 53 45 38 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CE 4F 54 49 43 45 20 |SE8.. .OTICE | 00000BC0: C9 20 55 53 45 44 20 41 20 22 D3 22 20 52 41 54 |. USED A "." RAT| 00000BD0: 48 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 41 0D 22 D0 22 20 49 |HER THAN A."." I| 00000BE0: 4E 20 54 48 45 20 CF D0 C5 CE 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 |N THE .... COMMA| 00000BF0: 4E 44 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 0D 53 41 56 |ND. .OU CAN.SAV| 00000C00: 45 20 41 4E 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 46 49 4C 45 20 |E AN ..... FILE | 00000C10: 41 53 20 41 20 D0 D2 C7 2C 20 D3 C5 D1 20 4F 52 |AS A ..., ... OR| 00000C20: 0D D5 D3 D2 20 46 49 4C 45 2E 20 20 CA 55 53 54 |.... FILE. .UST| 00000C30: 20 55 53 45 20 D0 2C 20 D3 20 4F 52 20 D5 20 49 | USE ., . OR . I| 00000C40: 4E 20 59 4F 55 52 0D CF D0 C5 CE 20 43 4F 4D 4D |N YOUR..... COMM| 00000C50: 41 4E 44 2E 0D 0D D4 CF 20 D2 C5 C1 C4 20 C1 CE |AND..... .... ..| 00000C60: 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 C6 C9 CC C5 20 C6 D2 CF CD | ..... .... ....| 00000C70: 20 C4 C9 D3 CB 3A 0D 0D 20 20 C5 4E 54 45 52 20 | ....:.. .NTER | 00000C80: 54 48 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 4C 49 |THE FOLLOWING LI| 00000C90: 4E 45 20 49 4E 20 59 4F 55 52 0D 20 20 50 52 4F |NE IN YOUR. PRO| 00000CA0: 47 52 41 4D 20 41 53 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 30 2E 20 |GRAM AS LINE 0. | 00000CB0: 20 C9 4E 53 45 52 54 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 4B | .NSERT THE DISK| 00000CC0: 0D 20 20 57 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 |. WITH THE ....| 00000CD0: C9 20 46 49 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 D2 D5 CE 2E 0D |. FILE AND .....| 00000CE0: 0D 20 30 20 50 52 49 4E 54 22 5B 43 4C 52 2F 48 |. 0 PRINT"[CLR/H| 00000CF0: 4F 4D 45 5D 22 3B 3A 4F 50 45 4E 38 2C 38 2C 38 |OME]";:OPEN8,8,8| 00000D00: 2C 0D 20 20 20 20 22 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 2C 53 |,. "ROUTINE,S| 00000D10: 2C 52 22 3A 46 4F 52 49 3D 30 54 4F 31 3A 47 45 |,R":FORI=0TO1:GE| 00000D20: 54 23 38 2C 41 24 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 50 52 49 4E |T#8,A$:. PRIN| 00000D30: 54 41 24 3B 3A 49 3D 53 54 3A 4E 45 58 54 3A 43 |TA$;:I=ST:NEXT:C| 00000D40: 4C 4F 53 45 38 3A 45 4E 44 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 |LOSE8:END.. .| 00000D50: 48 45 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 |HE ROUTINE WILL | 00000D60: 42 45 20 54 45 4C 45 54 59 50 45 44 20 4F 55 54 |BE TELETYPED OUT| 00000D70: 0D 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2E 20 |.ON THE SCREEN. | 00000D80: 20 D3 49 4D 50 4C 59 20 4D 4F 56 45 20 54 48 45 | .IMPLY MOVE THE| 00000D90: 20 43 55 52 53 4F 52 0D 4F 56 45 52 20 54 48 45 | CURSOR.OVER THE| 00000DA0: 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 41 4E 44 20 45 4E 54 45 52 | LINES AND ENTER| 00000DB0: 20 54 48 45 4D 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 4E | THEM... .HEN| 00000DC0: 20 D2 C5 CD 20 4F 55 54 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 30 20 | ... OUT LINE 0 | 00000DD0: 28 4F 52 20 44 45 4C 45 54 45 20 49 54 0D 49 46 |(OR DELETE IT.IF| 00000DE0: 20 59 4F 55 27 52 45 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 20 | YOU'RE THROUGH | 00000DF0: 41 44 44 49 4E 47 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 0D 52 4F 55 |ADDING ......ROU| 00000E00: 54 49 4E 45 53 29 20 41 4E 44 20 43 4F 4E 54 49 |TINES) AND CONTI| 00000E10: 4E 55 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 2E |NUE PROGRAMMING.| 00000E20: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C4 4F 20 C9 20 41 43 54 55 41 |.. .O . ACTUA| 00000E30: 4C 4C 59 20 44 4F 20 54 48 49 53 3F 20 20 D7 45 |LLY DO THIS? .E| 00000E40: 4C 4C 2C 20 4E 4F 54 0D 52 45 41 4C 4C 59 2E 20 |LL, NOT.REALLY. | 00000E50: 20 C9 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 20 D7 41 52 50 20 D3 | . HAVE A .ARP .| 00000E60: 50 45 45 44 20 43 41 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 0D 57 |PEED CARTRIDGE.W| 00000E70: 48 49 43 48 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 53 20 4D 45 20 54 |HICH ALLOWS ME T| 00000E80: 4F 20 55 53 45 20 41 20 53 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 22 |O USE A SIMPLE "| 00000E90: 26 22 0D 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 54 4F 20 52 45 |&".COMMAND TO RE| 00000EA0: 41 44 20 41 4E 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 46 49 4C 45 |AD AN ..... FILE| 00000EB0: 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 48 41 |... .F YOU HA| 00000EC0: 56 45 20 41 20 4C 49 42 52 41 52 59 20 4F 46 20 |VE A LIBRARY OF | 00000ED0: C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 0D 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 53 2C 20 |......ROUTINES, | 00000EE0: 45 53 50 45 43 49 41 4C 4C 59 20 49 46 20 54 48 |ESPECIALLY IF TH| 00000EF0: 45 59 20 41 52 45 0D 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 45 44 20 |EY ARE.NUMBERED | 00000F00: 49 4E 20 41 4E 20 4F 52 47 41 4E 49 5A 45 44 20 |IN AN ORGANIZED | 00000F10: 57 41 59 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 0D 49 4E 43 |WAY, YOU CAN.INC| 00000F20: 4C 55 44 45 20 54 48 45 20 22 52 45 41 44 22 20 |LUDE THE "READ" | 00000F30: 4C 49 4E 45 20 49 4E 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 |LINE IN A PROGRA| 00000F40: 4D 0D 49 4E 20 49 54 53 20 45 41 52 4C 59 20 53 |M.IN ITS EARLY S| 00000F50: 54 41 47 45 53 20 41 4E 44 20 42 59 20 43 48 41 |TAGES AND BY CHA| 00000F60: 4E 47 49 4E 47 0D 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 |NGING.THE FILENA| 00000F70: 4D 45 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 CF D0 C5 CE 20 53 |ME IN THE .... S| 00000F80: 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 0D 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E |TATEMENT.YOU CAN| 00000F90: 20 52 45 41 44 20 49 4E 20 53 55 42 52 4F 55 54 | READ IN SUBROUT| 00000FA0: 49 4E 45 53 20 41 53 20 59 4F 55 0D 4E 45 45 44 |INES AS YOU.NEED| 00000FB0: 20 54 48 45 4D 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 53 59 4E 54 41 | THEM. .HE SYNTA| 00000FC0: 58 20 CF D0 C5 CE 38 2C 38 2C 38 2C C6 24 2B 0D |X ....8,8,8,.$+.| 00000FD0: 22 D3 2C D2 22 20 41 4C 53 4F 20 57 4F 52 4B 53 |".,." ALSO WORKS| 00000FE0: 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 27 56 45 20 49 4E 43 4C |... .'VE INCL| 00000FF0: 55 44 45 44 20 41 4E 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 46 49 |UDED AN ..... FI| 00001000: 4C 45 0D 43 41 4C 4C 45 44 20 22 41 53 43 49 49 |LE.CALLED "ASCII| 00001010: 20 49 4E 50 55 54 22 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 49 53 20 | INPUT" ON THIS | 00001020: 44 49 53 4B 0D 57 48 49 43 48 20 49 53 20 54 48 |DISK.WHICH IS TH| 00001030: 45 20 46 41 4D 4F 55 53 20 C7 C5 D4 20 52 4F 55 |E FAMOUS ... 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STA| 00001080: 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 2E 20 20 C9 54 27 53 0D 4E 55 |TEMENT. .T'S.NU| 00001090: 4D 42 45 52 45 44 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 35 30 30 30 |MBERED FROM 5000| 000010A0: 30 20 54 4F 20 35 30 30 38 30 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 |0 TO 50080... | 000010B0: 20 C1 4E 59 54 49 4D 45 20 59 4F 55 27 52 45 20 | .NYTIME YOU'RE | 000010C0: 54 45 4D 50 54 45 44 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 0D C9 |TEMPTED TO USE..| 000010D0: CE D0 D5 D4 20 D8 24 20 49 4E 20 41 20 50 52 4F |.... .$ IN A PRO| 000010E0: 47 52 41 4D 20 46 4F 52 20 CC CF C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 |GRAM FOR .......| 000010F0: D2 2C 0D 41 44 44 20 54 48 49 53 20 52 4F 55 54 |.,.ADD THIS ROUT| 00001100: 49 4E 45 20 54 4F 20 59 4F 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 |INE TO YOUR PROG| 00001110: 52 41 4D 20 41 4E 44 0D 43 41 4C 4C 20 49 54 20 |RAM AND.CALL IT | 00001120: 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 48 49 53 3A 0D 0D 20 20 31 30 |LIKE THIS:.. 10| 00001130: 30 20 4C 39 25 3D 31 36 3A 47 4F 53 55 42 35 30 |0 L9%=16:GOSUB50| 00001140: 30 30 30 3A 58 24 3D 51 39 24 0D 0D D4 48 45 20 |000:X$=Q9$...HE | 00001150: 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 4C |STRING WILL BE L| 00001160: 49 4D 49 54 45 44 20 54 4F 20 31 36 0D 43 48 41 |IMITED TO 16.CHA| 00001170: 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 2E 20 20 CF 4E 4C 59 20 56 |RACTERS. .NLY V| 00001180: 41 4C 49 44 20 55 50 50 45 52 2F 4C 4F 57 45 52 |ALID UPPER/LOWER| 00001190: 0D 43 41 53 45 20 4C 45 54 54 45 52 53 2C 20 4E |.CASE LETTERS, N| 000011A0: 55 4D 42 45 52 53 20 41 4E 44 20 47 52 41 50 48 |UMBERS AND GRAPH| 000011B0: 49 43 53 0D 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 41 43 43 45 |ICS.WILL BE ACCE| 000011C0: 50 54 45 44 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 |PTED... .HIS | 000011D0: 41 52 54 49 43 4C 45 20 4D 41 59 20 53 45 45 4D |ARTICLE MAY SEEM| 000011E0: 20 41 20 4C 49 54 54 4C 45 0D 54 45 43 48 4E 49 | A LITTLE.TECHNI| 000011F0: 43 41 4C 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 42 45 47 49 4E |CAL TO THE BEGIN| 00001200: 4E 49 4E 47 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 45 52 0D |NING PROGRAMMER.| 00001210: 42 55 54 20 49 54 27 53 20 47 4F 4F 44 20 54 4F |BUT IT'S GOOD TO| 00001220: 20 4C 45 41 52 4E 20 45 41 52 4C 59 20 54 48 45 | LEARN EARLY THE| 00001230: 0D 44 49 46 46 45 52 45 4E 43 45 20 42 45 54 57 |.DIFFERENCE BETW| 00001240: 45 45 4E 20 54 4F 4B 45 4E 49 5A 45 44 20 D0 D2 |EEN TOKENIZED ..| 00001250: C7 0D 46 49 4C 45 53 20 41 4E 44 20 53 54 52 41 |..FILES AND STRA| 00001260: 49 47 48 54 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 46 49 4C 45 53 |IGHT ..... FILES| 00001270: 2E 20 20 C9 54 27 53 0D 45 56 45 4E 20 42 45 54 |. .T'S.EVEN BET| 00001280: 54 45 52 20 54 4F 20 4C 45 41 52 4E 20 48 4F 57 |TER TO LEARN HOW| 00001290: 20 54 4F 0D 49 4E 54 45 52 43 48 41 4E 47 45 20 | TO.INTERCHANGE | 000012A0: 54 48 45 4D 20 41 53 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 2E 20 |THEM AS NEEDED. | 000012B0: 20 C9 20 57 49 53 48 20 C9 0D 48 41 44 20 4C 45 | . WISH ..HAD LE| 000012C0: 41 52 4E 45 44 20 49 54 20 57 41 59 20 42 41 43 |ARNED IT WAY BAC| 000012D0: 4B 20 57 48 45 4E 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |K WHEN... | 000012E0: 20 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 20 C5 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 D4 45 | **** .ND OF .E| 000012F0: 58 54 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 0D |XT ****. |
..^U:ZERO. BASICS: READING AND WRITING ASCII.. BY FENDER TUCKER.. WHEN YOU GET TO BE AN OLD DOG OF.A PROG RAMMER YOU TEND TO FORGET HOW.MUCH TROUB LE YOU HAD BACK IN THE.EARLY DAYS WITH T HINGS YOU NOW TAKE.FOR GRANTED. OF COUR SE, PROGRAMMING.CARTRIDGES TAKE CARE OF A LOT OF THE.THINGS THAT USED TO BE CHOR ES, LIKE.APPENDING SUBROUTINES AND READI NG.TEXT FILES. BUT WHEN YOU ARE JUST.BE GINNING TO DELVE INTO PROGRAMMING.YOU MA Y NOT HAVE A CARTRIDGE, OR EVEN.KNOW WHI CH ONE TO BUY... HERE ARE SOME TRICKS TO MAKE.PROGRAMMING EASIER... IN THE EARLY STAGES OF.PROGRAMMING YOU'LL DISC OVER THAT YOU.OFTEN SEEM TO BE ENTERING THE SAME.CODE OVER AND OVER. IF YOU'RE. THINKING CORRECTLY (OR HAVE READ.MAURICE OR JEFF JONES' ARTICLES),.YOU'LL SAY TO YOURSELF, "I SHOULD PUT.THIS INTO A SUB ROUTINE SO I DON'T.HAVE TO RETYPE IT SO MUCH.".. EVENTUALLY YOU'LL SAY, "I SH OULD.HAVE A COLLECTION OF THESE.SUBROUTI NES SAVED AS FILES SO I CAN.JUST ADD THE M TO MY PROGRAM WHEN.NEEDED.".. BUT H OW CAN YOU ADD A ROUTINE TO.A PROGRAM CU RRENTLY IN MEMORY?.. THERE ARE SEVERA L WAYS... THE ONE MOST OFTEN WRITTEN ABOUT.INVOLVES A COUPLE OF POKES WHICH M OVE.THE START OF BASIC UP TO THE END OF. THE CURRENT PROGRAM, LOADING THE.SUBROUT INE (WHICH MUST BE NUMBERED.HIGHER THAN THE HIGHEST LINE OF THE.MAIN PROGRAM), T HEN DOING SOME MORE.POKES... I'VE NEVER USED THIS METHOD.AND CAN'T REMEMBER IT OFFHAND... MY MAIN REASON FOR NOT LIK ING IT.IS THAT IT INVOLVES FIGURING OUT HIGH.BYTES AND LOW BYTES AND IT ONLY.ALL OWS YOU TO ADD LINES TO THE END OF.A PRO GRAM.... ANOTHER METHOD WORKS LIKE TH IS..IF THE ROUTINE IS SHORT ENOUGH TO FI T.ON THE SCREEN EASILY, YOU CAN SAVE.YOU R BIG PROGRAM, LOAD THE ROUTINE.AND LIST IT, THEN LOAD THE BIG.PROGRAM AND MOVE YOUR CURSOR OVER THE.ROUTINE'S LINES ON THE SCREEN,.PRESSING RETURN, WHICH ENTER S THE.LINES INTO YOUR BIG PROGRAM... THE DRAWBACK TO THIS METHOD IS.THAT WITH OUT A CARTRIDGE (OR FASTLOAD.PROGRAM) TH E LOADING AND SAVEING CAN.TAKE A LOT OF TIME... MY FAVORITE METHOD, WHICH I.L EARNED FROM JEFF JONES AND MIKE.MAYNARD, USES ASCII SUBROUTINES... WHEN A PRO GRAM IS SAVED, IT'S.SAVED AS A "TOKENIZE D" PRG FILE..WHEN YOU LOAD IT, IT EFFECT IVELY NEWS.YOUR CURRENT PROGRAM AND LOAD S RIGHT.ON TOP OF IT. THEREFORE, YOU CA N'T.ADD A REGULAR PROGRAM TO ONE IN.MEMO RY WITHOUT FIRST SAVEING YOUR.CURRENT PR OGRAM... BUT WHAT IF YOU WERE TO HAVE YOUR.SUBROUTINES SAVED AS ASCII FILES?. THEN YOU COULD JUST "READ" THEM FROM.DIS K TO YOUR SCREEN, WHERE YOU COULD.DO THE CURSOR/RETURN THING, ENTERING.THE LINES INTO YOUR PROGRAM..... YOU HAVE TO K NOW TWO THINGS: HOW.TO SAVE YOUR SUBROUT INE AS AN ASCII.FILE, AND HOW TO READ AN ASCII FILE.FROM DISK TO SCREEN. BOTH A RE.ONE-LINERS...TO SAVE A ROUTINE AS AN ASCII FILE:.. WRITE YOUR ROUTINE. THEN , ENTER.. OPEN8,8,8,"ROUTINE,S,W":CMD8:L IST.. THE DRIVE LIGHT WILL GO ON AND TH E. DISK WILL WHIR. WHEN YOU GET A. "R EADY" PROMPT, THE DRIVE LIGHT. WILL STI LL BE ON, SO ENTER.. PRINT#8:CLOSE8.. NOTICE I USED A "S" RATHER THAN A."P" I N THE OPEN COMMAND. YOU CAN.SAVE AN ASC II FILE AS A PRG, SEQ OR.USR FILE. JUST USE P, S OR U IN YOUR.OPEN COMMAND...TO READ AN ASCII FILE FROM DISK:.. ENTER THE FOLLOWING LINE IN YOUR. PROGRAM AS LINE 0. INSERT THE DISK. WITH THE ASCI I FILE AND RUN... 0 PRINT"[CLR/HOME]";:O PEN8,8,8,. "ROUTINE,S,R":FORI=0TO1:GE T#8,A$:. PRINTA$;:I=ST:NEXT:CLOSE8:EN D.. THE ROUTINE WILL BE TELETYPED OUT .ON THE SCREEN. SIMPLY MOVE THE CURSOR. OVER THE LINES AND ENTER THEM... THEN REM OUT LINE 0 (OR DELETE IT.IF YOU'RE THROUGH ADDING ASCII.ROUTINES) AND CONTI NUE PROGRAMMING... DO I ACTUALLY DO T HIS? WELL, NOT.REALLY. I HAVE A WARP S PEED CARTRIDGE.WHICH ALLOWS ME TO USE A SIMPLE "&".COMMAND TO READ AN ASCII FILE ... IF YOU HAVE A LIBRARY OF ASCII.RO UTINES, ESPECIALLY IF THEY ARE.NUMBERED IN AN ORGANIZED WAY, YOU CAN.INCLUDE THE "READ" LINE IN A PROGRAM.IN ITS EARLY S TAGES AND BY CHANGING.THE FILENAME IN TH E OPEN STATEMENT.YOU CAN READ IN SUBROUT INES AS YOU.NEED THEM. THE SYNTAX OPEN8, 8,8,F$+."S,R" ALSO WORKS... I'VE INCL UDED AN ASCII FILE.CALLED "ASCII INPUT" ON THIS DISK.WHICH IS THE FAMOUS GET ROU TINE THAT.WE INSIST UPON USING IN PLACE OF THE.REGULAR INPUT STATEMENT. IT'S.NU MBERED FROM 50000 TO 50080... ANYTIME YOU'RE TEMPTED TO USE.INPUT X$ IN A PRO GRAM FOR LOADSTAR,.ADD THIS ROUTINE TO Y OUR PROGRAM AND.CALL IT LIKE THIS:.. 10 0 L9%=16:GOSUB50000:X$=Q9$..THE STRING W ILL BE LIMITED TO 16.CHARACTERS. ONLY V ALID UPPER/LOWER.CASE LETTERS, NUMBERS A ND GRAPHICS.WILL BE ACCEPTED... THIS ARTICLE MAY SEEM A LITTLE.TECHNICAL TO T HE BEGINNING PROGRAMMER.BUT IT'S GOOD TO LEARN EARLY THE.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOKE NIZED PRG.FILES AND STRAIGHT ASCII FILES . IT'S.EVEN BETTER TO LEARN HOW TO.INTE RCHANGE THEM AS NEEDED. I WISH I.HAD LE ARNED IT WAY BACK WHEN... **** E ND OF TEXT ****.
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