6510 DOCS 2
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): 6510 DOCS 2
FILE TYPE(S): SEQ
FILE SIZE: 26.2K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 16:59:46
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
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FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD | 6510 DOCS 2 | SEQ | High Voltage Complete C64 Collection | 26 | 1 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
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000067E0: 20 54 48 45 20 54 48 4F 55 47 48 54 2C 20 41 20 | THE THOUGHT, A |
000067F0: 42 55 47 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 20 46 45 45 4C 20 46 |BUG, THEN FEEL F|
00006800: 52 45 45 20 54 4F 20 43 4F 4E 54 41 43 54 20 4D |REE TO CONTACT M|
00006810: 45 20 56 49 41 20 C3 4F 4D 50 55 4E 45 54 20 CD |E VIA .OMPUNET .|
00006820: C2 D8 20 C4 D7 32 38 2E 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 |.. ..28.. .H|
00006830: 49 53 20 4D 49 47 48 54 20 42 45 20 41 4E 20 4F |IS MIGHT BE AN O|
00006840: 50 50 4F 52 54 55 4E 45 20 4D 4F 4D 45 4E 54 20 |PPORTUNE MOMENT |
00006850: 54 4F 20 4D 45 4E 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 46 |TO MENTION THE F|
00006860: 41 43 54 20 54 48 41 54 20 41 4C 4C 20 44 45 53 |ACT THAT ALL DES|
00006870: 49 47 4E 20 41 4E 44 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D |IGN AND PROGRAMM|
00006880: 49 4E 47 20 57 41 53 20 44 4F 4E 45 20 42 59 20 |ING WAS DONE BY |
00006890: 4D 45 20 28 C4 41 56 45 20 D7 C5 C1 D6 C5 D2 29 |ME (.AVE ......)|
000068A0: 2E |. |
@%E.6510+ ASSEMBLER BY DAVE WEAVER/COMPU
NET COMMODORE DISK USER VOL.2 NO.4 MAY/J
UNE 1989.. USE THIS ONCE AND YOU MAY
NEVER NEED ANOTHER AID TO WRITING MACHI
NE CODE PROGRAMS! THIS ASSEMBLER IS A VA
LUABLE AID FOR WRITING PROFESSIONAL MACH
INE CODE PROGRAMS AND FOR LEARNING ABOUT
PROGRAMMING. IT IS A THREE-PASS ASSEMBL
ER WHICH ALLOWS THE USE OF LABELS AND CO
NTAINS EXTRA COMMANDS THAT SPEED THE PRO
DUCTION OF CODE BY PERMITTING MERGING RO
UTINES FROM TAPE OR DISK, FINDING AND CH
ANGING GIVEN STRINGS, DELETING OF REDUND
ANT LINES, AUTO LINE NUMBERING AND, AS Y
OU WILL SEE A HOST OF OTHER COMMANDS. ON
CE CODE IS ASSEMBLED, AN INBUILT MEMORY
MONITOR CAN BE USED TO SAVE OR MODIFY TH
E RAW CODE.. BEFORE LOOKING AT THIS
POWERFUL PROGRAMMING TOOL, WE'D LIKE TO
SAY THANK YOU TO COMPUNET FOR MAKING THI
S PROGRAM AVAILABLE AND ASPECIAL THANKS
TO DAVE WEAVER FOR WRITING SUCH A BEAUTI
FULLY LOGICAL ASSEMBLER... THE 6510+
IS A POWERFUL THREE-PASS, DISK-BASED AS
SEMBLER/EDITOR FOR THE COMMODORE 64. IT
FEATURES:.* STANDARD 6502 MNEMONICS AND
ADDRESSING MODES.* AN ADVANCED PET-LIKE,
MACHINE CODE MONITOR BUILT IN.* ENHANCE
D SCREEN EDITOR, INCLUDING FIND, CHANGE,
MERGE AND MANY MORE COMMANDS.* USER DEF
INABLE FUNCTION KEYS.* ASSEMBLY FROM DIS
K.* SOURCE-CODE COMPATABILITY WITH SUPER
SOFT'S POPULAR MIKRO ASSEMBLER..LABELS..
A LABEL IS AN ALPHANUMERIC STRING O
F UPPERCASE CHARACTERS, THE FIRST OF WHI
CH MUST BE A LETTER (A-Z). IT CAN BE ANY
LENGTH (WELL,UP TO 250 CHARACTERS, THEO
RETICALLY, BUT IT IS PHYSICALLY IMPOSSIB
LE TO ENTER A LABEL OF MUCH MORE THAN 70
CHARACTERS ON A LINE OF SOURCE CODE)...
COMMENTS.. A COMMENT CAN APPEAR EITH
ER ON A LINE OF ITS OWN, OR ON THE END O
F ANOTHER LINE. THE COMMENT MUST START W
ITH EITHER A SEMI COLON (;) OR AN EXCLAM
ATION MARK (!).. ANY TEXT ENTERED AF
TER A COMMENT IS NOT TOKENISED BY THE BA
SIC INTERPRETER. THIS HAS THE UNFORTUNAT
E SIDE EFFECT THAT ANY PRINT COMMANDS US
ED WHILST USING 6510+ WILL REPORT ERRORS
IF THEY CONTAIN A SEMI COLON. THIS SHOU
LDN'T CAUSE TOO MUCH OF A PROBLEM. AFTER
ALL, WHO USES BASIC?..ASSEMBLER DIRECTI
VES.. IN ADDITION TO THE STANDARD 56
MNEMONICS, THE ASSEMBLER ACCEPTS CERTAI
N OTHER THREE-CHARACTER COMMANDS DURING
ASSEMBLY, NAMELY BYT, TXT, WOR, END, OUT
, OFF, CHN, LNK, AND LIB. THESE OPERATE
AS FOLLOWS:. BYT IS USED TO RESERVE
ONE BYTE OF MEMORY AND LOAD IT WITH A VA
LUE. BYT DIRECTIVES MAY CONTAIN A SERIES
OF COMMA-SEPARATED BYTE VALUES, WHICH W
ILL BE STORED IN CONSECUTIVE MEMORY LOCA
TIONS. ASCII STRINGS MAY BE GENERATED BY
ENCLOSING THE STRING IN DOUBLE QUOTES..
BYT2,3,FRED.BYT'HELLO WORLD!'.BYT5+4,'YE
S',0.ALL VALUES MUST BE SINGLE BYTE VALU
ES, THEY MUST THEREFORE BE BETWEEN 0 & 2
55.. TXT IS INCLUDED FOR MIKRO COMPA
TIBILITY. IT IS EQUIVALENT TO THE BYT IN
STRUCTION.. WOR IS USED TO RESERVE A
ND INITIALISE TWO BYTES OF DATA AT A TIM
E. EACH VALUE IN A WOR COMMAND IS CONSID
ERED TO BE A TWO-BYTE VALUE (0-65535) AN
D IS STORED IN STANDARD LOW-BYTE-FIRST F
ORMAT..WOR$1234.WOR%1100101011001.THE FI
RST EXAMPLE WOULD BE STORED AS TWO BYTES
:$34 AND $12.. END INDICATES THE LAS
T LINE OF SOURCE CODE. ANY LINES AFTER A
N END DIRECTIVE WILL BE IGNORED BY THE A
SSEMBLER DURING ASSEMBLY. THIS IS OPTION
AL IF IT IS THE LAST LINE OF SOURCE CODE
.. OUT CAUSES A LISTING TO BE GENERA
TED ON THE THIRD PASS OF AN ASSEMBLY FRO
M THE LINE OF THE OUT COMMAND ONWARDS. T
HE LISTING IS PRODUCED ON THE SCREEN BUT
IF YOU WOULD LIKE A LISTING ON A PRINTE
R, ENTER OPEN4,4:CMD4 BEFORE ASSEMBLING
THE PROGRAM. THIS REDIRECTS THE SCREEN O
UTPUT TO THE PRINTER. PLEASE NOTE THAT T
HIS IS NOT EXACTLY THE SAME AS MIKRO'S O
UT COMMAND.. OFF TURNS OFF A LISTING
(STARTED WITH OUT) FOR THE REST OF THE
ASSEMBLY, OR UNTIL ANOTHER OUT COMMAND I
S FOUND.. CHN AND LNK ARE EQUIVALENT
COMMANDS THAT ALLOW SEVERAL SOURCE FILE
S TO BE 'CHAINED' OR 'LINKED' TOGETHER.
THIS COMMAND TERMINATES THE ASSEMBLY OF
THE CURRENT FILE, AND LOADS IN THE SPECI
FIED FILE. THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS ON
THE NUMBER OF FILES THAT MAY BE CHAINED
IN THIS WAY. THE LAST FILE IN THE CHAIN
MUST USE AN END COMMAND FOLLOWED IMMEDIA
TELY BY THE NAME OF THE FIRST FILE IN TH
E CHAIN. IN THIS WAY THE NEXT PASS CAN B
EGIN WITH THE CORRECT FILE!.FILE'PART1':
10INCFRED. 20RTS.
30CHN'PART2'.FILE'PART2':10FRED=53280.
60END'PART1'. LIB ALLOES Y
OU TO INSERT SOURCE CODE FROM ANOTHER FI
LE INTO ASSEMBLY. WHEN THE ASSEMBLER ENC
OUNTERS THE LIB DIRECTIVE, IT TEMPORARIL
Y STOPS READING SOURCE CODE FROM MEMORY,
AND READS A LINE AT A TIME FROM THE FIL
E NAMED. PROCESSING OF THE IN-MEMORY SOU
RCE RESUMES AFTER EITHER AN END OF FILE
OR AN END COMMAND IS ENCOUNTERED IN THE
LIB FILE..FILE'ONE':10*=49152.
20FRED=53280. 40END. 3
0LIB'TWO'.FILE'TWO':25INCFRED.
99RTS. 100END.THIS COMMAND ALLOW
S YOU TO MAKE YOUR CODE MUCH MORE MODULA
R. IN FACT THE 'MAIN' PROGRAM COULD CONS
IST OF ONLY A SERIES OF LIB CALLS..1000*
=49152.1010;.1020LIB'START'.1030LIB'MIDD
LEBIT'.1040LIB'SOMETHINGELSE'.1050LIB'TH
EEND'.1060;.1070END..EXPRESSIONS.. A
N EXPRESSION CAN BE USED AT ALMOST ANY P
OINT THAT A SINGLE NUMBER COULD BE USED.
IT CONSISTS OF ONE OR MORE NUMBERS/LABE
LS, EACH SEPARATED BY ONE OF A GROUP OF
MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS AS SHOWN IN TABLE
1..TABLE 1.OP PURPOSE EXAMPLE
RESULT.+ ADDITION 10+4
14.- SUBTRACTION $1A-11 1
5.* MULTIPLICATION %1010*13 130./
DIVISION 54/10 5.% M
OD(REMAINDER) 54%10 4.& BITWIS
E AND 6&3 2. BITWISE OR
63 7. BIT SHIFT RIGHT
1 4 %10000. BIT SHIFT LEFT
%10110 2 %101..THE FOLLOWING UNARY OP
ERATORS ARE ALSO PROVIDED:.OP PURPOS
E EXAMPLE RESULT.' TAKE ASCI
I 'A 65.< TAKE LOW BYTE
<$1234 $34.> TAKE HIGH BYTE >
$1234 $12.ALL OPERATORS HAVE EQUAL
PRECEDENCE... A $ IS USED TO INDICAT
E A HEX NUMBER, AND % IS USED TO INDICAT
E A BINARY NUMBER. A NUMBER WITH NEITHER
A $ OR A % IS ASSUMED TO BE DECIMAL. AL
L EXPRESSIONS ARE EVALUATED IN A LEFT TO
RIGHT ORDER. BRACKETS MAY BE USED IN AN
EXPRESSION TO FORCE THE ORDER OF EVALUA
TION TO BE OTHER THAN LEFT TO RIGHT.1+2*
3=9 1+(2*3)=6. THE FACT THAT THR
EE OF THE OPERATORS (% < >) ARE USED FOR
TWO DIFFERENT THINGS MAY APPEAR CONFUSI
NG AT FIRST, BUT IT IS QUITE APPARENT WH
ICH ACTION IS MEANT FROM THE CONTEXT IN
WHICH THEY APPEAR. TWO SPECIAL CHARACTER
S (* AND @) MAY ALSO APPEAR IN EXPRESSIO
NS. THESE HAVE THE VALUES OF THE PROGRAM
COUNTER AND THE AT COUNTER RESPECTIVELY
. THESE WILL BE EXPLAINED IN MORE DETAIL
LATER..FRED=$1230+4 $1234.LDA<FRED+
2 $36.BLAH=$100*(2+3) $500.XXX
=50/10 5.LDY#3<XXX %
1100000 (96)..THE PROGRAM COUNTER..
IN ORDER TO TELL 6510+ WHICH AREA OF MEM
ORY YOU WISH TO ASSEMBLE YOUR CODE TO YO
U NEED TO SET THE PROGRAM COUNTER (THE *
VARIABLE) TO THE ADDRESS REQUIRED. FOR
EXAMPLE, TO ASSEMBLE YOUR CODE SO THAT I
T IS PLACED AT ADDRESS 49152 ONWARDS:.10
*=49152.20 ...REST OF CODE. DURING
ASSEMBLY THE * VARIABLE WILL ALWAYS HOLD
THE ADDRESS FOR WHICH THE CURRENT INSTR
UCTION IS BEING ASSEMBLED. THIS ENABLES
YOU TO PROGRAM SIMPLE BRANCHES WITHOUT T
HE NEED FOR LABELS..240 CMP#10.250 BNE F
RED.260 INY.270 FRED STY SOMEWHERE.COULD
BE WRITTEN AS:.240 CMP#10.250 BNE*+3.26
0 INY.270 STY SOMEWHERE. BECAUSE IN
THE FIRST EXAMPLE, FRED WILL ALWAYS BE T
HREE BYTES FURTHER ON THAN THE BNE INSTR
UCTION.. NOW,CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING
PROBLEM. YOU HAVE WRITTEN A PROGRAM (SUC
H AS AN AMAZING ASSEMBLER TO RIVAL 6510+
) WHICH NEEDS TO BE ASSEMBLED AT ADDRESS
$8000 ONWARDS. IF YOU PUT A *=$8000 IN
YOUR CODE, IT WOULD BE ASSEMBLED TO THIS
ADDRESS BUT THIS WOULD PUT IT IN THE SA
ME AREA OF MEMORY AS 6510+ WHICH WOULD T
HEN BE OVERWRITTEN (ALTHOUGH 6510+ WILL
RECOGNISE THIS FACT AND WARN YOU)..
THE SOLUTION IS TO USE @, THE AT-COUNTER
. THIS IS SIMILAR IN CONCEPT TO THE PROG
RAM COUNTER BUT, WHILST THE PROGRAM COUN
TER TELLS 6510+ THE ADDRESS AT WHICH THE
CODE IS TO RUN, THE AT-COUNTER TELLS 65
10+ WHERE IN MEMORY TO PLACE THE FINAL A
SSEMBLED VERSION. ONE ANSWER TO THE ABOV
E PROBLEM IS TO USE:.10 *=$8000.20 @=$40
00.30 ...REST OF CODE. THIS WOULD CA
USE 6510+ TO ASSEMBLE THE PROGRAM AS IF
IT WERE TO RUN AT $8000, BUT THE FINAL A
SSEMBLED CODE WILL BE PLACED IN MEMORY A
T $4000 ONWARDS. THE PROGRAM CAN THEN BE
SAVED TO DISK USING THE MONITOR, THE CO
MPUTER THEN IS SWITCHED OFF AND ON (TO R
EMOVE 6510+) AND THE PROGRAM LOADED IN A
ND MOVED TO $8000 WHERE IT CAN FINALLY B
E RUN (A BIT LONG-WINDED I KNOW, BUT IT
WORKS). THERE IS AN ALTERNATIVE WAY TO S
ET UP THE AT-COUNTER, WHICH IS INCLUDED
FOR MIKRO COMPATIBILITY. THIS PREVIOUS E
XAMPLE CAN ALSO BE WRITTEN AS:.10 *=$800
0,$4000.20 ...REST OF CODE. NOTE THA
T SETTING THE PROGRAM COUNTER WILL ALSO
SET THE AT-COUNTER TO THE SAME VALUE. SO
, IF YOU'RE USING THE AT-COUNTER (YOU WO
N'T NORMALLY NEED TO) THEN REMEMBER TO S
ET UP @ AFTER SETTING UP *...EDITOR ENHA
NCEMENTS.. A NUMBER OF ADDITIONS HA
VE BEEN MADE TO THE WAY THE NORMAL SCREE
N EDITOR WORKS WHILE USING 6510+. THE LE
FT SHIFT KEY MAY BE USED TO PAUSE OUTPUT
TO THE SCREEN. FOR INSTANCE, WHEN LISTI
NG SOURCE CODE, THE SHIFT LOCK KEY MAY B
E USED AS A PAUSE AND HOLD KEY.. WHE
N THE RUN/STOP KEY IS PRESSED THE QUOTES
MODE AND NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING INSERT F
LAGS IS SET TO ZERO. SHIFT + WILL PUT TH
E CURSOR IN THE BOTTOM LEFT CORNER OF TH
E SCREEN, LIKE A SORT OF UN-HOME KEY..
A DOS WEDGE ROUTINE HAS ALSO BEEN INC
LUDED. ENTERING @ WILL GIVE THE DISK DRI
VE STATUS. TYPING @ COMMAND WILL SEND 'C
OMMAND' TO THE DISK DRIVE. TYPING $ WILL
DISPLAY THE DISK DIRECTORY, WITHOUT ACT
UALLY LOADING IT INTO MEMORY. THE $ CAN
ALSO BE FOLLOWED BY A WILD CARD TO GIVE
A PARTIAL DIRECTORY. THE DEFAULT DEVICE
IS USED (SEE LATER). FOR EXAMPLE, TO FOR
MAT A DISK TYPE:.@N0:NEW DISK,89.TO DISP
LAY THE DISK DIRECTORY:.$.TO DISPLAY A D
IRECTORY OF ALL SEQUENTIAL FILES BEGINNI
NG WITH THE LETTER A:.$0:A*=S =S GI
VES JUST SEQ FILES AND A* GIVES FILES BE
GINNING WITH A.. 6510+ ALSO ALLOWS
THE EIGHT FUNCTION KEYS TO BE DEFINED TO
HOLD ANY STRING OF UP TO 31 CHARACTERS.
MORE OF THIS LATER...BASIC EXTENSIONS..
6510+ ADDS OVER 25 NEW COMMANDS TO
THE EXISTING BASIC ONES. WITH 6510+, ANY
BASIC COMMANDS WILL NOW ACCEPT HEX AND
BINARY NUMBERS, AS WELL AS DECIMAL NUMBE
RS, BY PRECEDING THEM WITH A $ AND A % R
ESPECTIVELY. SO THE FOLLOWING ARE ALL VA
LID, USING 6510+:.PRINT$123*%1010.PRINT
CHR$($40). NOW ONTO THE NEW COMMANDS
. IN THIS SECTION ANY ITEM IN SQUARE BRA
CKETS IS OPTIONAL AND CAN BE LEFT OUT. A
LL COMMANDS MAY BE ABBREVIATED AS IN BAS
IC (A SHIFT-S INSTEAD OF ASSEMBLE)...EDI
TOR COMMANDS.. OLD THIS IS THE OPPOS
ITE OF NEW. A PROGRAM THAT HAS BEEN NEWE
D CAN BE RECOVERED USING OLD.. AUTO(
LINE-NUMBER[,STEP]) AUTO WILL PRESENT LI
NE NUMBERS AUTOMATICALLY WHEN A PROGRAM
IS ENTERED. THE NUMBER PRESENTED WILL BE
THE NUMBER OF THE PREVIOUS LINE PLUS TH
E CURRENT STEP VALUE. AUTO LINE PRESENTA
TION IS TURNED OFF BY PRESSING RETURN ON
A BLANK LINE. IF NO STEP IS GIVEN THE V
ALUE OF 10 IS USED. IF NO START LINE IS
GIVEN THE VALUE OF 1000 IS USED.. RE
NUMBER(START-LINE[,STEP]) THIS WILL RENU
MBER A PROGRAM STARTING AT THE GIVEN LIN
E NUMBER, EACH TIME ADDING THE GIVEN STE
P TO PRODUCE THE NEXT LINE NUMBER..
DELETE LINE-RANGE DELETE WILL REMOVE SEC
TIONS OF THE CURRENT PROGRAM. THE LINE-R
ANGE GIVEN IS IN THE SAME FORMAT AS THE
BASIC LIST COMMAND..DELETE 1230-2000.DE
100-.DE -1293. FIND XSTRINGX THIS CO
MMAND WILL SEARCH THE SOURCE CODE FOR TH
E STRING GIVEN. ANY LINES CONTAINING THE
STRING WILL BE LISTED TO THE SCREEN. X
IS ANY CHARACTER NOT INCLUDED IN THE STR
ING..FIND'HELLO'.FI/LDA/. CHANGE XST
RINGXREPLACEMENTX THIS WILL SEARCH THE S
OURCE CODE FOR THE GIVEN STRING AND REPL
ACE IT WITH THE REPLACEMENT STRING. EACH
LINE WHERE A CHANGE IS MADE IS LISTED T
O THE SCREEN..CHANGE @PRINT@SYS49152@
CHANGES ALL OCCURANCES OF PRINT TO SYS
49152..CH"!"" REMOVES ALL EXCLAMATIO
N MARKS FROM THE SOURCE. IT IS IMPORTANT
TO REMEMBER THAT THE EXCLAMATION MARK (
!) AND SEMI COLON (;) ARE USED TO START
A COMMENT IN 6510+ SOURCE CODE, SO ANY C
HARACTERS FOLLOWING THESE WILL NOT BE TO
KENISED. THIS CAN CAUSE SOME PROBLEMS W
ITH FIND AND CHANGE COMMANDS. FOR EXAMPL
E:.CHANGE/!/*/ WILL NOT CHANGE ALL EXCLA
MATION MARKS TO ASTERISKS. THIS IS BECAU
SE THE / HAS TWO DIFFERENT VALES IN THE
ABOVE LINE. THE FIRST IS TOKENISED INTO
A DIVIDE TOKEN. THE NEXT TWO ARE NOT TOK
ENISED SINCE THEY FOLLOW AN EXCLAMATION
MARK. INSTEAD USE.CHANGE"!"*" THIS W
ILL WORK SINCE THE EXCLAMATION MARK IS N
OT TAKEN AS THE START OF A COMMENT, BECA
USE IT IS IN QUOTES, AND EVERYTHING IN Q
UOTES IS TAKEN LITERALLY...FUNCTION KEYS
.. KEY THIS WILL DISPLAY THE STRINGS
CURRENTLY ATTACHED TO THE EIGHT FUNCTIO
N KEYS. A LEFT-ARROW (TOP LEFT OF KEYBOA
RD) IN THE STRING REPRESENTS A RETURN..
KEYNUMBER,STRING THIS FORM OF THE SA
ME COMMAND WILL LET YOU CHANGE THE KEY D
EFINITION TO ANYTHING YOU CHOOSE. ONLY T
HE FIRST 31 CHARACTERS OF THE STRING ARE
USED..KEY1,"OLD"(LEFT-ARROW)RENUMBER(LE
FT-ARROW) THE LEFT-ARROW IS USED TO INSE
RT RETURNS IN THE STRING.. KEYSAVE"
NAME"[,DEVICE] THIS WILL SAVE THE CURREN
T KEY DEFINITIONS TO DISK OR TAPE..
KEYLOAD"NAME"[,DEVICE] THIS WILL LOAD A
KEY DEFINITION FILE AND RE-PROGRAM THE F
-KEYS ACCORDINGLY. THE DEFAULT DEVICE NU
MBER IS USED IF NONE IS SPECIFIED..
KEYOFF AND KEYON THESE COMMANDS WILL DIS
ABLE AND ENABLE THE FUNCTION KEY ROUTINE
S. THIS IS USEFUL FOR THOSE LUCKY PEOPLE
WHO HAVE ALTERNATIVE OPERATING SYSTEM R
OMS INSTALLED (SUCH AS THOSE SUPPLIED WI
TH PARALLEL DOS SYSTEMS) WHICH HAVE THEI
R OWN F-KEY DEFINITIONS.. HELP THIS
COMMAND WILL DISPLAY A LIST OF ALL NEW A
ND MODIFIED COMMANDS. IT IS ONLY MEANT A
S A BRIEF REMINDER. FOR MORE DETAILS REA
D THIS DOCUMENTATION CAREFULLY...DISK RE
LATED COMMANDS.. LOAD"NAME" SAVE
"NAME" VERIFY"NAME".THESE COMMANDS H
AVE BEEN MODIFIED SO THAT THE DEFAULT DE
VICE (USUALLY DEVICE 8 - THE DISK DRIVE)
IS USED. SEE THE DEVICE COMMAND LATER O
N FOR MORE DETAILS.. TYPE"NAME"[,DEV
ICE] THIS WILL READ THE GIVEN FILE AND D
ISPLAY ITS CONTENTS ON THE SCREEN. TYPE
WILL ONLY WORK WITH SEQ FILES. THE DEFAU
LT DEVICE IS USED IF NONE IS SPECIFIED..
DUMP'NAME'[,DEVICE] THIS WILL DISPL
AY THE NAMED FILE IN HEX AND ASCII. DUMP
WILL WORK WITH PRG, SEQ, AND USR FILES.
THE DEFAULT DEVICE IS USED IF NONE IS S
PECIFIED.. MERGE'NAME'[,DEVICE] MERG
E WILL READ THE NAMED FILE, AND ENTER EA
CH OF THE LINES AS THOUGH THEY HAD BEEN
TYPED AT THE KEYBOARD. IN OTHER WORDS, T
HE NAMED FILE WILL BE MERGED WITH THE PR
OGRAM IN MEMORY. IF THE SAME LINE NUMBER
EXIST IN BOTH THE FILE AND IN MEMORY, T
HE ONE FROM THE FILE WILL OVER-WRITE THE
ONE IN MEMORY. ONCE AGAIN, THE DEFAULT
DEVICE WILL BE USED IF NO OTHER IS SPECI
FIED.. APPEND'NAME'[,DEVICE] THIS CO
MMAND IS SIMILAR TO THE MERGE COMMAND BU
T THE NAMED FILE IS APPENDED (ADDED TO T
HE END OF) THE ONE IN MEMORY. LINE NUMBE
RS FROM THE FILE ARE NOT CHANGED SO IT I
S ADVISABLE TO RENUMBER YOUR PROGRAM AFT
ER USING APPEND.. DEVICE[DEVICE NUMB
ER] THIS COMMAND SETS UP THE DEFAULT DEV
ICE NUMBER WHICH IS USED BY ALL OF THE D
ISK-BASED COMMANDS IN 6510+. IF THE DEVI
CE NUMBER IS NOT SPECIFIED THEN THE CURR
ENT DEVICE NUMBER IS SHOWN...ASSEMBLER C
OMMANDS.. THESE ARE WHAT 6510+ IS AL
L ABOUT. IN THIS SECTION, EXPRESSION MEA
NS A MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION. IT MAY CON
TAIN LABELS, NUMBERS AND OPERATORS. SOME
VALID EXPRESSIONS ARE:.10 FRED
$1A+(LINE*40) %1010+>SCREEN. ASS
EMBLE[LINE NUMBER] THIS WILL ASSEMBLE TH
E SOURCE CODE CURRENTLY IN MEMORY. IF A
LINE NUMBER IS GIVEN THE ASSEMBLY WILL S
TART AT THAT LINE, OTHERWISE IT WILL STA
RT AT THE FIRST LINE OF SOURCE. ASSEMBLY
CAN BE STOPPED AT ANY TIME BY PRESSING
THE RUN/STOP KEY.. DISSEMBLE<EXPRESS
ION> THIS WILL DISPLAY A DISASSEMBLY OF
MEMORY FROM THE ADDRESS SPECIFIED IN THE
EXPRESSION. DISASSEMBLY IS STOPPED BY P
RESSING RUN/STOP AND THE LEFT SHIFT KEY
OR SHIFT LOCK CAN BE USED TO PAUSE THE L
ISTING. DISASSEMBLE MAY BE ABBREVIATED A
S D SHIFT-I (DI).DISASSEMBLE START.DI409
6*12. NUMBER<EXPRESSION> THIS WILL E
VALUATE THE EXPRESSION AND DISPLAY THE R
ESULT IN HEX, DECIMAL, AND BINARY. IT IS
USEFUL FOR DISPLAYING THE VALUE OF A LA
BEL OR FOR CONVERTING BETWEEN NUMBER BAS
ES.. TABLE THIS WILL DISPLAY THE SYM
BOL TABLE, FORM THE LAST ASSEMBLY, IN AL
PHABETICAL ORDER. EACH LABEL IS FOLLOWED
BY ITS HEX VALUE.. SYMSAVE'NAME'[,D
EVICE] THIS WILL SAVE THE SYMBOL TABLE T
O DISK. THERE IS NOT MUCH USE FOR THIS Y
ET BUT IT IS INCLUDED IN CASE I DECIDE T
O WRITE SOME ACCOMPANYING UTILITIES, SUC
H AS A SYMBOLIC DEBUGGER, WHICH WOULD NE
ED THE SYMBOL TABLE.. FORMAT<LINE RA
NGE> THIS COMMAND IS VERY MUCH LIKE THE
LIST COMMAND EXCEPT THAT THE LISTING IS
NEATLY FORMATTED. TRY IT AND SEE.. S
ET<LABEL>=<EXPRESSION> THIS COMMAND ALLO
WS YOU TO MANUALLY ADD TO OR MODIFY SYMB
OLS IN THE SYMBOL TABLE..SETBANANA=FRED*
2.SETX=$2345.SETLO=<ADDRESS.SETHI=>ADDRE
SS..MODIFIED COMMANDS.. SOME EXISTIN
G BASIC COMMANDS HAVE BEEN MODIFIED FOR
USE IN 6510+..POKE<EXPRESSION>,<EXPRESSI
ON> PEEK(<EXPRESSION>) SYS<EXPRE
SSION>.THESE COMMANDS NOW USE THE EXPRES
SION EVALUATOR BUILT INTO 6510+. THIS ME
ANS THAT HEX NUMBERS AND LABELS MAY NOW
BE USED..SYSSTART SYSGO+3 SYS409
6*12 PRINT PEEK(COUNTER) POKE $D
020,0.POKE FRED,<VEC:POKE FRED+1,>VEC.
SAVE("NAME"[,DEVICE]) THE SAVE COMMAN
D HAS BEEN MODIFIED TO PROVIDE A USEFUL
AUTONAMING FACILITY. WHEN PROVIDED WITH
A NAME AND DEVICE NUMBER, SAVE WORKS AS
USUAL AND USES THE DEFAULT DEVICE NUMBER
IF NONE IS SPECIFIED. IF NO NAME IS GIV
EN, THE FIRST PROGRAM LINE IN MEMORY IS
EXAMINED. IF IT BEGINS WITH A COMMENT SY
MBOL (EXCLAMATION, SEMI COLON OR REM) AN
D THE NEXT CHARACTER IS A DOUBLE QUOTE,
THEN THE FILE NAME IS TAKEN FROM THERE..
THIS MEANS THAT EACH OF YOUR PROGRA
MS CAN CONTAIN ITS NAME IN THE FIRST LIN
E, AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT REM
EMBERING WHAT IT WAS..10;"@0:PART1",8.1!
"@0:TEST".5 REM"A0:HELLO",8.NOTICE THAT
NAMES INCLUDE '@0:', SO THAT WHEN YOU TY
PE SAVE THE PROGRAM WILL REPLACE THE CUR
RENT ONE ON DISK.. LOAD("NAME"[,DEVI
CE]). VERIFY("NAME"[,DEVICE]) THESE
COMMANDS HAVE BEEN MODIFIED SO THAT THEY
USE THE DEFAULT DEVICE NUMBER SET UP BY
THE DEVICE COMMAND. IF NO NAME IS SPECI
FIED '0:*' IS USED AND THE FIRST PROGRAM
ON THE DISK DIRECTORY WILL BE USED..
IMPORTANT NOTE: BECAUSE OF THE WAY THE
SE COMMANDS ARE MODIFIED, YOU MAY FIND T
HAT RUNNING ORDINARY BASIC PROGRAMS WITH
IN 6510+ ISN'T NECESSARILY A GOOD IDEA.
THIS IS BECAUSE THE POKE COMMAND (FOR IN
STANCE) NO LONGER USES THE BASIC EXPRESS
ION EVALUATOR AND NO LONGER RECOGNISES B
ASIC VARIABLES. THE FOLLOWING WOULD NOT
WORK USING 6510+:.10 FORI=0 TO 255.20 PO
KE1024+I,I.30 NEXT.YOU WOULD GET AN ?UND
EFINED LABEL ERROR IN LINE 20. BUT YOU C
OULD USE:.10 SETX=0:FOR I=0T0255.20 POKE
1024+X,X.30 SETX=X+1.40 NEXT..THE MONITO
R.. 6510+ CONTAINS A BUILT-IN MACHIN
E CODE MONITOR. TO ENTER THE MONITOR TYP
E:.MONITOR. THE MONITOR WILL THEN DI
SPLAY THE CURRENT REGISTER VALUES, AND P
RESENT YOU WITH A FULL STOP AS A PROMPT.
ALL MONITOR COMMANDS ARE A SINGLE CHARA
CTER, USUALLY FOLLOWED BY SOME HEX PARAM
ETERS. IN THIS SECTION, <ADDR> CONTAINS
UP TO FOUR DIGITS IN HEX REPRESENTING A
MEMORY ADDRESS IN HEX..D<ADDR>[<ADDR>].
THIS WILL DISASSEMBLE THE MEMORY BET
WEEN TWO ADDRESSES. IF THE SECOND ADDRES
S IS NOT GIVEN THEN ONLY ONE LINE OF DIS
ASSEMBLY IS SHOWN..F<ADDR><ADDR><VALUE>.
THIS WILL FILL THE MEMORY BETWEEN T
HE TWO ADDRESSES WITH VALUE, WHERE VALUE
IS A NUMBER IN THE RANGE 00 TO FF..T<AD
DR><ADDR><ADDR>. THIS WILL TRANSFER
THE BLOCK OF MEMORY BETWEEN THE FIRST TW
O ADDRESSES TO THE AREA BEGINNING AT THE
THIRD ADDRESS..H<ADDR><ADDR><VALUE>[<VA
LUE>].H<ADDR><ADDR>'TEXT. HUNTS BETW
EEN THE ADDRESSES SPECIFIED FOR THE SERI
ES OF VALES GIVEN. IN THE SECOND FORM, A
TEXT STRING MAY BE GIVEN IF PRECEDED BY
AN APOSTROPHE. THE MONITOR WILL SEARCH
FOR THE TEXT SUPPLIED. EG.H 1000 2000 A9
00 .H 1000 2000 'HELLO.M<ADDR>[<ADD
R>]. DISPLAYS THE MEMORY RANGE GIVEN
IN BOTH HEX AND ASCII. TO MODIFY THE ME
MORY CONTENTS, SIMPLY MOVE THE CURSOR OV
ER THE HEX NUMBER TO CHANGE, TYPE THE NE
W VALUE AND PRESS RETURN..R. DISPLAY
S THE CURRENT REGISTER CONTENTS, IN THE
FORM IN FIG.1. ANY OF THE VALUES MAT BE
CHANGED SIMPLY BE MOVING THE CURSOR OVER
THE CURRENT VALUE, TYPING THE NEW VALE
AND PRESSING RETURN..FIGURE 1 : REGISTER
CONTENTS.CURRENT IRQ Y
REGISTER. VECTOR. ACCU
MULATOR.. PC IRQ SR AC XR YR
SP. ;1234 EA31 30 10 A1 00 F5..
PROGRAM STATUS STACK.CO
UNTER REGISTER POINTER.
X REGISTER Y REGISTER..G[<ADDR
>]. THIS COMMAND, GO, WILL EXECUTE T
HE MACHINE CODE ROUTINE STARTING AT THE
GIVEN ADDRESS. IF NO ADDRESS IS GIVEN, T
HE VALUE OF THE PROGRAM COUNTER (PC) WIL
L BE USED..L"NAME"[,DEVICE].V"NAME"[,DEV
ICE].S"NAME",DEVICE,ADDR1,ADDR2. THE
SE COMMANDS WILL LOAD, VERIFY OR SAVE BL
OCKS OF MEMORY. THE L AND V COMMANDS WIL
L USE THE DEFAULT DEVICE IF NONE IS SPEC
IFIED. THE S COMMAND SAVES THE AREA OF M
EMORY BETWEEN ADDR1 AND ADDR2. ALWAYS RE
MEMBER THAT ADDR2 MUST BE THE ADDRESS IM
MEDIATELY AFTER THE LAST BYTE TO BE SAVE
D. WHEN A PROGRAM IS ASSEMBLED, THE STAR
T AND END ADDRESSES ARE DISPLAYED LIKE T
HIS:.START ADDRESS: $2000.END ADDRESS: $
2134.TO SAVE THE ASSEMBLED, EXECUTABLE C
ODE, ENTER THE MONITOR (WITH THE COMMAND
MONITOR) AND TYPE:.S"PROGRAM",08,2000,2
134.X. THIS COMMAND EXITS THE MONITO
R AND RETURNS TO THE ASSEMBLER...ERROR M
ESSAGES.. THERE FOLLOWS A LIST OF ER
RORS THAT CAN BE PRODUCED BY 6510+ DURIN
G ASSEMBLY. IF AN ERROR DOES OCCUR DURIN
G ASSEMBLY, THE OFFENDING LINE WILL BE D
ISPLAYED AND ASSEMBLY WILL STOP. IF AN E
RROR OCCURS IN A LIBED FILE, THE LINE CO
NTAINING THE ERROR WILL STILL BE LISTED
ALONG WITH THE NAME OF THE FILE IN WHICH
THE ERROR WAS FOUND..DUPLICATE LABEL.
THIS ERROR MESSAGE OCCURS IF THE SAME
LABEL IS DEFINED MORE THAN ONCE IN THE
SOURCE CODE. A LABEL MAY ONLY HAVE ONE V
ALUE..UNDEFINED LABEL. THIS OCCURS I
F A REFERENCE IS MADE TO A LABEL WHICH I
S NOT DEFINED ANYWHERE IN THE SOURCE COD
E..TOO BIG. THIS ERROR IS PRODUCED I
F A RESULT (OR PARTIAL RESULT) OF A CALC
ULATION IS A NUMBER LARGER THAN WILL FIT
INTO TWO BYTES (65535). IT MAY MEAN THA
T YOU NEED TO RE-ORDER YOUR CALCULATION
SLIGHTLY. 60000+10000-8000 GIVES TOO
BIG 60000-8000+10000 IS OK..NEGATIV
E. THIS ERROR IS PRODUCED WHEN THE R
ESULT OR PARTIAL RESULT OF A CALCULATION
IS LESS THAN ZERO. AGAIN, YOU MAY NEED
TO REORDER YOUR CALCULATION SLIGHTLY..BA
D NUMBER. THIS OCCURS IF YOU ENTER A
NON-HEX DIGIT AFTER A $, OR A NON-BINAR
Y DIGIT AFTER A %. $S4 = BAD NUMBER
$A4 = OK %2010 = BAD NUMBER
%1010 = OK.ADDRESSING MODE. THIS ERR
OR IS PRODUCED WHEN 6510+ ENCOUNTERS A L
INE CONTAINING EITHER AN ADDRESSING MODE
THAT DOES NOT EXIST OR ONE THAT IS USED
INAPPROPRIATELY..LDA(19),X NO SUCH MODE
.STA(FRED) NO SUCH MODE.BRANCH RANGE.
BRANCHES MAY ONLY BRANCH BACKWARDS TO
A LOCATION WITHIN A RANGE OF 128 BACKWAR
DS OR 127 BYTES FORWARDS FROM THE LABEL
ITSELF. ANY ATTEMPT TO BRANCH TO A LABEL
OUTSIDE THIS RANGE WILL PRODUCE THIS ER
ROR..OUT OF STORAGE SPACE. 6510+ USE
S THE MEMORY UNDERNEATH THE I/O AND KERN
AL ($D000 - $FFFF) TO STORE THE ASSEMBLE
D OBJECT CODE DURING ASSEMBLY. THIS LIMI
TS YOU TO ABOUT 11.5K OF OBJECT CODE PER
ASSEMBLY. IF MORE IS PRODUCED THAN WILL
FIT INTO THIS AREA, 6510+ WILL ABORT TH
E ASSEMBLY AND PRODUCE THIS ERROR MESSAG
E..SYMBOL TABLE OVERFLOW. THE AREA O
F MEMORY UNDERNEATH THE BASIC ROM ($A000
- $BFFF) IS USED TO STORE THE SYMBOL TA
BLE (LIST OF LABELS) AS THE PROGRAM IS A
SSEMBLED. IF THE SYMBOL TABLE GETS TO BI
G FOR THIS AREA THEN 6510+ WILL USE THE
AREA OF RAM FROM $C000 - $CFFF BUT IF TH
IS IS FULL, THE ABOVE ERROR MESSAGE IS P
RODUCED. (THIS IS EXTREMELY UNLIKELY TO
HAPPEN THOUGH!).CAN'T NEST. ONLY ONE
LIB FILE MAY BE OPEN AT A TIME. THIS ME
ANS THAT ANY FILES THAT ARE LIBED INTO T
HE CURRENT ASSEMBLY CANNOT THEMSELVES CO
NTAIN LIB COMMANDS. IF THEY DO YOU WILL
GET THE ABOVE MESSAGE. THIS MESSAGE IS A
LSO PRODUCED IF A CHN OR LNK COMMAND IS
FOUND WITHIN A LIBED FILE..FILE. WHE
N A LIB FILE IS READ, 6510+ CHECKS THE F
IRST TWO BYTES TO MAKE SURE THE PROGRAM
IS ACTUALLY A SOURCE FILE. IF THE FIRST
TWO BYTES ARE NOT 01 AND 08 (MEANING THE
PROGRAM STARTS AT $0801, AS SOURCE CODE
USUALLY DOES) THEN THIS ERROR IS DISPLA
YED AND ASSEMBLY IS ABORTED..SYNTAX.
THIS IS THE GENERAL PURPOSE ERROR. IT M
EANS SOMETHING IS WRONG WITH THE CURRENT
LINE. IT'S USUALLY SOMETHING QUITE OBVI
OUS, SUCH AS A MISSING SPACE OR MISSING
QUOTE..BREAK. THIS IS DISPLAYED IF Y
OU PRESS THE RUN/STOP KEY DURING ASSEMBL
Y. IT ISN'T EXACTLY AN ERROR, IT JUST IN
DICAATES THAT ASSEMBLY WAS STOPPED BY YO
U AND NOT BECAUSE SOME OTHER ERROR HAS O
CCURED..BAD LABEL. LABELS MAY ONLY B
EGIN WITH A LETTER, USING A LABEL STARTI
NG WITH SOME OTHER CHARACTER WILL PRODUC
E THIS ERROR..TOO COMPLEX. THIS ERRO
R IS PRODUCED IF THERE ARE TOO MANY BRAC
KETS IN AN EXPRESSION AND IT IS ANOTHER
MESSAGE THAT SHOULD NEVER HAPPEN. IN TES
TS, I MANAGED TO GET ABOUT 30 PAIRS OF B
RACKETS BEFORE I GOT THIS ERROR. IF YOUR
EXPRESSION CONTAINS ANYWHERE NEAR THAT
AMOUNT THEN SOMETHING IS SERIOUSLY WRONG
WITH THE WAY YOU PROGRAM!.DIVIDE BY ZER
O. FAIRLY SELF-EXPLANATORY THIS ONE.
ANY ATTEMPT IN AN EXPRESSION TO DIVIDE
BY ZERO WILL PRODUCE THIS MESSAGE...6510
+ IN MEMORY..$0801-$71FF THIS IS FREE FO
R YOUR SOURCE CODE AND/OR ASSEMBLED CODE
. USE IT AS YOU WISH..$7200-$72FF THIS A
REA IS USED AS A WORKSPACE FOR 6510+. DO
NOT CORRUPT THIS AREA..$7300-$73FF THIS
IS WHERE THE F-KEY DEFINITIONS ARE STOR
ED. DO NOT CORRUPT THIS PART OF MEMORY (
IF YOU WANT TO KEEP THE FUNCTION KEY DEF
INITIONS INTACT, THAT IS)..$7400-$9FFF T
HIS AREA OF MEMORY IS WHERE THE CODE FOR
6510+ RESIDES. CORRUPTING ANY MEMORY IN
THIS AREA WOULD VERY PROBABLY CAUSE 651
0+ TO CRASH..$A000-$CFFF THIS AREA, UNDE
R BASIC ROM, IS WHERE THE SYMBOL TABLE I
S STORED. ONLY VEREY LARGE PROGRAMS WILL
CREATE LABEL TABLES LARGE ENOUGH TO EXT
END INTO THE $C000-$CFFF BLOCK. YOU MAY
AT ASSEMBLE CODE TO $C000-$CFFF, EVEN I
F THE SYMBOL TABLE DOES EXTEND INTO THIS
AREA (NOT VERY LIKELY), ALTHOUGH THIS W
ILL CORRUPT THE END OF THE SYMBOL TABLE
(IF IT IS THAT BIG)..$D000-$FFFF DURING
PASS 3 OF ASSEMBLY, THE ASSEMBLY CODE IS
PLACED IN THIS AREA TEMPORARILY. ONCE W
HEN THE ASSEMBLY COMPLETE MESSAGE ID DIS
PLAYED IS THE CODE MOVED TO WHERE YOU WA
NT IT!..AND FINALLY.. THAT SEEMS TO
BE IT! YOU CAN START THE PROGRAM WITH SY
S64738 (COLD START). I HOPE I'VE NOT LEF
T ANYTHING OUT BUT IF YOU DO FIND SOMETH
ING I'VE NOT MENTIONED OR SOMETHING YOU
WANT EXPLAINING, OR EVEN, PERISH THE THO
UGHT, A BUG, THEN FEEL FREE TO CONTACT M
E VIA COMPUNET MBX DW28.. THIS MIGHT
BE AN OPPORTUNE MOMENT TO MENTION THE F
ACT THAT ALL DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING WAS
DONE BY ME (DAVE WEAVER).
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