T.BYTES 98
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): T.BYTES 98
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 5.7K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-12-01 19:06:20
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
43d04a507168a2017f87f2c6c8b0dc7ce6dbdf88e56b30fdd32eb146d42aa5c4
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 98 S 1 | T.BYTES 98 | PRG | Icebreaker | 23 | 10 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
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REQUIRES TH| 00000250: 41 54 20 59 4F 55 20 55 53 45 20 44 45 43 49 4D |AT YOU USE DECIM| 00000260: 41 4C 0D 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 53 3B 20 4D 41 43 48 |AL.NUMBERS; MACH| 00000270: 49 4E 45 20 4C 41 4E 47 55 41 47 45 20 49 53 20 |INE LANGUAGE IS | 00000280: 42 45 53 54 20 49 4E 0D 48 45 58 41 44 45 43 49 |BEST IN.HEXADECI| 00000290: 4D 41 4C 2E 20 20 C9 54 27 53 20 4E 4F 54 20 4E |MAL. .T'S NOT N| 000002A0: 45 43 45 53 53 41 52 59 20 42 55 54 0D 41 53 20 |ECESSARY BUT.AS | 000002B0: 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 45 52 2C 20 59 4F |A PROGRAMMER, YO| 000002C0: 55 27 4C 4C 20 4E 45 56 45 52 20 52 45 47 52 45 |U'LL NEVER REGRE| 000002D0: 54 0D 47 45 54 54 49 4E 47 20 46 41 4D 49 4C 49 |T.GETTING FAMILI| 000002E0: 41 52 20 57 49 54 48 20 48 45 58 2E 20 20 C2 55 |AR WITH HEX. .U| 000002F0: 54 20 46 4F 52 0D 54 48 49 53 20 41 52 54 49 43 |T FOR.THIS ARTIC| 00000300: 4C 45 2C 20 4C 45 54 27 53 20 53 54 49 43 4B 20 |LE, LET'S STICK | 00000310: 57 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 0D 4F 4C 44 20 46 41 4D |WITH THE.OLD FAM| 00000320: 49 4C 49 41 52 20 44 45 43 49 4D 41 4C 20 53 59 |ILIAR DECIMAL SY| 00000330: 53 54 45 4D 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C1 4E 20 CD CC |STEM... .N ..| 00000340: 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 4D 55 53 54 20 42 45 | ROUTINE MUST BE| 00000350: 20 50 4C 41 43 45 44 20 49 4E 0D 4D 45 4D 4F 52 | PLACED IN.MEMOR| 00000360: 59 20 53 4F 4D 45 57 48 45 52 45 2E 20 20 D5 53 |Y SOMEWHERE. .S| 00000370: 55 41 4C 4C 59 20 49 54 20 48 41 53 20 54 4F 0D |UALLY IT HAS TO.| 00000380: 42 45 20 50 4C 41 43 45 44 20 C5 D8 C1 C3 D4 CC |BE PLACED ......| 00000390: D9 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 CD CC 0D 50 |. WHERE THE ...P| 000003A0: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 45 52 20 57 52 4F 54 45 20 |ROGRAMMER WROTE | 000003B0: 49 54 20 54 4F 20 42 45 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 52 45 |IT TO BE. .HERE| 000003C0: 20 41 52 45 0D 4D 41 4E 59 20 41 52 45 41 53 20 | ARE.MANY AREAS | 000003D0: 54 48 41 54 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 55 53 45 44 |THAT CAN BE USED| 000003E0: 2C 20 57 49 54 48 0D 50 41 47 45 53 20 31 39 32 |, WITH.PAGES 192| 000003F0: 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 20 32 30 37 20 54 48 45 | THROUGH 207 THE| 00000400: 20 4D 4F 53 54 0D 50 4F 50 55 4C 41 52 2E 20 20 | MOST.POPULAR. | 00000410: D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 4B 4E 4F 57 4E 20 41 53 |.HIS IS KNOWN AS| 00000420: 20 54 48 45 20 24 43 30 30 30 0D 41 52 45 41 20 | THE $C000.AREA | 00000430: 2D 2D 20 54 48 45 20 22 C3 20 54 48 4F 55 53 41 |-- THE ". THOUSA| 00000440: 4E 44 22 20 41 52 45 41 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C1 |ND" AREA... .| 00000450: 20 47 4F 4F 44 20 CD CC 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D | GOOD .. PROGRAM| 00000460: 4D 45 52 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 54 45 4C 4C 0D 54 48 |MER WILL TELL.TH| 00000470: 45 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D |E ..... PROGRAMM| 00000480: 45 52 53 20 57 48 4F 20 4D 41 59 20 55 53 45 20 |ERS WHO MAY USE | 00000490: 48 49 53 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 42 4F 54 48 |HIS.PROGRAM BOTH| 000004A0: 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 41 52 54 49 4E 47 20 41 4E | THE STARTING AN| 000004B0: 44 20 45 4E 44 49 4E 47 0D 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 |D ENDING.ADDRESS| 000004C0: 45 53 20 4F 46 20 48 49 53 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E |ES OF HIS ROUTIN| 000004D0: 45 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 0D 44 4F 4E 27 54 |E. .F YOU.DON'T| 000004E0: 20 48 41 56 45 20 54 48 49 53 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 | HAVE THIS INFOR| 000004F0: 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 20 C9 0D 44 |MATION, THEN ..D| 00000500: 4F 4E 27 54 20 52 45 43 4F 4D 4D 45 4E 44 20 54 |ON'T RECOMMEND T| 00000510: 48 41 54 20 59 4F 55 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 |HAT YOU USE THE | 00000520: CD CC 0D 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 49 4E 20 59 4F |...ROUTINE IN YO| 00000530: 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 |UR PROGRAM... | 00000540: 20 CE 49 4E 45 20 54 49 4D 45 53 20 4F 55 54 20 | .INE TIMES OUT | 00000550: 4F 46 20 54 45 4E 2C 20 54 48 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 |OF TEN, THE NUMB| 00000560: 45 52 0D 59 4F 55 20 D3 D9 D3 20 54 4F 20 49 53 |ER.YOU ... TO IS| 00000570: 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 41 52 54 49 4E 47 20 41 44 | THE STARTING AD| 00000580: 44 52 45 53 53 20 4F 46 0D 41 4E 20 CD CC 20 52 |DRESS OF.AN .. R| 00000590: 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 2C 20 53 4F 20 49 46 20 59 4F |OUTINE, SO IF YO| 000005A0: 55 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 54 48 45 20 D3 D9 D3 0D 4E |U KNOW THE ....N| 000005B0: 55 4D 42 45 52 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 50 52 4F 42 41 |UMBER, YOU PROBA| 000005C0: 42 4C 59 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 |BLY KNOW WHERE T| 000005D0: 48 45 0D CD CC 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 4D 55 |HE... ROUTINE MU| 000005E0: 53 54 20 42 45 20 4C 4F 41 44 45 44 2E 0D 0D 20 |ST BE LOADED... | 000005F0: 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 4F 4E 45 20 57 | .HIS IS ONE W| 00000600: 41 59 20 4F 46 20 4C 4F 41 44 49 4E 47 20 41 4E |AY OF LOADING AN| 00000610: 20 CD CC 0D 4D 4F 44 55 4C 45 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 | ...MODULE INTO | 00000620: 50 4C 41 43 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 49 46 41 3D |PLACE:.. 10 IFA=| 00000630: 30 54 48 45 4E 41 3D 31 3A 4C 4F 41 44 22 52 4F |0THENA=1:LOAD"RO| 00000640: 55 54 49 4E 45 22 2C 38 2C 31 0D 0D D7 48 45 4E |UTINE",8,1...HEN| 00000650: 45 56 45 52 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 44 4F 45 53 20 |EVER ..... DOES | 00000660: 41 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 48 49 53 |A LOAD LIKE THIS| 00000670: 2C 0D 49 54 20 53 54 41 52 54 53 20 4F 56 45 52 |,.IT STARTS OVER| 00000680: 20 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 42 45 47 49 4E 4E 49 4E | AT THE BEGINNIN| 00000690: 47 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D |G OF.THE PROGRAM| 000006A0: 2E 20 20 D4 48 41 54 27 53 20 57 48 59 20 54 48 |. .HAT'S WHY TH| 000006B0: 49 53 20 4D 45 54 48 4F 44 0D 49 4E 43 4C 55 44 |IS METHOD.INCLUD| 000006C0: 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 50 41 52 54 0D 0D 20 49 46 |ES THE PART.. IF| 000006D0: 41 3D 30 54 48 45 4E 41 3D 31 0D 0D D4 48 49 53 |A=0THENA=1...HIS| 000006E0: 20 4B 45 45 50 53 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 | KEEPS THE PROGR| 000006F0: 41 4D 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 4C 4F 41 44 49 4E 47 0D |AM FROM LOADING.| 00000700: 54 48 45 20 CD CC 20 4F 56 45 52 20 41 4E 44 20 |THE .. OVER AND | 00000710: 4F 56 45 52 20 41 4E 44 20 4F 56 45 52 2E 2E 2E |OVER AND OVER...| 00000720: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C8 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 41 4E |.. .ERE IS AN| 00000730: 4F 54 48 45 52 20 57 41 59 20 4F 46 20 44 4F 49 |OTHER WAY OF DOI| 00000740: 4E 47 20 54 48 45 0D 53 41 4D 45 20 54 48 49 4E |NG THE.SAME THIN| 00000750: 47 2C 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 |G, ONLY THE PROG| 00000760: 52 41 4D 20 44 4F 45 53 4E 27 54 0D 52 45 54 55 |RAM DOESN'T.RETU| 00000770: 52 4E 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 42 45 47 49 4E 4E |RN TO THE BEGINN| 00000780: 49 4E 47 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 2E 0D 0D 20 |ING OF ........ | 00000790: 31 30 20 50 4F 4B 45 31 34 37 2C 30 3A 53 59 53 |10 POKE147,0:SYS| 000007A0: 35 37 38 31 32 22 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 22 2C 38 |57812"ROUTINE",8| 000007B0: 2C 31 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 20 53 59 53 36 32 36 33 |,1:. SYS6263| 000007C0: 31 0D 0D D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 53 49 4D 50 4C |1...HIS IS SIMPL| 000007D0: 45 20 41 4E 44 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 20 42 55 54 |E AND DIRECT BUT| 000007E0: 20 49 54 0D 44 4F 45 53 4E 27 54 20 46 41 53 54 | IT.DOESN'T FAST| 000007F0: 4C 4F 41 44 2E 20 20 C5 56 45 4E 20 49 46 20 59 |LOAD. .VEN IF Y| 00000800: 4F 55 27 56 45 20 47 4F 54 0D 41 20 54 45 52 52 |OU'VE GOT.A TERR| 00000810: 49 46 49 43 20 46 41 53 54 4C 4F 41 44 20 43 41 |IFIC FASTLOAD CA| 00000820: 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 20 4C 49 4B 45 0D D3 55 50 |RTRIDGE LIKE..UP| 00000830: 45 52 20 D3 4E 41 50 53 48 4F 54 2C 20 49 54 20 |ER .NAPSHOT, IT | 00000840: 4C 4F 41 44 53 20 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 4F 4C 44 |LOADS AT THE OLD| 00000850: 0D 31 35 34 31 20 53 4C 4F 57 20 53 50 45 45 44 |.1541 SLOW SPEED| 00000860: 2E 20 20 C6 4F 52 20 54 48 49 53 20 52 45 41 53 |. .OR THIS REAS| 00000870: 4F 4E 2C 20 57 45 0D 4E 45 56 45 52 20 55 53 45 |ON, WE.NEVER USE| 00000880: 20 54 48 49 53 20 4F 4E 20 CC CF C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 | THIS ON .......| 00000890: D2 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C2 4F 54 48 20 4F 46 20 |.... .OTH OF | 000008A0: 54 48 45 53 45 20 4D 45 54 48 4F 44 53 20 4C 4F |THESE METHODS LO| 000008B0: 41 44 20 54 48 45 0D 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 49 |AD THE.ROUTINE I| 000008C0: 4E 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 20 41 52 45 |NTO THE SAME ARE| 000008D0: 41 20 49 54 20 57 41 53 0D 53 41 56 45 44 2C 20 |A IT WAS.SAVED, | 000008E0: 57 48 49 43 48 2C 20 49 4E 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 43 |WHICH, IN MOST C| 000008F0: 41 53 45 53 2C 20 49 53 20 57 48 45 52 45 0D 57 |ASES, IS WHERE.W| 00000900: 45 20 57 41 4E 54 20 49 54 20 4C 4F 41 44 45 44 |E WANT IT LOADED| 00000910: 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F |... .HE FOLLO| 00000920: 57 49 4E 47 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 4D 45 54 48 |WING IS THE METH| 00000930: 4F 44 20 57 45 0D 55 53 45 20 41 4E 44 20 52 45 |OD WE.USE AND RE| 00000940: 43 4F 4D 4D 45 4E 44 20 46 4F 52 20 4C 4F 41 44 |COMMEND FOR LOAD| 00000950: 49 4E 47 20 CD CC 20 4F 52 0D 41 4E 59 20 4B 49 |ING .. OR.ANY KI| 00000960: 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 42 49 4E 41 52 59 20 46 49 4C |ND OF BINARY FIL| 00000970: 45 2E 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 53 59 53 35 37 38 31 32 |E... 10 SYS57812| 00000980: 22 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 22 2C 38 2C 30 3A 50 4F |"ROUTINE",8,0:PO| 00000990: 4B 45 37 38 30 2C 30 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 20 50 4F |KE780,0:. PO| 000009A0: 4B 45 37 38 31 2C 4C 42 3A 50 4F 4B 45 37 38 32 |KE781,LB:POKE782| 000009B0: 2C 48 42 3A 53 59 53 36 35 34 39 33 0D 0D D4 48 |,HB:SYS65493...H| 000009C0: 49 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 46 41 53 54 4C 4F 41 44 |IS WILL FASTLOAD| 000009D0: 2E 20 20 C9 54 20 41 4C 53 4F 20 57 49 4C 4C 0D |. .T ALSO WILL.| 000009E0: 4C 4F 41 44 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 20 57 48 |LOAD THE FILE WH| 000009F0: 45 52 45 56 45 52 20 57 45 20 57 41 4E 54 2E 20 |EREVER WE WANT. | 00000A00: 20 C9 4E 0D 4D 59 20 4F 50 49 4E 49 4F 4E 2C 20 | .N.MY OPINION, | 00000A10: 53 49 4E 43 45 20 59 4F 55 20 53 48 4F 55 4C 44 |SINCE YOU SHOULD| 00000A20: 20 4B 4E 4F 57 0D 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 | KNOW.WHERE THE | 00000A30: CD CC 20 49 53 20 54 4F 20 52 45 53 49 44 45 2C |.. IS TO RESIDE,| 00000A40: 20 54 48 45 20 46 45 57 0D 45 58 54 52 41 20 53 | THE FEW.EXTRA S| 00000A50: 54 45 50 53 20 59 4F 55 20 4E 45 45 44 20 54 4F |TEPS YOU NEED TO| 00000A60: 20 47 4F 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 20 54 4F 0D 46 | GO THROUGH TO.F| 00000A70: 49 4E 44 20 22 4C 42 22 20 28 4C 4F 57 20 42 59 |IND "LB" (LOW BY| 00000A80: 54 45 29 20 41 4E 44 20 22 48 42 20 28 48 49 47 |TE) AND "HB (HIG| 00000A90: 48 0D 42 59 54 45 29 20 41 52 45 20 57 4F 52 54 |H.BYTE) ARE WORT| 00000AA0: 48 20 54 48 45 20 45 58 54 52 41 20 4C 4F 41 44 |H THE EXTRA LOAD| 00000AB0: 20 53 50 45 45 44 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C8 45 52 | SPEED... .ER| 00000AC0: 45 27 53 20 48 4F 57 20 59 4F 55 20 46 49 4E 44 |E'S HOW YOU FIND| 00000AD0: 20 48 42 20 41 4E 44 20 4C 42 2E 0D D4 48 45 20 | HB AND LB...HE | 00000AE0: 48 42 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 50 41 47 45 20 4E |HB IS THE PAGE N| 00000AF0: 55 4D 42 45 52 2C 20 50 55 52 45 20 41 4E 44 0D |UMBER, PURE AND.| 00000B00: 53 49 4D 50 4C 45 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4C 4F 57 |SIMPLE. .HE LOW| 00000B10: 20 42 59 54 45 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 42 59 54 | BYTE IS THE BYT| 00000B20: 45 20 4F 4E 0D 54 48 41 54 20 50 41 47 45 20 57 |E ON.THAT PAGE W| 00000B30: 48 45 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 |HERE THE ROUTINE| 00000B40: 20 53 54 41 52 54 53 2E 0D C7 45 4E 45 52 41 4C | STARTS...ENERAL| 00000B50: 4C 59 20 54 48 45 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 57 |LY THE ROUTINE W| 00000B60: 49 4C 4C 20 53 54 41 52 54 20 41 54 0D 54 48 45 |ILL START AT.THE| 00000B70: 20 42 45 47 49 4E 4E 49 4E 47 20 4F 46 20 41 20 | BEGINNING OF A | 00000B80: 50 41 47 45 20 53 4F 20 4C 42 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 |PAGE SO LB WILL | 00000B90: 42 45 0D 30 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CC 45 54 27 53 |BE.0... .ET'S| 00000BA0: 20 53 41 59 20 59 4F 55 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 20 | SAY YOU HAVE A | 00000BB0: 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 54 48 41 54 0D 49 53 20 |ROUTINE THAT.IS | 00000BC0: 43 41 4C 4C 45 44 20 42 59 20 D3 D9 D3 34 39 31 |CALLED BY ...491| 00000BD0: 35 32 2C 20 41 43 43 4F 52 44 49 4E 47 20 54 4F |52, ACCORDING TO| 00000BE0: 0D 54 48 45 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F 4E |.THE INSTRUCTION| 00000BF0: 53 2E 20 20 D4 4F 20 46 49 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 |S. .O FIND THE | 00000C00: 50 41 47 45 0D 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 2C 20 44 49 56 |PAGE.NUMBER, DIV| 00000C10: 49 44 45 20 34 39 31 35 32 20 42 59 20 32 35 36 |IDE 49152 BY 256| 00000C20: 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 47 45 54 0D 31 39 32 2E 20 |. .OU GET.192. | 00000C30: 20 D4 4F 20 46 49 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 4C 4F 57 | .O FIND THE LOW| 00000C40: 20 42 59 54 45 2C 20 4D 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 59 0D | BYTE, MULTIPLY.| 00000C50: 54 48 45 20 50 41 47 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 |THE PAGE NUMBER | 00000C60: 42 59 20 32 35 36 20 41 4E 44 20 53 55 42 54 52 |BY 256 AND SUBTR| 00000C70: 41 43 54 0D 54 48 41 54 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 34 39 |ACT.THAT FROM 49| 00000C80: 31 35 32 2E 20 20 C9 4E 20 4F 54 48 45 52 20 57 |152. .N OTHER W| 00000C90: 4F 52 44 53 2C 20 59 4F 55 0D 41 52 45 20 46 49 |ORDS, YOU.ARE FI| 00000CA0: 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 52 45 4D 41 49 4E |NDING THE REMAIN| 00000CB0: 44 45 52 20 57 48 45 4E 20 34 39 31 35 32 0D 49 |DER WHEN 49152.I| 00000CC0: 53 20 44 49 56 49 44 45 44 20 42 59 20 32 35 36 |S DIVIDED BY 256| 00000CD0: 2E 20 20 C9 4E 20 54 48 49 53 20 43 41 53 45 2C |. .N THIS CASE,| 00000CE0: 20 54 48 45 0D 52 45 4D 41 49 4E 44 45 52 20 49 | THE.REMAINDER I| 00000CF0: 53 20 30 2E 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 |S 0. .HIS MEANS| 00000D00: 20 4C 42 20 3D 20 30 0D 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 | LB = 0.AND THE | 00000D10: 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 53 54 41 52 54 53 20 41 |ROUTINE STARTS A| 00000D20: 54 20 54 48 45 0D 42 45 47 49 4E 4E 49 4E 47 20 |T THE.BEGINNING | 00000D30: 4F 46 20 50 41 47 45 20 31 39 32 2E 0D 0D 20 20 |OF PAGE 192... | 00000D40: 20 20 D9 4F 55 52 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 43 4F 4E 43 | .OUR ONLY CONC| 00000D50: 45 52 4E 20 57 48 45 4E 20 57 4F 52 4B 49 4E 47 |ERN WHEN WORKING| 00000D60: 0D 57 49 54 48 20 CD CC 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 |.WITH .. ROUTINE| 00000D70: 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 49 4E 54 4F |S THAT LOAD INTO| 00000D80: 20 54 48 45 0D 24 43 30 30 30 20 41 52 45 41 20 | THE.$C000 AREA | 00000D90: 49 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 59 20 44 4F 4E |IS THAT THEY DON| 00000DA0: 27 54 0D 4F 56 45 52 4C 41 50 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 |'T.OVERLAP. .OU| 00000DB0: 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 48 41 56 45 20 54 4F 20 57 4F | ONLY HAVE TO WO| 00000DC0: 52 52 59 0D 41 42 4F 55 54 20 54 48 49 53 20 57 |RRY.ABOUT THIS W| 00000DD0: 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 55 53 49 4E |HEN YOU ARE USIN| 00000DE0: 47 20 4D 4F 52 45 0D 54 48 41 4E 20 4F 4E 45 20 |G MORE.THAN ONE | 00000DF0: CD CC 20 46 49 4C 45 2E 20 20 C7 45 54 20 41 20 |.. FILE. .ET A | 00000E00: 46 49 52 4D 20 47 52 41 53 50 0D 4F 4E 20 54 48 |FIRM GRASP.ON TH| 00000E10: 45 20 43 4F 4E 43 45 50 54 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 |E CONCEPT BEFORE| 00000E20: 20 59 4F 55 20 54 52 59 20 55 53 49 4E 47 0D 4D | YOU TRY USING.M| 00000E30: 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 45 20 CD CC 20 52 4F 55 54 49 |ULTIPLE .. ROUTI| 00000E40: 4E 45 53 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D3 4F 4D 45 54 49 |NES... .OMETI| 00000E50: 4D 45 53 20 CD CC 20 49 53 20 57 52 49 54 54 45 |MES .. IS WRITTE| 00000E60: 4E 20 46 4F 52 0D 4C 4F 43 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 |N FOR.LOCATIONS | 00000E70: 4F 54 48 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 54 48 45 20 24 |OTHER THAN THE $| 00000E80: 43 30 30 30 20 41 52 45 41 2E 0D D3 4F 4D 45 54 |C000 AREA...OMET| 00000E90: 49 4D 45 53 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 49 53 20 54 |IMES MEMORY IS T| 00000EA0: 4F 20 42 45 20 54 41 4B 45 4E 20 41 57 41 59 0D |O BE TAKEN AWAY.| 00000EB0: 46 52 4F 4D 20 54 48 45 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 50 |FROM THE ..... P| 00000EC0: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 53 54 4F 52 41 47 45 20 41 |ROGRAM STORAGE A| 00000ED0: 52 45 41 2E 0D D4 48 45 20 41 52 45 41 20 52 45 |REA...HE AREA RE| 00000EE0: 53 45 52 56 45 44 20 46 4F 52 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 |SERVED FOR .....| 00000EF0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 0D 49 53 20 46 52 4F | PROGRAMS.IS FRO| 00000F00: 4D 20 50 41 47 45 20 38 20 54 4F 20 50 41 47 45 |M PAGE 8 TO PAGE| 00000F10: 20 31 36 30 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 0D 43 | 160. .OU CAN.C| 00000F20: 48 41 4E 47 45 20 54 48 45 53 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 |HANGE THESE NUMB| 00000F30: 45 52 53 2E 20 20 D4 4F 20 43 48 41 4E 47 45 20 |ERS. .O CHANGE | 00000F40: 54 48 45 0D 53 54 41 52 54 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 |THE.START OF ...| 00000F50: C9 C3 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 50 41 47 45 20 38 20 54 |.. FROM PAGE 8 T| 00000F60: 4F 20 50 41 47 45 20 31 36 0D 59 4F 55 27 44 20 |O PAGE 16.YOU'D | 00000F70: 44 4F 20 54 48 49 53 3A 0D 0D 20 50 4F 4B 45 31 |DO THIS:.. POKE1| 00000F80: 36 2A 32 35 36 2C 30 3A 50 4F 4B 45 34 34 2C 31 |6*256,0:POKE44,1| 00000F90: 36 0D 0D C1 42 4F 55 54 20 54 48 45 20 4F 4E 4C |6...BOUT THE ONL| 00000FA0: 59 20 54 48 49 4E 47 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 |Y THING YOU CAN | 00000FB0: 44 4F 20 41 46 54 45 52 0D 54 48 49 53 2C 20 49 |DO AFTER.THIS, I| 00000FC0: 46 20 49 54 27 53 20 49 4E 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 |F IT'S IN A PROG| 00000FD0: 52 41 4D 2C 20 49 53 20 42 4F 4F 54 0D 55 50 20 |RAM, IS BOOT.UP | 00000FE0: 41 4E 4F 54 48 45 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E |ANOTHER PROGRAM.| 00000FF0: 20 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 47 45 | ..... WOULD GE| 00001000: 54 0D 51 55 49 54 45 20 43 4F 4E 46 55 53 45 44 |T.QUITE CONFUSED| 00001010: 20 49 46 20 59 4F 55 52 20 43 4F 44 45 20 49 53 | IF YOUR CODE IS| 00001020: 20 4F 4E 0D 50 41 47 45 20 38 20 42 55 54 20 59 | ON.PAGE 8 BUT Y| 00001030: 4F 55 20 54 45 4C 4C 20 54 48 45 20 C3 D0 D5 20 |OU TELL THE ... | 00001040: 54 48 41 54 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 49 53 20 4E 4F |THAT...... IS NO| 00001050: 57 20 53 54 41 52 54 49 4E 47 20 41 54 20 50 41 |W STARTING AT PA| 00001060: 47 45 20 31 36 2E 20 20 C9 46 0D 59 4F 55 20 44 |GE 16. .F.YOU D| 00001070: 49 44 4E 27 54 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 43 4F 44 45 20 |IDN'T LOAD CODE | 00001080: 54 48 45 52 45 2C 20 4F 52 0D 41 4C 52 45 41 44 |THERE, OR.ALREAD| 00001090: 59 20 48 41 56 45 20 43 4F 44 45 20 54 48 45 52 |Y HAVE CODE THER| 000010A0: 45 2C 20 59 4F 55 27 44 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 0D |E, YOU'D HAVE A.| 000010B0: 43 52 41 53 48 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 |CRASH... .HE | 000010C0: 50 4F 4B 45 31 36 2A 32 35 36 2C 30 20 49 53 20 |POKE16*256,0 IS | 000010D0: 4E 45 43 45 53 53 41 52 59 0D 42 45 43 41 55 53 |NECESSARY.BECAUS| 000010E0: 45 20 57 48 45 52 45 56 45 52 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 |E WHEREVER .....| 000010F0: 20 49 53 2C 20 49 54 20 4D 55 53 54 0D 53 54 41 | IS, IT MUST.STA| 00001100: 52 54 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 30 20 42 59 54 45 |RT WITH A 0 BYTE| 00001110: 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 4F 20 43 48 41 4E 47 45 |... .O CHANGE| 00001120: 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 | THE END OF ....| 00001130: C3 20 54 4F 0D 50 41 47 45 20 31 35 32 20 59 4F |. TO.PAGE 152 YO| 00001140: 55 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 44 4F 20 54 48 49 53 3A |U WOULD DO THIS:| 00001150: 0D 0D 20 50 4F 4B 45 35 35 2C 30 3A 50 4F 4B 45 |.. POKE55,0:POKE| 00001160: 35 36 2C 31 35 32 3A 43 4C 52 0D 0D D4 48 49 53 |56,152:CLR...HIS| 00001170: 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 20 59 4F 55 | WOULD ALLOW YOU| 00001180: 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 50 41 47 45 53 20 31 35 | TO USE PAGES 15| 00001190: 32 0D 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 20 31 35 39 20 46 4F |2.THROUGH 159 FO| 000011A0: 52 20 CD CC 20 4F 52 20 4F 54 48 45 52 20 44 41 |R .. OR OTHER DA| 000011B0: 54 41 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 0D 42 45 47 49 4E 4E 49 |TA. .HE.BEGINNI| 000011C0: 4E 47 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 43 48 41 4E |NG OF ..... CHAN| 000011D0: 47 45 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 0D 59 |GE WOULD ALLOW.Y| 000011E0: 4F 55 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 50 41 47 45 53 20 |OU TO USE PAGES | 000011F0: 38 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 20 31 35 2E 0D 0D 20 |8 THROUGH 15... | 00001200: 20 20 20 D3 4F 2C 20 49 4E 20 41 20 4E 55 54 53 | .O, IN A NUTS| 00001210: 48 45 4C 4C 2C 20 48 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 57 48 |HELL, HERE IS WH| 00001220: 41 54 0D 59 4F 55 20 4E 45 45 44 20 54 4F 20 48 |AT.YOU NEED TO H| 00001230: 41 56 45 20 49 4E 20 59 4F 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 |AVE IN YOUR PROG| 00001240: 52 41 4D 20 49 4E 0D 4F 52 44 45 52 20 54 4F 20 |RAM IN.ORDER TO | 00001250: 55 53 45 20 53 4F 4D 45 4F 4E 45 20 45 4C 53 45 |USE SOMEONE ELSE| 00001260: 27 53 20 CD CC 0D 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 2E 20 20 |'S ...ROUTINE. | 00001270: CC 45 54 27 53 20 53 41 59 20 54 48 45 20 52 4F |.ET'S SAY THE RO| 00001280: 55 54 49 4E 45 20 49 53 0D 43 41 4C 4C 45 44 20 |UTINE IS.CALLED | 00001290: 57 49 54 48 20 D3 D9 D3 34 39 31 35 32 2E 0D 0D |WITH ...49152...| 000012A0: 20 31 30 20 52 45 4D 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 54 48 45 | 10 REM LOAD THE| 000012B0: 20 4D 4C 0D 0D 20 32 30 20 53 59 53 35 37 38 31 | ML.. 20 SYS5781| 000012C0: 32 22 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 22 2C 38 2C 30 3A 50 |2"ROUTINE",8,0:P| 000012D0: 4F 4B 45 37 38 30 2C 30 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 20 50 |OKE780,0:. P| 000012E0: 4F 4B 45 37 38 31 2C 30 3A 50 4F 4B 45 37 38 32 |OKE781,0:POKE782| 000012F0: 2C 31 39 32 3A 53 59 53 36 35 34 39 33 0D 0D 20 |,192:SYS65493.. | 00001300: 31 30 30 20 53 59 53 34 39 31 35 32 3A 52 45 4D |100 SYS49152:REM| 00001310: 20 44 4F 20 54 48 45 20 4A 4F 42 0D 0D 20 20 20 | DO THE JOB.. | 00001320: C9 46 20 54 48 45 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 20 57 |.F THE ROUTINE W| 00001330: 45 52 45 20 43 41 4C 4C 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 0D |ERE CALLED WITH.| 00001340: D3 D9 D3 31 36 33 38 34 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 20 59 |...16384, THEN Y| 00001350: 4F 55 27 44 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 50 4F 4B 45 36 |OU'D:.. 10 POKE6| 00001360: 34 2A 32 35 36 2C 30 3A 50 4F 4B 45 35 35 2C 30 |4*256,0:POKE55,0| 00001370: 3A 50 4F 4B 45 35 36 2C 36 34 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 |:POKE56,64:. | 00001380: 20 43 4C 52 3A 52 45 4D 20 4D 4F 56 45 20 54 4F | CLR:REM MOVE TO| 00001390: 50 20 4F 46 20 42 41 53 49 43 20 44 4F 57 4E 0D |P OF BASIC DOWN.| 000013A0: 20 20 20 20 20 46 52 45 45 49 4E 47 20 55 50 20 | FREEING UP | 000013B0: 50 41 47 45 53 20 36 34 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 |PAGES 64 THROUGH| 000013C0: 20 31 35 39 0D 0D 20 32 30 20 53 59 53 35 37 38 | 159.. 20 SYS578| 000013D0: 31 32 22 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 22 2C 38 2C 30 3A |12"ROUTINE",8,0:| 000013E0: 50 4F 4B 45 37 38 30 2C 30 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 20 |POKE780,0:. | 000013F0: 50 4F 4B 45 37 38 31 2C 30 3A 50 4F 4B 45 37 38 |POKE781,0:POKE78| 00001400: 32 2C 36 34 3A 53 59 53 36 35 34 39 33 0D 0D 20 |2,64:SYS65493.. | 00001410: 31 30 30 20 53 59 53 31 36 33 38 34 3A 52 45 4D |100 SYS16384:REM| 00001420: 20 44 4F 20 54 48 45 20 4A 4F 42 0D 0D CE 4F 54 | DO THE JOB...OT| 00001430: 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 |E THAT THE NUMBE| 00001440: 52 20 D0 CF CB C5 44 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 37 38 32 |R ....D INTO 782| 00001450: 0D 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 50 41 47 45 20 4E 55 4D |.IS THE PAGE NUM| 00001460: 42 45 52 2C 20 4F 52 20 54 48 45 20 D3 D9 D3 20 |BER, OR THE ... | 00001470: 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 0D 44 49 56 49 44 45 44 20 42 |NUMBER.DIVIDED B| 00001480: 59 20 32 35 36 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C1 53 20 41 |Y 256... .S A| 00001490: 4E 20 45 58 50 45 52 49 45 4E 43 45 44 20 C2 C1 |N EXPERIENCED ..| 000014A0: D3 C9 C3 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 45 52 20 57 |....PROGRAMMER W| 000014B0: 48 4F 20 55 53 45 53 20 48 49 53 20 42 55 49 4C |HO USES HIS BUIL| 000014C0: 54 2D 49 4E 0D D3 55 50 45 52 20 D3 4E 41 50 53 |T-IN..UPER .NAPS| 000014D0: 48 4F 54 20 CD CC 20 4D 4F 4E 49 54 4F 52 20 44 |HOT .. MONITOR D| 000014E0: 41 49 4C 59 2C 20 C9 0D 48 41 56 45 20 4E 4F 20 |AILY, ..HAVE NO | 000014F0: 50 52 4F 42 4C 45 4D 53 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 4F |PROBLEMS USING O| 00001500: 54 48 45 52 20 50 45 4F 50 4C 45 27 53 0D CD CC |THER PEOPLE'S...| 00001510: 2E 20 20 C9 54 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 54 41 4B 45 20 |. .T WILL TAKE | 00001520: 59 4F 55 20 41 20 57 48 49 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 47 |YOU A WHILE TO G| 00001530: 45 54 0D 41 53 20 43 4F 4D 46 4F 52 54 41 42 4C |ET.AS COMFORTABL| 00001540: 45 20 41 53 20 C9 20 41 4D 2C 20 42 55 54 20 53 |E AS . AM, BUT S| 00001550: 54 55 44 59 49 4E 47 0D CD CC 20 52 4F 55 54 49 |TUDYING... ROUTI| 00001560: 4E 45 53 20 49 4E 20 41 20 4D 4F 4E 49 54 4F 52 |NES IN A MONITOR| 00001570: 20 49 53 20 41 20 47 4F 4F 44 0D 57 41 59 20 54 | IS A GOOD.WAY T| 00001580: 4F 20 53 54 41 52 54 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CC CF |O START... ..| 00001590: C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 D2 20 48 41 53 20 50 55 42 4C 49 |...... HAS PUBLI| 000015A0: 53 48 45 44 20 48 55 4E 44 52 45 44 53 0D 4F 46 |SHED HUNDREDS.OF| 000015B0: 20 CD CC 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 53 20 4F 56 45 | .. ROUTINES OVE| 000015C0: 52 20 54 48 45 20 59 45 41 52 53 2E 0D D4 48 45 |R THE YEARS...HE| 000015D0: 59 27 52 45 20 41 4C 4C 20 59 4F 55 52 53 20 54 |Y'RE ALL YOURS T| 000015E0: 4F 20 55 53 45 20 49 46 20 59 4F 55 20 4B 4E 4F |O USE IF YOU KNO| 000015F0: 57 0D 48 4F 57 20 54 4F 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 41 4E |W.HOW TO LOAD AN| 00001600: 44 20 43 41 4C 4C 20 54 48 45 4D 2E 20 20 CD 41 |D CALL THEM. .A| 00001610: 59 42 45 0D 53 4F 4D 45 20 50 45 4F 50 4C 45 20 |YBE.SOME PEOPLE | 00001620: 4F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 54 4F 20 4F 54 48 45 52 53 |OBJECT TO OTHERS| 00001630: 20 55 53 49 4E 47 0D 54 48 45 49 52 20 43 4F 44 | USING.THEIR COD| 00001640: 45 2C 20 42 55 54 20 4E 4F 54 20 CC CF C1 C4 D3 |E, BUT NOT .....| 00001650: D4 C1 D2 20 41 55 54 48 4F 52 53 2E 0D D7 45 20 |... AUTHORS...E | 00001660: 57 41 4E 54 20 59 4F 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 |WANT YOUR PROGRA| 00001670: 4D 53 20 54 4F 20 42 45 20 49 4E 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 |MS TO BE IN ....| 00001680: C3 2C 0D 57 49 54 48 20 CD CC 20 4D 4F 44 55 4C |.,.WITH .. MODUL| 00001690: 45 53 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 45 20 50 41 52 54 53 |ES FOR THE PARTS| 000016A0: 20 54 48 41 54 0D 41 52 45 20 54 4F 4F 20 53 4C | THAT.ARE TOO SL| 000016B0: 4F 57 20 4F 52 20 42 4F 52 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 |OW OR BORING TO | 000016C0: 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0D 0D C6 D4 0D 20 20 20 |PROGRAM...... | 000016D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 20 C5 4E 44 20 4F | **** .ND O| 000016E0: 46 20 D4 45 58 54 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 0D |F .EXT ****. |
... BYTES: USING ML FROM BASIC..
BY FENDER TUCKER... A QUESTIO
N OFTEN ASKED BY.BEGINNING PROGRAMMERS I
S, "HOW CAN I.USE MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTI
NES IN MY.BASIC PROGRAM?".. I'M SURE
I'VE WRITTEN ABOUT THIS.BEFORE ON LOADST
AR BUT IT'S A TOPIC.THAT BEARS REPEATING
. THERE ARE SOME.THINGS THAT ARE JUST T
OO SLOW TO DO.IN BASIC. THE SOLUTION IS
A MACHINE.LANGUAGE ROUTINE, BUT HOW DO
YOU USE.ML FROM BASIC? IT'S EASY ONCE Y
OU.UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLES... FIRST
, LEARN TO VISUALIZE YOUR.COMPUTER AS HA
VING 256 PAGES OF.MEMORY, EACH OF WHICH
HAS 256 BYTES..BASIC REQUIRES THAT YOU U
SE DECIMAL.NUMBERS; MACHINE LANGUAGE IS
BEST IN.HEXADECIMAL. IT'S NOT NECESSARY
BUT.AS A PROGRAMMER, YOU'LL NEVER REGRE
T.GETTING FAMILIAR WITH HEX. BUT FOR.TH
IS ARTICLE, LET'S STICK WITH THE.OLD FAM
ILIAR DECIMAL SYSTEM... AN ML ROUTINE
MUST BE PLACED IN.MEMORY SOMEWHERE. US
UALLY IT HAS TO.BE PLACED EXACTLY WHERE
THE ML.PROGRAMMER WROTE IT TO BE. THERE
ARE.MANY AREAS THAT CAN BE USED, WITH.P
AGES 192 THROUGH 207 THE MOST.POPULAR.
THIS IS KNOWN AS THE $C000.AREA -- THE "
C THOUSAND" AREA... A GOOD ML PROGRAM
MER WILL TELL.THE BASIC PROGRAMMERS WHO
MAY USE HIS.PROGRAM BOTH THE STARTING AN
D ENDING.ADDRESSES OF HIS ROUTINE. IF Y
OU.DON'T HAVE THIS INFORMATION, THEN I.D
ON'T RECOMMEND THAT YOU USE THE ML.ROUTI
NE IN YOUR PROGRAM... NINE TIMES OUT
OF TEN, THE NUMBER.YOU SYS TO IS THE STA
RTING ADDRESS OF.AN ML ROUTINE, SO IF YO
U KNOW THE SYS.NUMBER, YOU PROBABLY KNOW
WHERE THE.ML ROUTINE MUST BE LOADED...
THIS IS ONE WAY OF LOADING AN ML.MODU
LE INTO PLACE:.. 10 IFA=0THENA=1:LOAD"RO
UTINE",8,1..WHENEVER BASIC DOES A LOAD L
IKE THIS,.IT STARTS OVER AT THE BEGINNIN
G OF.THE PROGRAM. THAT'S WHY THIS METHO
D.INCLUDES THE PART.. IFA=0THENA=1..THIS
KEEPS THE PROGRAM FROM LOADING.THE ML O
VER AND OVER AND OVER..... HERE IS AN
OTHER WAY OF DOING THE.SAME THING, ONLY
THE PROGRAM DOESN'T.RETURN TO THE BEGINN
ING OF BASIC... 10 POKE147,0:SYS57812"RO
UTINE",8,1:. SYS62631..THIS IS SIMPL
E AND DIRECT BUT IT.DOESN'T FASTLOAD. E
VEN IF YOU'VE GOT.A TERRIFIC FASTLOAD CA
RTRIDGE LIKE.SUPER SNAPSHOT, IT LOADS AT
THE OLD.1541 SLOW SPEED. FOR THIS REAS
ON, WE.NEVER USE THIS ON LOADSTAR...
BOTH OF THESE METHODS LOAD THE.ROUTINE I
NTO THE SAME AREA IT WAS.SAVED, WHICH, I
N MOST CASES, IS WHERE.WE WANT IT LOADED
... THE FOLLOWING IS THE METHOD WE.US
E AND RECOMMEND FOR LOADING ML OR.ANY KI
ND OF BINARY FILE... 10 SYS57812"ROUTINE
",8,0:POKE780,0:. POKE781,LB:POKE782
,HB:SYS65493..THIS WILL FASTLOAD. IT AL
SO WILL.LOAD THE FILE WHEREVER WE WANT.
IN.MY OPINION, SINCE YOU SHOULD KNOW.WH
ERE THE ML IS TO RESIDE, THE FEW.EXTRA S
TEPS YOU NEED TO GO THROUGH TO.FIND "LB"
(LOW BYTE) AND "HB (HIGH.BYTE) ARE WORT
H THE EXTRA LOAD SPEED... HERE'S HOW
YOU FIND HB AND LB..THE HB IS THE PAGE N
UMBER, PURE AND.SIMPLE. THE LOW BYTE IS
THE BYTE ON.THAT PAGE WHERE THE ROUTINE
STARTS..GENERALLY THE ROUTINE WILL STAR
T AT.THE BEGINNING OF A PAGE SO LB WILL
BE.0... LET'S SAY YOU HAVE A ROUTINE
THAT.IS CALLED BY SYS49152, ACCORDING TO
.THE INSTRUCTIONS. TO FIND THE PAGE.NUM
BER, DIVIDE 49152 BY 256. YOU GET.192.
TO FIND THE LOW BYTE, MULTIPLY.THE PAGE
NUMBER BY 256 AND SUBTRACT.THAT FROM 49
152. IN OTHER WORDS, YOU.ARE FINDING TH
E REMAINDER WHEN 49152.IS DIVIDED BY 256
. IN THIS CASE, THE.REMAINDER IS 0. TH
IS MEANS LB = 0.AND THE ROUTINE STARTS A
T THE.BEGINNING OF PAGE 192... YOUR O
NLY CONCERN WHEN WORKING.WITH ML ROUTINE
S THAT LOAD INTO THE.$C000 AREA IS THAT
THEY DON'T.OVERLAP. YOU ONLY HAVE TO WO
RRY.ABOUT THIS WHEN YOU ARE USING MORE.T
HAN ONE ML FILE. GET A FIRM GRASP.ON TH
E CONCEPT BEFORE YOU TRY USING.MULTIPLE
ML ROUTINES... SOMETIMES ML IS WRITTE
N FOR.LOCATIONS OTHER THAN THE $C000 ARE
A..SOMETIMES MEMORY IS TO BE TAKEN AWAY.
FROM THE BASIC PROGRAM STORAGE AREA..THE
AREA RESERVED FOR BASIC PROGRAMS.IS FRO
M PAGE 8 TO PAGE 160. YOU CAN.CHANGE TH
ESE NUMBERS. TO CHANGE THE.START OF BAS
IC FROM PAGE 8 TO PAGE 16.YOU'D DO THIS:
.. POKE16*256,0:POKE44,16..ABOUT THE ONL
Y THING YOU CAN DO AFTER.THIS, IF IT'S I
N A PROGRAM, IS BOOT.UP ANOTHER PROGRAM.
BASIC WOULD GET.QUITE CONFUSED IF YOUR
CODE IS ON.PAGE 8 BUT YOU TELL THE CPU
THAT.BASIC IS NOW STARTING AT PAGE 16.
IF.YOU DIDN'T LOAD CODE THERE, OR.ALREAD
Y HAVE CODE THERE, YOU'D HAVE A.CRASH...
THE POKE16*256,0 IS NECESSARY.BECAUS
E WHEREVER BASIC IS, IT MUST.START WITH
A 0 BYTE... TO CHANGE THE END OF BASI
C TO.PAGE 152 YOU WOULD DO THIS:.. POKE5
5,0:POKE56,152:CLR..THIS WOULD ALLOW YOU
TO USE PAGES 152.THROUGH 159 FOR ML OR
OTHER DATA. THE.BEGINNING OF BASIC CHAN
GE WOULD ALLOW.YOU TO USE PAGES 8 THROUG
H 15... SO, IN A NUTSHELL, HERE IS WH
AT.YOU NEED TO HAVE IN YOUR PROGRAM IN.O
RDER TO USE SOMEONE ELSE'S ML.ROUTINE.
LET'S SAY THE ROUTINE IS.CALLED WITH SYS
49152... 10 REM LOAD THE ML.. 20 SYS5781
2"ROUTINE",8,0:POKE780,0:. POKE781,0
:POKE782,192:SYS65493.. 100 SYS49152:REM
DO THE JOB.. IF THE ROUTINE WERE CALL
ED WITH.SYS16384, THEN YOU'D:.. 10 POKE6
4*256,0:POKE55,0:POKE56,64:. CLR:REM
MOVE TOP OF BASIC DOWN. FREEING UP
PAGES 64 THROUGH 159.. 20 SYS57812"ROUTI
NE",8,0:POKE780,0:. POKE781,0:POKE78
2,64:SYS65493.. 100 SYS16384:REM DO THE
JOB..NOTE THAT THE NUMBER POKED INTO 782
.IS THE PAGE NUMBER, OR THE SYS NUMBER.D
IVIDED BY 256... AS AN EXPERIENCED BA
SIC.PROGRAMMER WHO USES HIS BUILT-IN.SUP
ER SNAPSHOT ML MONITOR DAILY, I.HAVE NO
PROBLEMS USING OTHER PEOPLE'S.ML. IT WI
LL TAKE YOU A WHILE TO GET.AS COMFORTABL
E AS I AM, BUT STUDYING.ML ROUTINES IN A
MONITOR IS A GOOD.WAY TO START... LO
ADSTAR HAS PUBLISHED HUNDREDS.OF ML ROUT
INES OVER THE YEARS..THEY'RE ALL YOURS T
O USE IF YOU KNOW.HOW TO LOAD AND CALL T
HEM. MAYBE.SOME PEOPLE OBJECT TO OTHERS
USING.THEIR CODE, BUT NOT LOADSTAR AUTH
ORS..WE WANT YOUR PROGRAMS TO BE IN BASI
C,.WITH ML MODULES FOR THE PARTS THAT.AR
E TOO SLOW OR BORING TO PROGRAM...FT.
**** END OF TEXT ****.
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