HARDWAREHACKS.TY
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): HARDWAREHACKS.TY
FILE TYPE(S): SEQ
FILE SIZE: 45K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-10-19 22:35:45
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
4f3b1c9d1bb6fa529d986c98593eebfa099fccca64593ebe682a685e937e7044
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBM RULEZ | HARDWAREHACKS.TY | SEQ | Radd Maxx | 8 | 1 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 20 20 20 20 20 20 3D 3D 20 3D 3D 20 3D 3D 20 46 | == == == F| 00000010: 72 6F 6D 20 2D 20 6C 61 65 40 6D 75 6C 6C 61 75 |rom - lae@mullau| 00000020: 6E 61 2E 63 73 2E 6D 75 2E 6F 7A 2E 61 75 20 28 |na.cs.mu.oz.au (| 00000030: 4C 65 77 69 6E 20 45 44 57 41 52 44 53 29 20 3D |Lewin EDWARDS) =| 00000040: 3D 20 3D 3D 20 3D 3D 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 2D 3D 20 |= == ==.. -= | 00000050: 41 20 44 49 59 20 47 75 69 64 65 20 74 6F 20 43 |A DIY Guide to C| 00000060: 6F 6D 70 75 74 65 72 20 52 65 70 61 69 72 20 26 |omputer Repair &| 00000070: 20 4D 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 28 50 | Modification (P| 00000080: 43 20 61 6E 64 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 35 30 30 29 |C and Amiga 500)| 00000090: 20 3D 2D 0D 0A 20 20 20 5B 4E 6F 74 65 20 3A 20 | =-.. [Note : | 000000A0: 54 6F 20 70 65 6F 70 6C 65 20 77 68 6F 20 73 61 |To people who sa| 000000B0: 76 65 64 20 6D 79 20 65 61 72 6C 69 65 72 20 70 |ved my earlier p| 000000C0: 6F 73 74 20 72 65 3A 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 61 |ost re: installa| 000000D0: 74 69 6F 6E 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 31 4D 62 0D |tion of the 1Mb.| 000000E0: 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 67 6E 75 73 2C 20 64 |. Agnus, d| 000000F0: 69 73 63 61 72 64 20 69 74 20 61 6E 64 20 67 65 |iscard it and ge| 00000100: 74 20 61 20 63 6F 70 79 20 6F 66 20 74 68 69 73 |t a copy of this| 00000110: 20 69 6E 73 74 65 61 64 3B 20 74 68 65 20 31 4D | instead; the 1M| 00000120: 62 20 41 67 6E 75 73 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |b Agnus.. | 00000130: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 69 6E 73 74 | inst| 00000140: 61 6C 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 |allation procedu| 00000150: 72 65 20 69 73 20 69 6E 63 6C 75 64 65 64 20 68 |re is included h| 00000160: 65 72 65 5D 0D 0A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ere].... | 00000170: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 3D 3C 2A 20 41 | -=<* A| 00000180: 62 6F 75 74 20 54 68 69 73 20 44 6F 63 75 6D 65 |bout This Docume| 00000190: 6E 74 20 2D 20 44 69 73 63 6C 61 69 6D 65 72 20 |nt - Disclaimer | 000001A0: 2A 3E 3D 2D 0D 0A 0D 0A 54 68 69 73 20 64 6F 63 |*>=-....This doc| 000001B0: 75 6D 65 6E 74 20 69 73 20 69 6E 74 65 6E 64 65 |ument is intende| 000001C0: 64 20 74 6F 20 70 72 6F 76 69 64 65 20 65 6C 65 |d to provide ele| 000001D0: 63 74 72 6F 6E 69 63 73 20 68 6F 62 62 79 69 73 |ctronics hobbyis| 000001E0: 74 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 6F 6D 65 20 75 73 65 |ts with some use| 000001F0: 66 75 6C 0D 0A 6E 6F 74 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 |ful..notes the a| 00000200: 75 74 68 6F 72 20 68 61 73 20 67 61 74 68 65 72 |uthor has gather| 00000210: 65 64 20 77 68 69 6C 73 74 20 77 6F 72 6B 69 6E |ed whilst workin| 00000220: 67 20 6F 6E 20 76 61 72 69 6F 75 73 20 73 79 73 |g on various sys| 00000230: 74 65 6D 73 2E 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 74 0D |tems. It is not.| 00000240: 0A 69 6E 74 65 6E 64 65 64 20 74 6F 20 74 72 61 |.intended to tra| 00000250: 69 6E 20 6F 72 20 65 6E 63 6F 75 72 61 67 65 20 |in or encourage | 00000260: 6E 6F 76 69 63 65 73 20 74 6F 20 61 74 74 65 6D |novices to attem| 00000270: 70 74 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 6F 72 20 6D 6F |pt service or mo| 00000280: 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 73 0D 0A 74 6F 20 |difications..to | 00000290: 65 78 70 65 6E 73 69 76 65 20 61 70 70 6C 69 61 |expensive applia| 000002A0: 6E 63 65 73 2E 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 65 73 70 65 |nces. It is espe| 000002B0: 63 69 61 6C 6C 79 20 6E 6F 74 20 69 6E 74 65 6E |cially not inten| 000002C0: 64 65 64 20 74 6F 20 65 6E 63 6F 75 72 61 67 65 |ded to encourage| 000002D0: 0D 0A 75 6E 71 75 61 6C 69 66 69 65 64 20 70 65 |..unqualified pe| 000002E0: 72 73 6F 6E 6E 65 6C 20 74 6F 20 74 61 6D 70 65 |rsonnel to tampe| 000002F0: 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 64 61 6E 67 65 72 6F 75 73 |r with dangerous| 00000300: 20 61 70 70 6C 69 61 6E 63 65 73 20 73 75 63 68 | appliances such| 00000310: 20 61 73 20 6D 6F 6E 69 74 6F 72 73 2C 0D 0A 70 | as monitors,..p| 00000320: 6F 77 65 72 20 73 75 70 70 6C 69 65 73 20 61 6E |ower supplies an| 00000330: 64 20 6F 74 68 65 72 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 73 20 |d other devices | 00000340: 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 6F 6E 74 61 69 6E 20 76 61 |which contain va| 00000350: 63 75 75 6D 20 74 75 62 65 73 2C 20 6C 69 76 65 |cuum tubes, live| 00000360: 20 6D 61 69 6E 73 20 6F 72 0D 0A 68 69 67 68 2D | mains or..high-| 00000370: 74 65 6E 73 69 6F 6E 20 72 61 69 6C 73 2C 20 6F |tension rails, o| 00000380: 72 20 6F 74 68 65 72 20 68 61 7A 61 72 64 6F 75 |r other hazardou| 00000390: 73 20 61 72 65 61 73 2E 20 41 6E 79 20 73 75 63 |s areas. Any suc| 000003A0: 68 20 77 6F 72 6B 20 63 61 72 72 69 65 64 20 6F |h work carried o| 000003B0: 75 74 20 69 73 0D 0A 64 6F 6E 65 20 61 74 20 74 |ut is..done at t| 000003C0: 68 65 20 72 65 61 64 65 72 27 73 20 6F 77 6E 20 |he reader's own | 000003D0: 72 69 73 6B 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 61 75 74 |risk and the aut| 000003E0: 68 6F 72 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 73 20 6E 6F 20 72 |hor accepts no r| 000003F0: 65 70 6F 6E 73 69 62 69 6C 69 74 79 20 66 6F 72 |eponsibility for| 00000400: 0D 0A 64 61 6D 61 67 65 20 74 6F 20 70 72 6F 70 |..damage to prop| 00000410: 65 72 74 79 20 6F 72 20 70 65 72 73 6F 6E 20 77 |erty or person w| 00000420: 68 69 63 68 20 6F 63 63 75 72 73 20 61 73 20 61 |hich occurs as a| 00000430: 20 72 65 73 75 6C 74 20 6F 66 20 61 74 74 65 6D | result of attem| 00000440: 70 74 69 6E 67 20 61 6E 79 20 6F 66 0D 0A 74 68 |pting any of..th| 00000450: 65 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 65 73 20 64 65 73 |e procedures des| 00000460: 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 68 65 72 65 69 6E 2E 0D 0A |cribed herein...| 00000470: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 48 61 76 69 6E 67 20 73 | Having s| 00000480: 61 69 64 20 74 68 61 74 2C 20 49 20 63 61 6E 20 |aid that, I can | 00000490: 76 6F 75 63 68 20 66 6F 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 6F |vouch for the wo| 000004A0: 72 6B 61 62 69 6C 69 74 79 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 |rkability of the| 000004B0: 0D 0A 6D 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 |..modifications | 000004C0: 6C 69 73 74 65 64 20 68 65 72 65 2E 20 49 20 68 |listed here. I h| 000004D0: 61 76 65 20 70 65 72 73 6F 6E 61 6C 6C 79 20 70 |ave personally p| 000004E0: 65 72 66 6F 72 6D 65 64 20 74 68 65 6D 20 61 6C |erformed them al| 000004F0: 6C 20 6D 79 73 65 6C 66 20 6F 6E 20 6D 79 0D 0A |l myself on my..| 00000500: 6F 77 6E 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 73 20 28 74 68 |own machines (th| 00000510: 69 73 20 69 73 2C 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 61 6C 6C |is is, after all| 00000520: 2C 20 61 20 63 68 72 6F 6E 69 63 6C 65 20 6F 66 |, a chronicle of| 00000530: 20 6D 79 20 6F 77 6E 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6E | my own experien| 00000540: 63 65 73 2C 20 63 68 6F 70 70 65 64 0D 0A 75 70 |ces, chopped..up| 00000550: 20 75 6E 64 65 72 20 73 75 69 74 61 62 6C 65 20 | under suitable | 00000560: 68 65 61 64 69 6E 67 73 20 66 6F 72 20 79 6F 75 |headings for you| 00000570: 72 20 63 6F 6E 76 65 6E 69 65 6E 63 65 29 2E 20 |r convenience). | 00000580: 57 69 74 68 20 72 65 67 61 72 64 73 20 74 6F 20 |With regards to | 00000590: 74 68 65 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 0D 0A 69 6E 66 |the service..inf| 000005A0: 6F 72 6D 61 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 77 68 69 6C 73 74 |ormation, whilst| 000005B0: 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 | I have describe| 000005C0: 64 20 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 73 20 61 6E 64 20 74 |d problems and t| 000005D0: 68 65 20 73 6F 6C 75 74 69 6F 6E 28 73 29 20 49 |he solution(s) I| 000005E0: 20 66 6F 75 6E 64 2C 0D 0A 6B 65 65 70 20 69 6E | found,..keep in| 000005F0: 20 6D 69 6E 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 | mind that this | 00000600: 69 73 20 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 6C 69 6B 65 20 61 |is rather like a| 00000610: 20 64 6F 63 74 6F 72 20 70 72 65 73 63 72 69 62 | doctor prescrib| 00000620: 69 6E 67 20 6D 65 64 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 6F |ing medication o| 00000630: 76 65 72 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 74 65 6C 65 70 68 6F |ver..the telepho| 00000640: 6E 65 20 6F 72 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 61 6E 20 65 6E |ne or from an en| 00000650: 63 79 63 6C 6F 70 61 65 64 69 61 2E 20 57 68 61 |cyclopaedia. Wha| 00000660: 74 20 49 20 6D 65 61 6E 20 62 79 20 74 68 69 73 |t I mean by this| 00000670: 20 73 74 61 74 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 | statement is th| 00000680: 61 74 0D 0A 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6E 74 20 70 72 |at..different pr| 00000690: 6F 62 6C 65 6D 73 20 6D 61 79 20 77 65 6C 6C 20 |oblems may well | 000006A0: 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6D 65 20 73 |cause the same s| 000006B0: 79 6D 70 74 6F 6D 73 3B 20 74 6F 20 74 61 6B 65 |ymptoms; to take| 000006C0: 20 61 20 74 72 69 76 69 61 6C 0D 0A 65 78 61 6D | a trivial..exam| 000006D0: 70 6C 65 2C 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 20 74 75 72 6E |ple, if you turn| 000006E0: 20 79 6F 75 72 20 6D 6F 6E 69 74 6F 72 20 6F 6E | your monitor on| 000006F0: 20 61 6E 64 20 6E 6F 74 68 69 6E 67 20 68 61 70 | and nothing hap| 00000700: 70 65 6E 73 2C 20 70 65 72 68 61 70 73 20 74 68 |pens, perhaps th| 00000710: 65 20 66 75 73 65 20 69 73 0D 0A 62 6C 6F 77 6E |e fuse is..blown| 00000720: 2C 20 62 75 74 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6F 74 68 |, but on the oth| 00000730: 65 72 20 68 61 6E 64 2C 20 70 65 72 68 61 70 73 |er hand, perhaps| 00000740: 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 74 20 70 6C 75 67 67 | it is not plugg| 00000750: 65 64 20 69 6E 2C 20 6F 72 20 70 65 72 68 61 70 |ed in, or perhap| 00000760: 73 20 74 68 65 72 65 0D 0A 69 73 20 61 20 6D 6F |s there..is a mo| 00000770: 72 65 20 73 69 6E 69 73 74 65 72 20 66 61 75 6C |re sinister faul| 00000780: 74 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 70 6F 77 65 72 20 73 |t in the power s| 00000790: 75 70 70 6C 79 20 73 65 63 74 69 6F 6E 2E 20 46 |upply section. F| 000007A0: 6F 72 20 74 68 69 73 20 72 65 61 73 6F 6E 2C 20 |or this reason, | 000007B0: 49 0D 0A 73 75 67 67 65 73 74 20 79 6F 75 20 75 |I..suggest you u| 000007C0: 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 69 |se the service i| 000007D0: 6E 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 61 73 20 61 20 |nformation as a | 000007E0: 76 65 72 79 20 76 61 67 75 65 20 67 75 69 64 65 |very vague guide| 000007F0: 20 4F 4E 4C 59 2E 20 52 65 6D 65 6D 62 65 72 3B | ONLY. Remember;| 00000800: 0D 0A 69 74 20 69 73 20 76 65 72 79 20 72 61 72 |..it is very rar| 00000810: 65 20 74 6F 20 66 69 6E 64 20 74 77 6F 20 6D 61 |e to find two ma| 00000820: 63 68 69 6E 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 |chines which are| 00000830: 20 65 78 61 63 74 6C 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6D | exactly the sam| 00000840: 65 20 69 6E 73 69 64 65 2C 20 61 6E 64 0D 0A 73 |e inside, and..s| 00000850: 6F 20 77 68 61 74 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 66 6F |o what I have fo| 00000860: 75 6E 64 20 74 6F 20 62 65 20 61 20 73 75 69 74 |und to be a suit| 00000870: 61 62 6C 65 20 73 6F 6C 75 74 69 6F 6E 20 74 6F |able solution to| 00000880: 20 61 20 67 69 76 65 6E 20 66 61 75 6C 74 20 6D | a given fault m| 00000890: 61 79 20 62 65 0D 0A 74 6F 74 61 6C 6C 79 20 69 |ay be..totally i| 000008A0: 6E 61 70 70 72 6F 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 74 6F 20 |nappropriate to | 000008B0: 79 6F 75 72 20 73 69 74 75 61 74 69 6F 6E 2E 0D |your situation..| 000008C0: 0A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... | 000008D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 3D 3C 2A 20 54 68 | -=<* Th| 000008E0: 65 20 43 6F 6D 6D 6F 64 6F 72 65 20 41 6D 69 67 |e Commodore Amig| 000008F0: 61 20 35 30 30 20 2A 3E 3D 2D 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 2E |a 500 *>=-....i.| 00000900: 20 53 65 72 69 61 6C 20 4B 69 6C 6C 65 72 0D 0A | Serial Killer..| 00000910: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00000920: 0D 0A 50 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 |..Problems with | 00000930: 41 6D 69 67 61 20 73 65 72 69 61 6C 20 70 6F 72 |Amiga serial por| 00000940: 74 73 20 67 65 6E 65 72 61 6C 6C 79 20 66 61 6C |ts generally fal| 00000950: 6C 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 63 61 74 |l into three cat| 00000960: 65 67 6F 72 69 65 73 3B 20 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D |egories; problem| 00000970: 73 0D 0A 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 66 6C 6F 77 |s..with the flow| 00000980: 20 63 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 20 6C 69 6E 65 73 2C 20 | control lines, | 00000990: 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |problems with th| 000009A0: 65 20 61 63 74 75 61 6C 20 64 61 74 61 20 74 72 |e actual data tr| 000009B0: 61 6E 73 6D 69 73 73 69 6F 6E 20 6C 69 6E 65 73 |ansmission lines| 000009C0: 2C 0D 0A 61 6E 64 20 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 73 20 |,..and problems | 000009D0: 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 6C 69 6E 65 20 6C 65 |with the line le| 000009E0: 76 65 6C 20 28 63 61 75 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 66 |vel (caused by f| 000009F0: 61 75 6C 74 79 20 6C 69 6E 65 20 64 72 69 76 65 |aulty line drive| 00000A00: 72 20 63 68 69 70 73 29 2E 20 54 68 65 0D 0A 66 |r chips). The..f| 00000A10: 69 72 73 74 20 74 77 6F 20 63 61 6E 20 62 65 20 |irst two can be | 00000A20: 72 65 6C 61 74 69 76 65 6C 79 20 63 6F 73 74 6C |relatively costl| 00000A30: 79 20 74 6F 20 72 65 70 61 69 72 2C 20 64 75 65 |y to repair, due| 00000A40: 20 74 6F 20 43 6F 6D 6D 6F 64 6F 72 65 27 73 20 | to Commodore's | 00000A50: 6D 6F 6E 6F 70 6F 6C 79 20 6F 6E 0D 0A 74 68 65 |monopoly on..the| 00000A60: 20 43 49 41 20 61 6E 64 20 50 61 75 6C 61 20 63 | CIA and Paula c| 00000A70: 68 69 70 73 2C 20 73 6F 20 49 20 61 64 76 69 73 |hips, so I advis| 00000A80: 65 20 65 78 70 6C 6F 72 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 |e exploring the | 00000A90: 6C 69 6E 65 20 64 72 69 76 65 72 20 73 65 63 74 |line driver sect| 00000AA0: 69 6F 6E 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 63 69 72 63 |ion of the..circ| 00000AB0: 75 69 74 20 62 65 66 6F 72 65 20 72 75 73 68 69 |uit before rushi| 00000AC0: 6E 67 20 6F 75 74 20 74 6F 20 62 75 79 20 6E 65 |ng out to buy ne| 00000AD0: 77 20 50 61 75 6C 61 73 20 6F 72 20 43 49 41 73 |w Paulas or CIAs| 00000AE0: 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 61 75 6C 74 |... Fault| 00000AF0: 73 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6C 69 6E 65 20 64 72 |s in the line dr| 00000B00: 69 76 65 72 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 28 4D 43 31 34 |iver chips (MC14| 00000B10: 38 38 20 61 6E 64 20 4D 43 31 34 38 39 2C 20 55 |88 and MC1489, U| 00000B20: 33 38 20 61 6E 64 20 55 33 39 0D 0A 72 65 73 70 |38 and U39..resp| 00000B30: 65 63 74 69 76 65 6C 79 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 |ectively in the | 00000B40: 73 63 68 65 6D 61 74 69 63 20 6F 6E 20 70 61 67 |schematic on pag| 00000B50: 65 20 46 2D 37 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 62 6F 6F |e F-7 of the boo| 00000B60: 6B 20 27 49 6E 74 72 6F 64 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 20 |k 'Introduction | 00000B70: 74 6F 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 43 6F 6D 6D 6F 64 6F 72 |to the..Commodor| 00000B80: 65 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 35 30 30 27 29 20 61 72 |e Amiga 500') ar| 00000B90: 65 20 74 79 70 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 65 69 |e typified by ei| 00000BA0: 74 68 65 72 20 74 6F 74 61 6C 20 6C 6F 73 73 20 |ther total loss | 00000BB0: 6F 66 20 74 72 61 6E 73 6D 69 73 73 69 6F 6E 2C |of transmission,| 00000BC0: 20 74 6F 74 61 6C 0D 0A 6C 6F 73 73 20 6F 66 20 | total..loss of | 00000BD0: 72 65 63 65 70 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 6F 72 20 62 6F |reception, or bo| 00000BE0: 74 68 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 20 |th. If you look | 00000BF0: 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 6C 6F 77 20 63 6F 6E 74 |at the flow cont| 00000C00: 72 6F 6C 20 6C 69 6E 65 73 2C 20 28 43 54 53 20 |rol lines, (CTS | 00000C10: 61 6E 64 0D 0A 52 54 53 29 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 75 |and..RTS), you u| 00000C20: 73 75 61 6C 6C 79 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |sually see that | 00000C30: 74 68 65 73 65 20 6C 69 6E 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |these lines are | 00000C40: 62 65 68 61 76 69 6E 67 20 6E 6F 72 6D 61 6C 6C |behaving normall| 00000C50: 79 20 28 65 78 61 63 74 6C 79 20 77 68 79 0D 0A |y (exactly why..| 00000C60: 74 68 65 73 65 20 6C 69 6E 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |these lines are | 00000C70: 72 61 72 65 6C 79 20 61 66 66 65 63 74 65 64 20 |rarely affected | 00000C80: 69 73 20 61 20 6D 79 73 74 65 72 79 20 74 6F 20 |is a mystery to | 00000C90: 6D 65 29 3B 20 69 66 20 6E 6F 74 2C 20 74 68 65 |me); if not, the| 00000CA0: 6E 20 79 6F 75 20 70 72 6F 62 61 62 6C 79 0D 0A |n you probably..| 00000CB0: 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 66 61 75 6C 74 79 20 43 49 |have a faulty CI| 00000CC0: 41 2E 20 53 69 6E 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 31 34 38 |A. Since the 148| 00000CD0: 38 20 61 6E 64 20 31 34 38 39 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 |8 and 1489 only | 00000CE0: 63 6F 73 74 20 61 72 6F 75 6E 64 20 41 24 31 2E |cost around A$1.| 00000CF0: 30 30 20 65 61 63 68 2C 0D 0A 64 65 70 65 6E 64 |00 each,..depend| 00000D00: 69 6E 67 20 6F 6E 20 79 6F 75 72 20 73 6F 75 72 |ing on your sour| 00000D10: 63 65 2C 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 77 65 6C 6C 20 77 |ce, it is well w| 00000D20: 6F 72 74 68 20 72 65 70 6C 61 63 69 6E 67 20 74 |orth replacing t| 00000D30: 68 65 73 65 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 62 65 66 6F 72 |hese chips befor| 00000D40: 65 20 79 6F 75 0D 0A 69 6E 76 65 73 74 69 67 61 |e you..investiga| 00000D50: 74 65 20 50 61 75 6C 61 2E 20 55 6E 66 6F 72 74 |te Paula. Unfort| 00000D60: 75 6E 61 74 65 6C 79 2C 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 |unately, they ar| 00000D70: 65 20 6E 6F 74 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 65 64 20 73 |e not socketed s| 00000D80: 6F 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 68 61 76 65 20 |o you will have | 00000D90: 74 6F 0D 0A 64 65 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 74 68 65 |to..desolder the| 00000DA0: 6D 20 28 73 65 65 20 22 44 65 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 |m (see "Desolder| 00000DB0: 69 6E 67 20 53 6D 61 6C 6C 20 49 43 27 73 22 20 |ing Small IC's" | 00000DC0: 62 65 6C 6F 77 29 2E 20 57 68 65 6E 20 79 6F 75 |below). When you| 00000DD0: 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 69 70 73 0D | have the chips.| 00000DE0: 0A 6F 75 74 2C 20 70 75 74 20 69 6E 20 61 20 63 |.out, put in a c| 00000DF0: 6F 75 70 6C 65 20 6F 66 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 73 |ouple of sockets| 00000E00: 20 74 6F 20 66 61 63 69 6C 69 74 61 74 65 20 6C | to facilitate l| 00000E10: 61 74 65 72 20 72 65 70 61 69 72 73 2E 0D 0A 20 |ater repairs... | 00000E20: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 66 2C 20 61 66 74 65 72 | If, after| 00000E30: 20 72 65 70 6C 61 63 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 31 | replacing the 1| 00000E40: 34 38 78 27 73 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 73 74 69 6C 6C |48x's, you still| 00000E50: 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6E 63 65 20 70 72 6F 62 | experience prob| 00000E60: 6C 65 6D 73 2C 20 69 74 20 69 73 0D 0A 74 69 6D |lems, it is..tim| 00000E70: 65 20 74 6F 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 |e to look furthe| 00000E80: 72 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 |r. If you have s| 00000E90: 75 69 74 61 62 6C 65 20 73 6F 66 74 77 61 72 65 |uitable software| 00000EA0: 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 20 63 68 65 63 6B 20 |, you can check | 00000EB0: 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 70 72 6F |whether the..pro| 00000EC0: 62 6C 65 6D 20 6C 69 65 73 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 |blem lies in the| 00000ED0: 20 66 6C 6F 77 20 63 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 20 6C 69 | flow control li| 00000EE0: 6E 65 73 20 28 69 6E 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 61 |nes (in which ca| 00000EF0: 73 65 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 64 61 |se you have a da| 00000F00: 6D 61 67 65 64 20 65 76 65 6E 0D 0A 43 49 41 2C |maged even..CIA,| 00000F10: 20 55 38 29 20 6F 72 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 64 | U8) or in the d| 00000F20: 61 74 61 20 6C 69 6E 65 73 20 28 69 6E 20 77 68 |ata lines (in wh| 00000F30: 69 63 68 20 63 61 73 65 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 |ich case you hav| 00000F40: 65 20 61 20 64 61 6D 61 67 65 64 20 50 61 75 6C |e a damaged Paul| 00000F50: 61 29 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 0D 0A 64 6F 20 6E |a). If you..do n| 00000F60: 6F 74 20 68 61 76 65 2C 20 6F 72 20 61 72 65 20 |ot have, or are | 00000F70: 75 6E 61 62 6C 65 20 74 6F 20 69 6E 74 65 72 70 |unable to interp| 00000F80: 72 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 6C 74 73 20 |ret the results | 00000F90: 6F 66 2C 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 6F 66 74 77 61 72 |of, this softwar| 00000FA0: 65 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 0D 0A 6D 61 6B 65 |e, you can..make| 00000FB0: 20 75 73 65 20 6F 66 20 61 6E 20 6F 6C 64 20 41 | use of an old A| 00000FC0: 6D 69 67 61 2D 74 65 63 68 20 77 72 69 6E 6B 6C |miga-tech wrinkl| 00000FD0: 65 3B 20 65 78 63 68 61 6E 67 65 20 74 68 65 20 |e; exchange the | 00000FE0: 43 49 41 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 61 6E 64 20 73 65 |CIA chips and se| 00000FF0: 65 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 72 0D 0A 66 61 75 6C 74 |e if your..fault| 00001000: 20 63 6C 65 61 72 73 20 75 70 2E 20 49 66 20 69 | clears up. If i| 00001010: 74 20 64 6F 65 73 2C 20 74 68 65 6E 20 74 65 6E |t does, then ten| 00001020: 20 74 6F 20 6F 6E 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6F 62 | to one the prob| 00001030: 6C 65 6D 20 69 73 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 43 49 |lem is in the CI| 00001040: 41 20 77 68 69 63 68 0D 0A 73 74 61 72 74 65 64 |A which..started| 00001050: 20 6F 75 74 20 61 73 20 55 38 3B 20 69 66 20 74 | out as U8; if t| 00001060: 68 65 20 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 20 70 65 72 73 69 |he problem persi| 00001070: 73 74 73 2C 20 74 68 65 6E 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 |sts, then it is | 00001080: 6D 6F 73 74 20 6C 69 6B 65 6C 79 20 61 20 50 61 |most likely a Pa| 00001090: 75 6C 61 0D 0A 66 61 75 6C 74 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 |ula..fault.....i| 000010A0: 69 2E 20 46 6C 6F 70 70 79 20 48 61 73 73 6C 65 |i. Floppy Hassle| 000010B0: 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |s..-------------| 000010C0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 49 6E 20 6D 79 20 6C 69 66 |-----..In my lif| 000010D0: 65 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 6F 70 65 6E 65 64 20 |e I have opened | 000010E0: 61 74 20 6C 65 61 73 74 20 34 30 20 41 6D 69 67 |at least 40 Amig| 000010F0: 61 20 35 30 30 27 73 20 61 6E 64 20 68 61 76 65 |a 500's and have| 00001100: 20 4E 45 56 45 52 20 73 65 65 6E 20 74 77 6F 20 | NEVER seen two | 00001110: 77 68 69 63 68 0D 0A 68 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 |which..have the | 00001120: 73 61 6D 65 20 6D 61 6B 65 20 61 6E 64 20 6D 6F |same make and mo| 00001130: 64 65 6C 20 6F 66 20 69 6E 74 65 72 6E 61 6C 20 |del of internal | 00001140: 66 6C 6F 70 70 79 2E 20 49 74 20 73 65 65 6D 73 |floppy. It seems| 00001150: 20 74 68 61 74 20 43 6F 6D 6D 6F 64 6F 72 65 0D | that Commodore.| 00001160: 0A 63 68 61 6E 67 65 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 75 |.change their su| 00001170: 70 70 6C 69 65 72 73 20 28 61 6E 64 20 61 6C 73 |ppliers (and als| 00001180: 6F 20 74 68 65 20 63 6F 6C 6F 72 73 20 6F 66 20 |o the colors of | 00001190: 74 68 65 20 4C 45 44 73 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 |the LEDs on the | 000011A0: 6B 65 79 62 6F 61 72 64 29 20 6F 6E 20 61 0D 0A |keyboard) on a..| 000011B0: 77 65 65 6B 6C 79 20 62 61 73 69 73 2E 20 4C 65 |weekly basis. 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Try switc| 00001450: 68 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 43 49 41 73 20 6F 76 |hing the CIAs ov| 00001460: 65 72 2E 20 41 6C 73 6F 0D 0A 63 68 65 63 6B 20 |er. 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I fi| 00001CF0: 72 73 74 0D 0A 6E 6F 74 69 63 65 64 20 74 68 69 |rst..noticed thi| 00001D00: 73 20 66 61 75 6C 74 20 77 68 65 6E 20 6F 75 72 |s fault when our| 00001D10: 20 73 63 68 6F 6F 6C 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 72 6F | school Amiga ro| 00001D20: 6F 6D 20 28 74 77 6F 20 72 65 76 2E 20 35 61 20 |om (two rev. 5a | 00001D30: 41 35 30 30 27 73 29 20 61 63 71 75 69 72 65 64 |A500's) acquired| 00001D40: 20 61 6E 0D 0A 61 75 74 6F 66 69 72 65 20 6A 6F | an..autofire jo| 00001D50: 79 73 74 69 63 6B 2C 20 61 20 51 75 69 63 6B 73 |ystick, a Quicks| 00001D60: 68 6F 74 20 49 49 62 20 49 20 74 68 69 6E 6B 2E |hot IIb I think.| 00001D70: 20 57 68 65 6E 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 65 64 20 74 | When switched t| 00001D80: 6F 20 61 75 74 6F 66 69 72 65 20 6D 6F 64 65 2C |o autofire mode,| 00001D90: 0D 0A 74 68 69 73 20 6A 6F 79 73 74 69 63 6B 20 |..this joystick | 00001DA0: 77 6F 75 6C 64 20 70 65 72 69 6F 64 69 63 61 6C |would periodical| 00001DB0: 6C 79 20 6A 61 6D 20 74 68 65 20 6B 65 79 62 6F |ly jam the keybo| 00001DC0: 61 72 64 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 |ard. 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What is the 1| 00001FA0: 4D 62 20 41 67 6E 75 73 20 3F 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D |Mb Agnus ?..----| 00001FB0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00001FC0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 54 68 65 20 31 |---------..The 1| 00001FD0: 4D 62 20 41 67 6E 75 73 20 28 76 61 72 69 6F 75 |Mb Agnus (variou| 00001FE0: 73 6C 79 20 6B 6E 6F 77 6E 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 |sly known as the| 00001FF0: 20 4F 62 65 73 65 20 41 67 6E 75 73 20 6F 72 20 | Obese Agnus or | 00002000: 46 61 74 74 65 72 20 41 67 6E 75 73 29 2C 20 43 |Fatter Agnus), C| 00002010: 6F 6D 6D 6F 64 6F 72 65 0D 0A 70 61 72 74 20 38 |ommodore..part 8| 00002020: 33 37 32 61 20 6F 72 20 33 31 38 30 36 39 2D 30 |372a or 318069-0| 00002030: 32 2C 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 6C 61 74 69 |2, is the relati| 00002040: 76 65 6C 79 20 6E 65 77 20 41 67 6E 75 73 20 77 |vely new Agnus w| 00002050: 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 63 61 70 61 62 6C 65 20 |hich is capable | 00002060: 6F 66 0D 0A 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 69 6E 67 20 31 |of..addressing 1| 00002070: 4D 62 20 6F 66 20 63 68 69 70 2D 52 41 4D 2E 20 |Mb of chip-RAM. | 00002080: 54 68 69 73 20 61 6C 6C 6F 77 73 20 79 6F 75 20 |This allows you | 00002090: 74 6F 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 77 69 63 65 20 74 68 |to have twice th| 000020A0: 65 20 61 6D 6F 75 6E 74 20 6F 66 0D 0A 73 61 6D |e amount of..sam| 000020B0: 70 6C 65 64 20 6D 75 73 69 63 2C 20 73 63 72 65 |pled music, scre| 000020C0: 65 6E 73 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 6F 74 68 65 72 20 63 |ens, and other c| 000020D0: 75 73 74 6F 6D 2D 63 68 69 70 20 64 61 74 61 20 |ustom-chip data | 000020E0: 69 6E 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 73 69 6D 75 6C 74 |in memory simult| 000020F0: 61 6E 65 6F 75 73 6C 79 2E 0D 0A 49 74 20 61 6C |aneously...It al| 00002100: 73 6F 20 68 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 72 |so has the desir| 00002110: 61 62 6C 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 20 6F 66 20 6C |able effect of l| 00002120: 65 74 74 69 6E 67 20 79 6F 75 20 72 75 6E 20 74 |etting you run t| 00002130: 68 69 6E 67 73 20 6C 69 6B 65 20 44 65 6C 75 78 |hings like Delux| 00002140: 65 20 50 61 69 6E 74 0D 0A 69 6E 20 31 36 2D 63 |e Paint..in 16-c| 00002150: 6F 6C 6F 72 20 36 34 30 78 35 31 32 20 28 6F 72 |olor 640x512 (or| 00002160: 20 36 34 30 78 34 30 30 2C 20 4E 54 53 43 20 75 | 640x400, NTSC u| 00002170: 73 65 72 73 29 20 6D 6F 64 65 2C 20 77 69 74 68 |sers) mode, with| 00002180: 6F 75 74 20 68 61 76 69 6E 67 20 74 6F 0D 0A 64 |out having to..d| 00002190: 69 73 63 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 20 65 78 74 65 72 6E |isconnect extern| 000021A0: 61 6C 20 64 72 69 76 65 73 2C 20 63 6C 6F 73 65 |al drives, close| 000021B0: 20 64 6F 77 6E 20 57 6F 72 6B 42 65 6E 63 68 20 | down WorkBench | 000021C0: 73 63 72 65 65 6E 73 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 |screens and the | 000021D0: 6C 69 6B 65 2E 20 46 6F 72 0D 0A 41 2D 4D 61 78 |like. 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If you have mo| 00002260: 72 65 20 74 68 61 6E 20 31 4D 62 20 6F 66 20 52 |re than 1Mb of R| 00002270: 41 4D 2C 20 74 68 65 6E 0D 0A 69 74 20 77 69 6C |AM, then..it wil| 00002280: 6C 20 6D 61 6B 65 20 41 2D 4D 61 78 20 76 69 72 |l make A-Max vir| 00002290: 74 75 61 6C 6C 79 20 31 30 30 25 20 69 64 65 6E |tually 100% iden| 000022A0: 74 69 63 61 6C 20 74 6F 20 61 20 4D 61 63 20 50 |tical to a Mac P| 000022B0: 6C 75 73 2C 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 2D 6D 61 70 2D |lus, memory-map-| 000022C0: 77 69 73 65 2E 0D 0A 4E 4F 54 45 20 57 45 4C 4C |wise...NOTE WELL| 000022D0: 20 3A 20 54 68 69 73 20 6D 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 | : This modifica| 000022E0: 74 69 6F 6E 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 73 20 31 4D |tion requires 1M| 000022F0: 62 20 6F 66 20 52 41 4D 20 74 6F 20 62 65 20 76 |b of RAM to be v| 00002300: 69 73 69 62 6C 65 20 21 0D 0A 0D 0A 43 6F 6D 6D |isible !....Comm| 00002310: 6F 64 6F 72 65 2C 20 6E 6F 74 20 77 69 73 68 69 |odore, not wishi| 00002320: 6E 67 20 74 6F 20 6D 61 6B 65 20 74 77 6F 20 63 |ng to make two c| 00002330: 68 69 70 73 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 6F 6E 65 20 77 |hips where one w| 00002340: 69 6C 6C 20 64 6F 2C 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 77 20 73 |ill do, is now s| 00002350: 68 69 70 70 69 6E 67 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 38 33 37 |hipping..the 837| 00002360: 32 61 20 69 6E 20 6D 6F 73 74 20 28 6E 65 61 72 |2a in most (near| 00002370: 6C 79 20 61 6C 6C 20 52 65 76 2E 20 36 61 29 20 |ly all Rev. 6a) | 00002380: 41 35 30 30 27 73 2C 20 77 69 74 68 6F 75 74 20 |A500's, without | 00002390: 74 65 6C 6C 69 6E 67 20 61 6E 79 62 6F 64 79 2E |telling anybody.| 000023A0: 20 49 6E 0D 0A 74 68 65 73 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 | In..these machi| 000023B0: 6E 65 73 2C 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 63 |nes, the extra c| 000023C0: 68 69 70 2D 52 41 4D 20 63 61 70 61 62 69 6C 69 |hip-RAM capabili| 000023D0: 74 79 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6E 20 64 69 73 61 |ty has been disa| 000023E0: 62 6C 65 64 20 73 6F 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 66 20 |bled so that if | 000023F0: 79 6F 75 0D 0A 63 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 20 61 6E 20 |you..connect an | 00002400: 41 35 30 31 2C 20 69 74 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 73 74 |A501, it will st| 00002410: 69 6C 6C 20 74 68 69 6E 6B 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 |ill think it is | 00002420: 22 73 6C 6F 77 22 20 5B 73 65 65 20 62 65 6C 6F |"slow" [see belo| 00002430: 77 5D 20 52 41 4D 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 76 2D 32 2E |w] RAM.....iv-2.| 00002440: 20 41 6E 20 41 73 69 64 65 20 6F 6E 20 4D 65 6D | An Aside on Mem| 00002450: 6F 72 79 20 53 70 65 65 64 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D |ory Speeds..----| 00002460: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00002470: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 54 68 65 |-----------..The| 00002480: 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 68 61 73 20 2A 74 68 72 65 | Amiga has *thre| 00002490: 65 2A 20 74 79 70 65 73 20 6F 66 20 52 41 4D 2E |e* types of RAM.| 000024A0: 20 43 68 69 70 2D 52 41 4D 2C 20 46 61 73 74 2D | Chip-RAM, Fast-| 000024B0: 52 41 4D 20 61 6E 64 20 22 53 6C 6F 77 22 2D 52 |RAM and "Slow"-R| 000024C0: 41 4D 2E 0D 0A 43 6F 6E 74 72 61 72 79 20 74 6F |AM...Contrary to| 000024D0: 20 77 68 61 74 20 6D 61 6E 79 20 70 65 6F 70 6C | what many peopl| 000024E0: 65 20 61 73 73 65 72 74 2C 20 52 41 4D 20 61 74 |e assert, RAM at| 000024F0: 20 24 43 30 30 30 30 30 20 28 74 68 65 20 64 65 | $C00000 (the de| 00002500: 66 61 75 6C 74 20 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 6F |fault location o| 00002510: 66 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 41 35 30 31 20 65 78 70 61 |f..the A501 expa| 00002520: 6E 64 65 72 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 |nder, and the se| 00002530: 63 6F 6E 64 20 35 31 32 4B 20 6F 66 20 52 41 4D |cond 512K of RAM| 00002540: 20 69 6E 20 41 32 30 30 30 27 73 29 20 69 73 20 | in A2000's) is | 00002550: 4E 4F 54 20 66 61 73 74 2D 52 41 4D 2C 0D 0A 65 |NOT fast-RAM,..e| 00002560: 76 65 6E 20 74 68 6F 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 73 |ven though the s| 00002570: 79 73 74 65 6D 20 72 65 70 6F 72 74 73 20 69 74 |ystem reports it| 00002580: 20 61 73 20 73 75 63 68 2E 20 42 65 63 61 75 73 | as such. Becaus| 00002590: 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 52 41 4D 20 69 73 20 72 65 |e this RAM is re| 000025A0: 66 72 65 73 68 65 64 20 61 6E 64 0D 0A 61 63 63 |freshed and..acc| 000025B0: 65 73 73 65 64 20 76 69 61 20 41 67 6E 75 73 2C |essed via Agnus,| 000025C0: 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 61 66 66 65 63 74 65 64 20 | it is affected | 000025D0: 62 79 20 62 75 73 73 20 63 6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 69 |by buss contenti| 000025E0: 6F 6E 20 69 6E 20 6A 75 73 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 |on in just the s| 000025F0: 61 6D 65 20 77 61 79 20 61 73 0D 0A 63 68 69 70 |ame way as..chip| 00002600: 2D 52 41 4D 2E 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 73 69 6D 70 |-RAM. It is simp| 00002610: 6C 79 20 61 20 64 65 61 64 20 61 72 65 61 20 69 |ly a dead area i| 00002620: 6E 20 52 41 4D 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 6E |n RAM which is n| 00002630: 6F 74 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 |ot accessed by t| 00002640: 68 65 20 63 75 73 74 6F 6D 0D 0A 63 68 69 70 73 |he custom..chips| 00002650: 20 61 6E 64 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 6E 6F | and which is no| 00002660: 74 20 66 61 73 74 65 72 20 74 68 61 6E 20 63 68 |t faster than ch| 00002670: 69 70 2D 52 41 4D 2E 20 4D 6F 76 69 6E 67 20 74 |ip-RAM. Moving t| 00002680: 68 69 73 20 52 41 4D 20 74 6F 20 24 38 30 30 30 |his RAM to $8000| 00002690: 30 20 28 77 68 69 63 68 0D 0A 69 73 20 77 68 61 |0 (which..is wha| 000026A0: 74 20 79 6F 75 20 64 6F 20 74 6F 20 65 6E 61 62 |t you do to enab| 000026B0: 6C 65 20 31 4D 62 20 63 68 69 70 2D 52 41 4D 29 |le 1Mb chip-RAM)| 000026C0: 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 68 61 76 65 20 6E 6F 20 65 66 | will have no ef| 000026D0: 66 65 63 74 20 6F 6E 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 |fect on machine | 000026E0: 73 70 65 65 64 20 61 74 0D 0A 61 6C 6C 2E 0D 0A |speed at..all...| 000026F0: 0D 0A 69 76 2D 33 2E 20 43 6F 6D 70 61 74 69 62 |..iv-3. Compatib| 00002700: 69 6C 69 74 79 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |ility..---------| 00002710: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 54 6F 20 64 |----------..To d| 00002720: 61 74 65 20 28 32 30 2D 4F 63 74 2D 39 31 2C 20 |ate (20-Oct-91, | 00002730: 31 38 3A 31 31 45 53 54 29 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 |18:11EST) I have| 00002740: 20 70 65 72 73 6F 6E 61 6C 6C 79 20 74 65 73 74 | personally test| 00002750: 65 64 20 61 74 20 6C 65 61 73 74 20 34 30 30 20 |ed at least 400 | 00002760: 70 69 65 63 65 73 20 6F 66 0D 0A 73 6F 66 74 77 |pieces of..softw| 00002770: 61 72 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 |are with the new| 00002780: 20 41 67 6E 75 73 2E 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 66 | Agnus. I have f| 00002790: 6F 75 6E 64 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 70 72 6F 67 72 |ound three progr| 000027A0: 61 6D 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 64 6F 20 6E 6F 74 |ams which do not| 000027B0: 20 77 6F 72 6B 20 3A 0D 0A 2A 20 44 6F 75 62 6C | work :..* Doubl| 000027C0: 65 20 44 72 61 67 6F 6E 20 49 49 20 28 43 6F 6D |e Dragon II (Com| 000027D0: 70 6C 65 74 65 6C 79 20 73 63 72 65 77 65 64 20 |pletely screwed | 000027E0: 75 70 29 0D 0A 2A 20 56 69 64 65 6F 46 58 20 33 |up)..* VideoFX 3| 000027F0: 44 20 28 41 67 61 69 6E 2C 20 63 6F 6D 70 6C 65 |D (Again, comple| 00002800: 74 65 6C 79 20 75 73 65 6C 65 73 73 29 0D 0A 2A |tely useless)..*| 00002810: 20 49 6D 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 20 4D 69 73 73 | Impossible Miss| 00002820: 69 6F 6E 20 49 49 20 28 54 68 69 73 20 67 61 6D |ion II (This gam| 00002830: 65 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 73 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 |e requires memor| 00002840: 79 20 61 74 20 24 43 30 30 30 30 30 2E 20 49 74 |y at $C00000. It| 00002850: 20 64 6F 65 73 20 6E 6F 74 0D 0A 6D 69 6E 64 20 | does not..mind | 00002860: 74 68 65 20 41 67 6E 75 73 2C 20 62 75 74 20 69 |the Agnus, but i| 00002870: 66 20 79 6F 75 20 77 61 6E 74 20 74 6F 20 72 75 |f you want to ru| 00002880: 6E 20 69 74 20 79 6F 75 20 6D 75 73 74 20 64 72 |n it you must dr| 00002890: 6F 70 20 62 61 63 6B 20 74 6F 0D 0A 35 31 32 4B |op back to..512K| 000028A0: 20 63 68 69 70 2F 35 31 32 4B 20 73 6C 6F 77 20 | chip/512K slow | 000028B0: 6D 6F 64 65 2E 20 4C 6F 75 73 79 20 41 6C 6C 6F |mode. 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I have only| 00002AA0: 20 74 72 69 65 64 20 66 69 74 74 69 6E 67 0D 0A | tried fitting..| 00002AB0: 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 20 41 67 6E 75 73 20 74 6F |the new Agnus to| 00002AC0: 20 74 68 65 20 66 6F 6C 6C 6F 77 69 6E 67 20 3A | the following :| 00002AD0: 0D 0A 20 61 2E 20 54 68 65 20 52 65 76 69 73 69 |.. a. The Revisi| 00002AE0: 6F 6E 20 35 20 62 6F 61 72 64 20 73 68 69 70 70 |on 5 board shipp| 00002AF0: 65 64 20 75 6E 74 69 6C 20 65 61 72 6C 79 20 31 |ed until early 1| 00002B00: 39 38 39 0D 0A 20 62 2E 20 54 68 65 20 6E 65 77 |989.. b. The new| 00002B10: 20 52 65 76 69 73 69 6F 6E 20 36 61 20 62 6F 61 | Revision 6a boa| 00002B20: 72 64 20 73 75 70 70 6C 69 65 64 20 66 72 6F 6D |rd supplied from| 00002B30: 20 4D 61 79 20 28 3F 29 20 31 39 38 39 20 6F 6E | May (?) 1989 on| 00002B40: 77 61 72 64 73 0D 0A 54 68 65 20 77 61 79 20 74 |wards..The way t| 00002B50: 6F 20 69 64 65 6E 74 69 66 79 20 79 6F 75 72 20 |o identify your | 00002B60: 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 74 79 70 65 20 69 73 20 |machine type is | 00002B70: 74 6F 20 63 68 65 63 6B 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 70 |to check the exp| 00002B80: 61 6E 73 69 6F 6E 20 70 6F 72 74 20 77 68 69 63 |ansion port whic| 00002B90: 68 0D 0A 6C 75 72 6B 73 20 75 6E 64 65 72 20 61 |h..lurks under a| 00002BA0: 20 70 6C 61 73 74 69 63 20 63 6F 76 65 72 20 6F | plastic cover o| 00002BB0: 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6C 65 66 74 2D 68 61 6E 64 20 |n the left-hand | 00002BC0: 73 69 64 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 6F 6D 70 |side of the comp| 00002BD0: 75 74 65 72 2E 20 54 68 65 20 52 65 76 2E 20 35 |uter. The Rev. 5| 00002BE0: 0D 0A 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 68 61 73 20 61 20 |..machine has a | 00002BF0: 76 65 72 79 20 66 61 74 20 73 74 72 69 70 20 28 |very fat strip (| 00002C00: 64 6F 75 62 6C 65 20 77 69 64 74 68 29 20 61 74 |double width) at| 00002C10: 20 74 68 65 20 62 61 63 6B 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 | the back of the| 00002C20: 20 63 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 6F 72 3B 20 74 68 65 0D | connector; the.| 00002C30: 0A 52 65 76 2E 20 36 61 20 62 6F 61 72 64 20 68 |.Rev. 6a board h| 00002C40: 61 73 20 74 77 6F 20 6E 6F 72 6D 61 6C 2D 77 69 |as two normal-wi| 00002C50: 64 74 68 20 73 74 72 69 70 73 20 69 6E 73 74 65 |dth strips inste| 00002C60: 61 64 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 76 2D 35 2E 20 49 6E 73 |ad.....iv-5. Ins| 00002C70: 74 61 6C 6C 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 38 33 37 32 |talling the 8372| 00002C80: 61 20 74 6F 20 52 65 76 69 73 69 6F 6E 20 35 20 |a to Revision 5 | 00002C90: 41 35 30 30 27 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |A500's..--------| 00002CA0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00002CB0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00002CC0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 31 2E 20 52 65 6D 6F |-------..1. Remo| 00002CD0: 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 38 33 37 31 20 66 72 6F 6D |ve the 8371 from| 00002CE0: 20 69 74 73 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 2E 20 49 66 20 | its socket. If | 00002CF0: 79 6F 75 20 61 72 65 20 61 6E 20 4E 54 53 43 20 |you are an NTSC | 00002D00: 75 73 65 72 20 77 68 6F 20 64 6F 65 73 20 6E 6F |user who does no| 00002D10: 74 20 77 69 73 68 0D 0A 74 6F 20 75 73 65 20 74 |t wish..to use t| 00002D20: 68 65 20 50 41 4C 20 6D 6F 64 65 2C 20 67 6F 20 |he PAL mode, go | 00002D30: 74 6F 20 73 74 65 70 20 33 2E 0D 0A 32 2E 20 50 |to step 3...2. P| 00002D40: 69 6E 20 34 31 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 |in 41 of the new| 00002D50: 20 41 67 6E 75 73 20 63 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 73 20 | Agnus controls | 00002D60: 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 6D 61 63 68 |whether the mach| 00002D70: 69 6E 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 73 20 75 70 20 69 6E |ine starts up in| 00002D80: 20 50 41 4C 20 6F 72 0D 0A 4E 54 53 43 20 6D 6F | PAL or..NTSC mo| 00002D90: 64 65 73 2E 20 57 68 65 6E 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 |des. When it is | 00002DA0: 74 69 65 64 20 6C 6F 77 20 28 74 6F 20 67 72 6F |tied low (to gro| 00002DB0: 75 6E 64 29 2C 20 74 68 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E |und), the machin| 00002DC0: 65 20 62 6F 6F 74 73 20 69 6E 20 4E 54 53 43 20 |e boots in NTSC | 00002DD0: 6D 6F 64 65 2E 0D 0A 57 68 65 6E 20 74 68 65 20 |mode...When the | 00002DE0: 6C 69 6E 65 20 69 73 20 74 69 65 64 20 68 69 67 |line is tied hig| 00002DF0: 68 20 6F 72 20 6C 65 66 74 20 66 6C 6F 61 74 69 |h or left floati| 00002E00: 6E 67 20 28 69 65 20 75 6E 63 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 |ng (ie unconnect| 00002E10: 65 64 29 2C 20 69 74 20 62 6F 6F 74 73 20 69 6E |ed), it boots in| 00002E20: 74 6F 0D 0A 50 41 4C 20 6D 6F 64 65 2E 20 4F 6E |to..PAL mode. On| 00002E30: 20 74 68 65 20 52 65 76 2E 20 35 20 62 6F 61 72 | the Rev. 5 boar| 00002E40: 64 2C 20 70 69 6E 20 34 31 20 69 73 20 63 6F 6E |d, pin 41 is con| 00002E50: 6E 65 63 74 65 64 20 74 6F 20 67 72 6F 75 6E 64 |nected to ground| 00002E60: 20 62 79 20 74 72 61 63 6B 73 20 6F 6E 20 42 4F | by tracks on BO| 00002E70: 54 48 0D 0A 73 69 64 65 73 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 |TH..sides of the| 00002E80: 20 62 6F 61 72 64 2C 20 6D 61 6B 69 6E 67 20 69 | board, making i| 00002E90: 74 20 76 69 72 74 75 61 6C 6C 79 20 69 6D 70 6F |t virtually impo| 00002EA0: 73 73 69 62 6C 65 20 74 6F 20 63 75 74 20 74 68 |ssible to cut th| 00002EB0: 65 20 74 72 61 63 6B 20 77 69 74 68 6F 75 74 0D |e track without.| 00002EC0: 0A 64 65 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 |.desoldering the| 00002ED0: 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 2E 20 54 68 69 73 20 6D 65 | socket. This me| 00002EE0: 61 6E 73 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 20 6A 75 73 74 20 |ans if you just | 00002EF0: 70 6C 75 67 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 20 |plug in the new | 00002F00: 41 67 6E 75 73 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 0D |Agnus, you will.| 00002F10: 0A 62 65 20 6C 6F 63 6B 65 64 20 69 6E 20 4E 54 |.be locked in NT| 00002F20: 53 43 20 6D 6F 64 65 20 21 21 20 54 68 65 72 65 |SC mode !! There| 00002F30: 20 61 72 65 20 61 20 63 6F 75 70 6C 65 20 6F 66 | are a couple of| 00002F40: 20 77 61 79 73 20 74 6F 20 67 6F 20 61 62 6F 75 | ways to go abou| 00002F50: 74 20 63 69 72 63 75 6D 76 65 6E 74 69 6E 67 0D |t circumventing.| 00002F60: 0A 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 3B 20 49 |.this problem; I| 00002F70: 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 64 65 74 61 69 6C 20 68 65 72 | will detail her| 00002F80: 65 20 74 68 65 20 6F 6E 65 20 49 20 75 6E 64 65 |e the one I unde| 00002F90: 72 74 6F 6F 6B 20 6F 6E 20 6D 79 20 6F 77 6E 20 |rtook on my own | 00002FA0: 52 65 76 2E 20 35 20 62 6F 61 72 64 2E 20 49 0D |Rev. 5 board. I.| 00002FB0: 0A 77 69 6C 6C 20 61 73 73 75 6D 65 20 79 6F 75 |.will assume you| 00002FC0: 20 77 61 6E 74 20 74 6F 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C | want to install| 00002FD0: 20 73 6F 6D 65 20 73 6F 72 74 20 6F 66 20 73 77 | some sort of sw| 00002FE0: 69 74 63 68 20 74 6F 20 74 6F 67 67 6C 65 20 50 |itch to toggle P| 00002FF0: 41 4C 2F 4E 54 53 43 20 6D 6F 64 65 2E 0D 0A 49 |AL/NTSC mode...I| 00003000: 66 20 79 6F 75 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 77 61 6E 74 20 |f you only want | 00003010: 74 6F 20 72 75 6E 20 69 6E 20 50 41 4C 20 6D 6F |to run in PAL mo| 00003020: 64 65 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 20 73 69 6D 70 |de, you can simp| 00003030: 6C 79 20 62 65 6E 64 20 6F 75 74 20 70 69 6E 20 |ly bend out pin | 00003040: 34 31 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 41 67 6E 75 73 |41 of the..Agnus| 00003050: 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 20 28 64 6F 6E 27 74 20 62 | socket (don't b| 00003060: 65 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 70 69 6E 20 6F 6E 20 74 |end the pin on t| 00003070: 68 65 20 63 68 69 70 29 20 74 6F 20 70 72 65 76 |he chip) to prev| 00003080: 65 6E 74 20 69 74 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 6D 61 6B 69 |ent it from maki| 00003090: 6E 67 0D 0A 63 6F 6E 74 61 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 |ng..contact with| 000030A0: 20 41 67 6E 75 73 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 64 | Agnus. If you d| 000030B0: 6F 20 74 68 69 73 2C 20 70 72 6F 63 65 65 64 20 |o this, proceed | 000030C0: 74 6F 20 73 74 65 70 20 33 2E 20 4F 74 68 65 72 |to step 3. Other| 000030D0: 77 69 73 65 2C 20 67 65 74 20 79 6F 75 72 73 65 |wise, get yourse| 000030E0: 6C 66 0D 0A 61 6E 20 53 50 44 54 20 6F 72 20 53 |lf..an SPDT or S| 000030F0: 50 53 54 20 74 6F 67 67 6C 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 |PST toggle switc| 00003100: 68 20 61 6E 64 20 74 77 6F 20 6C 65 6E 67 74 68 |h and two length| 00003110: 73 20 6F 66 20 74 65 6C 65 70 68 6F 6E 65 20 28 |s of telephone (| 00003120: 6F 72 20 6F 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 69 6E 2C 0D 0A |or other thin,..| 00003130: 73 74 69 66 66 20 73 69 6E 67 6C 65 2D 63 6F 72 |stiff single-cor| 00003140: 65 20 77 69 72 65 29 2E 20 53 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 |e wire). Solder | 00003150: 77 69 72 65 73 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 73 77 69 |wires to the swi| 00003160: 74 63 68 20 3A 0D 0A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |tch :.... | 00003170: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00003180: 20 20 20 20 20 2B 2D 2D 2D 2B 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 | +---+.. | 00003190: 54 6F 20 61 20 63 6F 6E 76 65 6E 69 65 6E 74 20 |To a convenient | 000031A0: 67 72 6F 75 6E 64 2D 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 7C 20 20 42 |ground--+-o | B| 000031B0: 41 43 4B 20 56 49 45 57 20 4F 46 20 53 57 49 54 |ACK VIEW OF SWIT| 000031C0: 43 48 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |CH.. | 000031D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2B 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | +--------| 000031E0: 2B 2D 6F 20 7C 20 20 57 68 65 6E 20 68 65 6C 64 |+-o | When held| 000031F0: 20 61 73 20 73 68 6F 77 6E 2C 20 55 50 3D 50 41 | as shown, UP=PA| 00003200: 4C 2C 20 44 4F 57 4E 3D 4E 54 53 43 2E 0D 0A 20 |L, DOWN=NTSC... | 00003210: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00003220: 20 20 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7C 20 6F 20 7C | | | o || 00003230: 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 00003240: 20 20 20 20 20 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2B 2D | | +-| 00003250: 2D 2D 2B 0D 0A 20 55 6E 69 6E 73 75 6C 61 74 65 |--+.. Uninsulate| 00003260: 64 20 2D 2D 3E 20 7C 20 7C 20 3C 2D 2D 20 54 68 |d --> | | <-- Th| 00003270: 69 73 20 73 69 64 65 20 69 73 20 69 6E 73 75 6C |is side is insul| 00003280: 61 74 65 64 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ated.. | 00003290: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5C 2D 2F 20 3C 2D 2D 20 46 | \-/ <-- F| 000032A0: 6F 6C 64 20 74 68 65 20 77 69 72 65 20 74 68 72 |old the wire thr| 000032B0: 75 20 31 38 30 20 64 65 67 72 65 65 73 0D 0A 0D |u 180 degrees...| 000032C0: 0A 33 2E 20 49 6E 73 65 72 74 20 74 68 65 20 6E |.3. Insert the n| 000032D0: 65 77 20 41 67 6E 75 73 2E 20 49 66 20 69 6E 73 |ew Agnus. If ins| 000032E0: 74 61 6C 6C 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 77 69 74 |talling the swit| 000032F0: 63 68 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 6E |ch, you should n| 00003300: 6F 77 20 70 6F 6B 65 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 6C 6F 6F |ow poke the..loo| 00003310: 73 65 20 65 6E 64 20 6F 66 20 77 69 72 65 20 28 |se end of wire (| 00003320: 73 65 65 20 61 62 6F 76 65 29 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 |see above) from | 00003330: 74 68 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 |the switch into | 00003340: 70 69 6E 20 34 31 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 6F |pin 41 of the so| 00003350: 63 6B 65 74 20 73 6F 0D 0A 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 |cket so..that th| 00003360: 65 20 62 61 72 65 20 63 6F 70 70 65 72 20 73 69 |e bare copper si| 00003370: 64 65 20 74 6F 75 63 68 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 70 |de touches the p| 00003380: 69 6E 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 69 70 20 61 |in on the chip a| 00003390: 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6E 73 75 6C 61 74 65 64 |nd the insulated| 000033A0: 20 73 69 64 65 0D 0A 74 6F 75 63 68 65 73 20 74 | side..touches t| 000033B0: 68 65 20 70 69 6E 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 73 6F |he pin on the so| 000033C0: 63 6B 65 74 2E 20 49 6E 20 6F 72 64 65 72 20 74 |cket. In order t| 000033D0: 6F 20 66 69 74 20 74 68 65 20 77 69 72 65 20 64 |o fit the wire d| 000033E0: 6F 77 6E 20 74 68 65 20 68 6F 6C 65 20 79 6F 75 |own the hole you| 000033F0: 20 6D 61 79 0D 0A 66 69 6E 64 20 69 74 20 6E 65 | may..find it ne| 00003400: 63 65 73 73 61 72 79 20 74 6F 20 62 65 6E 64 20 |cessary to bend | 00003410: 6F 75 74 20 6F 72 20 72 65 6D 6F 76 65 20 65 6E |out or remove en| 00003420: 74 69 72 65 6C 79 20 5B 4E 6F 74 20 72 65 63 6F |tirely [Not reco| 00003430: 6D 6D 65 6E 64 65 64 20 21 5D 20 74 68 65 20 70 |mmended !] the p| 00003440: 69 6E 0D 0A 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 |in..on the socke| 00003450: 74 2E 20 53 65 63 75 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 77 69 |t. Secure the wi| 00003460: 72 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 74 69 6E 79 20 64 |re with a tiny d| 00003470: 72 6F 70 20 6F 66 20 63 79 61 6E 6F 61 63 72 79 |rop of cyanoacry| 00003480: 6C 61 74 65 20 61 64 68 65 73 69 76 65 2E 0D 0A |late adhesive...| 00003490: 0D 0A 34 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 73 68 |..4. If you wish| 000034A0: 20 74 6F 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 20 61 20 6D 65 | to install a me| 000034B0: 6D 6F 72 79 20 6D 6F 64 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 |mory mode switch| 000034C0: 2C 20 67 6F 20 74 6F 20 73 74 65 70 20 35 2E 20 |, go to step 5. | 000034D0: 4F 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 65 2C 0D 0A 6C 6F 63 61 |Otherwise,..loca| 000034E0: 74 65 20 4A 50 32 20 28 62 65 74 77 65 65 6E 20 |te JP2 (between | 000034F0: 36 38 30 30 30 20 61 6E 64 20 52 4F 4D 29 2E 20 |68000 and ROM). | 00003500: 54 68 69 73 20 63 6F 6E 73 69 73 74 73 20 6F 66 |This consists of| 00003510: 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 70 61 64 73 2E 20 54 68 65 | three pads. The| 00003520: 20 63 65 6E 74 65 72 0D 0A 61 6E 64 20 6C 6F 77 | center..and low| 00003530: 65 72 20 70 61 64 73 20 61 72 65 20 6A 6F 69 6E |er pads are join| 00003540: 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 74 68 69 6E 20 74 72 61 |ed by a thin tra| 00003550: 63 6B 2E 20 43 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 72 61 |ck. Cut this tra| 00003560: 63 6B 20 61 6E 64 20 70 6C 61 63 65 20 61 20 64 |ck and place a d| 00003570: 72 6F 70 20 6F 66 0D 0A 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 62 |rop of..solder b| 00003580: 65 74 77 65 65 6E 20 74 68 65 20 63 65 6E 74 65 |etween the cente| 00003590: 72 20 61 6E 64 20 75 70 70 65 72 20 70 61 64 73 |r and upper pads| 000035A0: 2E 20 4E 6F 77 20 6C 6F 63 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 |. Now locate the| 000035B0: 20 5F 45 58 52 41 4D 20 6C 69 6E 65 20 63 6F 6D | _EXRAM line com| 000035C0: 69 6E 67 0D 0A 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 |ing..from the A5| 000035D0: 30 31 20 70 6F 72 74 20 28 69 74 20 63 6F 6D 65 |01 port (it come| 000035E0: 73 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 70 69 6E 20 23 33 32 20 61 |s from pin #32 a| 000035F0: 6E 64 20 72 75 6E 73 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 75 |nd runs on the u| 00003600: 70 70 65 72 20 73 69 64 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 |pper side of the| 00003610: 0D 0A 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 20 70 61 |..motherboard pa| 00003620: 72 61 6C 6C 65 6C 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 |rallel to the A5| 00003630: 30 31 20 63 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 6F 72 29 2E 20 43 |01 connector). C| 00003640: 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 6C 69 6E 65 2E 20 59 6F |ut this line. Yo| 00003650: 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 6E 6F 77 0D 0A 63 6F 6D 70 |u have now..comp| 00003660: 6C 65 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C |leted the instal| 00003670: 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 65 |lation procedure| 00003680: 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 35 2E 20 43 6F 6D 70 6C 69 63 61 |.....5. Complica| 00003690: 74 65 64 2E 20 4C 6F 63 61 74 65 20 4A 50 32 20 |ted. Locate JP2 | 000036A0: 61 6E 64 20 63 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 61 63 |and cut the trac| 000036B0: 6B 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 6A 6F 69 6E 73 20 74 68 |k which joins th| 000036C0: 65 20 63 65 6E 74 65 72 20 61 6E 64 20 6C 6F 77 |e center and low| 000036D0: 65 72 0D 0A 70 61 64 73 2E 20 4C 6F 63 61 74 65 |er..pads. Locate| 000036E0: 20 74 68 65 20 5F 45 58 52 41 4D 20 6C 69 6E 65 | the _EXRAM line| 000036F0: 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 30 31 20 70 | from the A501 p| 00003700: 6F 72 74 20 28 73 65 65 20 73 74 65 70 20 34 29 |ort (see step 4)| 00003710: 20 61 6E 64 20 63 75 74 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 74 72 | and cut the..tr| 00003720: 61 63 6B 2E 20 53 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 77 69 72 65 |ack. Solder wire| 00003730: 73 20 74 6F 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 70 |s to all three p| 00003740: 61 64 73 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 32 20 61 6E 64 20 6F |ads of JP2 and o| 00003750: 6E 65 20 77 69 72 65 20 74 6F 20 65 69 74 68 65 |ne wire to eithe| 00003760: 72 20 73 69 64 65 20 6F 66 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 67 |r side of..the g| 00003770: 61 70 20 79 6F 75 20 63 75 74 20 69 6E 20 74 68 |ap you cut in th| 00003780: 65 20 5F 45 58 52 41 4D 20 74 72 61 63 6B 2E 20 |e _EXRAM track. | 00003790: 57 69 72 65 20 61 20 44 50 44 54 20 73 77 69 74 |Wire a DPDT swit| 000037A0: 63 68 20 61 73 20 66 6F 6C 6C 6F 77 73 20 3A 0D |ch as follows :.| 000037B0: 0A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... | 000037C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 2B 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2B 20 20 42 | +-----+ B| 000037D0: 41 43 4B 20 56 49 45 57 20 4F 46 20 53 57 49 54 |ACK VIEW OF SWIT| 000037E0: 43 48 0D 0A 55 70 70 65 72 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 |CH..Upper pad of| 000037F0: 20 4A 50 32 20 2D 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 6F 20 7C 20 20 | JP2 --+-o o | | 00003800: 57 68 65 6E 20 68 65 6C 64 20 61 73 20 73 68 6F |When held as sho| 00003810: 77 6E 2C 20 55 50 3D 35 31 32 4B 20 43 48 49 50 |wn, UP=512K CHIP| 00003820: 2C 20 44 4F 57 4E 3D 31 4D 20 43 48 49 50 0D 0A |, DOWN=1M CHIP..| 00003830: 43 65 6E 74 65 72 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 |Center pad of JP| 00003840: 32 20 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 6F 2D 2B 2D 20 54 6F 20 6F |2 -+-o o-+- To o| 00003850: 6E 65 20 73 69 64 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 67 |ne side of the g| 00003860: 61 70 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 5F 45 58 52 41 4D |ap in the _EXRAM| 00003870: 20 74 72 61 63 6B 0D 0A 4C 6F 77 65 72 20 70 61 | track..Lower pa| 00003880: 64 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 32 20 2D 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 6F |d of JP2 --+-o o| 00003890: 2D 2B 2D 20 54 6F 20 74 68 65 20 6F 74 68 65 72 |-+- To the other| 000038A0: 20 73 69 64 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 67 61 70 | side of the gap| 000038B0: 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 000038C0: 20 20 20 20 20 2B 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2B 0D 0A 59 6F | +-----+..Yo| 000038D0: 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 6E 6F 77 20 63 6F 6D 70 6C |u have now compl| 000038E0: 65 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C |eted the install| 000038F0: 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 65 2E |ation procedure.| 00003900: 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 76 2D 36 2E 20 49 6E 73 74 61 6C |....iv-6. Instal| 00003910: 6C 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 38 33 37 32 61 20 74 |ling the 8372a t| 00003920: 6F 20 52 65 76 69 73 69 6F 6E 20 36 61 20 41 35 |o Revision 6a A5| 00003930: 30 30 27 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |00's..----------| 00003940: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00003950: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00003960: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 31 2E 20 52 65 6D 6F 76 |------..1. Remov| 00003970: 65 20 74 68 65 20 38 33 37 31 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 |e the 8371 from | 00003980: 69 74 73 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 2E 20 49 6E 73 65 |its socket. Inse| 00003990: 72 74 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 20 38 33 37 32 61 |rt the new 8372a| 000039A0: 2E 20 4E 54 53 43 20 75 73 65 72 73 20 77 68 6F |. NTSC users who| 000039B0: 20 64 6F 0D 0A 6E 6F 74 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6F | do..not wish to| 000039C0: 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 50 41 4C 20 6D 6F 64 | use the PAL mod| 000039D0: 65 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 67 6F 20 74 6F 20 73 |e should go to s| 000039E0: 74 65 70 20 33 2E 20 57 68 65 6E 20 69 6E 73 74 |tep 3. When inst| 000039F0: 61 6C 6C 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 0D 0A |alling the new..| 00003A00: 41 67 6E 75 73 2C 20 6E 6F 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 |Agnus, note that| 00003A10: 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 36 61 20 62 6F 61 72 64 | on the 6a board| 00003A20: 2C 20 74 68 65 20 41 67 6E 75 73 20 73 6F 63 6B |, the Agnus sock| 00003A30: 65 74 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6E 20 72 6F 74 61 |et has been rota| 00003A40: 74 65 64 20 39 30 20 64 65 67 72 65 65 73 0D 0A |ted 90 degrees..| 00003A50: 61 6E 74 69 2D 63 6C 6F 63 6B 77 69 73 65 20 66 |anti-clockwise f| 00003A60: 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20 6F 72 69 65 6E 74 61 74 |rom the orientat| 00003A70: 69 6F 6E 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 76 69 73 |ion on the revis| 00003A80: 69 6F 6E 20 35 20 62 6F 61 72 64 2E 20 46 6F 72 |ion 5 board. For| 00003A90: 20 74 68 69 73 20 72 65 61 73 6F 6E 2C 0D 0A 70 | this reason,..p| 00003AA0: 6C 75 67 67 69 6E 67 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 41 |lugging in the A| 00003AB0: 67 6E 75 73 20 63 6F 72 72 65 63 74 6C 79 20 69 |gnus correctly i| 00003AC0: 73 20 6E 6F 20 6C 6F 6E 67 65 72 20 61 6E 20 69 |s no longer an i| 00003AD0: 6E 74 75 69 74 69 76 65 20 6F 70 65 72 61 74 69 |ntuitive operati| 00003AE0: 6F 6E 20 21 0D 0A 32 2E 20 4A 50 34 20 63 6F 6E |on !..2. JP4 con| 00003AF0: 74 72 6F 6C 73 20 50 41 4C 2F 4E 54 53 43 20 76 |trols PAL/NTSC v| 00003B00: 69 64 65 6F 20 6D 6F 64 65 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F |ideo mode. If yo| 00003B10: 75 20 61 72 65 20 69 6E 20 4E 6F 72 74 68 20 41 |u are in North A| 00003B20: 6D 65 72 69 63 61 20 6F 72 20 48 6F 6E 67 20 4B |merica or Hong K| 00003B30: 6F 6E 67 0D 0A 6F 72 20 61 6E 79 77 68 65 72 65 |ong..or anywhere| 00003B40: 20 65 6C 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 4E 61 74 69 6F 6E | else the Nation| 00003B50: 61 6C 20 54 65 6C 65 76 69 73 69 6F 6E 20 53 74 |al Television St| 00003B60: 61 6E 64 61 72 64 73 20 43 6F 6D 6D 69 74 74 65 |andards Committe| 00003B70: 65 20 54 56 20 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 20 69 73 0D 0A |e TV format is..| 00003B80: 75 73 65 64 2C 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 68 6F 75 6C |used, this shoul| 00003B90: 64 20 62 65 20 62 72 69 64 67 65 64 20 62 79 20 |d be bridged by | 00003BA0: 61 20 74 72 61 63 6B 20 6F 72 20 61 20 62 6C 6F |a track or a blo| 00003BB0: 62 20 6F 66 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 2E 20 49 66 20 |b of solder. If | 00003BC0: 79 6F 75 20 61 72 65 20 69 6E 0D 0A 41 75 73 74 |you are in..Aust| 00003BD0: 72 61 6C 69 61 2C 20 45 75 72 6F 70 65 20 6F 72 |ralia, Europe or| 00003BE0: 20 61 6E 79 77 68 65 72 65 20 65 6C 73 65 20 74 | anywhere else t| 00003BF0: 68 65 20 50 68 61 73 65 2D 41 6C 74 65 72 6E 61 |he Phase-Alterna| 00003C00: 74 65 64 20 4C 69 6E 65 73 63 61 6E 20 54 56 20 |ted Linescan TV | 00003C10: 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 20 69 73 0D 0A 75 73 65 64 2C |format is..used,| 00003C20: 20 74 68 69 73 20 6A 75 6D 70 65 72 20 73 68 6F | this jumper sho| 00003C30: 75 6C 64 20 62 65 20 63 75 74 20 6F 70 65 6E 2E |uld be cut open.| 00003C40: 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6F 20 | If you wish to | 00003C50: 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 20 61 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 |install a switch| 00003C60: 2C 20 74 68 65 6E 0D 0A 73 69 6D 70 6C 79 20 63 |, then..simply c| 00003C70: 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 20 69 74 20 61 63 72 6F 73 73 |onnect it across| 00003C80: 20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6F 20 70 61 64 73 20 6F 66 | the two pads of| 00003C90: 20 74 68 65 20 6A 75 6D 70 65 72 2E 0D 0A 33 2E | the jumper...3.| 00003CA0: 20 43 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 61 63 6B 20 6A | Cut the track j| 00003CB0: 6F 69 6E 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 63 65 6E 74 65 |oining the cente| 00003CC0: 72 20 61 6E 64 20 75 70 70 65 72 20 70 61 64 73 |r and upper pads| 00003CD0: 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 32 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 | of JP2, and the| 00003CE0: 20 74 72 61 63 6B 0D 0A 6A 6F 69 6E 69 6E 67 20 | track..joining | 00003CF0: 74 68 65 20 63 65 6E 74 65 72 20 61 6E 64 20 75 |the center and u| 00003D00: 70 70 65 72 20 70 61 64 73 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 37 |pper pads of JP7| 00003D10: 61 2E 20 28 4A 50 32 20 69 73 20 62 65 74 77 65 |a. (JP2 is betwe| 00003D20: 65 6E 20 74 68 65 20 43 50 55 20 61 6E 64 20 74 |en the CPU and t| 00003D30: 68 65 20 52 4F 4D 0D 0A 61 6E 64 20 4A 50 37 61 |he ROM..and JP7a| 00003D40: 20 69 73 20 6A 75 73 74 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 | is just to the | 00003D50: 6C 65 66 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 30 31 |left of the A501| 00003D60: 20 63 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 6F 72 29 2E 20 49 66 20 | connector). If | 00003D70: 79 6F 75 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6F 20 69 6E 73 74 |you wish to inst| 00003D80: 61 6C 6C 20 61 0D 0A 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 73 77 |all a..memory sw| 00003D90: 69 74 63 68 2C 20 70 72 6F 63 65 65 64 20 74 6F |itch, proceed to| 00003DA0: 20 73 74 65 70 20 34 20 6F 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 | step 4 otherwis| 00003DB0: 65 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 63 65 6E |e solder the cen| 00003DC0: 74 65 72 20 61 6E 64 20 6C 6F 77 65 72 20 70 61 |ter and lower pa| 00003DD0: 64 73 20 6F 66 0D 0A 4A 50 32 20 74 6F 67 65 74 |ds of..JP2 toget| 00003DE0: 68 65 72 2E 20 59 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 6E 6F |her. You have no| 00003DF0: 77 20 63 6F 6D 70 6C 65 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 |w completed the | 00003E00: 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 70 72 6F |installation pro| 00003E10: 63 65 64 75 72 65 2E 0D 0A 34 2E 20 43 6F 6E 6E |cedure...4. Conn| 00003E20: 65 63 74 20 61 20 44 50 44 54 20 73 77 69 74 63 |ect a DPDT switc| 00003E30: 68 20 61 73 20 66 6F 6C 6C 6F 77 73 20 3A 0D 0A |h as follows :..| 00003E40: 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 00003E50: 20 20 20 20 20 2B 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2B 20 20 42 41 | +-----+ BA| 00003E60: 43 4B 20 56 49 45 57 20 4F 46 20 53 57 49 54 43 |CK VIEW OF SWITC| 00003E70: 48 0D 0A 55 70 70 65 72 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 20 |H..Upper pad of | 00003E80: 4A 50 32 20 2D 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 6F 20 7C 20 20 57 |JP2 --+-o o | W| 00003E90: 68 65 6E 20 68 65 6C 64 20 61 73 20 73 68 6F 77 |hen held as show| 00003EA0: 6E 2C 20 55 50 3D 35 31 32 4B 20 43 48 49 50 2C |n, UP=512K CHIP,| 00003EB0: 20 44 4F 57 4E 3D 31 4D 20 43 48 49 50 0D 0A 43 | DOWN=1M CHIP..C| 00003EC0: 65 6E 74 65 72 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 32 |enter pad of JP2| 00003ED0: 20 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 6F 2D 2B 2D 2D 20 43 65 6E 74 | -+-o o-+-- Cent| 00003EE0: 65 72 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 37 61 0D 0A |er pad of JP7a..| 00003EF0: 4C 6F 77 65 72 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 32 |Lower pad of JP2| 00003F00: 20 2D 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 6F 2D 2B 2D 2D 20 55 70 70 | --+-o o-+-- Upp| 00003F10: 65 72 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 20 4A 50 37 61 0D 0A |er pad of JP7a..| 00003F20: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00003F30: 20 20 20 2B 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2B 0D 0A 59 6F 75 20 | +-----+..You | 00003F40: 68 61 76 65 20 6E 6F 77 20 63 6F 6D 70 6C 65 74 |have now complet| 00003F50: 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 61 74 |ed the installat| 00003F60: 69 6F 6E 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 65 2E 0D 0A |ion procedure...| 00003F70: 0D 0A 76 2E 20 20 49 73 20 4D 79 20 4A 75 6D 70 |..v. Is My Jump| 00003F80: 65 72 20 4F 6E 20 54 68 65 20 4C 69 6E 65 20 3F |er On The Line ?| 00003F90: 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |..--------------| 00003FA0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00003FB0: 0D 0A 4E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 20 52 65 76 35 20 3F |..Number Rev5 ?| 00003FC0: 20 20 52 65 76 36 61 20 3F 20 46 75 6E 63 74 69 | Rev6a ? Functi| 00003FD0: 6F 6E 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |on..------------| 00003FE0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00003FF0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00004000: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00004010: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00004020: 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 4A 50 31 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 |---..JP1 yes| 00004030: 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 43 6F 6E | yes Con| 00004040: 6E 65 63 74 73 20 72 65 73 65 74 20 74 69 6D 65 |nects reset time| 00004050: 72 20 28 4E 45 35 35 35 29 20 74 6F 20 6D 61 69 |r (NE555) to mai| 00004060: 6E 20 72 65 73 65 74 0D 0A 4A 50 32 20 20 20 20 |n reset..JP2 | 00004070: 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 | yes yes | 00004080: 20 4D 61 70 73 20 41 35 30 31 20 61 74 20 24 43 | Maps A501 at $C| 00004090: 30 30 30 30 30 20 6F 72 20 24 38 30 30 30 30 0D |00000 or $80000.| 000040A0: 0A 4A 50 33 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 |.JP3 yes | 000040B0: 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 53 77 61 70 73 20 5F | yes Swaps _| 000040C0: 43 41 53 20 6F 66 20 52 41 4D 20 62 61 6E 6B 73 |CAS of RAM banks| 000040D0: 20 28 6F 66 20 75 73 65 20 66 6F 72 20 74 65 73 | (of use for tes| 000040E0: 74 20 70 75 72 70 6F 73 65 73 29 0D 0A 4A 50 34 |t purposes)..JP4| 000040F0: 20 20 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 | no yes| 00004100: 20 20 20 20 20 38 33 37 31 20 20 41 67 6E 75 73 | 8371 Agnus| 00004110: 20 3A 20 54 45 53 54 20 6C 69 6E 65 20 5B 73 6F | : TEST line [so| 00004120: 6C 64 65 72 20 63 6C 6F 73 65 64 20 21 21 5D 0D |lder closed !!].| 00004130: 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | 00004140: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 38 33 37 32 61 20 41 | 8372a A| 00004150: 67 6E 75 73 20 3A 20 50 41 4C 2F 4E 54 53 43 20 |gnus : PAL/NTSC | 00004160: 76 69 64 65 6F 20 6D 6F 64 65 20 73 65 6C 65 63 |video mode selec| 00004170: 74 0D 0A 4A 50 35 20 20 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 |t..JP5 no | 00004180: 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 32 38 4D 48 7A | yes 28MHz| 00004190: 20 62 61 73 65 20 63 6C 6F 63 6B 20 74 6F 20 41 | base clock to A| 000041A0: 67 6E 75 73 0D 0A 4A 50 36 20 20 20 20 20 6E 6F |gnus..JP6 no| 000041B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 37 4D | yes 7M| 000041C0: 48 7A 20 63 6C 6F 63 6B 20 6F 6E 20 70 69 6E 20 |Hz clock on pin | 000041D0: 37 20 6F 66 20 65 78 70 61 6E 73 69 6F 6E 20 63 |7 of expansion c| 000041E0: 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 6F 72 0D 0A 4A 50 37 61 20 20 |onnector..JP7a | 000041F0: 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 | no yes | 00004200: 20 20 43 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 73 20 5F 45 58 52 41 | Controls _EXRA| 00004210: 4D 20 74 6F 20 47 61 72 79 0D 0A 4A 50 37 62 20 |M to Gary..JP7b | 00004220: 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 | no yes | 00004230: 20 20 20 43 49 41 20 74 69 63 6B 20 66 72 6F 6D | CIA tick from| 00004240: 20 56 53 59 4E 43 20 6F 72 20 70 69 6E 20 33 32 | VSYNC or pin 32| 00004250: 20 6F 66 20 41 35 30 31 20 28 64 65 66 61 75 6C | of A501 (defaul| 00004260: 74 20 56 53 59 4E 43 29 0D 0A 4A 50 38 20 20 20 |t VSYNC)..JP8 | 00004270: 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 | no yes | 00004280: 20 20 4C 50 45 4E 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 46 49 52 45 | LPEN from FIRE| 00004290: 30 20 6F 72 20 46 49 52 45 31 0D 0A 4A 50 39 20 |0 or FIRE1..JP9 | 000042A0: 20 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 | no no | 000042B0: 20 20 20 20 3F 3F 3F 20 41 20 6E 6F 6E 2D 65 78 | ??? A non-ex| 000042C0: 69 73 74 65 6E 74 20 6A 75 6D 70 65 72 2E 20 46 |istent jumper. F| 000042D0: 75 74 75 72 65 20 52 65 76 2E 20 37 20 3F 3F 3F |uture Rev. 7 ???| 000042E0: 0D 0A 4A 50 31 30 61 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 20 |..JP10a no | 000042F0: 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 43 6F 6E 6E 65 63 | yes Connec| 00004300: 74 73 20 41 55 44 49 4E 20 74 6F 20 70 69 6E 20 |ts AUDIN to pin | 00004310: 31 38 20 6F 66 20 73 65 72 69 61 6C 20 70 6F 72 |18 of serial por| 00004320: 74 0D 0A 4A 50 31 30 62 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 20 |t..JP10b no | 00004330: 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 43 6F 6E 6E 65 | yes Conne| 00004340: 63 74 73 20 41 55 44 4F 55 54 20 74 6F 20 70 69 |cts AUDOUT to pi| 00004350: 6E 20 31 31 20 6F 66 20 52 53 32 33 32 20 70 6F |n 11 of RS232 po| 00004360: 72 74 0D 0A 4A 50 31 31 20 20 20 20 6E 6F 20 20 |rt..JP11 no | 00004370: 20 20 20 20 79 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 43 6F 6E 6E | yes Conn| 00004380: 65 63 74 73 20 43 53 59 4E 43 20 74 6F 20 42 43 |ects CSYNC to BC| 00004390: 53 59 4E 43 20 6F 72 20 76 69 64 65 6F 20 68 79 |SYNC or video hy| 000043A0: 62 72 69 64 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |brid..----------| 000043B0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 000043C0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 000043D0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 000043E0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 000043F0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 4E 42 3A 20 54 68 65 73 65 |-----..NB: These| 00004400: 20 61 72 65 20 41 35 30 30 20 6A 75 6D 70 65 72 | are A500 jumper| 00004410: 73 20 6F 6E 6C 79 2E 20 41 32 30 30 30 2C 20 32 |s only. A2000, 2| 00004420: 35 30 30 2C 20 33 30 30 30 20 68 61 76 65 20 64 |500, 3000 have d| 00004430: 69 66 66 65 72 65 6E 74 20 6A 75 6D 70 65 72 0D |ifferent jumper.| 00004440: 0A 61 73 73 69 67 6E 6D 65 6E 74 73 2E 20 54 68 |.assignments. Th| 00004450: 65 20 31 30 30 30 20 2A 6D 61 79 2A 20 68 61 76 |e 1000 *may* hav| 00004460: 65 20 73 69 6D 69 6C 61 72 20 73 65 74 74 69 6E |e similar settin| 00004470: 67 73 20 62 75 74 20 49 20 63 61 6E 6E 6F 74 20 |gs but I cannot | 00004480: 67 75 61 72 61 6E 74 65 65 20 74 68 69 73 2E 0D |guarantee this..| 00004490: 0A 0D 0A 76 69 2E 20 48 6F 6C 28 65 29 79 2C 20 |...vi. Hol(e)y, | 000044A0: 48 6F 6C 28 65 29 79 2C 20 48 6F 6C 28 65 29 79 |Hol(e)y, Hol(e)y| 000044B0: 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |..--------------| 000044C0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D |---------------.| 000044D0: 0A 4F 77 6E 65 72 73 20 6F 66 20 52 65 76 2E 20 |.Owners of Rev. | 000044E0: 36 61 20 41 35 30 30 27 73 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 6E |6a A500's will n| 000044F0: 6F 74 69 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 |otice that they | 00004500: 6F 6E 6C 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 34 20 52 41 4D 20 |only have 4 RAM | 00004510: 63 68 69 70 73 20 61 73 0D 0A 6F 70 70 6F 73 65 |chips as..oppose| 00004520: 64 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 31 36 20 69 6E 20 74 |d to the 16 in t| 00004530: 68 65 20 52 65 76 2E 20 35 20 61 6E 64 20 65 61 |he Rev. 5 and ea| 00004540: 72 6C 69 65 72 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 73 2E 20 |rlier machines. | 00004550: 54 68 65 79 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 61 6C 73 6F 20 6E |They will also n| 00004560: 6F 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 0D 0A 69 6E 20 62 65 74 |ote that..in bet| 00004570: 77 65 65 6E 20 74 68 65 20 52 41 4D 20 63 68 69 |ween the RAM chi| 00004580: 70 73 20 61 72 65 20 65 6D 70 74 79 20 73 65 74 |ps are empty set| 00004590: 73 20 6F 66 20 68 6F 6C 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 |s of holes which| 000045A0: 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 20 6C 69 6B 65 20 73 6F 6D 65 74 | look like somet| 000045B0: 68 69 6E 67 0D 0A 6F 75 67 68 74 20 74 6F 20 67 |hing..ought to g| 000045C0: 6F 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 74 68 65 6D 2E 0D 0A 20 20 |o into them... | 000045D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 69 72 73 74 6C 79 2C 20 66 | Firstly, f| 000045E0: 65 61 72 20 6E 6F 74 20 2D 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 |ear not - the re| 000045F0: 61 73 6F 6E 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 |ason you have a | 00004600: 71 75 61 72 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 6E 75 6D 62 |quarter the numb| 00004610: 65 72 20 6F 66 20 52 41 4D 0D 0A 63 68 69 70 73 |er of RAM..chips| 00004620: 20 61 73 20 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E | as older machin| 00004630: 65 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 36 |es is that the 6| 00004640: 61 20 75 73 65 73 20 34 34 32 35 36 20 34 2D 62 |a uses 44256 4-b| 00004650: 69 74 20 78 20 32 35 36 4B 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 |it x 256K chips | 00004660: 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 0D 0A 66 6F 75 72 20 |which are..four | 00004670: 74 69 6D 65 73 20 61 73 20 6C 61 72 67 65 20 61 |times as large a| 00004680: 73 20 74 68 65 20 34 31 32 35 36 20 31 2D 62 69 |s the 41256 1-bi| 00004690: 74 20 78 20 32 35 36 4B 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 75 |t x 256K chips u| 000046A0: 73 65 64 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 35 20 61 6E 64 |sed in the 5 and| 000046B0: 20 65 61 72 6C 69 65 72 0D 0A 72 65 76 69 73 69 | earlier..revisi| 000046C0: 6F 6E 73 2E 20 41 6C 6C 20 74 68 65 20 6D 6F 64 |ons. All the mod| 000046D0: 65 72 6E 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 |ern Amiga memory| 000046E0: 20 68 61 72 64 77 61 72 65 20 28 65 78 63 65 70 | hardware (excep| 000046F0: 74 20 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 79 20 74 68 65 20 41 |t possibly the A| 00004700: 35 30 31 29 0D 0A 75 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 |501)..uses these| 00004710: 20 6C 61 72 67 65 72 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 62 65 | larger chips be| 00004720: 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 73 |cause they are s| 00004730: 6C 69 67 68 74 6C 79 20 63 68 65 61 70 65 72 20 |lightly cheaper | 00004740: 6F 6E 20 61 20 64 6F 6C 6C 61 72 2D 70 65 72 2D |on a dollar-per-| 00004750: 0D 0A 6D 65 67 61 62 79 74 65 20 62 61 73 69 73 |..megabyte basis| 00004760: 2E 20 46 6F 72 20 65 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 2C 20 74 |. For example, t| 00004770: 68 65 20 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 53 65 72 69 65 73 20 |he older Series | 00004780: 49 20 41 35 39 30 20 68 61 72 64 20 64 72 69 76 |I A590 hard driv| 00004790: 65 73 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 34 31 32 35 |es use the..4125| 000047A0: 36 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 79 20 77 69 6C 6C |6, and they will| 000047B0: 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 20 75 70 20 74 6F 20 32 4D | accept up to 2M| 000047C0: 62 2E 20 54 68 65 20 6E 65 77 20 53 65 72 69 65 |b. The new Serie| 000047D0: 73 20 49 49 20 41 35 39 30 27 73 20 75 73 65 20 |s II A590's use | 000047E0: 74 68 65 20 34 34 32 35 36 0D 0A 28 61 6E 64 20 |the 44256..(and | 000047F0: 63 6F 6E 73 65 71 75 65 6E 74 6C 79 20 68 61 76 |consequently hav| 00004800: 65 20 65 6E 6F 75 67 68 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 74 |e enough space t| 00004810: 6F 20 66 69 74 20 38 4D 62 20 6F 66 20 52 41 4D |o fit 8Mb of RAM| 00004820: 29 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 75 74 2C |)... But,| 00004830: 20 62 61 63 6B 20 74 6F 20 74 68 6F 73 65 20 65 | back to those e| 00004840: 78 74 72 61 20 68 6F 6C 65 73 2E 20 54 68 65 79 |xtra holes. They| 00004850: 20 61 72 65 20 69 6E 64 65 65 64 20 64 65 73 69 | are indeed desi| 00004860: 67 6E 65 64 20 74 6F 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 0D 0A |gned to accept..| 00004870: 73 6F 6D 65 74 68 69 6E 67 3B 20 76 69 7A 2C 20 |something; viz, | 00004880: 61 6E 6F 74 68 65 72 20 73 65 74 20 6F 66 20 66 |another set of f| 00004890: 6F 75 72 20 34 34 32 35 36 27 73 20 74 6F 20 74 |our 44256's to t| 000048A0: 61 6B 65 20 79 6F 75 72 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 |ake your machine| 000048B0: 20 75 70 20 74 6F 20 31 4D 62 0D 0A 77 69 74 68 | up to 1Mb..with| 000048C0: 6F 75 74 20 68 61 76 69 6E 67 20 74 6F 20 62 75 |out having to bu| 000048D0: 79 20 61 6E 20 41 35 30 31 20 6F 72 20 6F 74 68 |y an A501 or oth| 000048E0: 65 72 20 65 78 70 61 6E 64 65 72 20 28 74 68 69 |er expander (thi| 000048F0: 73 20 69 73 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6C 61 72 6C |s is particularl| 00004900: 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 6C 0D 0A 69 66 20 79 6F 75 |y useful..if you| 00004910: 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 65 | have a memory e| 00004920: 78 70 61 6E 73 69 6F 6E 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 75 |xpansion which u| 00004930: 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 30 31 20 73 6C 6F |ses the A501 slo| 00004940: 74 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 79 6F 75 20 77 61 6E 74 20 |t, and you want | 00004950: 74 6F 20 68 61 76 65 0D 0A 31 4D 62 20 63 68 69 |to have..1Mb chi| 00004960: 70 2D 52 41 4D 29 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 77 |p-RAM). If you w| 00004970: 61 6E 74 20 74 6F 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 20 79 |ant to install y| 00004980: 6F 75 72 20 6F 77 6E 20 52 41 4D 20 74 68 65 72 |our own RAM ther| 00004990: 65 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 64 6F |e, you should do| 000049A0: 20 61 73 0D 0A 66 6F 6C 6C 6F 77 73 20 3A 20 50 | as..follows : P| 000049B0: 75 72 63 68 61 73 65 20 66 6F 75 72 20 32 30 2D |urchase four 20-| 000049C0: 70 69 6E 20 49 43 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 73 20 28 |pin IC sockets (| 000049D0: 70 72 65 66 65 72 61 62 6C 79 20 6D 61 63 68 69 |preferably machi| 000049E0: 6E 65 64 2D 70 69 6E 29 2E 20 4D 61 6B 65 20 73 |ned-pin). Make s| 000049F0: 75 72 65 0D 0A 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 |ure..you have a | 00004A00: 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 2D 73 6E 69 66 66 65 72 2E 20 |solder-sniffer. | 00004A10: 4E 6F 77 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 20 61 74 20 74 68 6F 73 |Now look at thos| 00004A20: 65 20 68 6F 6C 65 73 20 61 6E 64 20 79 6F 75 20 |e holes and you | 00004A30: 77 69 6C 6C 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 |will see that th| 00004A40: 65 79 0D 0A 61 72 65 20 63 6C 6F 67 67 65 64 20 |ey..are clogged | 00004A50: 62 79 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 28 74 68 69 73 20 |by solder (this | 00004A60: 69 73 20 64 75 65 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 |is due to the wa| 00004A70: 79 20 74 68 65 20 62 6F 61 72 64 73 20 61 72 65 |y the boards are| 00004A80: 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 65 64 3B 20 74 68 65 0D 0A | soldered; the..| 00004A90: 70 72 6F 63 65 73 73 20 63 6F 76 65 72 73 20 61 |process covers a| 00004AA0: 6C 6C 20 65 78 70 6F 73 65 64 20 63 6F 70 70 65 |ll exposed coppe| 00004AB0: 72 20 61 72 65 61 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 73 6F 6C |r areas with sol| 00004AC0: 64 65 72 29 2E 20 59 6F 75 20 6D 75 73 74 20 63 |der). You must c| 00004AD0: 6C 65 61 6E 20 74 68 69 73 0D 0A 73 6F 6C 64 65 |lean this..solde| 00004AE0: 72 20 6F 75 74 20 62 79 20 68 65 61 74 69 6E 67 |r out by heating| 00004AF0: 20 74 68 65 20 62 6F 61 72 64 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 | the board from | 00004B00: 6F 6E 65 20 73 69 64 65 20 61 6E 64 20 73 6E 69 |one side and sni| 00004B10: 66 66 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 |ffing the solder| 00004B20: 20 6F 75 74 20 6F 6E 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 6F 74 68 | out on..the oth| 00004B30: 65 72 20 28 6F 72 20 62 6C 6F 77 69 6E 67 20 74 |er (or blowing t| 00004B40: 68 65 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 74 68 72 6F 75 67 |he solder throug| 00004B50: 68 3B 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 20 63 68 6F 6F 73 65 |h; if you choose| 00004B60: 20 74 68 69 73 20 6D 65 74 68 6F 64 2C 20 6D 61 | this method, ma| 00004B70: 6B 65 20 73 75 72 65 0D 0A 74 6F 20 72 65 6D 6F |ke sure..to remo| 00004B80: 76 65 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 68 65 20 6C 69 74 74 6C |ve all the littl| 00004B90: 65 20 73 70 6C 61 73 68 65 73 20 6F 66 20 73 6F |e splashes of so| 00004BA0: 6C 64 65 72 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20 62 6F |lder from the bo| 00004BB0: 61 72 64 20 61 6E 64 20 79 6F 75 72 20 6C 61 70 |ard and your lap| 00004BC0: 29 2E 20 57 68 65 6E 0D 0A 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 |). When..you hav| 00004BD0: 65 20 63 6C 65 61 6E 65 64 20 6F 75 74 20 61 6C |e cleaned out al| 00004BE0: 6C 20 74 68 65 20 68 6F 6C 65 73 2C 20 73 6F 6C |l the holes, sol| 00004BF0: 64 65 72 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 |der in the socke| 00004C00: 74 73 2E 20 4E 6F 77 20 70 6C 75 67 20 69 6E 20 |ts. Now plug in | 00004C10: 66 6F 75 72 0D 0A 34 34 32 35 36 20 63 68 69 70 |four..44256 chip| 00004C20: 73 20 61 6E 64 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 31 |s and you have 1| 00004C30: 4D 62 20 6F 66 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 66 6F 72 |Mb of memory for| 00004C40: 20 73 6C 69 67 68 74 6C 79 20 6C 65 73 73 20 74 | slightly less t| 00004C50: 68 61 6E 20 74 68 65 20 63 6F 73 74 20 6F 66 20 |han the cost of | 00004C60: 61 6E 0D 0A 41 35 30 31 20 28 69 6E 20 41 75 73 |an..A501 (in Aus| 00004C70: 74 72 61 6C 69 61 2C 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 66 66 |tralia, the diff| 00004C80: 65 72 65 6E 63 65 20 69 73 20 72 6F 75 67 68 6C |erence is roughl| 00004C90: 79 20 41 24 32 30 29 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 |y A$20)... | 00004CA0: 20 20 57 69 74 68 20 72 65 73 70 65 63 74 20 74 | With respect t| 00004CB0: 6F 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 6F 66 20 52 |o the speed of R| 00004CC0: 41 4D 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 |AM chips require| 00004CD0: 64 2C 20 49 20 75 73 65 20 31 35 30 6E 73 20 63 |d, I use 150ns c| 00004CE0: 68 69 70 73 0D 0A 77 69 74 68 20 6E 6F 20 70 72 |hips..with no pr| 00004CF0: 6F 62 6C 65 6D 73 20 61 74 20 61 6C 6C 3B 20 68 |oblems at all; h| 00004D00: 6F 77 65 76 65 72 2C 20 49 20 73 75 73 70 65 63 |owever, I suspec| 00004D10: 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 43 6F 6D 6D 6F 64 6F 72 65 |t that Commodore| 00004D20: 20 77 6F 75 6C 64 20 72 65 63 6F 6D 6D 65 6E 64 | would recommend| 00004D30: 0D 0A 31 30 30 6E 73 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 73 2E |..100ns devices.| 00004D40: 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 69 63 65 20 64 69 66 66 65 | The price diffe| 00004D50: 72 65 6E 63 65 20 69 73 20 6D 69 6E 69 6D 61 6C |rence is minimal| 00004D60: 20 73 6F 20 79 6F 75 20 6D 61 79 20 61 73 20 77 | so you may as w| 00004D70: 65 6C 6C 20 62 75 79 20 31 30 30 6E 73 0D 0A 63 |ell buy 100ns..c| 00004D80: 68 69 70 73 20 73 6F 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 66 20 |hips so that if | 00004D90: 79 6F 75 20 65 76 65 72 20 62 75 79 20 61 20 73 |you ever buy a s| 00004DA0: 65 72 69 65 73 20 49 49 20 41 35 39 30 2C 20 79 |eries II A590, y| 00004DB0: 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 20 73 68 69 66 74 20 74 68 65 |ou can shift the| 00004DC0: 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 6F 76 65 72 0D 0A 61 6E 64 | chips over..and| 00004DD0: 20 68 61 76 65 20 31 30 30 25 2D 67 75 61 72 61 | have 100%-guara| 00004DE0: 6E 74 65 65 64 2D 6E 6F 74 2D 74 6F 2D 6F 76 65 |nteed-not-to-ove| 00004DF0: 72 68 65 61 74 20 66 61 73 74 2D 52 41 4D 2E 0D |rheat fast-RAM..| 00004E00: 0A 0D 0A 76 69 69 2E 20 31 4D 62 20 6F 66 20 4D |...vii. 1Mb of M| 00004E10: 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 20 4D 65 6D 6F 72 |otherboard Memor| 00004E20: 79 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 52 65 76 2E 20 35 0D |y on the Rev. 5.| 00004E30: 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |.---------------| 00004E40: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00004E50: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 49 |-------------..I| 00004E60: 74 20 69 73 20 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 20 74 6F |t is possible to| 00004E70: 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 20 31 4D 62 20 6F 66 20 | install 1Mb of | 00004E80: 52 41 4D 20 6F 6E 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 76 |RAM onto the rev| 00004E90: 69 73 69 6F 6E 20 35 20 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F |ision 5 motherbo| 00004EA0: 61 72 64 2E 20 48 6F 77 65 76 65 72 2C 0D 0A 74 |ard. However,..t| 00004EB0: 68 69 73 20 6D 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E |his modification| 00004EC0: 20 69 73 20 66 6C 61 6B 79 20 61 74 20 62 65 73 | is flaky at bes| 00004ED0: 74 20 61 6E 64 20 49 20 63 61 6E 6E 6F 74 20 72 |t and I cannot r| 00004EE0: 65 63 6F 6D 6D 65 6E 64 20 69 74 20 28 68 61 76 |ecommend it (hav| 00004EF0: 69 6E 67 20 74 72 69 65 64 20 69 74 0D 0A 69 6E |ing tried it..in| 00004F00: 20 61 20 6D 6F 6D 65 6E 74 20 6F 66 20 73 68 65 | a moment of she| 00004F10: 65 72 20 62 6F 72 65 64 6F 6D 29 2E 20 41 6C 73 |er boredom). Als| 00004F20: 6F 20 6E 6F 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 63 6F |o note that I co| 00004F30: 75 6C 64 20 2A 6E 6F 74 2A 20 67 65 74 20 74 68 |uld *not* get th| 00004F40: 69 73 20 65 78 74 72 61 0D 0A 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 |is extra..memory| 00004F50: 20 74 6F 20 62 65 20 6D 61 70 70 65 64 20 61 74 | to be mapped at| 00004F60: 20 24 43 30 30 30 30 30 20 28 74 68 65 20 63 6F | $C00000 (the co| 00004F70: 6D 70 75 74 65 72 20 77 6F 75 6C 64 20 6F 6E 6C |mputer would onl| 00004F80: 79 20 72 65 63 6F 67 6E 69 73 65 20 69 74 20 69 |y recognise it i| 00004F90: 66 20 49 20 68 61 64 0D 0A 4A 50 32 20 73 65 74 |f I had..JP2 set| 00004FA0: 20 74 6F 20 6D 61 70 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 30 31 | to map the A501| 00004FB0: 20 61 74 20 24 38 30 30 30 30 29 3B 20 77 68 69 | at $80000); whi| 00004FC0: 63 68 20 6D 65 61 6E 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 |ch means that it| 00004FD0: 20 69 73 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 6F 66 20 70 6F 74 65 | is only of pote| 00004FE0: 6E 74 69 61 6C 0D 0A 69 6E 74 65 72 65 73 74 20 |ntial..interest | 00004FF0: 74 6F 20 6F 77 6E 65 72 73 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 |to owners of the| 00005000: 20 31 4D 42 20 41 67 6E 75 73 2E 20 28 54 68 69 | 1MB Agnus. (Thi| 00005010: 73 20 66 61 69 6C 75 72 65 20 74 6F 20 77 6F 72 |s failure to wor| 00005020: 6B 20 61 73 20 24 43 30 20 52 41 4D 20 6D 61 79 |k as $C0 RAM may| 00005030: 20 77 65 6C 6C 0D 0A 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 6E | well..have been| 00005040: 20 64 75 65 20 74 6F 20 73 6F 6D 65 20 73 74 75 | due to some stu| 00005050: 70 69 64 20 6F 6D 69 73 73 69 6F 6E 20 6F 6E 20 |pid omission on | 00005060: 6D 79 20 70 61 72 74 29 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 |my part)... | 00005070: 20 20 20 49 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 64 65 6C 69 62 65 | I will delibe| 00005080: 72 61 74 65 6C 79 20 62 65 20 76 61 67 75 65 20 |rately be vague | 00005090: 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 |because this is | 000050A0: 6E 6F 74 20 61 20 74 72 69 76 69 61 6C 0D 0A 6D |not a trivial..m| 000050B0: 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 2E 20 49 66 20 |odification. If | 000050C0: 79 6F 75 20 61 72 65 20 75 6E 61 62 6C 65 20 74 |you are unable t| 000050D0: 6F 20 77 6F 72 6B 20 6F 75 74 20 77 68 61 74 20 |o work out what | 000050E0: 74 6F 20 64 6F 20 77 69 74 68 20 63 6F 6E 66 69 |to do with confi| 000050F0: 64 65 6E 63 65 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 64 6F 0D 0A 6E |dence, you do..n| 00005100: 6F 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 65 6E 6F 75 67 68 20 6B |ot have enough k| 00005110: 6E 6F 77 6C 65 64 67 65 20 74 6F 20 70 65 72 66 |nowledge to perf| 00005120: 6F 72 6D 20 74 68 65 20 6D 6F 64 2E 0D 0A 20 20 |orm the mod... | 00005130: 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 | The proced| 00005140: 75 72 65 20 63 61 6E 20 62 65 20 73 75 6D 6D 61 |ure can be summa| 00005150: 72 69 73 65 64 20 61 73 20 66 6F 6C 6C 6F 77 73 |rised as follows| 00005160: 3A 20 54 61 6B 65 20 73 69 78 74 65 65 6E 20 34 |: Take sixteen 4| 00005170: 31 32 35 36 20 52 41 4D 0D 0A 63 68 69 70 73 20 |1256 RAM..chips | 00005180: 28 66 6F 72 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 69 6E 66 6F 72 |(for speed infor| 00005190: 6D 61 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 |mation, see the | 000051A0: 65 6E 64 20 6F 66 20 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 6F |end of subsectio| 000051B0: 6E 20 76 69 2E 20 61 62 6F 76 65 29 2E 20 42 65 |n vi. above). Be| 000051C0: 6E 64 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 72 65 66 72 65 73 68 20 |nd the..refresh | 000051D0: 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 73 74 72 6F 62 65 20 70 |address strobe p| 000051E0: 69 6E 73 20 28 5F 52 41 53 2C 20 70 69 6E 20 34 |ins (_RAS, pin 4| 000051F0: 29 20 6F 6E 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 69 |) on all the chi| 00005200: 70 73 20 75 70 20 61 6E 64 20 6F 76 65 72 20 73 |ps up and over s| 00005210: 6F 20 74 68 61 74 0D 0A 69 74 20 69 73 20 77 65 |o that..it is we| 00005220: 6C 6C 20 63 6C 65 61 72 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 |ll clear of the | 00005230: 6F 74 68 65 72 20 70 69 6E 73 20 61 6E 64 20 65 |other pins and e| 00005240: 61 73 69 6C 79 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 69 62 6C 65 |asily accessible| 00005250: 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20 74 6F 70 20 6F 66 | from the top of| 00005260: 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 63 68 69 70 2E 20 42 65 6E 64 | the..chip. Bend| 00005270: 20 69 6E 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 68 65 20 6F 74 68 65 | in all the othe| 00005280: 72 20 70 69 6E 73 20 61 20 6C 69 74 74 6C 65 2E |r pins a little.| 00005290: 20 4E 6F 77 2C 20 70 69 67 67 79 62 61 63 6B 20 | Now, piggyback | 000052A0: 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 6F 6E |the new chips on| 000052B0: 20 74 6F 70 0D 0A 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 69 | top..of the exi| 000052C0: 73 74 69 6E 67 20 52 41 4D 2C 20 6D 61 6B 69 6E |sting RAM, makin| 000052D0: 67 20 73 75 72 65 20 74 6F 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C |g sure to instal| 000052E0: 6C 20 74 68 65 6D 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 |l them in the sa| 000052F0: 6D 65 20 6F 72 69 65 6E 74 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 61 |me orientation a| 00005300: 73 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 6F 72 69 67 69 6E 61 6C 20 |s..the original | 00005310: 63 68 69 70 73 2E 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 74 |chips. It is not| 00005320: 20 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 20 74 6F 20 72 65 61 | possible to rea| 00005330: 63 68 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 68 65 20 70 69 6E 73 20 |ch all the pins | 00005340: 74 6F 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 74 68 65 6D 2C 0D |to solder them,.| 00005350: 0A 73 6F 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 68 61 76 |.so you will hav| 00005360: 65 20 74 6F 20 63 6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 20 79 6F 75 |e to content you| 00005370: 72 73 65 6C 66 20 77 69 74 68 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 |rself with only | 00005380: 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 63 6F |soldering the co| 00005390: 72 6E 65 72 20 70 69 6E 73 2E 0D 0A 53 6F 6C 64 |rner pins...Sold| 000053A0: 65 72 20 77 69 72 65 73 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 |er wires from th| 000053B0: 65 20 62 65 6E 74 2D 75 70 20 5F 52 41 53 20 70 |e bent-up _RAS p| 000053C0: 69 6E 73 20 74 6F 20 70 69 6E 20 23 33 38 20 6F |ins to pin #38 o| 000053D0: 66 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 30 31 20 70 6F 72 74 20 |f the A501 port | 000053E0: 28 6F 72 20 61 6E 79 0D 0A 63 6F 6E 76 65 6E 69 |(or any..conveni| 000053F0: 65 6E 74 20 74 61 6B 65 2D 6F 66 66 20 70 6F 69 |ent take-off poi| 00005400: 6E 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 69 67 6E 61 |nt of this signa| 00005410: 6C 29 2E 20 59 6F 75 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 6E |l). You should n| 00005420: 6F 77 20 68 61 76 65 20 31 4D 62 20 6F 66 20 52 |ow have 1Mb of R| 00005430: 41 4D 2E 20 28 49 66 0D 0A 79 6F 75 20 77 61 6E |AM. (If..you wan| 00005440: 74 20 74 6F 20 74 72 79 20 75 73 69 6E 67 20 69 |t to try using i| 00005450: 74 20 61 73 20 24 43 30 30 30 30 30 20 52 41 4D |t as $C00000 RAM| 00005460: 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 67 72 6F |, you should gro| 00005470: 75 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 5F 45 58 52 41 4D 20 70 |und the _EXRAM p| 00005480: 69 6E 2C 20 70 69 6E 0D 0A 23 33 32 2C 20 6F 66 |in, pin..#32, of| 00005490: 20 74 68 65 20 41 35 30 31 20 70 6F 72 74 2E 20 | the A501 port. | 000054A0: 49 20 68 61 64 20 6E 6F 20 73 75 63 63 65 73 73 |I had no success| 000054B0: 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 69 73 29 2E 20 54 68 69 | with this). Thi| 000054C0: 73 20 6D 6F 64 20 73 6F 75 6E 64 73 20 61 6C 6C |s mod sounds all| 000054D0: 20 76 65 72 79 0D 0A 77 65 6C 6C 2C 20 62 75 74 | very..well, but| 000054E0: 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6E 74 20 | in the current | 000054F0: 63 6C 69 6D 61 74 65 20 69 74 20 6D 61 79 20 62 |climate it may b| 00005500: 65 20 73 6C 69 67 68 74 6C 79 20 63 68 65 61 70 |e slightly cheap| 00005510: 65 72 20 74 6F 20 62 75 79 20 61 0D 0A 73 65 63 |er to buy a..sec| 00005520: 6F 6E 64 68 61 6E 64 20 41 35 30 31 20 74 68 61 |ondhand A501 tha| 00005530: 6E 20 74 6F 20 62 75 79 20 34 31 32 35 36 20 63 |n to buy 41256 c| 00005540: 68 69 70 73 2E 20 49 6E 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 6F |hips. In additio| 00005550: 6E 2C 20 64 75 65 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |n, due to the pr| 00005560: 65 63 61 72 69 6F 75 73 0D 0A 68 6F 6C 64 20 74 |ecarious..hold t| 00005570: 68 65 20 70 69 67 67 79 62 61 63 6B 65 64 20 63 |he piggybacked c| 00005580: 68 69 70 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 |hips have on the| 00005590: 20 6F 72 69 67 69 6E 61 6C 73 20 28 62 65 63 61 | originals (beca| 000055A0: 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 6E 27 74 20 |use there isn't | 000055B0: 65 6E 6F 75 67 68 0D 0A 72 6F 6F 6D 20 74 6F 20 |enough..room to | 000055C0: 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 61 6C 6C 20 6F 66 20 74 68 |solder all of th| 000055D0: 65 20 70 69 6E 73 20 64 6F 77 6E 29 2C 20 74 68 |e pins down), th| 000055E0: 65 20 6D 6F 64 20 69 73 20 73 65 6E 73 69 74 69 |e mod is sensiti| 000055F0: 76 65 20 74 6F 20 73 68 6F 63 6B 3B 20 69 66 20 |ve to shock; if | 00005600: 79 6F 75 0D 0A 74 61 70 20 74 68 65 20 74 61 62 |you..tap the tab| 00005610: 6C 65 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 20 73 6F 6D 65 |le, you can some| 00005620: 74 69 6D 65 73 20 67 75 72 75 20 74 68 65 20 6D |times guru the m| 00005630: 61 63 68 69 6E 65 2E 20 46 6F 72 20 74 68 69 73 |achine. For this| 00005640: 20 72 65 61 73 6F 6E 2C 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 | reason, this is| 00005650: 20 61 0D 0A 22 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 20 62 75 | a.."possible bu| 00005660: 74 20 69 6C 6C 2D 61 64 76 69 73 65 64 22 20 6D |t ill-advised" m| 00005670: 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A |odification.....| 00005680: 76 69 69 69 2E 20 44 6F 75 62 6C 65 20 54 72 6F |viii. Double Tro| 00005690: 75 62 6C 65 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |uble..----------| 000056A0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 54 68 65 20 |----------..The | 000056B0: 68 61 63 6B 20 74 6F 20 61 63 63 65 6C 65 72 61 |hack to accelera| 000056C0: 74 65 20 79 6F 75 72 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 74 6F |te your Amiga to| 000056D0: 20 31 34 4D 48 7A 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6E 20 | 14MHz has been | 000056E0: 70 75 62 6C 69 73 68 65 64 20 69 6E 20 63 6F 75 |published in cou| 000056F0: 6E 74 6C 65 73 73 0D 0A 61 72 74 69 63 6C 65 73 |ntless..articles| 00005700: 2C 20 62 75 74 20 49 20 6D 61 79 20 61 73 20 77 |, but I may as w| 00005710: 65 6C 6C 20 69 6E 63 6C 75 64 65 20 61 20 62 72 |ell include a br| 00005720: 69 65 66 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 6F 6E 20 |ief description | 00005730: 6F 66 20 69 74 20 68 65 72 65 2E 20 54 68 65 20 |of it here. The | 00005740: 68 61 63 6B 0D 0A 69 6E 76 6F 6C 76 65 73 20 72 |hack..involves r| 00005750: 65 6D 6F 76 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 6F 72 69 67 |emoving the orig| 00005760: 69 6E 61 6C 20 36 38 30 30 30 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 |inal 68000 from | 00005770: 79 6F 75 72 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 61 6E 64 20 73 |your Amiga and s| 00005780: 75 62 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 6E 67 20 61 0D 0A 76 |ubstituting a..v| 00005790: 65 72 73 69 6F 6E 20 72 61 74 65 64 20 61 74 20 |ersion rated at | 000057A0: 31 36 4D 48 7A 20 28 63 6F 6E 66 75 73 69 6E 67 |16MHz (confusing| 000057B0: 6C 79 20 63 61 6C 6C 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 36 38 |ly called the 68| 000057C0: 30 30 30 50 2D 31 32 3B 20 74 68 65 20 4D 6F 74 |000P-12; the Mot| 000057D0: 6F 72 6F 6C 61 20 63 68 69 70 73 0D 0A 68 61 76 |orola chips..hav| 000057E0: 65 20 22 31 36 4D 48 7A 22 20 73 74 61 6D 70 65 |e "16MHz" stampe| 000057F0: 64 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 6D 2C 20 62 75 74 20 74 |d on them, but t| 00005800: 68 65 20 53 47 53 2D 54 68 6F 6D 70 73 6F 6E 20 |he SGS-Thompson | 00005810: 63 6C 6F 6E 65 73 20 64 6F 20 6E 6F 74 29 2E 20 |clones do not). | 00005820: 54 68 65 20 63 6C 6F 63 6B 0D 0A 70 69 6E 20 69 |The clock..pin i| 00005830: 73 20 62 65 6E 74 20 6F 75 74 20 61 6E 64 20 73 |s bent out and s| 00005840: 6F 6C 64 65 72 65 64 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 6F |oldered to the o| 00005850: 75 74 70 75 74 20 6F 66 20 61 20 64 69 76 69 64 |utput of a divid| 00005860: 65 2D 62 79 2D 32 20 63 6F 75 6E 74 65 72 20 77 |e-by-2 counter w| 00005870: 68 6F 73 65 0D 0A 69 6E 70 75 74 20 69 73 20 63 |hose..input is c| 00005880: 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 65 64 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 |onnected to the | 00005890: 62 61 73 65 20 32 38 4D 48 7A 20 63 6C 6F 63 6B |base 28MHz clock| 000058A0: 2E 20 54 48 49 53 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 49 43 41 54 |. THIS MODIFICAT| 000058B0: 49 4F 4E 20 53 48 4F 55 4C 44 20 42 45 0D 0A 49 |ION SHOULD BE..I| 000058C0: 4E 53 54 41 4C 4C 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 |NSTALLED WITH A | 000058D0: 53 57 49 54 43 48 20 21 21 20 49 66 20 6E 6F 74 |SWITCH !! If not| 000058E0: 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 28 6E 6F 74 20 |, you WILL (not | 000058F0: 6D 61 79 29 20 66 69 6E 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 |may) find that s| 00005900: 6F 6D 65 20 67 61 6D 65 73 0D 0A 77 69 6C 6C 20 |ome games..will | 00005910: 72 65 66 75 73 65 20 74 6F 20 6C 6F 61 64 20 62 |refuse to load b| 00005920: 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 75 73 65 20 |ecause they use | 00005930: 74 69 6D 69 6E 67 2D 64 65 70 65 6E 64 65 6E 74 |timing-dependent| 00005940: 20 6C 6F 61 64 65 72 73 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 | loaders... | 00005950: 20 20 20 41 73 69 64 65 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 | Aside from th| 00005960: 65 20 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 20 6D 65 6E 74 69 6F |e problem mentio| 00005970: 6E 65 64 20 61 62 6F 76 65 2C 20 74 68 65 20 6F |ned above, the o| 00005980: 6E 6C 79 20 63 6F 6D 70 61 74 69 62 69 6C 69 74 |nly compatibilit| 00005990: 79 0D 0A 64 6F 77 6E 2D 73 69 64 65 20 74 6F 20 |y..down-side to | 000059A0: 74 68 69 73 20 6D 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F |this modificatio| 000059B0: 6E 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 6F 6D 65 20 66 |n is that some f| 000059C0: 6C 6F 70 70 79 20 64 72 69 76 65 73 20 77 69 6C |loppy drives wil| 000059D0: 6C 20 6E 6F 74 20 68 61 6E 64 6C 65 20 74 68 65 |l not handle the| 000059E0: 0D 0A 69 6E 63 72 65 61 73 65 64 20 73 74 65 70 |..increased step| 000059F0: 20 72 61 74 65 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 66 69 | rate. If you fi| 00005A00: 6E 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6F 75 72 20 64 72 69 |nd that your dri| 00005A10: 76 65 73 20 67 69 76 65 20 72 65 61 64 2F 77 72 |ves give read/wr| 00005A20: 69 74 65 20 65 72 72 6F 72 73 20 61 74 0D 0A 74 |ite errors at..t| 00005A30: 68 65 20 68 69 67 68 20 73 70 65 65 64 2C 20 79 |he high speed, y| 00005A40: 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 72 65 |ou can either re| 00005A50: 70 6C 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 6D 20 6F 72 20 72 75 |place them or ru| 00005A60: 6E 20 61 20 70 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 20 63 61 6C 6C |n a program call| 00005A70: 65 64 20 22 44 46 44 65 6C 61 79 22 0D 0A 74 6F |ed "DFDelay"..to| 00005A80: 20 73 6C 6F 77 20 64 6F 77 6E 20 74 68 65 20 73 | slow down the s| 00005A90: 74 65 70 20 72 61 74 65 2E 20 28 49 66 20 64 66 |tep rate. (If df| 00005AA0: 30 3A 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 6E 6F 74 20 77 6F 72 6B |0: will not work| 00005AB0: 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 70 72 6F |, you have a pro| 00005AC0: 62 6C 65 6D 2E 20 54 72 79 0D 0A 73 77 61 70 70 |blem. Try..swapp| 00005AD0: 69 6E 67 20 64 66 31 3A 20 66 6F 72 20 64 66 30 |ing df1: for df0| 00005AE0: 3A 20 2D 20 74 6F 20 64 6F 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |: - to do which | 00005AF0: 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 6E 65 65 64 20 61 20 |you will need a | 00005B00: 43 6F 6D 6D 6F 64 6F 72 65 20 64 66 31 3A 2E 20 |Commodore df1:. | 00005B10: 54 68 65 0D 0A 6D 65 63 68 61 6E 69 73 6D 73 20 |The..mechanisms | 00005B20: 75 73 65 64 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6F 6C 64 20 |used in the old | 00005B30: 41 31 30 31 30 20 64 72 69 76 65 73 20 61 72 65 |A1010 drives are| 00005B40: 20 45 58 54 52 45 4D 45 4C 59 20 72 65 6C 69 61 | EXTREMELY relia| 00005B50: 62 6C 65 20 61 6E 64 20 6D 75 63 68 0D 0A 71 75 |ble and much..qu| 00005B60: 69 65 74 65 72 20 74 68 61 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6E |ieter than the n| 00005B70: 65 77 20 72 75 62 62 69 73 68 79 20 74 68 69 6E |ew rubbishy thin| 00005B80: 67 73 3B 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 |gs; if you have | 00005B90: 61 6E 20 41 31 30 31 30 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 63 61 |an A1010, you ca| 00005BA0: 6E 20 62 65 20 66 61 69 72 6C 79 0D 0A 63 65 72 |n be fairly..cer| 00005BB0: 74 61 69 6E 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 77 69 6C |tain that it wil| 00005BC0: 6C 20 73 75 70 70 6F 72 74 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 |l support the ne| 00005BD0: 77 20 73 70 65 65 64 29 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 |w speed)... | 00005BE0: 20 20 20 54 6F 20 70 65 72 66 6F 72 6D 20 74 68 | To perform th| 00005BF0: 65 20 6D 6F 64 2C 20 72 65 6D 6F 76 65 20 79 6F |e mod, remove yo| 00005C00: 75 72 20 6F 6C 64 20 36 38 30 30 30 20 61 6E 64 |ur old 68000 and| 00005C10: 20 65 6D 62 65 64 20 69 74 20 69 6E 20 61 20 70 | embed it in a p| 00005C20: 65 72 73 70 65 78 0D 0A 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20 66 6F |erspex..block fo| 00005C30: 72 20 66 75 74 75 72 65 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6E |r future referen| 00005C40: 63 65 2E 20 4E 6F 77 20 72 69 67 20 68 61 6C 66 |ce. Now rig half| 00005C50: 20 6F 66 20 61 20 37 34 53 37 34 20 64 75 61 6C | of a 74S74 dual| 00005C60: 20 44 20 62 69 73 74 61 62 6C 65 20 61 73 20 61 | D bistable as a| 00005C70: 0D 0A 64 69 76 69 64 65 2D 62 79 2D 32 20 63 6F |..divide-by-2 co| 00005C80: 75 6E 74 65 72 2E 20 43 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 20 74 |unter. Connect t| 00005C90: 68 65 20 69 6E 70 75 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 69 73 |he input of this| 00005CA0: 20 74 6F 20 61 20 63 6F 6E 76 65 6E 69 65 6E 74 | to a convenient| 00005CB0: 20 74 61 6B 65 2D 6F 66 66 20 70 6F 69 6E 74 0D | take-off point.| 00005CC0: 0A 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 32 38 4D 48 7A 20 63 6C |.of the 28MHz cl| 00005CD0: 6F 63 6B 20 6C 69 6E 65 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 |ock line on the | 00005CE0: 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 20 28 49 20 75 |motherboard (I u| 00005CF0: 73 65 20 70 69 6E 20 23 33 34 20 6F 66 20 41 67 |se pin #34 of Ag| 00005D00: 6E 75 73 2C 20 62 75 74 0D 0A 61 6E 79 77 68 65 |nus, but..anywhe| 00005D10: 72 65 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 64 6F 29 2E 20 4E 6F 77 |re will do). Now| 00005D20: 20 62 65 6E 64 20 6F 75 74 20 70 69 6E 20 31 35 | bend out pin 15| 00005D30: 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 20 43 50 55 20 | of the new CPU | 00005D40: 61 6E 64 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 61 20 77 69 72 |and solder a wir| 00005D50: 65 20 74 6F 0D 0A 74 68 69 73 20 70 69 6E 2E 20 |e to..this pin. | 00005D60: 54 61 6B 65 20 61 20 70 69 65 63 65 20 6F 66 20 |Take a piece of | 00005D70: 73 74 69 66 66 20 74 65 6C 65 70 68 6F 6E 65 20 |stiff telephone | 00005D80: 77 69 72 65 2C 20 73 74 72 69 70 20 61 70 70 72 |wire, strip appr| 00005D90: 6F 78 2E 20 35 6D 6D 20 6F 66 0D 0A 69 6E 73 75 |ox. 5mm of..insu| 00005DA0: 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 6F 6E 65 20 |lation from one | 00005DB0: 65 6E 64 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 73 74 69 63 6B 20 74 |end, and stick t| 00005DC0: 68 69 73 20 65 6E 64 20 64 6F 77 6E 20 70 69 6E |his end down pin| 00005DD0: 20 31 35 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 36 38 30 30 30 | 15 of the 68000| 00005DE0: 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 2E 0D 0A 49 6E 73 65 72 74 | socket...Insert| 00005DF0: 20 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 20 43 50 55 20 69 6E 20 | the new CPU in | 00005E00: 74 68 65 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 20 61 6E 64 20 76 |the socket and v| 00005E10: 65 72 69 66 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 70 69 6E 20 31 |erify that pin 1| 00005E20: 35 20 69 73 20 77 65 6C 6C 20 63 6C 65 61 72 20 |5 is well clear | 00005E30: 6F 66 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 77 69 72 65 20 69 6E 20 |of the..wire in | 00005E40: 74 68 65 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 2E 20 4E 6F 77 20 |the socket. Now | 00005E50: 77 69 72 65 20 61 20 53 50 44 54 20 73 77 69 74 |wire a SPDT swit| 00005E60: 63 68 20 61 73 20 66 6F 6C 6C 6F 77 73 20 3A 0D |ch as follows :.| 00005E70: 0A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... | 00005E80: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00005E90: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 | B| 00005EA0: 41 43 4B 20 56 49 45 57 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ACK VIEW.. | 00005EB0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00005EC0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2B | +| 00005ED0: 2D 2D 2D 2B 20 20 57 68 65 6E 20 68 65 6C 64 20 |---+ When held | 00005EE0: 61 73 20 73 68 6F 77 6E 20 55 50 3D 37 2E 31 34 |as shown UP=7.14| 00005EF0: 4D 48 7A 2C 0D 0A 20 20 20 54 6F 20 6F 75 74 70 |MHz,.. To outp| 00005F00: 75 74 20 6F 66 20 64 69 76 69 64 65 2D 62 79 2D |ut of divide-by-| 00005F10: 32 20 63 6F 75 6E 74 65 72 20 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 7C |2 counter -+-o || 00005F20: 20 20 44 4F 57 4E 3D 31 34 2E 32 38 4D 48 7A 0D | DOWN=14.28MHz.| 00005F30: 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | 00005F40: 20 20 54 6F 20 70 69 6E 20 31 35 20 6F 66 20 36 | To pin 15 of 6| 00005F50: 38 30 30 30 20 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 7C 0D 0A 20 20 54 |8000 -+-o |.. T| 00005F60: 6F 20 77 69 72 65 20 69 6E 20 70 69 6E 20 31 35 |o wire in pin 15| 00005F70: 20 6F 66 20 36 38 30 30 30 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 | of 68000 socket| 00005F80: 20 2D 2B 2D 6F 20 7C 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | -+-o |.. | 00005F90: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00005FA0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2B 2D | +-| 00005FB0: 2D 2D 2B 0D 0A 0D 0A 54 68 65 20 37 34 53 37 34 |--+....The 74S74| 00005FC0: 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 62 65 20 6D 6F 75 6E 74 | should be mount| 00005FD0: 65 64 20 73 6F 6D 65 77 68 65 72 65 20 63 6F 6E |ed somewhere con| 00005FE0: 76 65 6E 69 65 6E 74 3B 20 49 20 62 72 65 61 6B |venient; I break| 00005FF0: 20 6F 66 66 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 68 65 20 75 6E 75 | off all the unu| 00006000: 73 65 64 0D 0A 70 69 6E 73 2C 20 62 65 6E 64 20 |sed..pins, bend | 00006010: 74 68 65 20 72 65 6D 61 69 6E 69 6E 67 20 70 69 |the remaining pi| 00006020: 6E 73 20 6F 75 74 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 73 74 69 63 |ns out, and stic| 00006030: 6B 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 69 70 20 6F 6E 20 74 6F |k the chip on to| 00006040: 70 20 6F 66 20 6F 6E 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 0D |p of one of the.| 00006050: 0A 64 61 74 61 20 70 61 74 68 20 49 43 27 73 3B |.data path IC's;| 00006060: 20 74 68 69 73 20 68 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 | this has the ad| 00006070: 76 61 6E 74 61 67 65 20 6F 66 20 61 6C 6C 6F 77 |vantage of allow| 00006080: 69 6E 67 20 6D 65 20 74 6F 20 74 61 6B 65 20 70 |ing me to take p| 00006090: 6F 77 65 72 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 6C 79 0D 0A 6F |ower directly..o| 000060A0: 66 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 69 73 74 69 6E 67 20 |ff the existing | 000060B0: 63 6F 6D 70 6F 6E 65 6E 74 73 20 72 61 74 68 65 |components rathe| 000060C0: 72 20 74 68 61 6E 20 73 74 72 69 6E 67 69 6E 67 |r than stringing| 000060D0: 20 79 65 74 20 61 6E 6F 74 68 65 72 20 70 61 69 | yet another pai| 000060E0: 72 20 6F 66 20 77 69 72 65 73 0D 0A 74 68 72 6F |r of wires..thro| 000060F0: 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 2E |ugh the machine.| 00006100: 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 |.. If you| 00006110: 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 63 68 69 70 20 | only have chip | 00006120: 61 6E 64 2F 6F 72 20 73 6C 6F 77 20 6D 65 6D 6F |and/or slow memo| 00006130: 72 79 20 28 73 65 65 20 73 75 62 73 75 62 73 65 |ry (see subsubse| 00006140: 63 74 69 6F 6E 20 69 76 2D 32 2E 29 0D 0A 74 68 |ction iv-2.)..th| 00006150: 65 6E 20 79 6F 75 72 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 |en your machine | 00006160: 77 69 6C 6C 20 72 75 6E 20 61 74 20 61 70 70 72 |will run at appr| 00006170: 6F 78 69 6D 61 74 65 6C 79 20 31 35 30 25 20 6E |oximately 150% n| 00006180: 6F 72 6D 61 6C 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 28 6F 6E 0D |ormal speed (on.| 00006190: 0A 43 50 55 2D 69 6E 74 65 6E 73 69 76 65 20 6F |.CPU-intensive o| 000061A0: 70 65 72 61 74 69 6F 6E 73 3B 20 44 4D 41 20 72 |perations; DMA r| 000061B0: 61 74 65 73 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 20 75 6E 63 |ates will be unc| 000061C0: 68 61 6E 67 65 64 29 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 20 |hanged). If you | 000061D0: 68 61 76 65 20 74 72 75 65 0D 0A 66 61 73 74 2D |have true..fast-| 000061E0: 52 41 4D 20 74 68 65 6E 20 63 6F 64 65 20 72 75 |RAM then code ru| 000061F0: 6E 6E 69 6E 67 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 66 61 73 74 2D |nning from fast-| 00006200: 52 41 4D 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 65 |RAM will execute| 00006210: 20 61 74 20 63 6C 6F 73 65 20 74 6F 20 32 30 30 | at close to 200| 00006220: 25 20 6F 66 0D 0A 6E 6F 72 6D 61 6C 20 73 70 65 |% of..normal spe| 00006230: 65 64 2E 20 54 72 79 20 70 6C 61 63 69 6E 67 20 |ed. Try placing | 00006240: 61 20 6C 61 72 67 65 20 70 65 72 70 65 63 74 69 |a large perpecti| 00006250: 76 65 20 62 72 75 73 68 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6E |ve brush with an| 00006260: 74 69 2D 61 6C 69 61 73 69 6E 67 20 48 49 47 48 |ti-aliasing HIGH| 00006270: 0D 0A 69 6E 20 44 65 6C 75 78 65 50 61 69 6E 74 |..in DeluxePaint| 00006280: 20 49 49 49 20 28 6F 72 20 49 56 20 21 29 20 61 | III (or IV !) a| 00006290: 6E 64 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 73 65 65 20 |nd you will see | 000062A0: 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 69 6E 63 72 65 61 |the speed increa| 000062B0: 73 65 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 78 2E 20 54 68 65 20 4E |se.....ix. The N| 000062C0: 75 6D 62 65 72 73 20 47 61 6D 65 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D |umbers Game..---| 000062D0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 000062E0: 2D 0D 0A 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 68 6F 77 20 50 |-..This is how P| 000062F0: 4C 43 43 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 61 72 65 20 6E 75 |LCC chips are nu| 00006300: 6D 62 65 72 65 64 20 28 75 73 69 6E 67 20 41 67 |mbered (using Ag| 00006310: 6E 75 73 20 61 73 20 61 6E 20 65 78 61 6D 70 6C |nus as an exampl| 00006320: 65 29 20 3A 0D 0A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e) :.... | 00006330: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 31 20 20 20 20 20 | 1 1 | 00006340: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 38 20 | 8 | 00006350: 38 20 38 20 38 20 38 20 37 20 37 20 37 20 37 20 |8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 | 00006360: 37 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |7.. | 00006370: 20 20 20 31 20 30 20 39 20 38 20 37 20 36 20 35 | 1 0 9 8 7 6 5| 00006380: 20 34 20 33 20 32 20 31 20 34 20 33 20 32 20 31 | 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1| 00006390: 20 30 20 39 20 38 20 37 20 36 20 35 0D 0A 20 42 | 0 9 8 7 6 5.. B| 000063A0: 45 56 45 4C 45 44 20 43 4F 52 4E 45 52 20 7C 20 |EVELED CORNER | | 000063B0: 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 || | | | | | | | | 000063C0: 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 || | | | | | | | | 000063D0: 7C 20 7C 20 7C 20 7C 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 || | | |.. | 000063E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2F 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | /--------| 000063F0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00006400: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00006410: 2D 2D 2D 7C 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 |---|.. 1| 00006420: 32 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |2 -| | 00006430: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6F 20 20 20 20 20 | o | 00006440: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006450: 7C 2D 20 37 34 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ||- 74.. | 00006460: 31 33 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |13 -| | 00006470: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006480: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006490: 20 7C 2D 20 37 33 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |- 73.. | 000064A0: 20 31 34 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 14 -| | 000064B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000064C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000064D0: 20 20 7C 2D 20 37 32 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |- 72.. | 000064E0: 20 20 31 35 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 15 -| | 000064F0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006500: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006510: 20 20 20 7C 2D 20 37 31 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |- 71.. | 00006520: 20 20 20 31 36 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 16 -| | 00006530: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006540: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006550: 20 20 20 20 7C 2D 20 37 30 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 | |- 70.. | 00006560: 20 20 20 20 31 37 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 17 -| | 00006570: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006580: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006590: 20 20 20 20 20 7C 2D 20 36 39 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 | |- 69.. | 000065A0: 20 20 20 20 20 31 38 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 18 -| | 000065B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000065C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000065D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 7C 2D 20 36 38 0D 0A 20 20 20 | |- 68.. | 000065E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 39 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 20 | 19 -| | 000065F0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006600: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00006610: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7C 2D 20 36 37 0D 0A 20 20 | |- 67.. | 00006620: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 30 20 2D 7C 20 20 20 20 | 20 -| | 00006630: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 38 | 8| 00006640: 33 37 32 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |372A | 00006650: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7C 2D 20 36 36 0D 0A 20 | |- 66.. | 00006660: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 31 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A | 00006A60: 43 68 61 6E 67 65 20 4F 66 20 46 61 63 65 0D 0A |Change Of Face..| 00006A70: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00006A80: 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 49 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 69 6E 67 20 |---..Installing | 00006A90: 74 68 65 20 45 43 53 20 44 65 6E 69 73 65 20 69 |the ECS Denise i| 00006AA0: 73 20 73 69 6D 70 6C 69 63 69 74 79 20 69 74 73 |s simplicity its| 00006AB0: 65 6C 66 2E 20 53 69 6D 70 6C 79 20 72 65 6D 6F |elf. Simply remo| 00006AC0: 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 6F 6C 64 20 44 65 6E 69 73 |ve the old Denis| 00006AD0: 65 0D 0A 61 6E 64 20 70 6C 75 67 20 74 68 65 20 |e..and plug the | 00006AE0: 6E 65 77 20 6F 6E 65 20 73 74 72 61 69 67 68 74 |new one straight| 00006AF0: 20 69 6E 2E 20 4E 6F 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | in. 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Yo H| 000070F0: 6F 20 48 6F 20 41 6E 64 20 41 20 50 61 63 6B 65 |o Ho And A Packe| 00007100: 74 20 4F 66 20 44 69 73 6B 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D |t Of Disks..----| 00007110: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00007120: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D |---------------.| 00007130: 0A 49 20 73 6F 6D 65 74 69 6D 65 73 20 64 65 73 |.I sometimes des| 00007140: 63 72 69 62 65 20 41 2D 4D 61 78 20 61 73 20 74 |cribe A-Max as t| 00007150: 68 65 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 6C 20 70 |he only useful p| 00007160: 72 6F 64 75 63 74 69 76 69 74 79 20 74 6F 6F 6C |roductivity tool| 00007170: 20 66 6F 72 20 74 68 65 20 41 6D 69 67 61 3B 0D | for the Amiga;.| 00007180: 0A 4D 61 63 20 6F 77 6E 65 72 73 20 77 69 6C 6C |.Mac owners will| 00007190: 20 61 67 72 65 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 6D 65 20 77 | agree with me w| 000071A0: 68 65 6E 20 49 20 73 61 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 4D |hen I say that M| 000071B0: 61 63 69 6E 74 6F 73 68 20 61 70 70 6C 69 63 61 |acintosh applica| 000071C0: 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 61 72 65 0D 0A 69 6E 63 6F 6D |tions are..incom| 000071D0: 70 61 72 61 62 6C 79 20 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 74 |parably better t| 000071E0: 68 61 6E 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 41 6D 69 67 61 20 |han their Amiga | 000071F0: 63 6F 75 6E 74 65 72 70 61 72 74 73 2E 20 48 6F |counterparts. 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Prob| 000073F0: 6C 65 6D 20 3F 20 4E 6F 2E 20 53 69 6D 70 6C 79 |lem ? No. Simply| 00007400: 20 69 6E 73 65 72 74 20 74 77 6F 20 62 6C 61 6E | insert two blan| 00007410: 6B 20 32 37 35 31 32 20 36 34 4B 20 78 20 38 20 |k 27512 64K x 8 | 00007420: 45 50 52 4F 4D 73 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 52 4F |EPROMs in the RO| 00007430: 4D 0D 0A 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 73 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 4E |M..sockets.....N| 00007440: 42 3A 20 54 68 65 20 61 62 6F 76 65 20 70 72 6F |B: The above pro| 00007450: 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 69 73 20 77 68 6F 6C 6C 79 |cedure is wholly| 00007460: 20 69 6C 6C 65 67 61 6C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 | illegal and the| 00007470: 20 61 75 74 68 6F 72 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 74 20 65 | author is not e| 00007480: 78 70 6C 69 63 69 74 6C 79 0D 0A 63 6F 6E 64 6F |xplicitly..condo| 00007490: 6E 69 6E 67 20 6E 6F 72 20 61 64 76 6F 63 61 74 |ning nor advocat| 000074A0: 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 61 63 74 69 73 65 |ing the practise| 000074B0: 2E 20 49 20 70 65 72 73 6F 6E 61 6C 6C 79 20 6F |. 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This is | 00007690: 6D 6F 75 6E 74 65 64 20 69 6E 20 61 6E 0D 0A 61 |mounted in an..a| 000076A0: 6E 63 69 65 6E 74 20 58 54 20 63 61 73 69 6E 67 |ncient XT casing| 000076B0: 2C 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6E 20 65 71 75 61 6C 6C |, with an equall| 000076C0: 79 20 61 6E 63 69 65 6E 74 20 31 35 30 57 20 70 |y ancient 150W p| 000076D0: 6F 77 65 72 20 73 75 70 70 6C 79 2E 20 54 68 65 |ower supply. 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I| 00007790: 66 20 79 6F 75 20 65 78 70 65 63 74 20 74 6F 20 |f you expect to | 000077A0: 62 65 20 62 75 79 69 6E 67 2F 73 65 6C 6C 69 6E |be buying/sellin| 000077B0: 67 20 6D 61 6E 79 20 73 65 63 6F 6E 64 68 61 6E |g many secondhan| 000077C0: 64 20 63 61 72 64 73 2C 20 64 72 69 76 65 73 2C |d cards, drives,| 000077D0: 20 53 49 50 50 73 0D 0A 61 6E 64 20 73 6F 20 6F | SIPPs..and so o| 000077E0: 6E 2C 20 49 20 68 65 61 72 74 69 6C 79 20 72 65 |n, I heartily re| 000077F0: 63 6F 6D 6D 65 6E 64 20 62 75 79 69 6E 67 20 73 |commend buying s| 00007800: 75 63 68 20 61 20 73 79 73 74 65 6D 2C 20 75 6E |uch a system, un| 00007810: 6C 65 73 73 20 79 6F 75 20 61 72 65 20 67 61 6D |less you are gam| 00007820: 65 0D 0A 65 6E 6F 75 67 68 20 74 6F 20 72 69 73 |e..enough to ris| 00007830: 6B 20 79 6F 75 72 20 22 72 65 61 6C 22 20 73 79 |k your "real" sy| 00007840: 73 74 65 6D 20 62 79 20 70 75 74 74 69 6E 67 20 |stem by putting | 00007850: 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 79 20 64 65 66 65 63 74 69 |possibly defecti| 00007860: 76 65 20 63 61 72 64 73 20 69 6E 20 69 74 2E 0D |ve cards in it..| 00007870: 0A 0D 0A 69 69 2E 20 54 68 65 20 48 65 61 74 20 |...ii. The Heat | 00007880: 49 73 20 4F 6E 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |Is On..---------| 00007890: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 49 6E 20 6D 61 |---------..In ma| 000078A0: 6E 79 20 63 6C 6F 6E 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 |ny clone machine| 000078B0: 73 2C 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6C 61 72 6C 79 20 |s, particularly | 000078C0: 31 36 4D 48 7A 20 6F 72 20 66 61 73 74 65 72 20 |16MHz or faster | 000078D0: 32 38 36 27 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 75 73 65 20 |286's which use | 000078E0: 74 68 65 20 41 4D 44 0D 0A 38 30 32 38 36 20 72 |the AMD..80286 r| 000078F0: 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 6E 20 74 68 65 20 49 |ather than the I| 00007900: 6E 74 65 6C 20 6F 72 69 67 69 6E 61 6C 2C 20 74 |ntel original, t| 00007910: 68 65 20 43 50 55 20 62 65 63 6F 6D 65 73 20 65 |he CPU becomes e| 00007920: 78 74 72 65 6D 65 6C 79 20 77 61 72 6D 2C 20 74 |xtremely warm, t| 00007930: 6F 6F 20 68 6F 74 0D 0A 74 6F 20 74 6F 75 63 68 |oo hot..to touch| 00007940: 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 68 61 6E 64 2E 20 | with the hand. | 00007950: 46 6F 72 20 65 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 2C 20 49 20 68 |For example, I h| 00007960: 61 76 65 20 61 20 31 36 4D 48 7A 20 41 63 65 72 |ave a 16MHz Acer| 00007970: 20 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 20 77 68 69 | motherboard whi| 00007980: 63 68 0D 0A 75 73 65 73 20 61 6E 20 41 4D 44 20 |ch..uses an AMD | 00007990: 38 30 32 38 36 2D 31 36 20 70 72 6F 63 65 73 73 |80286-16 process| 000079A0: 6F 72 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 32 35 |or, and after 25| 000079B0: 20 6D 69 6E 75 74 65 73 20 6F 66 20 6F 70 65 72 | minutes of oper| 000079C0: 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 61 74 20 74 75 72 62 6F 0D 0A |ation at turbo..| 000079D0: 73 70 65 65 64 2C 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6F 63 65 |speed, the proce| 000079E0: 73 73 6F 72 20 69 73 20 66 61 72 20 74 6F 6F 20 |ssor is far too | 000079F0: 68 6F 74 20 74 6F 20 62 65 20 74 6F 75 63 68 65 |hot to be touche| 00007A00: 64 20 66 6F 72 20 6D 6F 72 65 20 74 68 61 6E 20 |d for more than | 00007A10: 68 61 6C 66 20 61 20 73 65 63 6F 6E 64 2E 0D 0A |half a second...| 00007A20: 54 68 69 73 20 6B 69 6E 64 20 6F 66 20 68 65 61 |This kind of hea| 00007A30: 74 69 6E 67 20 69 73 20 75 6E 64 65 73 69 72 61 |ting is undesira| 00007A40: 62 6C 65 20 69 6E 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 73 |ble in that it s| 00007A50: 68 6F 72 74 65 6E 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 69 70 |hortens the chip| 00007A60: 20 6C 69 66 65 20 61 6E 64 2C 0D 0A 6D 6F 72 65 | life and,..more| 00007A70: 20 69 6D 70 6F 72 74 61 6E 74 6C 79 2C 20 6D 61 | importantly, ma| 00007A80: 79 20 6C 65 61 64 20 74 6F 20 73 75 64 64 65 6E |y lead to sudden| 00007A90: 20 63 72 61 73 68 65 73 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 | crashes if the | 00007AA0: 63 68 69 70 20 75 6E 64 65 72 67 6F 65 73 20 74 |chip undergoes t| 00007AB0: 68 65 72 6D 61 6C 0D 0A 73 68 75 74 64 6F 77 6E |hermal..shutdown| 00007AC0: 2E 20 28 54 68 65 20 73 6F 2D 63 61 6C 6C 65 64 |. 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If y| 00007B30: 6F 75 72 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 68 61 73 20 |our machine has | 00007B40: 74 68 69 73 20 75 6E 64 65 73 69 72 61 62 6C 65 |this undesirable| 00007B50: 0D 0A 70 72 6F 70 65 72 74 79 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 |..property, you | 00007B60: 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 63 6F 6E 73 69 64 65 72 20 |should consider | 00007B70: 61 74 74 61 63 68 69 6E 67 20 73 6F 6D 65 20 73 |attaching some s| 00007B80: 6F 72 74 20 6F 66 20 68 65 61 74 73 69 6E 6B 20 |ort of heatsink | 00007B90: 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 43 50 55 2E 20 41 6E 0D 0A |to the CPU. 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Su| 00007CB0: 64 64 65 6E 20 44 65 61 74 68 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D |dden Death..----| 00007CC0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 53 |-------------..S| 00007CD0: 63 65 6E 61 72 69 6F 20 3A 20 59 6F 75 20 61 72 |cenario : You ar| 00007CE0: 65 20 77 6F 72 6B 69 6E 67 20 6F 6E 20 61 6E 20 |e working on an | 00007CF0: 69 6D 70 6F 72 74 61 6E 74 20 64 6F 63 75 6D 65 |important docume| 00007D00: 6E 74 20 75 6E 64 65 72 20 61 6E 20 6F 70 65 72 |nt under an oper| 00007D10: 61 74 69 6E 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6D 0D 0A 6B 6E |ating system..kn| 00007D20: 6F 77 6E 20 74 6F 20 62 65 20 62 75 67 2D 66 72 |own to be bug-fr| 00007D30: 65 65 20 28 61 72 65 6E 27 74 20 66 61 69 72 79 |ee (aren't fairy| 00007D40: 2D 74 61 6C 65 73 20 77 6F 6E 64 65 72 66 75 6C |-tales wonderful| 00007D50: 20 3F 29 2E 20 59 6F 75 20 6C 65 61 76 65 20 74 | ?). You leave t| 00007D60: 68 65 20 6B 65 79 62 6F 61 72 64 0D 0A 74 6F 20 |he keyboard..to | 00007D70: 74 61 6B 65 20 79 6F 75 72 20 74 65 6E 2D 6D 69 |take your ten-mi| 00007D80: 6E 75 74 65 73 2D 70 65 72 2D 68 6F 75 72 20 61 |nutes-per-hour a| 00007D90: 6E 74 69 2D 52 53 49 20 63 6F 66 66 65 65 20 62 |nti-RSI coffee b| 00007DA0: 72 65 61 6B 2E 20 59 6F 75 20 72 65 74 75 72 6E |reak. 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You..can also| 00008360: 20 70 75 73 68 20 64 6F 77 6E 20 6F 6E 20 61 6C | push down on al| 00008370: 6C 20 74 68 65 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 65 64 20 63 |l the socketed c| 00008380: 68 69 70 73 20 74 6F 20 72 65 73 65 61 74 20 74 |hips to reseat t| 00008390: 68 65 6D 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4F 68 |hem... Oh| 000083A0: 20 79 65 73 2E 20 54 68 65 20 61 62 6F 76 65 20 | yes. The above | 000083B0: 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 20 63 61 6E 20 61 6C 73 6F |problem can also| 000083C0: 20 62 65 20 63 61 75 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 76 69 | be caused by vi| 000083D0: 72 75 73 65 73 2E 20 55 73 65 20 4D 63 41 66 65 |ruses. Use McAfe| 000083E0: 65 0D 0A 41 73 73 6F 63 69 61 74 65 73 27 20 53 |e..Associates' S| 000083F0: 43 41 4E 20 28 61 6E 64 20 69 66 20 6E 65 63 65 |CAN (and if nece| 00008400: 73 73 61 72 79 20 43 4C 45 41 4E 29 20 70 72 6F |ssary CLEAN) pro| 00008410: 67 72 61 6D 73 20 74 6F 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 20 |grams to detect | 00008420: 61 6E 64 20 6B 69 6C 6C 20 74 68 65 73 65 2E 0D |and kill these..| 00008430: 0A 0D 0A 69 76 2E 20 4F 76 65 72 77 6F 72 6B 65 |...iv. Overworke| 00008440: 64 20 46 50 55 27 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |d FPU's..-------| 00008450: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 44 |-------------..D| 00008460: 75 65 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 6C 61 72 67 65 20 |ue to the large | 00008470: 70 72 69 63 65 20 64 69 73 63 72 65 70 61 6E 63 |price discrepanc| 00008480: 79 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6E 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 |y between the di| 00008490: 66 66 65 72 65 6E 74 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 72 61 |fferent speed ra| 000084A0: 74 69 6E 67 73 20 6F 66 0D 0A 66 6C 6F 61 74 69 |tings of..floati| 000084B0: 6E 67 2D 70 6F 69 6E 74 20 63 6F 70 72 6F 63 65 |ng-point coproce| 000084C0: 73 73 6F 72 73 2C 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 |ssors, there is | 000084D0: 61 20 73 74 72 6F 6E 67 20 74 65 6D 70 74 61 74 |a strong temptat| 000084E0: 69 6F 6E 20 74 6F 20 62 75 79 20 28 73 61 79 29 |ion to buy (say)| 000084F0: 20 61 20 32 35 4D 48 7A 0D 0A 33 38 37 20 66 6F | a 25MHz..387 fo| 00008500: 72 20 79 6F 75 72 20 33 33 4D 48 7A 20 33 38 36 |r your 33MHz 386| 00008510: 2E 20 54 68 65 20 63 68 61 6E 63 65 73 20 61 72 |. The chances ar| 00008520: 65 20 67 6F 6F 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 75 63 68 |e good that such| 00008530: 20 61 6E 20 61 72 72 61 6E 67 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 | an arrangement | 00008540: 77 69 6C 6C 20 69 6E 0D 0A 66 61 63 74 20 77 6F |will in..fact wo| 00008550: 72 6B 2C 20 68 6F 77 65 76 65 72 20 6E 6F 74 65 |rk, however note| 00008560: 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 6F 77 65 72 20 | that the power | 00008570: 64 69 73 73 69 70 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 6F 66 20 74 |dissipation of t| 00008580: 68 65 20 46 50 55 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 0D 0A |he FPU will be..| 00008590: 69 6E 63 72 65 61 73 65 64 2E 20 49 6E 20 73 69 |increased. In si| 000085A0: 6D 70 6C 65 20 74 65 72 6D 73 2C 20 69 74 20 77 |mple terms, it w| 000085B0: 69 6C 6C 20 67 65 74 20 68 6F 74 2E 20 46 6F 72 |ill get hot. For| 000085C0: 20 74 68 69 73 20 72 65 61 73 6F 6E 2C 20 79 6F | this reason, yo| 000085D0: 75 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 0D 0A 61 6C 77 61 79 73 |u should..always| 000085E0: 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 20 66 6F 72 20 63 65 72 61 6D 69 | look for cerami| 000085F0: 63 2D 62 6F 64 69 65 64 20 63 68 69 70 73 2C 20 |c-bodied chips, | 00008600: 73 69 6E 63 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 63 61 6E 20 64 |since they can d| 00008610: 69 73 73 69 70 61 74 65 20 4D 55 43 48 20 6D 6F |issipate MUCH mo| 00008620: 72 65 20 68 65 61 74 0D 0A 74 68 61 6E 20 70 6C |re heat..than pl| 00008630: 61 73 74 69 63 2D 62 6F 64 69 65 64 20 64 65 76 |astic-bodied dev| 00008640: 69 63 65 73 2E 20 41 6E 64 20 77 68 65 6E 65 76 |ices. And whenev| 00008650: 65 72 20 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 2C 20 72 75 6E |er possible, run| 00008660: 20 69 6E 20 6E 6F 6E 2D 74 75 72 62 6F 20 6D 6F | in non-turbo mo| 00008670: 64 65 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 76 2E 20 48 6F 74 2D 52 6F |de.....v. Hot-Ro| 00008680: 64 64 69 6E 67 2C 20 41 63 72 6F 73 73 20 74 68 |dding, Across th| 00008690: 65 20 55 6E 69 76 65 72 73 65 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D |e Universe..----| 000086A0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 000086B0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D |---------------.| 000086C0: 0A 49 74 20 69 73 20 72 65 6C 61 74 69 76 65 6C |.It is relativel| 000086D0: 79 20 63 6F 6D 6D 6F 6E 20 6B 6E 6F 77 6C 65 64 |y common knowled| 000086E0: 67 65 20 6E 6F 77 61 64 61 79 73 20 74 68 61 74 |ge nowadays that| 000086F0: 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 71 75 69 74 65 20 70 6F 73 | it is quite pos| 00008700: 73 69 62 6C 65 20 74 6F 0D 0A 68 6F 74 2D 72 6F |sible to..hot-ro| 00008710: 64 20 61 20 31 36 4D 48 7A 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E |d a 16MHz machin| 00008720: 65 20 74 6F 20 32 30 4D 48 7A 20 6F 72 20 61 20 |e to 20MHz or a | 00008730: 33 33 4D 48 7A 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 74 6F |33MHz machine to| 00008740: 20 34 30 2D 35 30 4D 48 7A 2E 20 54 68 69 73 0D | 40-50MHz. This.| 00008750: 0A 6E 61 74 75 72 61 6C 6C 79 20 63 61 72 72 69 |.naturally carri| 00008760: 65 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 |es with it the s| 00008770: 61 6D 65 20 6F 76 65 72 68 65 61 74 69 6E 67 20 |ame overheating | 00008780: 70 72 6F 62 6C 65 6D 73 20 6D 65 6E 74 69 6F 6E |problems mention| 00008790: 65 64 20 69 6E 0D 0A 73 75 62 73 65 63 74 69 6F |ed in..subsectio| 000087A0: 6E 20 69 76 20 61 62 6F 76 65 2E 20 48 6F 77 65 |n iv above. Howe| 000087B0: 76 65 72 2C 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 20 61 72 65 20 |ver, if you are | 000087C0: 64 65 74 65 72 6D 69 6E 65 64 20 74 6F 20 75 6E |determined to un| 000087D0: 64 65 72 74 61 6B 65 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 0D 0A |dertake such a..| 000087E0: 6D 6F 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 74 68 |modification, th| 000087F0: 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 61 20 63 6F 75 70 6C 65 |ere are a couple| 00008800: 20 6F 66 20 70 69 65 63 65 73 20 6F 66 20 69 6E | of pieces of in| 00008810: 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 79 6F 75 20 6D 61 |formation you ma| 00008820: 79 20 66 69 6E 64 20 75 73 65 66 75 6C 3A 0D 0A |y find useful:..| 00008830: 2D 20 46 6F 72 20 38 30 32 38 36 20 61 6E 64 20 |- For 80286 and | 00008840: 38 30 33 38 36 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 73 2C 20 |80386 machines, | 00008850: 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 6E 65 65 64 20 61 20 |you will need a | 00008860: 63 72 79 73 74 61 6C 20 6F 72 20 6F 73 63 69 6C |crystal or oscil| 00008870: 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 63 61 6E 0D 0A 28 6D 61 6B 65 |lator can..(make| 00008880: 20 73 75 72 65 20 79 6F 75 20 6B 6E 6F 77 20 77 | sure you know w| 00008890: 68 69 63 68 20 79 6F 75 20 6E 65 65 64 29 20 77 |hich you need) w| 000088A0: 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 54 57 49 43 45 20 74 68 |hich is TWICE th| 000088B0: 65 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6E 63 79 20 79 6F 75 20 |e frequency you | 000088C0: 77 61 6E 74 20 79 6F 75 72 0D 0A 6D 61 63 68 69 |want your..machi| 000088D0: 6E 65 20 74 6F 20 72 75 6E 20 61 74 2E 0D 0A 2D |ne to run at...-| 000088E0: 20 54 68 65 20 63 72 79 73 74 61 6C 20 74 6F 20 | The crystal to | 000088F0: 72 65 70 6C 61 63 65 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 6F |replace is the o| 00008900: 6E 65 20 72 61 74 65 64 20 61 74 20 54 57 49 43 |ne rated at TWIC| 00008910: 45 20 74 68 65 20 6C 69 73 74 65 64 20 73 70 65 |E the listed spe| 00008920: 65 64 20 6F 66 20 79 6F 75 72 0D 0A 6D 6F 74 68 |ed of your..moth| 00008930: 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 20 28 69 65 20 6F 6E 20 61 |erboard (ie on a| 00008940: 20 31 36 4D 48 7A 20 62 6F 61 72 64 2C 20 74 68 | 16MHz board, th| 00008950: 65 72 65 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 20 61 20 33 32 |ere will be a 32| 00008960: 4D 48 7A 20 63 72 79 73 74 61 6C 29 2E 20 44 6F |MHz crystal). Do| 00008970: 20 6E 6F 74 20 62 65 0D 0A 6C 65 64 20 61 73 74 | not be..led ast| 00008980: 72 61 79 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 49 2F 4F 20 63 |ray by the I/O c| 00008990: 6C 6F 63 6B 20 63 72 79 73 74 61 6C 28 73 29 20 |lock crystal(s) | 000089A0: 21 0D 0A 2D 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 67 6F 6F 64 20 |!..- It is good | 000089B0: 70 72 61 63 74 69 63 65 20 74 6F 20 70 6C 61 63 |practice to plac| 000089C0: 65 20 61 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 |e a socket on th| 000089D0: 65 20 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 20 77 68 |e motherboard wh| 000089E0: 65 72 65 20 79 6F 75 20 72 65 6D 6F 76 65 64 0D |ere you removed.| 000089F0: 0A 74 68 65 20 6F 6C 64 20 63 72 79 73 74 61 6C |.the old crystal| 00008A00: 2C 20 73 6F 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 |, so that if you| 00008A10: 20 65 76 65 72 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6F 20 73 65 | ever have to se| 00008A20: 6C 6C 20 79 6F 75 72 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 |ll your machine | 00008A30: 79 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 20 70 6F 70 20 69 6E 0D 0A |you can pop in..| 00008A40: 74 68 65 20 6F 72 69 67 69 6E 61 6C 20 73 70 65 |the original spe| 00008A50: 65 64 20 6F 66 20 63 72 79 73 74 61 6C 20 61 6E |ed of crystal an| 00008A60: 64 20 63 6F 76 65 72 20 75 70 20 79 6F 75 72 20 |d cover up your | 00008A70: 74 72 61 63 6B 73 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |tracks... | 00008A80: 20 4E 6F 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 68 61 76 | Note that I hav| 00008A90: 65 20 6E 65 76 65 72 20 70 65 72 66 6F 72 6D 65 |e never performe| 00008AA0: 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 79 70 65 20 6F 66 20 65 |d this type of e| 00008AB0: 6E 68 61 6E 63 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 74 6F 20 38 30 |nhancement to 80| 00008AC0: 33 38 36 0D 0A 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 73 3B 20 68 |386..machines; h| 00008AD0: 6F 77 65 76 65 72 2C 20 74 68 69 73 20 64 6F 63 |owever, this doc| 00008AE0: 75 6D 65 6E 74 20 69 73 20 62 65 69 6E 67 20 74 |ument is being t| 00008AF0: 79 70 65 64 20 6F 6E 20 61 6E 20 38 30 32 38 36 |yped on an 80286| 00008B00: 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 49 20 68 6F 74 2D 72 6F 64 | which I hot-rod| 00008B10: 64 65 64 0D 0A 66 72 6F 6D 20 31 32 4D 48 7A 20 |ded..from 12MHz | 00008B20: 74 6F 20 31 36 4D 48 7A 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 76 69 2E |to 16MHz.....vi.| 00008B30: 20 48 61 63 6B 65 64 20 52 65 73 65 74 20 53 77 | Hacked Reset Sw| 00008B40: 69 74 63 68 65 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |itches..--------| 00008B50: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00008B60: 2D 0D 0A 4D 6F 73 74 20 32 38 36 2F 33 38 36 2F |-..Most 286/386/| 00008B70: 34 38 36 20 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 73 |486 motherboards| 00008B80: 20 28 61 6C 6C 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 65 76 65 | (all I have eve| 00008B90: 72 20 73 65 65 6E 29 20 63 6F 6D 65 20 77 69 74 |r seen) come wit| 00008BA0: 68 20 61 20 72 65 73 65 74 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 |h a reset switch| 00008BB0: 0D 0A 63 6F 6E 6E 65 63 74 69 6F 6E 20 62 75 69 |..connection bui| 00008BC0: 6C 74 2D 69 6E 3B 20 6D 61 6E 79 20 58 54 20 6D |lt-in; many XT m| 00008BD0: 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 73 20 64 6F 20 6E |otherboards do n| 00008BE0: 6F 74 2E 20 43 6F 6E 73 65 71 75 65 6E 74 6C 79 |ot. 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Does this mean| 00008D30: 0D 0A 74 68 61 74 20 77 68 65 6E 20 79 6F 75 20 |..that when you | 00008D40: 74 75 72 6E 20 6F 6E 20 79 6F 75 72 20 6D 61 63 |turn on your mac| 00008D50: 68 69 6E 65 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 68 |hine, you only h| 00008D60: 61 76 65 20 61 20 35 30 2F 35 30 20 63 68 61 6E |ave a 50/50 chan| 00008D70: 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 5F 52 45 |ce that the.._RE| 00008D80: 53 45 54 20 6C 69 6E 65 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 |SET line will be| 00008D90: 20 68 69 67 68 20 65 6E 6F 75 67 68 20 74 6F 20 | high enough to | 00008DA0: 6C 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 43 50 55 20 73 74 61 72 |let the CPU star| 00008DB0: 74 20 3F 20 4F 66 20 63 6F 75 72 73 65 20 6E 6F |t ? Of course no| 00008DC0: 74 2E 20 54 68 65 0D 0A 64 65 73 69 67 6E 65 72 |t. 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The fi| 00008F80: 72 73 74 20 74 68 69 6E 67 20 74 6F 20 64 6F 20 |rst thing to do | 00008F90: 69 6E 20 73 75 63 68 20 63 61 73 65 73 20 69 73 |in such cases is| 00008FA0: 20 74 6F 20 72 65 6D 6F 76 65 20 65 76 65 72 79 | to remove every| 00008FB0: 20 63 61 72 64 20 65 78 63 65 70 74 20 74 68 65 | card except the| 00008FC0: 0D 0A 64 69 73 70 6C 61 79 20 61 64 61 70 74 6F |..display adapto| 00008FD0: 72 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 66 6C 6F 70 70 79 |r and the floppy| 00008FE0: 20 63 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 6C 65 72 20 28 69 66 20 | controller (if | 00008FF0: 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 69 6E 74 65 67 72 61 74 |this is integrat| 00009000: 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 68 61 72 64 |ed with the hard| 00009010: 0D 0A 64 69 73 6B 20 63 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 6C 65 |..disk controlle| 00009020: 72 20 74 68 65 6E 20 62 6F 74 68 20 77 69 6C 6C |r then both will| 00009030: 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6F 20 73 74 61 79 29 2E 20 | have to stay). | 00009040: 59 6F 75 20 73 68 6F 75 6C 64 20 6E 6F 77 20 73 |You should now s| 00009050: 69 6D 70 6C 79 20 6B 65 65 70 0D 0A 61 64 64 69 |imply keep..addi| 00009060: 6E 67 20 63 61 72 64 73 20 75 6E 74 69 6C 20 74 |ng cards until t| 00009070: 68 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 6E 6F 20 6C 6F |he machine no lo| 00009080: 6E 67 65 72 20 73 74 61 72 74 73 20 75 70 20 28 |nger starts up (| 00009090: 61 73 73 75 6D 69 6E 67 20 69 74 20 73 74 61 72 |assuming it star| 000090A0: 74 73 20 75 70 20 69 6E 0D 0A 69 74 73 20 6D 69 |ts up in..its mi| 000090B0: 6E 69 6D 61 6C 20 63 6F 6E 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 |nimal configurat| 000090C0: 69 6F 6E 29 2E 20 57 68 69 6C 73 74 20 74 68 69 |ion). Whilst thi| 000090D0: 73 20 6D 61 79 20 73 6F 75 6E 64 20 6F 62 76 69 |s may sound obvi| 000090E0: 6F 75 73 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 77 6F 75 6C 64 20 62 |ous, you would b| 000090F0: 65 20 61 6D 61 7A 65 64 0D 0A 62 79 20 74 68 65 |e amazed..by the| 00009100: 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 6F 66 20 70 65 6F 70 6C | number of peopl| 00009110: 65 20 77 68 6F 20 6C 65 61 76 65 20 61 6C 6C 20 |e who leave all | 00009120: 74 68 65 69 72 20 63 61 72 64 73 20 69 6E 20 61 |their cards in a| 00009130: 6E 64 20 6A 75 73 74 20 70 6F 6B 65 20 61 62 6F |nd just poke abo| 00009140: 75 74 20 77 69 74 68 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 6A 75 6D |ut with..the jum| 00009150: 70 65 72 20 73 65 74 74 69 6E 67 73 2E 0D 0A 0D |per settings....| 00009160: 0A 76 69 69 69 2E 20 4D 69 78 20 41 6E 64 20 4D |.viii. Mix And M| 00009170: 61 74 63 68 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |atch..----------| 00009180: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 49 74 20 69 73 |---------..It is| 00009190: 20 6F 66 74 65 6E 20 76 65 72 79 20 63 6F 6E 76 | often very conv| 000091A0: 65 6E 69 65 6E 74 20 74 6F 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 |enient to have t| 000091B0: 77 6F 20 6D 6F 6E 69 74 6F 72 73 20 63 6F 6E 6E |wo monitors conn| 000091C0: 65 63 74 65 64 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 6F 6E 65 |ected to the one| 000091D0: 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 2E 0D 0A 28 49 20 68 61 | machine...(I ha| 000091E0: 76 65 20 62 6F 74 68 20 56 47 41 20 61 6E 64 20 |ve both VGA and | 000091F0: 48 65 72 63 75 6C 65 73 20 63 61 72 64 73 20 69 |Hercules cards i| 00009200: 6E 20 6D 79 20 22 75 73 65 66 75 6C 22 20 6D 61 |n my "useful" ma| 00009210: 63 68 69 6E 65 73 29 2E 20 48 6F 77 65 76 65 72 |chines). However| 00009220: 2C 20 6E 6F 74 20 61 6C 6C 0D 0A 64 69 73 70 6C |, not all..displ| 00009230: 61 79 20 61 64 61 70 74 65 72 73 20 63 61 6E 20 |ay adapters can | 00009240: 62 65 20 6D 69 78 65 64 20 74 6F 67 65 74 68 65 |be mixed togethe| 00009250: 72 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 6F 6E 65 20 6D 61 63 |r in the one mac| 00009260: 68 69 6E 65 20 28 64 75 65 20 74 6F 20 6D 65 6D |hine (due to mem| 00009270: 6F 72 79 0D 0A 63 6F 6E 66 6C 69 63 74 73 29 2E |ory..conflicts).| 00009280: 20 42 65 6C 6F 77 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 61 62 6C | Below is a tabl| 00009290: 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 6C 6C 6F 77 61 62 |e of the allowab| 000092A0: 6C 65 20 63 6F 6E 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6F 6E |le configuration| 000092B0: 73 3B 20 61 20 73 74 61 72 20 69 6E 64 69 63 61 |s; a star indica| 000092C0: 74 65 73 0D 0A 22 61 6C 6C 6F 77 61 62 6C 65 22 |tes.."allowable"| 000092D0: 20 61 6E 64 20 61 20 70 65 72 69 6F 64 20 28 66 | and a period (f| 000092E0: 75 6C 6C 20 73 74 6F 70 29 20 69 6E 64 69 63 61 |ull stop) indica| 000092F0: 74 65 73 20 61 6E 20 69 6C 6C 65 67 61 6C 20 63 |tes an illegal c| 00009300: 6F 6D 62 69 6E 61 74 69 6F 6E 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 20 |ombination..... | 00009310: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00009320: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 4D 44 41 20 | with MDA | 00009330: 20 43 47 41 20 20 45 47 41 20 4D 43 47 41 20 20 | CGA EGA MCGA | 00009340: 56 47 41 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |VGA.. | 00009350: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 44 | MD| 00009360: 41 20 20 2E 20 20 20 20 2A 20 20 20 20 2A 20 20 |A . * * | 00009370: 20 20 2A 20 20 20 20 2A 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 | * *.. | 00009380: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00009390: 20 20 20 43 47 41 20 20 2A 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 | CGA * . | 000093A0: 20 20 2A 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 20 20 2E 0D 0A 20 | * . ... | 000093B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000093C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 47 41 20 20 2A 20 20 | EGA * | 000093D0: 20 20 2A 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 20 | * . . | 000093E0: 20 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ... | 000093F0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 43 47 41 | MCGA| 00009400: 20 20 2A 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 20 | * . . | 00009410: 20 2E 20 20 20 20 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | . ... | 00009420: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00009430: 20 20 56 47 41 20 20 2A 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 20 | VGA * . | 00009440: 20 2E 20 20 20 20 2E 20 20 20 20 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A | . . .....| 00009450: 46 6F 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 75 72 70 6F 73 65 73 |For the purposes| 00009460: 20 6F 66 20 64 69 73 70 6C 61 79 20 6D 69 78 69 | of display mixi| 00009470: 6E 67 2C 20 61 6E 20 4D 44 41 20 28 6D 6F 6E 6F |ng, an MDA (mono| 00009480: 20 38 30 78 32 35 20 74 65 78 74 20 6F 6E 6C 79 | 80x25 text only| 00009490: 29 20 69 73 20 69 64 65 6E 74 69 63 61 6C 0D 0A |) is identical..| 000094A0: 74 6F 20 61 20 48 65 72 63 75 6C 65 73 20 47 72 |to a Hercules Gr| 000094B0: 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 43 61 72 64 20 28 37 32 30 |aphics Card (720| 000094C0: 78 33 34 38 20 6D 6F 6E 6F 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 |x348 mono graphi| 000094D0: 63 73 29 2E 20 4E 6F 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 |cs). Note that i| 000094E0: 66 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 0D 0A 56 47 |f you have a..VG| 000094F0: 41 20 63 61 72 64 20 61 73 20 6F 6E 65 20 6F 66 |A card as one of| 00009500: 20 79 6F 75 72 20 64 69 73 70 6C 61 79 73 20 28 | your displays (| 00009510: 74 68 65 20 6D 6F 73 74 20 63 6F 6D 6D 6F 6E 20 |the most common | 00009520: 63 6F 6E 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 69 73 |configuration is| 00009530: 20 56 47 41 20 2B 20 4D 44 41 0D 0A 6F 72 20 48 | VGA + MDA..or H| 00009540: 65 72 63 75 6C 65 73 29 2C 20 79 6F 75 72 20 56 |ercules), your V| 00009550: 47 41 20 63 61 72 64 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 6E 6F 20 |GA card will no | 00009560: 6C 6F 6E 67 65 72 20 62 65 20 61 62 6C 65 20 74 |longer be able t| 00009570: 6F 20 65 6D 75 6C 61 74 65 20 48 65 72 63 75 6C |o emulate Hercul| 00009580: 65 73 20 6D 6F 64 65 73 2E 0D 0A 28 49 66 20 79 |es modes...(If y| 00009590: 6F 75 20 6C 6F 61 64 20 75 70 20 74 68 65 20 65 |ou load up the e| 000095A0: 78 74 65 6E 64 65 64 2D 6D 6F 64 65 2D 68 61 6E |xtended-mode-han| 000095B0: 64 6C 65 72 20 70 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 20 73 75 70 |dler program sup| 000095C0: 70 6C 69 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 6D 6F 73 74 20 |plied with most | 000095D0: 53 56 47 41 0D 0A 63 61 72 64 73 2C 20 79 6F 75 |SVGA..cards, you| 000095E0: 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 20 74 6F 6C 64 20 74 68 | will be told th| 000095F0: 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 72 64 20 63 61 6E 6E |at the card cann| 00009600: 6F 74 20 62 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 65 64 20 69 |ot be switched i| 00009610: 6E 74 6F 20 6D 6F 6E 6F 20 6D 6F 64 65 29 2E 20 |nto mono mode). | 00009620: 4E 6F 74 65 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 70 6F 73 73 69 62 |Note..the possib| 00009630: 6C 65 20 70 69 74 66 61 6C 6C 20 77 69 74 68 20 |le pitfall with | 00009640: 48 65 72 63 75 6C 65 73 20 63 61 72 64 73 3B 20 |Hercules cards; | 00009650: 6D 6F 73 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 6D 20 63 6F 6E |most of them con| 00009660: 74 61 69 6E 20 61 20 70 61 72 61 6C 6C 65 6C 0D |tain a parallel.| 00009670: 0A 70 6F 72 74 2C 20 75 73 75 61 6C 6C 79 20 73 |.port, usually s| 00009680: 77 69 74 63 68 61 62 6C 65 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 61 |witchable from a| 00009690: 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 33 42 43 20 74 6F 20 61 64 |ddress 3BC to ad| 000096A0: 64 72 65 73 73 20 33 37 38 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F |dress 378. If yo| 000096B0: 75 20 61 6C 72 65 61 64 79 20 68 61 76 65 0D 0A |u already have..| 000096C0: 61 20 70 61 72 61 6C 6C 65 6C 20 70 6F 72 74 20 |a parallel port | 000096D0: 6D 61 70 70 65 64 20 61 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 |mapped at this a| 000096E0: 64 64 72 65 73 73 2C 20 73 74 72 61 6E 67 65 20 |ddress, strange | 000096F0: 65 72 72 6F 72 73 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 63 72 6F 70 |errors will crop| 00009700: 20 75 70 2E 20 28 41 6C 73 6F 0D 0A 6E 6F 74 65 | up. (Also..note| 00009710: 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 | that if you hav| 00009720: 65 20 70 61 72 61 6C 6C 65 6C 20 70 6F 72 74 73 |e parallel ports| 00009730: 20 61 74 20 33 37 38 20 61 6E 64 2F 6F 72 20 32 | at 378 and/or 2| 00009740: 37 38 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 48 65 72 63 |78, and the Herc| 00009750: 20 70 61 72 61 6C 6C 65 6C 0D 0A 70 6F 72 74 20 | parallel..port | 00009760: 69 73 20 61 74 20 33 42 43 2C 20 74 68 65 20 48 |is at 3BC, the H| 00009770: 65 72 63 20 63 61 72 64 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 |erc card will be| 00009780: 63 6F 6D 65 20 4C 50 54 31 3A 20 2D 20 74 68 69 |come LPT1: - thi| 00009790: 73 20 6D 61 79 20 6E 65 63 65 73 73 69 74 61 74 |s may necessitat| 000097A0: 65 20 73 6F 6D 65 0D 0A 73 77 69 74 63 68 69 6E |e some..switchin| 000097B0: 67 20 6F 66 20 63 61 62 6C 65 73 29 2E 20 49 66 |g of cables). If| 000097C0: 20 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 2C 20 64 69 73 61 62 | possible, disab| 000097D0: 6C 65 20 74 68 65 20 6F 6E 62 6F 61 72 64 20 70 |le the onboard p| 000097E0: 61 72 61 6C 6C 65 6C 20 70 6F 72 74 2C 20 6F 72 |arallel port, or| 000097F0: 20 6D 61 70 0D 0A 69 74 20 74 6F 20 61 6E 20 75 | map..it to an u| 00009800: 6E 75 73 65 64 20 70 6F 72 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 |nused port addre| 00009810: 73 73 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4F 6E 65 |ss... One| 00009820: 20 66 69 6E 61 6C 20 6E 6F 74 65 20 6F 6E 20 74 | final note on t| 00009830: 68 65 20 73 75 62 6A 65 63 74 20 6F 66 20 76 69 |he subject of vi| 00009840: 64 65 6F 20 63 6F 6E 66 6C 69 63 74 73 3B 20 61 |deo conflicts; a| 00009850: 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 6F 66 20 63 6C 6F 6E 65 | number of clone| 00009860: 0D 0A 63 6F 6D 70 61 6E 69 65 73 20 68 61 76 65 |..companies have| 00009870: 20 72 65 6C 65 61 73 65 64 20 73 6F 2D 63 61 6C | released so-cal| 00009880: 6C 65 64 20 22 63 6F 6C 6F 72 20 48 65 72 63 75 |led "color Hercu| 00009890: 6C 65 73 22 20 63 61 72 64 73 2C 20 77 68 69 63 |les" cards, whic| 000098A0: 68 20 73 75 70 70 6F 72 74 20 62 6F 74 68 0D 0A |h support both..| 000098B0: 74 68 65 20 48 65 72 63 75 6C 65 73 20 61 6E 64 |the Hercules and| 000098C0: 20 43 47 41 20 73 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 73 2E 20 | CGA standards. | 000098D0: 54 68 65 73 65 20 63 61 72 64 73 20 77 69 6C 6C |These cards will| 000098E0: 20 6E 6F 74 20 63 6F 2D 72 65 73 69 64 65 20 77 | not co-reside w| 000098F0: 69 74 68 20 61 6E 79 20 6F 74 68 65 72 0D 0A 76 |ith any other..v| 00009900: 69 64 65 6F 20 63 61 72 64 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 78 |ideo card.....ix| 00009910: 2E 20 45 78 70 61 6E 64 69 6E 67 20 53 56 47 41 |. Expanding SVGA| 00009920: 20 43 61 72 64 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | Cards..--------| 00009930: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00009940: 0D 0A 4D 61 6E 79 20 70 65 6F 70 6C 65 20 61 73 |..Many people as| 00009950: 6B 2C 20 22 43 61 6E 20 49 20 65 78 70 61 6E 64 |k, "Can I expand| 00009960: 20 6D 79 20 53 56 47 41 20 63 61 72 64 20 3F 22 | my SVGA card ?"| 00009970: 2E 20 49 6E 20 6D 6F 73 74 20 63 61 73 65 73 2C |. In most cases,| 00009980: 20 74 68 65 20 61 6E 73 77 65 72 20 69 73 0D 0A | the answer is..| 00009990: 6E 6F 2E 20 48 6F 77 65 76 65 72 2C 20 6F 63 63 |no. However, occ| 000099A0: 61 73 69 6F 6E 61 6C 6C 79 20 6F 6E 65 20 72 75 |asionally one ru| 000099B0: 6E 73 20 61 63 72 6F 73 73 20 63 61 72 64 73 20 |ns across cards | 000099C0: 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 |which have socke| 000099D0: 74 73 20 66 6F 72 20 65 78 74 72 61 0D 0A 52 41 |ts for extra..RA| 000099E0: 4D 2E 20 54 68 65 20 74 77 6F 20 65 78 61 6D 70 |M. The two examp| 000099F0: 6C 65 73 20 6F 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 77 68 69 63 |les of this whic| 00009A00: 68 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 65 65 6E 20 61 72 |h I have seen ar| 00009A10: 65 20 54 73 65 6E 67 20 4C 61 62 6F 72 61 74 6F |e Tseng Laborato| 00009A20: 72 69 65 73 20 53 56 47 41 0D 0A 63 61 72 64 73 |ries SVGA..cards| 00009A30: 20 28 6D 69 6E 65 20 63 61 6D 65 20 77 69 74 68 | (mine came with| 00009A40: 20 35 31 32 4B 20 61 6E 64 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 | 512K and space | 00009A50: 66 6F 72 20 61 6E 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 35 31 32 |for an extra 512| 00009A60: 4B 29 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 54 72 69 64 65 6E 74 20 |K), and Trident | 00009A70: 63 61 72 64 73 0D 0A 28 61 67 61 69 6E 2C 20 6D |cards..(again, m| 00009A80: 69 6E 65 20 63 61 6D 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 35 31 |ine came with 51| 00009A90: 32 4B 2C 20 62 75 74 20 68 61 64 20 73 6F 63 6B |2K, but had sock| 00009AA0: 65 74 73 20 66 6F 72 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 74 72 |ets for the extr| 00009AB0: 61 20 52 41 4D 29 2E 20 49 6E 20 73 75 63 68 0D |a RAM). In such.| 00009AC0: 0A 63 61 73 65 73 2C 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 69 |.cases, installi| 00009AD0: 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 6D 65 6D |ng the extra mem| 00009AE0: 6F 72 79 20 69 73 20 73 69 6D 70 6C 79 20 61 20 |ory is simply a | 00009AF0: 6D 61 74 74 65 72 20 6F 66 20 70 75 72 63 68 61 |matter of purcha| 00009B00: 73 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 72 65 71 75 69 73 |sing the..requis| 00009B10: 69 74 65 20 52 41 4D 20 63 68 69 70 73 20 28 75 |ite RAM chips (u| 00009B20: 73 75 61 6C 6C 79 20 34 34 32 35 36 3B 20 68 6F |sually 44256; ho| 00009B30: 77 65 76 65 72 2C 20 73 6F 6D 65 20 6F 6C 64 65 |wever, some olde| 00009B40: 72 20 63 61 72 64 73 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 75 73 65 |r cards will use| 00009B50: 20 34 34 36 34 0D 0A 6F 72 20 34 31 32 35 36 20 | 4464..or 41256 | 00009B60: 63 68 69 70 73 29 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 69 6E 73 74 |chips), and inst| 00009B70: 61 6C 6C 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 6D 20 69 6E 20 74 |alling them in t| 00009B80: 68 65 20 65 6D 70 74 79 20 73 6F 63 6B 65 74 73 |he empty sockets| 00009B90: 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 72 64 2E 20 42 65 | on the card. Be| 00009BA0: 66 6F 72 65 0D 0A 79 6F 75 20 73 70 65 6E 64 20 |fore..you spend | 00009BB0: 74 68 65 20 6D 6F 6E 65 79 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 69 |the money on thi| 00009BC0: 73 2C 20 68 6F 77 65 76 65 72 2C 20 63 6F 6E 73 |s, however, cons| 00009BD0: 69 64 65 72 20 2D 20 64 6F 20 79 6F 75 20 72 65 |ider - do you re| 00009BE0: 61 6C 6C 79 20 6E 65 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 |ally need the ex| 00009BF0: 74 72 61 0D 0A 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 3F 20 49 6E |tra..memory ? In| 00009C00: 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 73 74 20 6D 61 6A 6F 72 69 | the vast majori| 00009C10: 74 79 20 6F 66 20 53 56 47 41 20 63 61 72 64 73 |ty of SVGA cards| 00009C20: 2C 20 61 64 64 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 74 |, adding the ext| 00009C30: 72 61 20 52 41 4D 20 6F 6E 6C 79 20 61 6C 6C 6F |ra RAM only allo| 00009C40: 77 73 0D 0A 79 6F 75 20 74 6F 20 75 73 65 20 4F |ws..you to use O| 00009C50: 4E 45 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 6D 6F 64 65 2C 20 76 |NE extra mode, v| 00009C60: 69 7A 2E 20 31 30 32 34 78 37 36 38 78 32 35 36 |iz. 1024x768x256| 00009C70: 2E 20 54 68 69 73 20 6D 6F 64 65 20 69 73 20 6E |. This mode is n| 00009C80: 6F 74 20 72 65 61 6C 6C 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 6C |ot really useful| 00009C90: 0D 0A 75 6E 6C 65 73 73 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 75 |..unless it is u| 00009CA0: 6E 2D 69 6E 74 65 72 6C 61 63 65 64 20 28 73 74 |n-interlaced (st| 00009CB0: 61 72 65 20 61 74 20 61 6E 20 69 6E 74 65 72 6C |are at an interl| 00009CC0: 61 63 65 64 20 73 63 72 65 65 6E 20 66 6F 72 20 |aced screen for | 00009CD0: 61 20 66 65 77 20 68 6F 75 72 73 20 61 6E 64 0D |a few hours and.| 00009CE0: 0A 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 75 6E 64 65 72 73 |.you will unders| 00009CF0: 74 61 6E 64 20 77 68 79 20 21 29 2E 20 41 6C 73 |tand why !). Als| 00009D00: 6F 2C 20 6F 6E 20 6D 6F 6E 69 74 6F 72 73 20 63 |o, on monitors c| 00009D10: 6F 61 72 73 65 72 20 74 68 61 6E 20 30 2E 32 38 |oarser than 0.28| 00009D20: 22 20 64 6F 74 20 70 69 74 63 68 2C 0D 0A 74 68 |" dot pitch,..th| 00009D30: 69 73 20 6D 6F 64 65 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 73 20 45 58 |is mode looks EX| 00009D40: 54 52 45 4D 45 4C 59 20 66 75 7A 7A 79 2C 20 61 |TREMELY fuzzy, a| 00009D50: 6E 64 20 6F 6E 20 73 6F 6D 65 20 6D 6F 6E 69 74 |nd on some monit| 00009D60: 6F 72 73 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 74 20 65 76 |ors it is not ev| 00009D70: 65 6E 0D 0A 64 69 73 70 6C 61 79 65 64 20 70 72 |en..displayed pr| 00009D80: 6F 70 65 72 6C 79 20 28 74 68 65 20 65 64 67 65 |operly (the edge| 00009D90: 73 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6E 20 |s of the screen | 00009DA0: 61 72 65 20 63 6F 6D 70 72 65 73 73 65 64 29 2E |are compressed).| 00009DB0: 20 41 6C 74 68 6F 75 67 68 20 6D 79 0D 0A 63 61 | Although my..ca| 00009DC0: 72 64 73 20 73 75 70 70 6F 72 74 20 74 68 69 73 |rds support this| 00009DD0: 20 6D 6F 64 65 2C 20 49 20 61 6C 77 61 79 73 20 | mode, I always | 00009DE0: 75 73 65 20 36 34 30 78 34 38 30 78 32 35 36 20 |use 640x480x256 | 00009DF0: 61 73 20 6D 79 20 6D 61 78 69 6D 75 6D 20 73 63 |as my maximum sc| 00009E00: 72 65 65 6E 0D 0A 72 65 73 6F 6C 75 74 69 6F 6E |reen..resolution| 00009E10: 20 28 65 78 63 65 70 74 20 77 68 65 6E 20 76 69 | (except when vi| 00009E20: 65 77 69 6E 67 20 76 65 72 79 20 6C 61 72 67 65 |ewing very large| 00009E30: 20 47 49 46 73 2C 20 65 67 20 74 68 65 20 31 31 | GIFs, eg the 11| 00009E40: 35 32 78 39 30 30 20 70 69 63 74 75 72 65 73 0D |52x900 pictures.| 00009E50: 0A 64 65 73 69 67 6E 65 64 20 66 6F 72 20 61 6E |.designed for an| 00009E60: 64 2F 6F 72 20 64 69 67 69 74 69 7A 65 64 20 6F |d/or digitized o| 00009E70: 6E 20 53 75 6E 73 29 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 |n Suns)... | 00009E80: 20 20 41 20 66 69 6E 61 6C 20 6E 6F 74 65 20 3A | A final note :| 00009E90: 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 79 65 74 20 74 6F 20 73 | I have yet to s| 00009EA0: 65 65 20 61 20 63 61 72 64 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |ee a card which | 00009EB0: 77 61 73 20 73 75 70 70 6C 69 65 64 20 77 69 74 |was supplied wit| 00009EC0: 68 20 32 35 36 4B 0D 0A 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 |h 256K..which is| 00009ED0: 20 65 78 70 61 6E 64 61 62 6C 65 2E 20 4D 6F 73 | expandable. Mos| 00009EE0: 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 61 72 64 73 |t of these cards| 00009EF0: 20 77 65 72 65 20 76 65 72 79 20 65 61 72 6C 79 | were very early| 00009F00: 20 6D 6F 64 65 6C 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 75 73 | models which us| 00009F10: 65 64 0D 0A 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 28 74 72 75 65 20 |ed..older (true | 00009F20: 56 47 41 29 20 63 68 69 70 73 65 74 73 20 69 6E |VGA) chipsets in| 00009F30: 63 6F 6D 70 61 74 69 62 6C 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |compatible with | 00009F40: 74 68 65 20 6E 65 77 65 72 20 64 65 20 66 61 63 |the newer de fac| 00009F50: 74 6F 20 76 69 64 65 6F 0D 0A 73 74 61 6E 64 61 |to video..standa| 00009F60: 72 64 73 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 78 2E 20 54 6F 20 42 49 |rds.....x. To BI| 00009F70: 4F 53 20 6F 72 20 6E 6F 74 20 74 6F 20 42 49 4F |OS or not to BIO| 00009F80: 53 20 3F 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |S ?..-----------| 00009F90: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 00009FA0: 0D 0A 54 48 65 20 71 75 65 73 74 69 6F 6E 20 69 |..THe question i| 00009FB0: 73 20 6F 66 74 65 6E 20 61 73 6B 65 64 2C 20 22 |s often asked, "| 00009FC0: 57 68 69 63 68 20 42 49 4F 53 20 69 73 20 62 65 |Which BIOS is be| 00009FD0: 73 74 20 3F 22 2E 20 4F 6E 65 20 77 6F 75 6C 64 |st ?". One would| 00009FE0: 20 69 6D 61 67 69 6E 65 20 74 68 61 74 0D 0A 74 | imagine that..t| 00009FF0: 68 65 20 62 65 73 74 20 42 49 4F 53 20 73 68 6F |he best BIOS sho| 0000A000: 75 6C 64 20 62 65 20 61 6E 20 6F 72 69 67 69 6E |uld be an origin| 0000A010: 61 6C 20 49 42 4D 20 63 68 69 70 3B 20 68 6F 77 |al IBM chip; how| 0000A020: 65 76 65 72 2C 20 73 69 6E 63 65 20 6D 6F 73 74 |ever, since most| 0000A030: 20 73 6F 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 69 73 0D 0A 64 65 | software is..de| 0000A040: 76 65 6C 6F 70 65 64 20 6F 6E 20 63 6C 6F 6E 65 |veloped on clone| 0000A050: 73 20 28 49 20 77 6F 6E 64 65 72 20 68 6F 77 20 |s (I wonder how | 0000A060: 6D 61 6E 79 20 70 65 6F 70 6C 65 20 68 61 76 65 |many people have| 0000A070: 20 73 65 65 6E 20 61 20 72 65 61 6C 20 49 42 4D | seen a real IBM| 0000A080: 20 72 65 63 65 6E 74 6C 79 20 2D 0D 0A 49 20 68 | recently -..I h| 0000A090: 61 76 65 6E 27 74 20 73 65 65 6E 20 61 6E 79 74 |aven't seen anyt| 0000A0A0: 68 69 6E 67 20 6D 6F 72 65 20 72 65 63 65 6E 74 |hing more recent| 0000A0B0: 20 74 68 61 6E 20 61 6E 20 6F 72 69 67 69 6E 61 | than an origina| 0000A0C0: 6C 20 35 2D 73 6C 6F 74 20 50 43 2C 20 61 6C 74 |l 5-slot PC, alt| 0000A0D0: 68 6F 75 67 68 20 49 20 64 6F 0D 0A 6B 6E 6F 77 |hough I do..know| 0000A0E0: 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 50 53 2F 32 2C 20 61 20 | of the PS/2, a | 0000A0F0: 32 38 36 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 2E 20 44 6F 65 |286 machine. Doe| 0000A100: 73 20 49 42 4D 20 69 6E 20 66 61 63 74 20 6D 61 |s IBM in fact ma| 0000A110: 6B 65 20 61 20 33 38 36 20 3F 29 2C 20 61 20 6D |ke a 386 ?), a m| 0000A120: 61 63 68 69 6E 65 0D 0A 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 22 |achine..with a "| 0000A130: 72 65 61 6C 22 20 42 49 4F 53 20 69 73 20 6E 6F |real" BIOS is no| 0000A140: 74 20 6E 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 69 6C 79 20 6D 6F |t necessarily mo| 0000A150: 72 65 20 63 6F 6D 70 61 74 69 62 6C 65 20 74 68 |re compatible th| 0000A160: 61 6E 20 61 20 63 6C 6F 6E 65 2E 20 53 6F 20 74 |an a clone. So t| 0000A170: 68 65 0D 0A 63 68 6F 69 63 65 20 6F 66 20 42 49 |he..choice of BI| 0000A180: 4F 53 20 62 6F 69 6C 73 20 64 6F 77 6E 20 74 6F |OS boils down to| 0000A190: 20 70 65 72 73 6F 6E 61 6C 20 70 72 65 66 65 72 | personal prefer| 0000A1A0: 65 6E 63 65 2E 20 49 20 70 65 72 73 6F 6E 61 6C |ence. I personal| 0000A1B0: 6C 79 20 6F 77 6E 20 41 4D 49 20 32 38 36 20 61 |ly own AMI 286 a| 0000A1C0: 6E 64 0D 0A 33 38 36 20 42 49 4F 53 73 2C 20 61 |nd..386 BIOSs, a| 0000A1D0: 6E 64 20 41 77 61 72 64 20 33 38 36 20 42 49 4F |nd Award 386 BIO| 0000A1E0: 53 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 75 73 |S, and I have us| 0000A1F0: 65 64 20 50 68 6F 65 6E 69 78 20 32 38 36 20 61 |ed Phoenix 286 a| 0000A200: 6E 64 20 41 77 61 72 64 20 32 38 36 20 42 49 4F |nd Award 286 BIO| 0000A210: 53 2E 0D 0A 4F 75 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 |S...Out of these| 0000A220: 2C 20 49 20 73 74 72 6F 6E 67 6C 79 20 72 65 63 |, I strongly rec| 0000A230: 6F 6D 6D 65 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 41 4D 49 20 28 |ommend the AMI (| 0000A240: 41 6D 65 72 69 63 61 6E 20 4D 65 67 61 74 72 65 |American Megatre| 0000A250: 6E 64 73 29 20 42 49 4F 53 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 |nds) BIOS becaus| 0000A260: 65 0D 0A 69 74 20 73 65 65 6D 73 20 61 20 6C 6F |e..it seems a lo| 0000A270: 74 20 6D 6F 72 65 20 73 65 6E 73 69 62 6C 79 20 |t more sensibly | 0000A280: 64 65 73 69 67 6E 65 64 20 74 68 61 6E 20 74 68 |designed than th| 0000A290: 65 20 41 77 61 72 64 20 6F 72 20 50 68 6F 65 6E |e Award or Phoen| 0000A2A0: 69 78 20 70 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 73 2E 20 46 6F 72 |ix programs. For| 0000A2B0: 0D 0A 65 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 2C 20 74 68 65 20 41 |..example, the A| 0000A2C0: 4D 49 20 33 38 36 20 42 49 4F 53 20 61 6C 6C 6F |MI 386 BIOS allo| 0000A2D0: 77 73 20 79 6F 75 20 74 6F 20 73 65 74 20 75 70 |ws you to set up| 0000A2E0: 20 61 20 77 68 6F 6C 65 20 6C 6F 74 20 6F 66 20 | a whole lot of | 0000A2F0: 6C 6F 77 2D 6C 65 76 65 6C 0D 0A 63 68 69 70 73 |low-level..chips| 0000A300: 65 74 20 70 61 72 61 6D 65 74 65 72 73 20 72 65 |et parameters re| 0000A310: 6C 61 74 65 64 20 74 6F 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 |lated to memory | 0000A320: 73 70 65 65 64 20 61 6E 64 20 73 65 74 75 70 2C |speed and setup,| 0000A330: 20 77 68 69 6C 73 74 20 74 68 65 20 41 77 61 72 | whilst the Awar| 0000A340: 64 20 6F 6E 6C 79 0D 0A 61 6C 6C 6F 77 73 20 79 |d only..allows y| 0000A350: 6F 75 20 74 6F 20 73 65 74 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 |ou to set drive | 0000A360: 61 6E 64 20 64 69 73 70 6C 61 79 20 74 79 70 65 |and display type| 0000A370: 73 2E 20 41 6C 73 6F 2C 20 69 66 20 79 6F 75 20 |s. Also, if you | 0000A380: 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 6E 20 74 6F 79 69 6E 67 |have been toying| 0000A390: 20 77 69 74 68 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 58 43 4D 4F 53 | with..the XCMOS| 0000A3A0: 20 73 65 74 74 69 6E 67 73 20 61 6E 64 20 68 61 | settings and ha| 0000A3B0: 76 65 20 6D 61 6E 61 67 65 64 20 74 6F 20 6D 61 |ve managed to ma| 0000A3C0: 6B 65 20 79 6F 75 72 20 63 6F 6D 70 75 74 65 72 |ke your computer| 0000A3D0: 20 6E 6F 6E 2D 66 75 6E 63 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C 2C | non-functional,| 0000A3E0: 20 69 66 0D 0A 79 6F 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68 | if..you have th| 0000A3F0: 65 20 41 4D 49 20 42 49 4F 53 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 |e AMI BIOS, you | 0000A400: 73 69 6D 70 6C 79 20 68 6F 6C 64 20 64 6F 77 6E |simply hold down| 0000A410: 20 49 6E 73 65 72 74 20 77 68 69 6C 65 20 70 72 | Insert while pr| 0000A420: 65 73 73 69 6E 67 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 65 74 |essing the reset| 0000A430: 0D 0A 62 75 74 74 6F 6E 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 |..button, and th| 0000A440: 65 20 58 43 4D 4F 53 20 73 65 74 74 69 6E 67 73 |e XCMOS settings| 0000A450: 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 20 73 65 74 20 74 6F 20 | will be set to | 0000A460: 64 65 66 61 75 6C 74 20 76 61 6C 75 65 73 2C 20 |default values, | 0000A470: 75 6E 6C 6F 63 6B 69 6E 67 20 79 6F 75 72 0D 0A |unlocking your..| 0000A480: 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 2E 20 57 69 74 68 20 74 68 |machine. With th| 0000A490: 65 20 41 77 61 72 64 20 42 49 4F 53 2C 20 49 20 |e Award BIOS, I | 0000A4A0: 68 61 64 20 61 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 77 69 |had a machine wi| 0000A4B0: 74 68 20 48 65 72 63 75 6C 65 73 20 61 6E 64 20 |th Hercules and | 0000A4C0: 56 47 41 20 63 61 72 64 73 2C 20 62 75 74 0D 0A |VGA cards, but..| 0000A4D0: 6E 6F 20 6D 6F 6E 6F 20 6D 6F 6E 69 74 6F 72 2C |no mono monitor,| 0000A4E0: 20 61 6E 64 20 49 20 61 63 63 69 64 65 6E 74 61 | and I accidenta| 0000A4F0: 6C 6C 79 20 73 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 70 |lly set the disp| 0000A500: 6C 61 79 20 74 79 70 65 20 74 6F 20 22 4D 4F 4E |lay type to "MON| 0000A510: 4F 22 2C 20 6D 65 61 6E 69 6E 67 0D 0A 74 68 61 |O", meaning..tha| 0000A520: 74 20 74 68 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 6E 65 20 62 6F |t the machine bo| 0000A530: 6F 74 65 64 20 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 48 65 72 63 |oted on the Herc| 0000A540: 20 63 61 72 64 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 49 20 63 6F | card where I co| 0000A550: 75 6C 64 6E 27 74 20 73 65 65 20 61 6E 79 74 68 |uldn't see anyth| 0000A560: 69 6E 67 2E 2E 20 69 6E 0D 0A 6F 72 64 65 72 20 |ing.. in..order | 0000A570: 74 6F 20 67 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 |to get the machi| 0000A580: 6E 65 20 75 73 61 62 6C 65 20 61 67 61 69 6E 20 |ne usable again | 0000A590: 49 20 68 61 64 20 74 6F 20 6F 70 65 6E 20 69 74 |I had to open it| 0000A5A0: 20 61 6E 64 20 75 6E 70 6C 75 67 20 74 68 65 20 | and unplug the | 0000A5B0: 48 65 72 63 75 6C 65 73 0D 0A 63 61 72 64 20 74 |Hercules..card t| 0000A5C0: 6F 20 66 6F 72 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 42 49 4F 53 |o force the BIOS| 0000A5D0: 20 74 6F 20 72 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20 74 68 | to return to th| 0000A5E0: 65 20 56 47 41 2F 45 47 41 20 64 69 73 70 6C 61 |e VGA/EGA displa| 0000A5F0: 79 20 73 65 74 74 69 6E 67 2E 20 41 6E 6E 6F 79 |y setting. Annoy| 0000A600: 69 6E 67 2C 0D 0A 65 73 70 65 63 69 61 6C 6C 79 |ing,..especially| 0000A610: 20 73 69 6E 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 6D 61 63 68 69 | since the machi| 0000A620: 6E 65 20 69 6E 20 71 75 65 73 74 69 6F 6E 20 77 |ne in question w| 0000A630: 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 62 6F 74 74 6F 6D 20 28 4D |as the bottom (M| 0000A640: 75 72 70 68 79 20 61 67 61 69 6E 20 21 29 20 69 |urphy again !) i| 0000A650: 6E 20 61 0D 0A 73 74 61 63 6B 20 6F 66 20 74 68 |n a..stack of th| 0000A660: 72 65 65 20 50 43 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 6D |ree PCs with a m| 0000A670: 6F 6E 69 74 6F 72 20 6F 6E 20 74 6F 70 2C 20 61 |onitor on top, a| 0000A680: 6C 6C 20 6F 6E 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 63 72 6F |ll on a very cro| 0000A690: 77 64 65 64 20 64 65 73 6B 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 |wded desk... | 0000A6A0: 20 20 20 20 4E 42 3A 20 53 69 6E 63 65 20 74 68 | NB: Since th| 0000A6B0: 65 20 42 49 4F 53 20 69 73 20 72 65 73 69 64 65 |e BIOS is reside| 0000A6C0: 6E 74 20 6F 6E 20 61 20 73 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 |nt on a standard| 0000A6D0: 20 45 50 52 4F 4D 2C 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 71 75 | EPROM, it is qu| 0000A6E0: 69 74 65 0D 0A 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 20 74 6F |ite..possible to| 0000A6F0: 20 63 6F 70 79 20 69 74 20 75 73 69 6E 67 20 61 | copy it using a| 0000A700: 6E 20 45 50 52 4F 4D 20 72 65 61 64 65 72 2F 62 |n EPROM reader/b| 0000A710: 75 72 6E 65 72 20 61 6E 64 20 61 20 62 6C 61 6E |urner and a blan| 0000A720: 6B 20 45 50 52 4F 4D 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 |k EPROM of the s| 0000A730: 61 6D 65 0D 0A 74 79 70 65 2E 20 48 6F 77 65 76 |ame..type. Howev| 0000A740: 65 72 2C 20 74 68 65 20 61 73 74 75 74 65 20 77 |er, the astute w| 0000A750: 69 6C 6C 20 6E 6F 74 69 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ill notice that | 0000A760: 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 2A 74 77 6F 2A 20 |there are *two* | 0000A770: 63 68 69 70 73 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 0D 0A 6D 61 |chips in the..ma| 0000A780: 63 68 69 6E 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 6C 69 74 74 6C |chine with littl| 0000A790: 65 20 68 6F 6C 6F 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 20 73 74 |e holographic st| 0000A7A0: 69 63 6B 65 72 73 3B 20 74 68 65 20 42 49 4F 53 |ickers; the BIOS| 0000A7B0: 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 6B 65 79 62 6F 61 72 | and the keyboar| 0000A7C0: 64 0D 0A 63 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 6C 65 72 2E 20 49 |d..controller. I| 0000A7D0: 20 68 61 76 65 20 6E 65 76 65 72 20 68 61 64 20 | have never had | 0000A7E0: 6F 63 63 61 73 69 6F 6E 20 74 6F 20 74 72 79 20 |occasion to try | 0000A7F0: 70 69 72 61 74 69 6E 67 20 42 49 4F 53 73 2C 20 |pirating BIOSs, | 0000A800: 62 75 74 20 49 20 64 6F 75 62 74 20 74 68 61 74 |but I doubt that| 0000A810: 0D 0A 42 49 4F 53 20 41 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 77 6F |..BIOS A will wo| 0000A820: 72 6B 20 77 69 74 68 20 6B 65 79 62 6F 61 72 64 |rk with keyboard| 0000A830: 20 63 6F 6E 74 72 6F 6C 6C 65 72 20 42 2E 20 54 | controller B. T| 0000A840: 68 65 79 20 64 65 66 69 6E 69 74 65 6C 79 20 22 |hey definitely "| 0000A850: 6B 6E 6F 77 22 20 61 62 6F 75 74 20 6F 6E 65 0D |know" about one.| 0000A860: 0A 61 6E 6F 74 68 65 72 2C 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 |.another, becaus| 0000A870: 65 20 77 68 65 6E 20 79 6F 75 20 62 6F 6F 74 20 |e when you boot | 0000A880: 61 20 73 6C 6F 77 20 41 4D 49 20 6D 61 63 68 69 |a slow AMI machi| 0000A890: 6E 65 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 73 65 65 20 61 20 73 65 |ne, you see a se| 0000A8A0: 72 69 61 6C 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 6F 66 0D 0A |rial number of..| 0000A8B0: 74 68 65 20 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 20 3C 73 6F 6D 65 |the format <some| 0000A8C0: 74 68 69 6E 67 3E 2D 3C 73 6F 6D 65 74 68 69 6E |thing>-<somethin| 0000A8D0: 67 3E 2D 4B 20 28 61 20 70 61 75 73 65 20 77 68 |g>-K (a pause wh| 0000A8E0: 69 6C 65 20 74 68 65 20 6B 65 79 62 6F 61 72 64 |ile the keyboard| 0000A8F0: 20 69 73 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 65 64 29 2C 0D 0A | is accessed),..| 0000A900: 74 68 65 6E 20 61 6E 6F 74 68 65 72 20 64 69 67 |then another dig| 0000A910: 69 74 20 69 6E 64 69 63 61 74 69 6E 67 20 74 68 |it indicating th| 0000A920: 65 20 6B 65 79 62 6F 61 72 64 20 63 6F 6E 74 72 |e keyboard contr| 0000A930: 6F 6C 6C 65 72 20 76 65 72 73 69 6F 6E 2E 0D 0A |oller version...| 0000A940: 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 0000A950: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 3D 3C 2A 20 | -=<* | 0000A960: 47 65 6E 65 72 61 6C 20 49 6E 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 |General Informat| 0000A970: 69 6F 6E 20 2A 3E 3D 2D 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 2E 20 44 |ion *>=-....i. D| 0000A980: 65 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 20 53 6D 61 6C 6C |esoldering Small| 0000A990: 20 49 43 27 73 20 28 4C 65 73 73 20 74 68 61 6E | IC's (Less than| 0000A9A0: 20 34 30 20 70 69 6E 73 29 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | 40 pins)..-----| 0000A9B0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 0000A9C0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 0000A9D0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 53 6D 61 6C 6C 20 |--------..Small | 0000A9E0: 63 68 69 70 73 20 63 61 6E 20 62 65 20 66 61 69 |chips can be fai| 0000A9F0: 72 6C 79 20 65 61 73 69 6C 79 20 64 65 73 6F 6C |rly easily desol| 0000AA00: 64 65 72 65 64 20 62 79 20 69 6E 73 65 72 74 69 |dered by inserti| 0000AA10: 6E 67 20 61 20 73 75 69 74 61 62 6C 65 20 6C 65 |ng a suitable le| 0000AA20: 76 65 72 0D 0A 75 6E 64 65 72 20 6F 6E 65 20 65 |ver..under one e| 0000AA30: 6E 64 2C 20 61 70 70 6C 79 69 6E 67 20 70 72 65 |nd, applying pre| 0000AA40: 73 73 75 72 65 20 61 6E 64 20 72 75 6E 6E 69 6E |ssure and runnin| 0000AA50: 67 20 61 20 68 6F 74 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E |g a hot solderin| 0000AA60: 67 20 69 72 6F 6E 20 75 70 20 61 6E 64 20 64 6F |g iron up and do| 0000AA70: 77 6E 0D 0A 74 68 65 20 72 6F 77 73 20 6F 66 20 |wn..the rows of | 0000AA80: 70 69 6E 73 2E 20 57 68 65 6E 20 6F 6E 65 20 65 |pins. 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Howe| 0000AD70: 76 65 72 2C 20 79 6F 75 20 63 61 6E 20 74 72 79 |ver, you can try| 0000AD80: 20 75 73 69 6E 67 20 61 0D 0A 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 | using a..solder| 0000AD90: 2D 73 6E 69 66 66 65 72 20 74 6F 20 72 65 6D 6F |-sniffer to remo| 0000ADA0: 76 65 20 6D 6F 73 74 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 |ve most of the s| 0000ADB0: 6F 6C 64 65 72 2C 20 74 68 65 6E 20 68 65 61 74 |older, then heat| 0000ADC0: 20 75 70 20 74 68 65 20 65 6E 74 69 72 65 20 63 | up the entire c| 0000ADD0: 6F 6D 70 6F 6E 65 6E 74 0D 0A 61 6E 64 20 66 6C |omponent..and fl| 0000ADE0: 69 63 6B 20 69 74 20 6F 66 66 20 74 68 65 20 62 |ick it off the b| 0000ADF0: 6F 61 72 64 20 77 68 69 6C 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 |oard while the s| 0000AE00: 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 69 73 20 73 74 69 6C 6C 20 6C |older is still l| 0000AE10: 69 71 75 69 64 2E 20 4D 61 6B 65 20 61 62 73 6F |iquid. Make abso| 0000AE20: 6C 75 74 65 6C 79 0D 0A 73 75 72 65 20 79 6F 75 |lutely..sure you| 0000AE30: 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 6F 72 72 65 63 | have the correc| 0000AE40: 74 20 76 61 6C 75 65 20 6F 66 20 72 65 70 6C 61 |t value of repla| 0000AE50: 63 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 63 6F 6D 70 6F 6E 65 6E 74 |cement component| 0000AE60: 3B 20 53 4D 20 72 65 73 69 73 74 6F 72 73 20 61 |; SM resistors a| 0000AE70: 6E 64 0D 0A 63 61 70 61 63 69 74 6F 72 73 20 61 |nd..capacitors a| 0000AE80: 72 65 20 6F 66 74 65 6E 20 75 6E 6D 61 72 6B 65 |re often unmarke| 0000AE90: 64 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 69 76 2E 20 44 65 73 6F 6C 64 |d.....iv. Desold| 0000AEA0: 65 72 69 6E 67 20 31 36 30 2D 70 69 6E 20 53 75 |ering 160-pin Su| 0000AEB0: 72 66 61 63 65 20 4D 6F 75 6E 74 20 49 43 27 73 |rface Mount IC's| 0000AEC0: 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |..--------------| 0000AED0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 0000AEE0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0A 44 6F |------------..Do| 0000AEF0: 6E 27 74 2E 20 49 74 27 73 20 69 6D 70 6F 73 73 |n't. It's imposs| 0000AF00: 69 62 6C 65 20 77 69 74 68 6F 75 74 20 61 20 31 |ible without a 1| 0000AF10: 36 30 2D 61 72 6D 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 |60-arm soldering| 0000AF20: 20 72 6F 62 6F 74 2E 20 49 66 20 79 6F 75 72 20 | robot. If your | 0000AF30: 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 0D 0A 68 61 73 |motherboard..has| 0000AF40: 20 61 20 63 68 69 70 20 6C 69 6B 65 20 74 68 69 | a chip like thi| 0000AF50: 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 64 61 6D 61 67 |s which is damag| 0000AF60: 65 64 2C 20 72 65 70 6C 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ed, replace the | 0000AF70: 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 3B 20 69 74 20 |motherboard; it | 0000AF80: 77 69 6C 6C 0D 0A 70 72 6F 62 61 62 6C 79 20 62 |will..probably b| 0000AF90: 65 20 63 68 65 61 70 65 72 20 74 68 61 6E 20 74 |e cheaper than t| 0000AFA0: 72 79 69 6E 67 20 74 6F 20 69 6D 70 6F 72 74 20 |rying to import | 0000AFB0: 61 20 70 72 6F 70 72 69 65 74 61 72 79 20 55 4C |a proprietary UL| 0000AFC0: 41 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 54 61 69 77 61 6E 20 6F 72 |A from Taiwan or| 0000AFD0: 0D 0A 4A 61 70 61 6E 2E 20 4E 6F 74 20 74 6F 20 |..Japan. Not to | 0000AFE0: 6D 65 6E 74 69 6F 6E 20 74 68 65 20 68 6F 75 72 |mention the hour| 0000AFF0: 73 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 77 61 73 74 65 |s you will waste| 0000B000: 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 20 61 6C 6C 20 74 | soldering all t| 0000B010: 68 6F 73 65 20 2E 30 32 35 22 20 70 69 74 63 68 |hose .025" pitch| 0000B020: 0D 0A 70 69 6E 73 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 |..pins, and the | 0000B030: 59 45 41 52 53 20 79 6F 75 20 77 69 6C 6C 20 77 |YEARS you will w| 0000B040: 61 73 74 65 20 67 65 74 74 69 6E 67 20 72 69 64 |aste getting rid| 0000B050: 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 20 62 | of the solder b| 0000B060: 72 69 64 67 65 73 2E 0D 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ridges... | 0000B070: 20 28 4E 6F 74 65 20 3A 20 46 6F 72 20 74 68 6F | (Note : For tho| 0000B080: 73 65 20 77 68 6F 20 64 6F 20 6E 6F 74 20 62 65 |se who do not be| 0000B090: 6C 69 65 76 65 20 31 36 30 2D 70 69 6E 20 49 43 |lieve 160-pin IC| 0000B0A0: 27 73 20 65 78 69 73 74 2C 20 70 6C 65 61 73 65 |'s exist, please| 0000B0B0: 20 72 65 66 65 72 0D 0A 74 6F 20 74 68 65 20 41 | refer..to the A| 0000B0C0: 63 65 72 20 31 36 4D 48 7A 20 38 30 32 38 36 20 |cer 16MHz 80286 | 0000B0D0: 6D 6F 74 68 65 72 62 6F 61 72 64 2C 20 63 6F 6D |motherboard, com| 0000B0E0: 70 6F 6E 65 6E 74 20 55 31 36 2E 20 54 68 69 73 |ponent U16. This| 0000B0F0: 20 69 73 20 61 6E 20 4D 31 32 30 37 2D 31 36 2C | is an M1207-16,| 0000B100: 20 61 0D 0A 31 36 30 2D 70 69 6E 20 73 75 72 66 | a..160-pin surf| 0000B110: 61 63 65 2D 6D 6F 75 6E 74 69 6E 67 20 55 4C 41 |ace-mounting ULA| 0000B120: 29 2E 0D 0A 0D 0A 76 2E 20 4F 6C 64 20 50 43 42 |).....v. Old PCB| 0000B130: 27 73 0D 0A 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |'s..------------| 0000B140: 0D 0A 50 72 69 6E 74 65 64 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 |..Printed circui| 0000B150: 74 20 62 6F 61 72 64 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 |t boards which h| 0000B160: 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 6E 20 69 6E 20 73 65 72 76 |ave been in serv| 0000B170: 69 63 65 20 66 6F 72 20 61 20 77 68 69 6C 65 20 |ice for a while | 0000B180: 61 72 65 20 4D 55 43 48 20 6D 6F 72 65 0D 0A 73 |are MUCH more..s| 0000B190: 75 73 63 65 70 74 69 62 6C 65 20 74 6F 20 68 65 |usceptible to he| 0000B1A0: 61 74 20 64 61 6D 61 67 65 20 28 77 68 65 6E 20 |at damage (when | 0000B1B0: 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 20 61 6E 64 20 64 65 |soldering and de| 0000B1C0: 73 6F 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 20 63 6F 6D 70 6F 6E |soldering compon| 0000B1D0: 65 6E 74 73 29 20 74 68 61 6E 0D 0A 6D 6F 72 65 |ents) than..more| 0000B1E0: 20 72 65 63 65 6E 74 20 62 6F 61 72 64 73 2E 20 | recent boards. | 0000B1F0: 49 6E 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 73 65 20 6F 66 20 70 |In the case of p| 0000B200: 6C 61 74 65 64 2D 74 68 72 75 2D 68 6F 6C 65 20 |lated-thru-hole | 0000B210: 64 6F 75 62 6C 65 2D 73 69 64 65 64 20 62 6F 61 |double-sided boa| 0000B220: 72 64 73 0D 0A 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6C 61 72 6C |rds..particularl| 0000B230: 79 2C 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 65 78 74 72 65 6D 65 |y, it is extreme| 0000B240: 6C 79 20 65 61 73 79 20 74 6F 20 70 75 6C 6C 20 |ly easy to pull | 0000B250: 74 68 65 20 70 61 64 20 6F 66 66 20 74 68 65 20 |the pad off the | 0000B260: 74 6F 70 20 73 69 64 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 0D |top side of the.| 0000B270: 0A 62 6F 61 72 64 20 77 68 65 6E 20 64 65 73 6F |.board when deso| 0000B280: 6C 64 65 72 69 6E 67 20 63 6F 6D 70 6F 6E 65 6E |ldering componen| 0000B290: 74 73 2E 20 54 68 69 73 20 6E 65 63 65 73 73 69 |ts. This necessi| 0000B2A0: 74 61 74 65 73 20 6D 75 63 68 20 6C 61 62 6F 72 |tates much labor| 0000B2B0: 69 6F 75 73 20 66 6C 79 69 6E 67 0D 0A 6C 65 61 |ious flying..lea| 0000B2C0: 64 20 69 6E 73 74 61 6C 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 61 |d installation a| 0000B2D0: 6E 64 20 69 73 20 67 65 6E 65 72 61 6C 6C 79 20 |nd is generally | 0000B2E0: 61 20 68 61 73 73 6C 65 20 21 20 49 20 72 65 63 |a hassle ! I rec| 0000B2F0: 65 6E 74 6C 79 20 68 61 64 20 63 61 75 73 65 20 |ently had cause | 0000B300: 74 6F 20 72 65 70 61 69 72 20 61 0D 0A 64 65 76 |to repair a..dev| 0000B310: 69 63 65 20 6D 61 64 65 20 69 6E 20 6C 61 74 65 |ice made in late| 0000B320: 20 31 39 37 39 20 28 61 6E 20 6F 6C 64 20 67 6C | 1979 (an old gl| 0000B330: 61 73 73 20 74 74 79 2C 20 69 6E 20 66 61 63 74 |ass tty, in fact| 0000B340: 29 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 49 20 77 6F 75 6C 64 20 73 |), and I would s| 0000B350: 74 72 6F 6E 67 6C 79 0D 0A 61 64 76 69 73 65 20 |trongly..advise | 0000B360: 73 74 61 79 69 6E 67 20 77 65 6C 6C 20 63 6C 65 |staying well cle| 0000B370: 61 72 20 6F 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 6F 6C 64 65 |ar of these olde| 0000B380: 72 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 73 20 69 66 20 61 74 20 |r devices if at | 0000B390: 61 6C 6C 20 70 6F 73 73 69 62 6C 65 2E 0D 0A 0D |all possible....| 0000B3A0: 0A 2A 2A 20 45 4F 46 20 2A 2A 0D 0A 54 68 65 72 |.** EOF **..Ther| 0000B3B0: 65 20 68 61 73 20 6E 6F 74 20 62 65 65 6E 20 61 |e has not been a| 0000B3C0: 6E 20 65 72 72 6F 72 20 69 6E 20 64 34 77 6E 6C |n error in d4wnl| 0000B3D0: 6F 61 64 69 6E 67 20 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 20 66 |oading and the f| 0000B3E0: 71 6C 65 20 69 73 20 31 5E 30 30 25 20 75 6E 63 |qle is 1^00% unc| 0000B3F0: 6F 72 72 75 70 74 3F 64 2E 0D 0A 1A 1A 1A 1A 1A |orrupt?d........|
== == == FROM - LAE@MULLAUNA.CS.MU
.OZ.AU (LEWIN EDWARDS) == == ==.. -=
A DIY GUIDE TO COMPUTER REPAIR & MODIFIC
ATION (PC AND AMIGA 500) =-.. [NOTE :
TO PEOPLE WHO SAVED MY EARLIER POST RE:
INSTALLATION OF THE 1MB.. AGNUS, D
ISCARD IT AND GET A COPY OF THIS INSTEAD
; THE 1MB AGNUS.. INST
ALLATION PROCEDURE IS INCLUDED HERE]....
-=<* ABOUT THIS DOCUME
NT - DISCLAIMER *>=-....THIS DOCUMENT IS
INTENDED TO PROVIDE ELECTRONICS HOBBYIS
TS WITH SOME USEFUL..NOTES THE AUTHOR HA
S GATHERED WHILST WORKING ON VARIOUS SYS
TEMS. IT IS NOT..INTENDED TO TRAIN OR EN
COURAGE NOVICES TO ATTEMPT SERVICE OR MO
DIFICATIONS..TO EXPENSIVE APPLIANCES. IT
IS ESPECIALLY NOT INTENDED TO ENCOURAGE
..UNQUALIFIED PERSONNEL TO TAMPER WITH D
ANGEROUS APPLIANCES SUCH AS MONITORS,..P
OWER SUPPLIES AND OTHER DEVICES WHICH CO
NTAIN VACUUM TUBES, LIVE MAINS OR..HIGH-
TENSION RAILS, OR OTHER HAZARDOUS AREAS.
ANY SUCH WORK CARRIED OUT IS..DONE AT T
HE READER'S OWN RISK AND THE AUTHOR ACCE
PTS NO REPONSIBILITY FOR..DAMAGE TO PROP
ERTY OR PERSON WHICH OCCURS AS A RESULT
OF ATTEMPTING ANY OF..THE PROCEDURES DES
CRIBED HEREIN... HAVING SAID THAT
, I CAN VOUCH FOR THE WORKABILITY OF THE
..MODIFICATIONS LISTED HERE. I HAVE PERS
ONALLY PERFORMED THEM ALL MYSELF ON MY..
OWN MACHINES (THIS IS, AFTER ALL, A CHRO
NICLE OF MY OWN EXPERIENCES, CHOPPED..UP
UNDER SUITABLE HEADINGS FOR YOUR CONVEN
IENCE). WITH REGARDS TO THE SERVICE..INF
ORMATION, WHILST I HAVE DESCRIBED PROBLE
MS AND THE SOLUTION(S) I FOUND,..KEEP IN
MIND THAT THIS IS RATHER LIKE A DOCTOR
PRESCRIBING MEDICATION OVER..THE TELEPHO
NE OR FROM AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA. WHAT I MEAN
BY THIS STATEMENT IS THAT..DIFFERENT PR
OBLEMS MAY WELL CAUSE THE SAME SYMPTOMS;
TO TAKE A TRIVIAL..EXAMPLE, IF YOU TURN
YOUR MONITOR ON AND NOTHING HAPPENS, PE
RHAPS THE FUSE IS..BLOWN, BUT ON THE OTH
ER HAND, PERHAPS IT IS NOT PLUGGED IN, O
R PERHAPS THERE..IS A MORE SINISTER FAUL
T IN THE POWER SUPPLY SECTION. FOR THIS
REASON, I..SUGGEST YOU USE THE SERVICE I
NFORMATION AS A VERY VAGUE GUIDE ONLY. R
EMEMBER;..IT IS VERY RARE TO FIND TWO MA
CHINES WHICH ARE EXACTLY THE SAME INSIDE
, AND..SO WHAT I HAVE FOUND TO BE A SUIT
ABLE SOLUTION TO A GIVEN FAULT MAY BE..T
OTALLY INAPPROPRIATE TO YOUR SITUATION..
... -=<* THE COMMOD
ORE AMIGA 500 *>=-....I. SERIAL KILLER..
----------------..PROBLEMS WITH AMIGA SE
RIAL PORTS GENERALLY FALL INTO THREE CAT
EGORIES; PROBLEMS..WITH THE FLOW CONTROL
LINES, PROBLEMS WITH THE ACTUAL DATA TR
ANSMISSION LINES,..AND PROBLEMS WITH THE
LINE LEVEL (CAUSED BY FAULTY LINE DRIVE
R CHIPS). THE..FIRST TWO CAN BE RELATIVE
LY COSTLY TO REPAIR, DUE TO COMMODORE'S
MONOPOLY ON..THE CIA AND PAULA CHIPS, SO
I ADVISE EXPLORING THE LINE DRIVER SECT
ION OF THE..CIRCUIT BEFORE RUSHING OUT T
O BUY NEW PAULAS OR CIAS... FAULT
S IN THE LINE DRIVER CHIPS (MC1488 AND M
C1489, U38 AND U39..RESPECTIVELY IN THE
SCHEMATIC ON PAGE F-7 OF THE BOOK 'INTRO
DUCTION TO THE..COMMODORE AMIGA 500') AR
E TYPIFIED BY EITHER TOTAL LOSS OF TRANS
MISSION, TOTAL..LOSS OF RECEPTION, OR BO
TH. IF YOU LOOK AT THE FLOW CONTROL LINE
S, (CTS AND..RTS), YOU USUALLY SEE THAT
THESE LINES ARE BEHAVING NORMALLY (EXACT
LY WHY..THESE LINES ARE RARELY AFFECTED
IS A MYSTERY TO ME); IF NOT, THEN YOU PR
OBABLY..HAVE A FAULTY CIA. SINCE THE 148
8 AND 1489 ONLY COST AROUND A$1.00 EACH,
..DEPENDING ON YOUR SOURCE, IT IS WELL W
ORTH REPLACING THESE CHIPS BEFORE YOU..I
NVESTIGATE PAULA. UNFORTUNATELY, THEY AR
E NOT SOCKETED SO YOU WILL HAVE TO..DESO
LDER THEM (SEE "DESOLDERING SMALL IC'S"
BELOW). WHEN YOU HAVE THE CHIPS..OUT, PU
T IN A COUPLE OF SOCKETS TO FACILITATE L
ATER REPAIRS... IF, AFTER REPLACI
NG THE 148X'S, YOU STILL EXPERIENCE PROB
LEMS, IT IS..TIME TO LOOK FURTHER. IF YO
U HAVE SUITABLE SOFTWARE, YOU CAN CHECK
WHETHER THE..PROBLEM LIES IN THE FLOW CO
NTROL LINES (IN WHICH CASE YOU HAVE A DA
MAGED EVEN..CIA, U8) OR IN THE DATA LINE
S (IN WHICH CASE YOU HAVE A DAMAGED PAUL
A). IF YOU..DO NOT HAVE, OR ARE UNABLE T
O INTERPRET THE RESULTS OF, THIS SOFTWAR
E, YOU CAN..MAKE USE OF AN OLD AMIGA-TEC
H WRINKLE; EXCHANGE THE CIA CHIPS AND SE
E IF YOUR..FAULT CLEARS UP. IF IT DOES,
THEN TEN TO ONE THE PROBLEM IS IN THE CI
A WHICH..STARTED OUT AS U8; IF THE PROBL
EM PERSISTS, THEN IT IS MOST LIKELY A PA
ULA..FAULT.....II. FLOPPY HASSLES..-----
-------------..IN MY LIFE I HAVE OPENED
AT LEAST 40 AMIGA 500'S AND HAVE NEVER S
EEN TWO WHICH..HAVE THE SAME MAKE AND MO
DEL OF INTERNAL FLOPPY. IT SEEMS THAT CO
MMODORE..CHANGE THEIR SUPPLIERS (AND ALS
O THE COLORS OF THE LEDS ON THE KEYBOARD
) ON A..WEEKLY BASIS. LET'S SEE.. THREE
POSSIBLE LED COLORS (RED, GREEN, YELLOW)
,..THREE LEDS ON THE KEYBOARD, FOUR FLOP
PY MANUFACTURERS (SANKYO, CHINON,..PANAS
ONIC, SONY), TWO DIFFERENT STYLES OF HEA
D CONNECTOR (ONE FILM CONNECTOR..PER HEA
D OR ONE WIDE FILM CONNECTOR SERVICING B
OTH HEADS), HELICAL SCREW OR..BELT-DRIVE
HEAD CARRIAGE MECHANISMS.. THAT MAKES 1
44 POSSIBLE CONFIGURATIONS..ALREADY. FOR
THIS REASON IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO GIVE
SPECIFIC "LOOK-TO-THE-LEFT-..OF-THE-LARG
E-CHIP" DIRECTIONS, AND I CAN ONLY STATE
A COUPLE OF POSSIBLE FAULTS..AND THEIR
POSSIBLE CAUSES :....* FLOPPY REFUSES TO
ACKNOWLEDGE DISK INSERT..PROBABLY CAUSE
D BY A DEFECTIVE ODD CIA (U7). TRY SWITC
HING THE CIAS OVER. ALSO..CHECK THAT THE
SWITCHES AT THE FRONT OF THE DRIVE TRAV
EL FREELY UP AND DOWN...VERIFY THAT THE
PADS TO WHICH THE SWITCH ASSEMBLY IS CON
NECTED HAVE NOT FLAKED..OFF THE BOARD (T
HIS CAN BE CAUSED BY ROUGH DISK INSERTIO
N).....* FLOPPY WILL NOT READ DISKS FORM
ATTED IN OTHER DRIVES..THE HEAD ALIGNMEN
T IS FAULTY. THERE IS A METHOD OF ADJUST
ING IT WITHOUT..SPECIAL TOOLS AND MEASUR
EMENT DEVICES, BUT IT REQUIRES CONSIDERA
BLE PATIENCE..AND ONE OF THE X-COPY SERI
ES OF PROGRAMS. THE METHOD IS AS FOLLOWS
:..- FORMAT A DISK IN A WORKING DRIVE..
.- OPEN YOUR MACHINE (OR EXTERNAL DRIVE)
. REMOVE THE COVER FROM THE DRIVE UNIT..
(IT IS USUALLY HELD ON BY ONE SCREW ON E
ITHER SIDE AND ANOTHER ON TOP AT THE..BA
CK). LOCATE THE TRACK ZERO SENSOR AND LO
OSEN THE SCREW WHICH HOLDS IT IN..POSITI
ON. LOAD X-COPY AND SELECT THE TOOLKIT O
PTION CHECKDISK...- YOU MUST NOW ALIGN T
HE LOWER HEAD. THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED
BY MOVING THE..TRACK ZERO SENSOR A LITTL
E, THEN CHECKING THE DISK, AND REPEATING
THIS UNTIL..YOU FIND A POSITION IN WHIC
H THE DRIVE WILL READ THE LOWER SIDE OF
THE DISK...WHEN THIS IS DONE, TIGHTEN TH
E SCREW WHICH HOLDS THE TRACK ZERO SENSO
R, TO..STOP IT SHIFTING. IF YOU HAVE ANY
LOK-TITE, A DROP OF THAT ON THE SCREW I
S..ADVISABLE...- YOU MUST NOW ALIGN THE
UPPER HEAD. LOOSEN THE TWO SCREWS WHICH
HOLD IT TO..THE HEAD CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY (
DO NOT REMOVE THESE SCREWS, UNLESS YOU R
ELISH THE..IDEA OF GOING OVER THE FLOOR
WITH A METAL DETECTOR LOOKING FOR SMALL
SPRINGS)...ADJUST THE UPPER HEAD BY EYE
UNTIL IT APPEARS TO BE EXACTLY OVER THE
LOWER..HEAD. NOW REPEAT THE ABOVE TRIAL-
AND-ERROR PROCESS, TWEAKING THE UPPER HE
AD..AROUND UNTIL YOU FIND A WORKABLE POS
ITION. TIGHTEN THE SCREWS, REPLACE THE..
COVER AND REASSEMBLE... IF THE AB
OVE PROCEDURE SOUNDS RIGMAROLISH AND UNC
ERTAIN, IT IS ! BUT..I HAVE SUCCESSFULLY
PERFORMED IT ON A NUMBER OF AMIGA AND P
C 3.5" DRIVES. AND..I HAVE NEVER HAD A F
AILURE WITH IT.....III. CAPS LOCK CHAOS.
.--------------------..MANY AMIGA OWNERS
WILL KNOW, TO THEIR DETRIMENT, THAT OCC
ASIONALLY THE CAPS..LOCK LIGHT WILL STAR
T BLINKING AND THE KEYBOARD WILL LOCK UP
. THIS IS CAUSED..BY THE MICROPROCESSOR
IN THE KEYBOARD DETECTING A KEYBOARD FAU
LT. I FIRST..NOTICED THIS FAULT WHEN OUR
SCHOOL AMIGA ROOM (TWO REV. 5A A500'S)
ACQUIRED AN..AUTOFIRE JOYSTICK, A QUICKS
HOT IIB I THINK. WHEN SWITCHED TO AUTOFI
RE MODE,..THIS JOYSTICK WOULD PERIODICAL
LY JAM THE KEYBOARD. IF YOU HAVE RECENTL
Y..ACQUIRED AN AUTOFIRE JOYSTICK, YOU SH
OULD INVESTIGATE WHETHER TURNING IT OFF.
.DURING BOOT FIXES THE PROBLEM. OTHERWIS
E, YOU CAN TRY THE OLD "ATARI TWIST",..I
E PICK UP YOUR MACHINE IN BOTH HANDS AND
TWIST IT. THIS IS BASICALLY..EQUIVALENT
TO RESEATING THE CHIPS ON THE MOTHERBOA
RD; IF YOU HAVE A SPARE..MOMENT, I SUGGE
ST YOU ACTUALLY OPEN THE MACHINE UP AND
MANUALLY RESEAT THEM.....IV. BULIMIA OF
THE AGNUS..------------------------..IV-
1. WHAT IS THE 1MB AGNUS ?..------------
-----------------..THE 1MB AGNUS (VARIOU
SLY KNOWN AS THE OBESE AGNUS OR FATTER A
GNUS), COMMODORE..PART 8372A OR 318069-0
2, IS THE RELATIVELY NEW AGNUS WHICH IS
CAPABLE OF..ADDRESSING 1MB OF CHIP-RAM.
THIS ALLOWS YOU TO HAVE TWICE THE AMOUNT
OF..SAMPLED MUSIC, SCREENS, AND OTHER C
USTOM-CHIP DATA IN MEMORY SIMULTANEOUSLY
...IT ALSO HAS THE DESIRABLE EFFECT OF L
ETTING YOU RUN THINGS LIKE DELUXE PAINT.
.IN 16-COLOR 640X512 (OR 640X400, NTSC U
SERS) MODE, WITHOUT HAVING TO..DISCONNEC
T EXTERNAL DRIVES, CLOSE DOWN WORKBENCH
SCREENS AND THE LIKE. FOR..A-MAX USERS,
INSTALLING THE NEW AGNUS AND CONFIGURING
IT TO 1MB CHIP-RAM MODE..WILL ALSO INCR
EASE A-MAX COMPATIBILITY. IF YOU HAVE MO
RE THAN 1MB OF RAM, THEN..IT WILL MAKE A
-MAX VIRTUALLY 100% IDENTICAL TO A MAC P
LUS, MEMORY-MAP-WISE...NOTE WELL : THIS
MODIFICATION REQUIRES 1MB OF RAM TO BE V
ISIBLE !....COMMODORE, NOT WISHING TO MA
KE TWO CHIPS WHERE ONE WILL DO, IS NOW S
HIPPING..THE 8372A IN MOST (NEARLY ALL R
EV. 6A) A500'S, WITHOUT TELLING ANYBODY.
IN..THESE MACHINES, THE EXTRA CHIP-RAM
CAPABILITY HAS BEEN DISABLED SO THAT IF
YOU..CONNECT AN A501, IT WILL STILL THIN
K IT IS "SLOW" [SEE BELOW] RAM.....IV-2.
AN ASIDE ON MEMORY SPEEDS..------------
-------------------..THE AMIGA HAS *THRE
E* TYPES OF RAM. CHIP-RAM, FAST-RAM AND
"SLOW"-RAM...CONTRARY TO WHAT MANY PEOPL
E ASSERT, RAM AT $C00000 (THE DEFAULT LO
CATION OF..THE A501 EXPANDER, AND THE SE
COND 512K OF RAM IN A2000'S) IS NOT FAST
-RAM,..EVEN THOUGH THE SYSTEM REPORTS IT
AS SUCH. BECAUSE THIS RAM IS REFRESHED
AND..ACCESSED VIA AGNUS, IT IS AFFECTED
BY BUSS CONTENTION IN JUST THE SAME WAY
AS..CHIP-RAM. IT IS SIMPLY A DEAD AREA I
N RAM WHICH IS NOT ACCESSED BY THE CUSTO
M..CHIPS AND WHICH IS NOT FASTER THAN CH
IP-RAM. MOVING THIS RAM TO $80000 (WHICH
..IS WHAT YOU DO TO ENABLE 1MB CHIP-RAM)
WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON MACHINE SPEED AT
..ALL.....IV-3. COMPATIBILITY..---------
----------..TO DATE (20-OCT-91, 18:11EST
) I HAVE PERSONALLY TESTED AT LEAST 400
PIECES OF..SOFTWARE WITH THE NEW AGNUS.
I HAVE FOUND THREE PROGRAMS WHICH DO NOT
WORK :..* DOUBLE DRAGON II (COMPLETELY
SCREWED UP)..* VIDEOFX 3D (AGAIN, COMPLE
TELY USELESS)..* IMPOSSIBLE MISSION II (
THIS GAME REQUIRES MEMORY AT $C00000. IT
DOES NOT..MIND THE AGNUS, BUT IF YOU WA
NT TO RUN IT YOU MUST DROP BACK TO..512K
CHIP/512K SLOW MODE. LOUSY ALLOCABS() P
ROGRAMMER !)..IN ADDITION, DRAGON NINJA
THINKS YOU ARE RUNNING ON A 512K MACHINE
AND WILL..NOT PLAY IN-GAME MUSIC. AGAIN
, THIS CAN BE RECTIFIED BY SWITCHING INT
O 512K..CHIP/512K SLOW MODE. SOME OTHER
GAMES ALSO THINK THEY ARE RUNNING ON A 5
12K..MACHINE, NOTABLY TECHNOCOP AND R-TY
PE, BUT THIS IS OF NO REAL CONSEQUENCE..
...IV-4. IDENTIFYING THE VERSION OF YOUR
A500..---------------------------------
---------..THERE ARE SEVERAL VERSIONS OF
THE A500 OUT THERE. I HAVE ONLY TRIED F
ITTING..THE NEW AGNUS TO THE FOLLOWING :
.. A. THE REVISION 5 BOARD SHIPPED UNTIL
EARLY 1989.. B. THE NEW REVISION 6A BOA
RD SUPPLIED FROM MAY (?) 1989 ONWARDS..T
HE WAY TO IDENTIFY YOUR MACHINE TYPE IS
TO CHECK THE EXPANSION PORT WHICH..LURKS
UNDER A PLASTIC COVER ON THE LEFT-HAND
SIDE OF THE COMPUTER. THE REV. 5..MACHIN
E HAS A VERY FAT STRIP (DOUBLE WIDTH) AT
THE BACK OF THE CONNECTOR; THE..REV. 6A
BOARD HAS TWO NORMAL-WIDTH STRIPS INSTE
AD.....IV-5. INSTALLING THE 8372A TO REV
ISION 5 A500'S..------------------------
-----------------------..1. REMOVE THE 8
371 FROM ITS SOCKET. IF YOU ARE AN NTSC
USER WHO DOES NOT WISH..TO USE THE PAL M
ODE, GO TO STEP 3...2. PIN 41 OF THE NEW
AGNUS CONTROLS WHETHER THE MACHINE STAR
TS UP IN PAL OR..NTSC MODES. WHEN IT IS
TIED LOW (TO GROUND), THE MACHINE BOOTS
IN NTSC MODE...WHEN THE LINE IS TIED HIG
H OR LEFT FLOATING (IE UNCONNECTED), IT
BOOTS INTO..PAL MODE. ON THE REV. 5 BOAR
D, PIN 41 IS CONNECTED TO GROUND BY TRAC
KS ON BOTH..SIDES OF THE BOARD, MAKING I
T VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO CUT THE TRACK
WITHOUT..DESOLDERING THE SOCKET. THIS ME
ANS IF YOU JUST PLUG IN THE NEW AGNUS, Y
OU WILL..BE LOCKED IN NTSC MODE !! THERE
ARE A COUPLE OF WAYS TO GO ABOUT CIRCUM
VENTING..THIS PROBLEM; I WILL DETAIL HER
E THE ONE I UNDERTOOK ON MY OWN REV. 5 B
OARD. I..WILL ASSUME YOU WANT TO INSTALL
SOME SORT OF SWITCH TO TOGGLE PAL/NTSC
MODE...IF YOU ONLY WANT TO RUN IN PAL MO
DE, YOU CAN SIMPLY BEND OUT PIN 41 OF TH
E..AGNUS SOCKET (DON'T BEND THE PIN ON T
HE CHIP) TO PREVENT IT FROM MAKING..CONT
ACT WITH AGNUS. IF YOU DO THIS, PROCEED
TO STEP 3. OTHERWISE, GET YOURSELF..AN S
PDT OR SPST TOGGLE SWITCH AND TWO LENGTH
S OF TELEPHONE (OR OTHER THIN,..STIFF SI
NGLE-CORE WIRE). SOLDER WIRES TO THE SWI
TCH :.... +--
-+.. TO A CONVENIENT GROUND--+-O | B
ACK VIEW OF SWITCH.. +
--------+-O | WHEN HELD AS SHOWN, UP=PA
L, DOWN=NTSC... |
| O |.. | +-
--+.. UNINSULATED --> | | <-- THIS SIDE
IS INSULATED.. \-/ <-- F
OLD THE WIRE THRU 180 DEGREES....3. INSE
RT THE NEW AGNUS. IF INSTALLING THE SWIT
CH, YOU SHOULD NOW POKE THE..LOOSE END O
F WIRE (SEE ABOVE) FROM THE SWITCH INTO
PIN 41 OF THE SOCKET SO..THAT THE BARE C
OPPER SIDE TOUCHES THE PIN ON THE CHIP A
ND THE INSULATED SIDE..TOUCHES THE PIN O
N THE SOCKET. IN ORDER TO FIT THE WIRE D
OWN THE HOLE YOU MAY..FIND IT NECESSARY
TO BEND OUT OR REMOVE ENTIRELY [NOT RECO
MMENDED !] THE PIN..ON THE SOCKET. SECUR
E THE WIRE WITH A TINY DROP OF CYANOACRY
LATE ADHESIVE.....4. IF YOU WISH TO INST
ALL A MEMORY MODE SWITCH, GO TO STEP 5.
OTHERWISE,..LOCATE JP2 (BETWEEN 68000 AN
D ROM). THIS CONSISTS OF THREE PADS. THE
CENTER..AND LOWER PADS ARE JOINED BY A
THIN TRACK. CUT THIS TRACK AND PLACE A D
ROP OF..SOLDER BETWEEN THE CENTER AND UP
PER PADS. NOW LOCATE THE _EXRAM LINE COM
ING..FROM THE A501 PORT (IT COMES FROM P
IN #32 AND RUNS ON THE UPPER SIDE OF THE
..MOTHERBOARD PARALLEL TO THE A501 CONNE
CTOR). CUT THIS LINE. YOU HAVE NOW..COMP
LETED THE INSTALLATION PROCEDURE.....5.
COMPLICATED. LOCATE JP2 AND CUT THE TRAC
K WHICH JOINS THE CENTER AND LOWER..PADS
. LOCATE THE _EXRAM LINE FROM THE A501 P
ORT (SEE STEP 4) AND CUT THE..TRACK. SOL
DER WIRES TO ALL THREE PADS OF JP2 AND O
NE WIRE TO EITHER SIDE OF..THE GAP YOU C
UT IN THE _EXRAM TRACK. WIRE A DPDT SWIT
CH AS FOLLOWS :.... +-
----+ BACK VIEW OF SWITCH..UPPER PAD OF
JP2 --+-O O | WHEN HELD AS SHOWN, UP=5
12K CHIP, DOWN=1M CHIP..CENTER PAD OF JP
2 -+-O O-+- TO ONE SIDE OF THE GAP IN TH
E _EXRAM TRACK..LOWER PAD OF JP2 --+-O O
-+- TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE GAP..
+-----+..YOU HAVE NOW COMPL
ETED THE INSTALLATION PROCEDURE.....IV-6
. INSTALLING THE 8372A TO REVISION 6A A5
00'S..----------------------------------
--------------..1. REMOVE THE 8371 FROM
ITS SOCKET. INSERT THE NEW 8372A. NTSC U
SERS WHO DO..NOT WISH TO USE THE PAL MOD
E SHOULD GO TO STEP 3. WHEN INSTALLING T
HE NEW..AGNUS, NOTE THAT ON THE 6A BOARD
, THE AGNUS SOCKET HAS BEEN ROTATED 90 D
EGREES..ANTI-CLOCKWISE FROM THE ORIENTAT
ION ON THE REVISION 5 BOARD. FOR THIS RE
ASON,..PLUGGING IN THE AGNUS CORRECTLY I
S NO LONGER AN INTUITIVE OPERATION !..2.
JP4 CONTROLS PAL/NTSC VIDEO MODE. IF YO
U ARE IN NORTH AMERICA OR HONG KONG..OR
ANYWHERE ELSE THE NATIONAL TELEVISION ST
ANDARDS COMMITTEE TV FORMAT IS..USED, TH
IS SHOULD BE BRIDGED BY A TRACK OR A BLO
B OF SOLDER. IF YOU ARE IN..AUSTRALIA, E
UROPE OR ANYWHERE ELSE THE PHASE-ALTERNA
TED LINESCAN TV FORMAT IS..USED, THIS JU
MPER SHOULD BE CUT OPEN. IF YOU WISH TO
INSTALL A SWITCH, THEN..SIMPLY CONNECT I
T ACROSS THE TWO PADS OF THE JUMPER...3.
CUT THE TRACK JOINING THE CENTER AND UP
PER PADS OF JP2, AND THE TRACK..JOINING
THE CENTER AND UPPER PADS OF JP7A. (JP2
IS BETWEEN THE CPU AND THE ROM..AND JP7A
IS JUST TO THE LEFT OF THE A501 CONNECT
OR). IF YOU WISH TO INSTALL A..MEMORY SW
ITCH, PROCEED TO STEP 4 OTHERWISE SOLDER
THE CENTER AND LOWER PADS OF..JP2 TOGET
HER. YOU HAVE NOW COMPLETED THE INSTALLA
TION PROCEDURE...4. CONNECT A DPDT SWITC
H AS FOLLOWS :.... +--
---+ BACK VIEW OF SWITCH..UPPER PAD OF
JP2 --+-O O | WHEN HELD AS SHOWN, UP=51
2K CHIP, DOWN=1M CHIP..CENTER PAD OF JP2
-+-O O-+-- CENTER PAD OF JP7A..LOWER PA
D OF JP2 --+-O O-+-- UPPER PAD OF JP7A..
+-----+..YOU HAVE NOW
COMPLETED THE INSTALLATION PROCEDURE...
..V. IS MY JUMPER ON THE LINE ?..------
------------------------..NUMBER REV5 ?
REV6A ? FUNCTION..--------------------
----------------------------------------
-------------------..JP1 YES YES
CONNECTS RESET TIMER (NE555) TO MAI
N RESET..JP2 YES YES MAPS A5
01 AT $C00000 OR $80000..JP3 YES
YES SWAPS _CAS OF RAM BANKS (OF USE
FOR TEST PURPOSES)..JP4 NO YES
8371 AGNUS : TEST LINE [SOLDER CLO
SED !!].. 8372A A
GNUS : PAL/NTSC VIDEO MODE SELECT..JP5
NO YES 28MHZ BASE CLOCK TO A
GNUS..JP6 NO YES 7MHZ CLOCK
ON PIN 7 OF EXPANSION CONNECTOR..JP7A
NO YES CONTROLS _EXRAM TO GAR
Y..JP7B NO YES CIA TICK FROM
VSYNC OR PIN 32 OF A501 (DEFAULT VSYNC)
..JP8 NO YES LPEN FROM FIRE
0 OR FIRE1..JP9 NO NO ???
A NON-EXISTENT JUMPER. FUTURE REV. 7 ???
..JP10A NO YES CONNECTS AUDIN
TO PIN 18 OF SERIAL PORT..JP10B NO
YES CONNECTS AUDOUT TO PIN 11 OF
RS232 PORT..JP11 NO YES CONN
ECTS CSYNC TO BCSYNC OR VIDEO HYBRID..--
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------------..N
B: THESE ARE A500 JUMPERS ONLY. A2000, 2
500, 3000 HAVE DIFFERENT JUMPER..ASSIGNM
ENTS. THE 1000 *MAY* HAVE SIMILAR SETTIN
GS BUT I CANNOT GUARANTEE THIS.....VI. H
OL(E)Y, HOL(E)Y, HOL(E)Y..--------------
---------------..OWNERS OF REV. 6A A500'
S WILL NOTICE THAT THEY ONLY HAVE 4 RAM
CHIPS AS..OPPOSED TO THE 16 IN THE REV.
5 AND EARLIER MACHINES. THEY WILL ALSO N
OTE THAT..IN BETWEEN THE RAM CHIPS ARE E
MPTY SETS OF HOLES WHICH LOOK LIKE SOMET
HING..OUGHT TO GO INTO THEM... FI
RSTLY, FEAR NOT - THE REASON YOU HAVE A
QUARTER THE NUMBER OF RAM..CHIPS AS OLDE
R MACHINES IS THAT THE 6A USES 44256 4-B
IT X 256K CHIPS WHICH ARE..FOUR TIMES AS
LARGE AS THE 41256 1-BIT X 256K CHIPS U
SED IN THE 5 AND EARLIER..REVISIONS. ALL
THE MODERN AMIGA MEMORY HARDWARE (EXCEP
T POSSIBLY THE A501)..USES THESE LARGER
CHIPS BECAUSE THEY ARE SLIGHTLY CHEAPER
ON A DOLLAR-PER-..MEGABYTE BASIS. FOR EX
AMPLE, THE OLDER SERIES I A590 HARD DRIV
ES USE THE..41256, AND THEY WILL ACCEPT
UP TO 2MB. THE NEW SERIES II A590'S USE
THE 44256..(AND CONSEQUENTLY HAVE ENOUGH
SPACE TO FIT 8MB OF RAM)... BUT,
BACK TO THOSE EXTRA HOLES. THEY ARE IND
EED DESIGNED TO ACCEPT..SOMETHING; VIZ,
ANOTHER SET OF FOUR 44256'S TO TAKE YOUR
MACHINE UP TO 1MB..WITHOUT HAVING TO BU
Y AN A501 OR OTHER EXPANDER (THIS IS PAR
TICULARLY USEFUL..IF YOU HAVE A MEMORY E
XPANSION WHICH USES THE A501 SLOT, AND Y
OU WANT TO HAVE..1MB CHIP-RAM). IF YOU W
ANT TO INSTALL YOUR OWN RAM THERE, YOU S
HOULD DO AS..FOLLOWS : PURCHASE FOUR 20-
PIN IC SOCKETS (PREFERABLY MACHINED-PIN)
. MAKE SURE..YOU HAVE A SOLDER-SNIFFER.
NOW LOOK AT THOSE HOLES AND YOU WILL SEE
THAT THEY..ARE CLOGGED BY SOLDER (THIS
IS DUE TO THE WAY THE BOARDS ARE SOLDERE
D; THE..PROCESS COVERS ALL EXPOSED COPPE
R AREAS WITH SOLDER). YOU MUST CLEAN THI
S..SOLDER OUT BY HEATING THE BOARD FROM
ONE SIDE AND SNIFFING THE SOLDER OUT ON.
.THE OTHER (OR BLOWING THE SOLDER THROUG
H; IF YOU CHOOSE THIS METHOD, MAKE SURE.
.TO REMOVE ALL THE LITTLE SPLASHES OF SO
LDER FROM THE BOARD AND YOUR LAP). WHEN.
.YOU HAVE CLEANED OUT ALL THE HOLES, SOL
DER IN THE SOCKETS. NOW PLUG IN FOUR..44
256 CHIPS AND YOU HAVE 1MB OF MEMORY FOR
SLIGHTLY LESS THAN THE COST OF AN..A501
(IN AUSTRALIA, THE DIFFERENCE IS ROUGHL
Y A$20)... WITH RESPECT TO THE SP
EED OF RAM CHIPS REQUIRED, I USE 150NS C
HIPS..WITH NO PROBLEMS AT ALL; HOWEVER,
I SUSPECT THAT COMMODORE WOULD RECOMMEND
..100NS DEVICES. THE PRICE DIFFERENCE IS
MINIMAL SO YOU MAY AS WELL BUY 100NS..C
HIPS SO THAT IF YOU EVER BUY A SERIES II
A590, YOU CAN SHIFT THE CHIPS OVER..AND
HAVE 100%-GUARANTEED-NOT-TO-OVERHEAT FA
ST-RAM.....VII. 1MB OF MOTHERBOARD MEMOR
Y ON THE REV. 5..-----------------------
---------------------..IT IS POSSIBLE TO
INSTALL 1MB OF RAM ONTO THE REVISION 5
MOTHERBOARD. HOWEVER,..THIS MODIFICATION
IS FLAKY AT BEST AND I CANNOT RECOMMEND
IT (HAVING TRIED IT..IN A MOMENT OF SHE
ER BOREDOM). ALSO NOTE THAT I COULD *NOT
* GET THIS EXTRA..MEMORY TO BE MAPPED AT
$C00000 (THE COMPUTER WOULD ONLY RECOGN
ISE IT IF I HAD..JP2 SET TO MAP THE A501
AT $80000); WHICH MEANS THAT IT IS ONLY
OF POTENTIAL..INTEREST TO OWNERS OF THE
1MB AGNUS. (THIS FAILURE TO WORK AS $C0
RAM MAY WELL..HAVE BEEN DUE TO SOME STU
PID OMISSION ON MY PART)... I WIL
L DELIBERATELY BE VAGUE BECAUSE THIS IS
NOT A TRIVIAL..MODIFICATION. IF YOU ARE
UNABLE TO WORK OUT WHAT TO DO WITH CONFI
DENCE, YOU DO..NOT HAVE ENOUGH KNOWLEDGE
TO PERFORM THE MOD... THE PROCED
URE CAN BE SUMMARISED AS FOLLOWS: TAKE S
IXTEEN 41256 RAM..CHIPS (FOR SPEED INFOR
MATION, SEE THE END OF SUBSECTION VI. AB
OVE). BEND THE..REFRESH ADDRESS STROBE P
INS (_RAS, PIN 4) ON ALL THE CHIPS UP AN
D OVER SO THAT..IT IS WELL CLEAR OF THE
OTHER PINS AND EASILY ACCESSIBLE FROM TH
E TOP OF THE..CHIP. BEND IN ALL THE OTHE
R PINS A LITTLE. NOW, PIGGYBACK THE NEW
CHIPS ON TOP..OF THE EXISTING RAM, MAKIN
G SURE TO INSTALL THEM IN THE SAME ORIEN
TATION AS..THE ORIGINAL CHIPS. IT IS NOT
POSSIBLE TO REACH ALL THE PINS TO SOLDE
R THEM,..SO YOU WILL HAVE TO CONTENT YOU
RSELF WITH ONLY SOLDERING THE CORNER PIN
S...SOLDER WIRES FROM THE BENT-UP _RAS P
INS TO PIN #38 OF THE A501 PORT (OR ANY.
.CONVENIENT TAKE-OFF POINT OF THIS SIGNA
L). YOU SHOULD NOW HAVE 1MB OF RAM. (IF.
.YOU WANT TO TRY USING IT AS $C00000 RAM
, YOU SHOULD GROUND THE _EXRAM PIN, PIN.
.#32, OF THE A501 PORT. I HAD NO SUCCESS
WITH THIS). THIS MOD SOUNDS ALL VERY..W
ELL, BUT IN THE CURRENT CLIMATE IT MAY B
E SLIGHTLY CHEAPER TO BUY A..SECONDHAND
A501 THAN TO BUY 41256 CHIPS. IN ADDITIO
N, DUE TO THE PRECARIOUS..HOLD THE PIGGY
BACKED CHIPS HAVE ON THE ORIGINALS (BECA
USE THERE ISN'T ENOUGH..ROOM TO SOLDER A
LL OF THE PINS DOWN), THE MOD IS SENSITI
VE TO SHOCK; IF YOU..TAP THE TABLE, YOU
CAN SOMETIMES GURU THE MACHINE. FOR THIS
REASON, THIS IS A.."POSSIBLE BUT ILL-AD
VISED" MODIFICATION.....VIII. DOUBLE TRO
UBLE..--------------------..THE HACK TO
ACCELERATE YOUR AMIGA TO 14MHZ HAS BEEN
PUBLISHED IN COUNTLESS..ARTICLES, BUT I
MAY AS WELL INCLUDE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION
OF IT HERE. THE HACK..INVOLVES REMOVING
THE ORIGINAL 68000 FROM YOUR AMIGA AND S
UBSTITUTING A..VERSION RATED AT 16MHZ (C
ONFUSINGLY CALLED THE 68000P-12; THE MOT
OROLA CHIPS..HAVE "16MHZ" STAMPED ON THE
M, BUT THE SGS-THOMPSON CLONES DO NOT).
THE CLOCK..PIN IS BENT OUT AND SOLDERED
TO THE OUTPUT OF A DIVIDE-BY-2 COUNTER W
HOSE..INPUT IS CONNECTED TO THE BASE 28M
HZ CLOCK. THIS MODIFICATION SHOULD BE..I
NSTALLED WITH A SWITCH !! IF NOT, YOU WI
LL (NOT MAY) FIND THAT SOME GAMES..WILL
REFUSE TO LOAD BECAUSE THEY USE TIMING-D
EPENDENT LOADERS... ASIDE FROM TH
E PROBLEM MENTIONED ABOVE, THE ONLY COMP
ATIBILITY..DOWN-SIDE TO THIS MODIFICATIO
N IS THAT SOME FLOPPY DRIVES WILL NOT HA
NDLE THE..INCREASED STEP RATE. IF YOU FI
ND THAT YOUR DRIVES GIVE READ/WRITE ERRO
RS AT..THE HIGH SPEED, YOU CAN EITHER RE
PLACE THEM OR RUN A PROGRAM CALLED "DFDE
LAY"..TO SLOW DOWN THE STEP RATE. (IF DF
0: WILL NOT WORK, YOU HAVE A PROBLEM. TR
Y..SWAPPING DF1: FOR DF0: - TO DO WHICH
YOU WILL NEED A COMMODORE DF1:. THE..MEC
HANISMS USED IN THE OLD A1010 DRIVES ARE
EXTREMELY RELIABLE AND MUCH..QUIETER TH
AN THE NEW RUBBISHY THINGS; IF YOU HAVE
AN A1010, YOU CAN BE FAIRLY..CERTAIN THA
T IT WILL SUPPORT THE NEW SPEED)...
TO PERFORM THE MOD, REMOVE YOUR OLD 6
8000 AND EMBED IT IN A PERSPEX..BLOCK FO
R FUTURE REFERENCE. NOW RIG HALF OF A 74
S74 DUAL D BISTABLE AS A..DIVIDE-BY-2 CO
UNTER. CONNECT THE INPUT OF THIS TO A CO
NVENIENT TAKE-OFF POINT..OF THE 28MHZ CL
OCK LINE ON THE MOTHERBOARD (I USE PIN #
34 OF AGNUS, BUT..ANYWHERE WILL DO). NOW
BEND OUT PIN 15 OF THE NEW CPU AND SOLD
ER A WIRE TO..THIS PIN. TAKE A PIECE OF
STIFF TELEPHONE WIRE, STRIP APPROX. 5MM
OF..INSULATION FROM ONE END, AND STICK T
HIS END DOWN PIN 15 OF THE 68000 SOCKET.
..INSERT THE NEW CPU IN THE SOCKET AND V
ERIFY THAT PIN 15 IS WELL CLEAR OF THE..
WIRE IN THE SOCKET. NOW WIRE A SPDT SWIT
CH AS FOLLOWS :....
BACK VIEW..
+---+ WH
EN HELD AS SHOWN UP=7.14MHZ,.. TO OUTP
UT OF DIVIDE-BY-2 COUNTER -+-O | DOWN=1
4.28MHZ.. TO PIN 15 OF 6
8000 -+-O |.. TO WIRE IN PIN 15 OF 6800
0 SOCKET -+-O |..
+---+....THE 74S74 SHOULD
BE MOUNTED SOMEWHERE CONVENIENT; I BREAK
OFF ALL THE UNUSED..PINS, BEND THE REMA
INING PINS OUT, AND STICK THE CHIP ON TO
P OF ONE OF THE..DATA PATH IC'S; THIS HA
S THE ADVANTAGE OF ALLOWING ME TO TAKE P
OWER DIRECTLY..OFF THE EXISTING COMPONEN
TS RATHER THAN STRINGING YET ANOTHER PAI
R OF WIRES..THROUGH THE MACHINE...
IF YOU ONLY HAVE CHIP AND/OR SLOW MEMO
RY (SEE SUBSUBSECTION IV-2.)..THEN YOUR
MACHINE WILL RUN AT APPROXIMATELY 150% N
ORMAL SPEED (ON..CPU-INTENSIVE OPERATION
S; DMA RATES WILL BE UNCHANGED). IF YOU
HAVE TRUE..FAST-RAM THEN CODE RUNNING FR
OM FAST-RAM WILL EXECUTE AT CLOSE TO 200
% OF..NORMAL SPEED. TRY PLACING A LARGE
PERPECTIVE BRUSH WITH ANTI-ALIASING HIGH
..IN DELUXEPAINT III (OR IV !) AND YOU W
ILL SEE THE SPEED INCREASE.....IX. THE N
UMBERS GAME..--------------------..THIS
IS HOW PLCC CHIPS ARE NUMBERED (USING AG
NUS AS AN EXAMPLE) :....
1 1 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7
7.. 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5.. BEVELED CORNER |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |.
. /------------------------
-------------------|.. 12 -|
O
|- 74.. 13 -|
|- 73..
14 -|
|- 72.. 15 -|
|- 71
.. 16 -|
|- 70.. 17 -
|
|- 69.. 18 -|
|- 68..
19 -|
|- 67.. 20 -|
8372A
|- 66.. 21 -|
|- 65..
22 -|
|- 64.. 23 -|
TOP VIEW |- 63
.. 24 -|
|- 62.. 25 -
|
|- 61.. 26 -|
|- 60..
27 -|
|- 59.. 28 -|
|- 58.. 29 -|
|- 57..
30 -|
|- 56.. 31 -|
|- 55
.. 32 -|
|- 54..
|_______________________________________
_____|.. | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |..
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
5 5.. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3....X. A CHANGE O
F FACE..-------------------..INSTALLING
THE ECS DENISE IS SIMPLICITY ITSELF. SIM
PLY REMOVE THE OLD DENISE..AND PLUG THE
NEW ONE STRAIGHT IN. NOTE THAT TO USE TH
E NEW VIDEO MODES, YOU..REQUIRE THE 1MB
AGNUS (NOT NECESSARILY IN 1MB CHIP-RAM M
ODE, THOUGH). BY..INSTALLING THE NEW DEN
ISE, YOU ALSO ELIMINATE THE ANNOYING VID
EO GLITCHES..WHICH OCCUR IN NTSC MODE WH
EN USING THE NEW AGNUS WITH THE OLD DENI
SE.....XI. SNAP, CRACKLE AND POP..------
-------------------..[FOR NON-AUSTRALIAN
S, THE ABOVE IS THE SLOGAN A LOCAL CEREA
L COMPANY USES TO..ADVERTISE A TASTELESS
SOGGY MESS CALLED RICE BUBBLES]...
SYMPTOM : YOUR MONITOR PRODUCES SNAPP
ING OR POPPING NOISES, AND..SOMETIMES GO
ES UNACCOUNTABLY BLANK AFTER BEING SWITC
HED ON FOR A WHILE... I HAVE NO I
DEA WHY THIS PROBLEM SEEMS TO AFFECT COM
MODORE MONITORS SO..BADLY. IT IS CAUSED
BY ARCING OF THE EHT RAIL (AROUND 14KV,
FROM MEMORY) TO..LOWER-VOLTAGE AREAS OF
THE SET. INITIAL TREATMENT IS TO TURN OF
F THE MONITOR,..LEAVE IT FOR A COUPLE OF
DAYS (TO ALLOW CAPACITORS TO DISCHARGE)
, AND THEN TO..REMOVE EVERY LAST SPECK O
F DUST FROM THE INSIDE. THIS USUALLY WOR
KS... IF IT DOES NOT, HOWEVER, ST
ERNER MEASURES ARE CALLED FOR. OPEN YOUR
..MONITOR AND (HERE COMES THE DANGEROUS
PART) LEAVE IT RUNNING, OPEN, FOR A FEW.
.HOURS. IF YOU ACTIVELY WORK AGAINST MUR
PHY'S LAW BY WATCHING IT FROM BEHIND..SO
METHING OR INSIDE SOMETHING, WHERE THE M
ONITOR CAN'T SEE YOU, YOU MAY..EVENTUALL
Y BE LUCKY ENOUGH TO ACTUALLY CATCH IT I
N THE ACT OF ARCING. MARK THE..PLACE WIT
H A SPIRIT PEN AND SPRAY ON SOME ANTI-GA
USSING COMPOUND. (THIS STUFF..HAS A VERY
HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AND HENCE HELP
S TO PREVENT ARCS).....XII. YO HO HO AND
A PACKET OF DISKS..--------------------
---------------..I SOMETIMES DESCRIBE A-
MAX AS THE ONLY USEFUL PRODUCTIVITY TOOL
FOR THE AMIGA;..MAC OWNERS WILL AGREE W
ITH ME WHEN I SAY THAT MACINTOSH APPLICA
TIONS ARE..INCOMPARABLY BETTER THAN THEI
R AMIGA COUNTERPARTS. HOWEVER, DUE TO SU
PPRESSION..OF THE SOURCE OF 128K ROMS BY
A CERTAIN COMPUTER MEGA-CORPORATION NAM
ED AFTER..A PIECE OF DEAD PLANT, THE FUT
URE OF THIS MARVELLOUS PRODUCT LOOKS SLI
GHTLY..LESS CERTAIN THAN MELBOURNE HOSTI
NG THE 1996 OLYMPIC GAMES (GRIN)...
THERE EXISTS A SOFTWARE PATCH WHICH W
ILL ALLOW YOU TO [ILLEGALLY] RUN..THE EM
ULATOR USING A ROM IMAGE FILE ON DISK; H
OWEVER, IF YOU WISH TO USE A MAC..DRIVE
WITH THE A-MAX CARTRIDGE, YOU MUST HAVE
ROMS OR EPROMS IN THE ROM..SOCKETS. PROB
LEM ? NO. SIMPLY INSERT TWO BLANK 27512
64K X 8 EPROMS IN THE ROM..SOCKETS.....N
B: THE ABOVE PROCEDURE IS WHOLLY ILLEGAL
AND THE AUTHOR IS NOT EXPLICITLY..CONDO
NING NOR ADVOCATING THE PRACTISE. I PERS
ONALLY OWN ORIGINAL APPLE 128K..ROMS (PU
RCHASED BEFORE THE GREAT ROM DROUGHT). T
HE ABOVE INFORMATION IS..SUPPLIED FOR IN
TEREST'S SAKE ONLY.....
-=<* THE 80X86-BASED PC/XT/AT-COMPATIBLE
*>=-....I. TOOLS OF THE TRADE..--------
-------------..SINCE I COME ACROSS MANY
CARDS AND PERIPHERALS OF DOUBTFUL FUNCTI
ONALITY, I..HAVE INVESTED IN A 10MHZ 286
MOTHERBOARD WITH JUST ENOUGH RAM TO GET
STARTED,..PLUS A $20 HERCULES CARD TO R
UN DIAGNOSTIC PROGRAMS. THIS IS MOUNTED
IN AN..ANCIENT XT CASING, WITH AN EQUALL
Y ANCIENT 150W POWER SUPPLY. THE TOTAL C
OST..OF THIS SYSTEM WAS ABOUT $150, AND
IT ALLOWS ME TO TEST ALL XT AND AT CARDS
..(NOT EISA CARDS, BUT THEN I HAVE NO EI
SA-BUSS MACHINES ANYWAY !), DRIVES AND..
SO ON. IF YOU EXPECT TO BE BUYING/SELLIN
G MANY SECONDHAND CARDS, DRIVES, SIPPS..
AND SO ON, I HEARTILY RECOMMEND BUYING S
UCH A SYSTEM, UNLESS YOU ARE GAME..ENOUG
H TO RISK YOUR "REAL" SYSTEM BY PUTTING
POSSIBLY DEFECTIVE CARDS IN IT.....II. T
HE HEAT IS ON..------------------..IN MA
NY CLONE MACHINES, PARTICULARLY 16MHZ OR
FASTER 286'S WHICH USE THE AMD..80286 R
ATHER THAN THE INTEL ORIGINAL, THE CPU B
ECOMES EXTREMELY WARM, TOO HOT..TO TOUCH
WITH THE HAND. FOR EXAMPLE, I HAVE A 16
MHZ ACER MOTHERBOARD WHICH..USES AN AMD
80286-16 PROCESSOR, AND AFTER 25 MINUTES
OF OPERATION AT TURBO..SPEED, THE PROCE
SSOR IS FAR TOO HOT TO BE TOUCHED FOR MO
RE THAN HALF A SECOND...THIS KIND OF HEA
TING IS UNDESIRABLE IN THAT IT SHORTENS
THE CHIP LIFE AND,..MORE IMPORTANTLY, MA
Y LEAD TO SUDDEN CRASHES IF THE CHIP UND
ERGOES THERMAL..SHUTDOWN. (THE SO-CALLED
XT-286'S, XT-CLASS MACHINES WITH 80286
PROCESSORS,..ARE VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO THI
S PROBLEM). IF YOUR MACHINE HAS THIS UND
ESIRABLE..PROPERTY, YOU SHOULD CONSIDER
ATTACHING SOME SORT OF HEATSINK TO THE C
PU. AN..EXTRA FAN IN THE CASING IS ALSO
AN OPTION, THOUGH I FIND THEM TO BE RELA
TIVELY..INEFFECTIVE FOR THIS TASK...
YOU CAN ALSO TRY REPLACING THE CPU W
ITH AN ORIGINAL INTEL CHIP. FOR..SOME RE
ASON, THE INTEL LINE STAYS A LOT COOLER
THAN THE AMD LINE IN GENERAL.....III. SU
DDEN DEATH..-----------------..SCENARIO
: YOU ARE WORKING ON AN IMPORTANT DOCUME
NT UNDER AN OPERATING SYSTEM..KNOWN TO B
E BUG-FREE (AREN'T FAIRY-TALES WONDERFUL
?). YOU LEAVE THE KEYBOARD..TO TAKE YOU
R TEN-MINUTES-PER-HOUR ANTI-RSI COFFEE B
REAK. YOU RETURN (HAVING..NEGLECTED TO S
AVE YOUR WORK), YOU PRESS A FEW KEYS...
AND NOTHING HAPPENS...YOUR DOCUMENT IS T
HERE ON THE SCREEN, BUT THE PROGRAM HAS
HALTED... THE ABOVE IS QUITE OFTE
N CAUSED BY OVERHEATING PROBLEMS (SEE..S
UBSECTION II). IT IS ALSO SOMETIMES CAUS
ED BY DIRTY OR OTHERWISE IMPERFECT..CONN
ECTIONS BETWEEN CARDS OR CHIPS AND THEIR
SOCKETS. IF YOUR MACHINE IS MORE..THAN
2 YEARS OLD, IT MAY WELL BE THAT YOUR SO
CKETS ARE BECOMING DIRTY. (AN..INTERESTI
NG ANECDOTE SPRINGS TO MIND ABOUT A SMAL
L LAN OF XT-CLASS MACHINES,..ALL OF WHIC
H SEEMED TO FAIL SIMULTANEOUSLY. IT TURN
ED OUT THAT THE NETWORK..CARDS USED SING
LE-WIPE SOCKETS WHICH DEGRADED MUCH FAST
ER THAN THE DUAL-WIPE..SOCKETS USED ON T
HE MOTHERBOARDS, AND OCCASIONALLY THE FI
LESERVER WOULD START..TO SEND OUT A PACK
ET, BUT WOULD ONLY MANAGE TO SEND PART O
F THE HEADER BEFORE..THE FAULTY NETWORK
CARD CORRUPTED THE TRANSFER. BECAUSE OF
A "FEATURE" IN THE..NETWORK SOFTWARE, AL
L THE MACHINES ON THE LAN STOPPED OPERAT
IONS WHILE WAITING..FOR AN ID SEQUENCE T
O INDICATE THE MACHINE THE CORRUPTED PAC
KET WAS DESTINED..FOR. THIS LOOKED EXACT
LY LIKE A SIMULTANEOUS CRASH ON TWENTY M
ACHINES AND HAD..THE SERVICEPERSON (ERM,
ME) PUZZLED FOR QUITE A FEW DAYS)...
THE IMMEDIATE CURE FOR THIS SORT OF
PROBLEM IS TO PULL OUT ALL YOUR..CARDS,
CLEAN THE CONNECTORS WITH AN INK ERASER
(PENCIL ERASERS ARE NOT..ABRASIVE ENOUG
H), REMOVE THE FRAGMENTS OF ERASER AND R
EINSERT THE CARDS. YOU..CAN ALSO PUSH DO
WN ON ALL THE SOCKETED CHIPS TO RESEAT T
HEM... OH YES. THE ABOVE PROBLEM
CAN ALSO BE CAUSED BY VIRUSES. USE MCAFE
E..ASSOCIATES' SCAN (AND IF NECESSARY CL
EAN) PROGRAMS TO DETECT AND KILL THESE..
...IV. OVERWORKED FPU'S..---------------
-----..DUE TO THE LARGE PRICE DISCREPANC
Y BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT SPEED RATINGS OF
..FLOATING-POINT COPROCESSORS, THERE IS
A STRONG TEMPTATION TO BUY (SAY) A 25MHZ
..387 FOR YOUR 33MHZ 386. THE CHANCES AR
E GOOD THAT SUCH AN ARRANGEMENT WILL IN.
.FACT WORK, HOWEVER NOTE THAT THE POWER
DISSIPATION OF THE FPU WILL BE..INCREASE
D. IN SIMPLE TERMS, IT WILL GET HOT. FOR
THIS REASON, YOU SHOULD..ALWAYS LOOK FO
R CERAMIC-BODIED CHIPS, SINCE THEY CAN D
ISSIPATE MUCH MORE HEAT..THAN PLASTIC-BO
DIED DEVICES. AND WHENEVER POSSIBLE, RUN
IN NON-TURBO MODE.....V. HOT-RODDING, A
CROSS THE UNIVERSE..--------------------
---------------..IT IS RELATIVELY COMMON
KNOWLEDGE NOWADAYS THAT IT IS QUITE POS
SIBLE TO..HOT-ROD A 16MHZ MACHINE TO 20M
HZ OR A 33MHZ MACHINE TO 40-50MHZ. THIS.
.NATURALLY CARRIES WITH IT THE SAME OVER
HEATING PROBLEMS MENTIONED IN..SUBSECTIO
N IV ABOVE. HOWEVER, IF YOU ARE DETERMIN
ED TO UNDERTAKE SUCH A..MODIFICATION, TH
ERE ARE A COUPLE OF PIECES OF INFORMATIO
N YOU MAY FIND USEFUL:..- FOR 80286 AND
80386 MACHINES, YOU WILL NEED A CRYSTAL
OR OSCILLATOR CAN..(MAKE SURE YOU KNOW W
HICH YOU NEED) WHICH IS TWICE THE FREQUE
NCY YOU WANT YOUR..MACHINE TO RUN AT...-
THE CRYSTAL TO REPLACE IS THE ONE RATED
AT TWICE THE LISTED SPEED OF YOUR..MOTH
ERBOARD (IE ON A 16MHZ BOARD, THERE WILL
BE A 32MHZ CRYSTAL). DO NOT BE..LED AST
RAY BY THE I/O CLOCK CRYSTAL(S) !..- IT
IS GOOD PRACTICE TO PLACE A SOCKET ON TH
E MOTHERBOARD WHERE YOU REMOVED..THE OLD
CRYSTAL, SO THAT IF YOU EVER HAVE TO SE
LL YOUR MACHINE YOU CAN POP IN..THE ORIG
INAL SPEED OF CRYSTAL AND COVER UP YOUR
TRACKS... NOTE THAT I HAVE NEVER
PERFORMED THIS TYPE OF ENHANCEMENT TO 80
386..MACHINES; HOWEVER, THIS DOCUMENT IS
BEING TYPED ON AN 80286 WHICH I HOT-ROD
DED..FROM 12MHZ TO 16MHZ.....VI. HACKED
RESET SWITCHES..------------------------
-..MOST 286/386/486 MOTHERBOARDS (ALL I
HAVE EVER SEEN) COME WITH A RESET SWITCH
..CONNECTION BUILT-IN; MANY XT MOTHERBOA
RDS DO NOT. CONSEQUENTLY THERE HAVE BEEN
..A NUMBER OF POSTINGS TO USENET DESCRIB
ING HOW TO ADD A PUSHBUTTON TO THE.._RES
ET LINE OF THE CPU. I FIND IT RATHER AMU
SING THAT SEVERAL SUCH FOUNTS OF..WISDOM
ADVISE THE INSTALLATION OF A PULLUP RES
ISTOR "TO MAKE SURE THE LINE..GOES HIGH
AGAIN AFTER THE BUTTON IS RELEASED". INT
ERESTING. DOES THIS MEAN..THAT WHEN YOU
TURN ON YOUR MACHINE, YOU ONLY HAVE A 50
/50 CHANCE THAT THE.._RESET LINE WILL BE
HIGH ENOUGH TO LET THE CPU START ? OF C
OURSE NOT. THE..DESIGNERS ALREADY PUT IN
A PULLUP RESISTOR, SO THERE IS ABSOLUTE
LY NO NEED TO..PUT IN ANOTHER ONE. JUST
CONNECT A NORMALLY OPEN PUSHBUTTON BETWE
EN THE _RESET..PIN OF THE CPU AND ANY CO
NVENIENT SIGNAL GROUND.....VII. TEARING
YOUR HAIR..----------------------..SCENA
RIO : YOUR FAVORITE MACHINE, WITH SOUNDB
LASTER, LAN, VGA, HERCULES, VOICE..MASTE
R, TWO SERIAL AND ONE MULTI I/O CARDS GO
ES DOWN. YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE TO..START.
.. THE FIRST THING TO DO IN SUCH
CASES IS TO REMOVE EVERY CARD EXCEPT THE
..DISPLAY ADAPTOR AND THE FLOPPY CONTROL
LER (IF THIS IS INTEGRATED WITH THE HARD
..DISK CONTROLLER THEN BOTH WILL HAVE TO
STAY). YOU SHOULD NOW SIMPLY KEEP..ADDI
NG CARDS UNTIL THE MACHINE NO LONGER STA
RTS UP (ASSUMING IT STARTS UP IN..ITS MI
NIMAL CONFIGURATION). WHILST THIS MAY SO
UND OBVIOUS, YOU WOULD BE AMAZED..BY THE
NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO LEAVE ALL THEIR CA
RDS IN AND JUST POKE ABOUT WITH..THE JUM
PER SETTINGS.....VIII. MIX AND MATCH..--
-----------------..IT IS OFTEN VERY CONV
ENIENT TO HAVE TWO MONITORS CONNECTED TO
THE ONE MACHINE...(I HAVE BOTH VGA AND
HERCULES CARDS IN MY "USEFUL" MACHINES).
HOWEVER, NOT ALL..DISPLAY ADAPTERS CAN
BE MIXED TOGETHER IN THE ONE MACHINE (DU
E TO MEMORY..CONFLICTS). BELOW IS A TABL
E OF THE ALLOWABLE CONFIGURATIONS; A STA
R INDICATES.."ALLOWABLE" AND A PERIOD (F
ULL STOP) INDICATES AN ILLEGAL COMBINATI
ON..... WITH MDA
CGA EGA MCGA VGA..
MDA . * * * *..
CGA * . * .
... EGA *
* . . ...
MCGA * . . . ...
VGA * . . .
.....FOR THE PURPOSES OF DISPLAY MIXI
NG, AN MDA (MONO 80X25 TEXT ONLY) IS IDE
NTICAL..TO A HERCULES GRAPHICS CARD (720
X348 MONO GRAPHICS). NOTE THAT IF YOU HA
VE A..VGA CARD AS ONE OF YOUR DISPLAYS (
THE MOST COMMON CONFIGURATION IS VGA + M
DA..OR HERCULES), YOUR VGA CARD WILL NO
LONGER BE ABLE TO EMULATE HERCULES MODES
...(IF YOU LOAD UP THE EXTENDED-MODE-HAN
DLER PROGRAM SUPPLIED WITH MOST SVGA..CA
RDS, YOU WILL BE TOLD THAT THE CARD CANN
OT BE SWITCHED INTO MONO MODE). NOTE..TH
E POSSIBLE PITFALL WITH HERCULES CARDS;
MOST OF THEM CONTAIN A PARALLEL..PORT, U
SUALLY SWITCHABLE FROM ADDRESS 3BC TO AD
DRESS 378. IF YOU ALREADY HAVE..A PARALL
EL PORT MAPPED AT THIS ADDRESS, STRANGE
ERRORS WILL CROP UP. (ALSO..NOTE THAT IF
YOU HAVE PARALLEL PORTS AT 378 AND/OR 2
78, AND THE HERC PARALLEL..PORT IS AT 3B
C, THE HERC CARD WILL BECOME LPT1: - THI
S MAY NECESSITATE SOME..SWITCHING OF CAB
LES). IF POSSIBLE, DISABLE THE ONBOARD P
ARALLEL PORT, OR MAP..IT TO AN UNUSED PO
RT ADDRESS... ONE FINAL NOTE ON T
HE SUBJECT OF VIDEO CONFLICTS; A NUMBER
OF CLONE..COMPANIES HAVE RELEASED SO-CAL
LED "COLOR HERCULES" CARDS, WHICH SUPPOR
T BOTH..THE HERCULES AND CGA STANDARDS.
THESE CARDS WILL NOT CO-RESIDE WITH ANY
OTHER..VIDEO CARD.....IX. EXPANDING SVGA
CARDS..------------------------..MANY P
EOPLE ASK, "CAN I EXPAND MY SVGA CARD ?"
. IN MOST CASES, THE ANSWER IS..NO. HOWE
VER, OCCASIONALLY ONE RUNS ACROSS CARDS
WHICH HAVE SOCKETS FOR EXTRA..RAM. THE T
WO EXAMPLES OF THIS WHICH I HAVE SEEN AR
E TSENG LABORATORIES SVGA..CARDS (MINE C
AME WITH 512K AND SPACE FOR AN EXTRA 512
K), AND TRIDENT CARDS..(AGAIN, MINE CAME
WITH 512K, BUT HAD SOCKETS FOR THE EXTR
A RAM). IN SUCH..CASES, INSTALLING THE E
XTRA MEMORY IS SIMPLY A MATTER OF PURCHA
SING THE..REQUISITE RAM CHIPS (USUALLY 4
4256; HOWEVER, SOME OLDER CARDS WILL USE
4464..OR 41256 CHIPS), AND INSTALLING T
HEM IN THE EMPTY SOCKETS ON THE CARD. BE
FORE..YOU SPEND THE MONEY ON THIS, HOWEV
ER, CONSIDER - DO YOU REALLY NEED THE EX
TRA..MEMORY ? IN THE VAST MAJORITY OF SV
GA CARDS, ADDING THE EXTRA RAM ONLY ALLO
WS..YOU TO USE ONE EXTRA MODE, VIZ. 1024
X768X256. THIS MODE IS NOT REALLY USEFUL
..UNLESS IT IS UN-INTERLACED (STARE AT A
N INTERLACED SCREEN FOR A FEW HOURS AND.
.YOU WILL UNDERSTAND WHY !). ALSO, ON MO
NITORS COARSER THAN 0.28" DOT PITCH,..TH
IS MODE LOOKS EXTREMELY FUZZY, AND ON SO
ME MONITORS IT IS NOT EVEN..DISPLAYED PR
OPERLY (THE EDGES OF THE SCREEN ARE COMP
RESSED). ALTHOUGH MY..CARDS SUPPORT THIS
MODE, I ALWAYS USE 640X480X256 AS MY MA
XIMUM SCREEN..RESOLUTION (EXCEPT WHEN VI
EWING VERY LARGE GIFS, EG THE 1152X900 P
ICTURES..DESIGNED FOR AND/OR DIGITIZED O
N SUNS)... A FINAL NOTE : I HAVE
YET TO SEE A CARD WHICH WAS SUPPLIED WIT
H 256K..WHICH IS EXPANDABLE. MOST OF THE
SE CARDS WERE VERY EARLY MODELS WHICH US
ED..OLDER (TRUE VGA) CHIPSETS INCOMPATIB
LE WITH THE NEWER DE FACTO VIDEO..STANDA
RDS.....X. TO BIOS OR NOT TO BIOS ?..---
------------------------..THE QUESTION I
S OFTEN ASKED, "WHICH BIOS IS BEST ?". O
NE WOULD IMAGINE THAT..THE BEST BIOS SHO
ULD BE AN ORIGINAL IBM CHIP; HOWEVER, SI
NCE MOST SOFTWARE IS..DEVELOPED ON CLONE
S (I WONDER HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE SEEN A
REAL IBM RECENTLY -..I HAVEN'T SEEN ANYT
HING MORE RECENT THAN AN ORIGINAL 5-SLOT
PC, ALTHOUGH I DO..KNOW OF THE PS/2, A
286 MACHINE. DOES IBM IN FACT MAKE A 386
?), A MACHINE..WITH A "REAL" BIOS IS NO
T NECESSARILY MORE COMPATIBLE THAN A CLO
NE. SO THE..CHOICE OF BIOS BOILS DOWN TO
PERSONAL PREFERENCE. I PERSONALLY OWN A
MI 286 AND..386 BIOSS, AND AWARD 386 BIO
S, AND I HAVE USED PHOENIX 286 AND AWARD
286 BIOS...OUT OF THESE, I STRONGLY REC
OMMEND THE AMI (AMERICAN MEGATRENDS) BIO
S BECAUSE..IT SEEMS A LOT MORE SENSIBLY
DESIGNED THAN THE AWARD OR PHOENIX PROGR
AMS. FOR..EXAMPLE, THE AMI 386 BIOS ALLO
WS YOU TO SET UP A WHOLE LOT OF LOW-LEVE
L..CHIPSET PARAMETERS RELATED TO MEMORY
SPEED AND SETUP, WHILST THE AWARD ONLY..
ALLOWS YOU TO SET DRIVE AND DISPLAY TYPE
S. ALSO, IF YOU HAVE BEEN TOYING WITH..T
HE XCMOS SETTINGS AND HAVE MANAGED TO MA
KE YOUR COMPUTER NON-FUNCTIONAL, IF..YOU
HAVE THE AMI BIOS, YOU SIMPLY HOLD DOWN
INSERT WHILE PRESSING THE RESET..BUTTON
, AND THE XCMOS SETTINGS WILL BE SET TO
DEFAULT VALUES, UNLOCKING YOUR..MACHINE.
WITH THE AWARD BIOS, I HAD A MACHINE WI
TH HERCULES AND VGA CARDS, BUT..NO MONO
MONITOR, AND I ACCIDENTALLY SET THE DISP
LAY TYPE TO "MONO", MEANING..THAT THE MA
CHINE BOOTED ON THE HERC CARD WHERE I CO
ULDN'T SEE ANYTHING.. IN..ORDER TO GET T
HE MACHINE USABLE AGAIN I HAD TO OPEN IT
AND UNPLUG THE HERCULES..CARD TO FORCE
THE BIOS TO RETURN TO THE VGA/EGA DISPLA
Y SETTING. ANNOYING,..ESPECIALLY SINCE T
HE MACHINE IN QUESTION WAS THE BOTTOM (M
URPHY AGAIN !) IN A..STACK OF THREE PCS
WITH A MONITOR ON TOP, ALL ON A VERY CRO
WDED DESK... NB: SINCE THE BIOS I
S RESIDENT ON A STANDARD EPROM, IT IS QU
ITE..POSSIBLE TO COPY IT USING AN EPROM
READER/BURNER AND A BLANK EPROM OF THE S
AME..TYPE. HOWEVER, THE ASTUTE WILL NOTI
CE THAT THERE ARE *TWO* CHIPS IN THE..MA
CHINE WITH LITTLE HOLOGRAPHIC STICKERS;
THE BIOS AND THE KEYBOARD..CONTROLLER. I
HAVE NEVER HAD OCCASION TO TRY PIRATING
BIOSS, BUT I DOUBT THAT..BIOS A WILL WO
RK WITH KEYBOARD CONTROLLER B. THEY DEFI
NITELY "KNOW" ABOUT ONE..ANOTHER, BECAUS
E WHEN YOU BOOT A SLOW AMI MACHINE, YOU
SEE A SERIAL NUMBER OF..THE FORMAT <SOME
THING>-<SOMETHING>-K (A PAUSE WHILE THE
KEYBOARD IS ACCESSED),..THEN ANOTHER DIG
IT INDICATING THE KEYBOARD CONTROLLER VE
RSION..... -=<*
GENERAL INFORMATION *>=-....I. DESOLDERI
NG SMALL IC'S (LESS THAN 40 PINS)..-----
----------------------------------------
..SMALL CHIPS CAN BE FAIRLY EASILY DESOL
DERED BY INSERTING A SUITABLE LEVER..UND
ER ONE END, APPLYING PRESSURE AND RUNNIN
G A HOT SOLDERING IRON UP AND DOWN..THE
ROWS OF PINS. WHEN ONE END IS SUBSTANTIA
LLY FURTHER OUT THAN THE OTHER,..SHIFT Y
OUR LEVER TO THE OTHER END AND ROCK THE
CHIP OUT.....II. DESOLDERING LARGE IC'S
(40 PINS OR MORE)..---------------------
-----------------------..THIS IS NOT A T
ASK I RELISH, THOUGH I HAVE HAD TO DO IT
A FEW TIMES. I..STRONGLY RECOMMEND THE
USE OF AN IC DESOLDERING TOOL. IF THIS I
S UNAVAILABLE,..THEN TO HELP YOU ROCK TH
E CHIP OUT (BY THE METHOD DESCRIBED ABOV
E), YOU SHOULD.."WET" THE JOINTS WITH A
PLENTIFUL AMOUNT OF FRESH SOLDER.....III
. DESOLDERING SURFACE-MOUNTING RESISTORS
AND CAPACITORS..-----------------------
-----------------------------------..UNF
ORTUNATELY, ONE REALLY NEEDS TO APPLY HE
AT TO BOTH ENDS OF THESE COMPONENTS..SIM
ULTANEOUSLY TO EXTRACT THEM EASILY. HOWE
VER, YOU CAN TRY USING A..SOLDER-SNIFFER
TO REMOVE MOST OF THE SOLDER, THEN HEAT
UP THE ENTIRE COMPONENT..AND FLICK IT O
FF THE BOARD WHILE THE SOLDER IS STILL L
IQUID. MAKE ABSOLUTELY..SURE YOU HAVE TH
E CORRECT VALUE OF REPLACEMENT COMPONENT
; SM RESISTORS AND..CAPACITORS ARE OFTEN
UNMARKED.....IV. DESOLDERING 160-PIN SU
RFACE MOUNT IC'S..----------------------
--------------------..DON'T. IT'S IMPOSS
IBLE WITHOUT A 160-ARM SOLDERING ROBOT.
IF YOUR MOTHERBOARD..HAS A CHIP LIKE THI
S WHICH IS DAMAGED, REPLACE THE MOTHERBO
ARD; IT WILL..PROBABLY BE CHEAPER THAN T
RYING TO IMPORT A PROPRIETARY ULA FROM T
AIWAN OR..JAPAN. NOT TO MENTION THE HOUR
S YOU WILL WASTE SOLDERING ALL THOSE .02
5" PITCH..PINS, AND THE YEARS YOU WILL W
ASTE GETTING RID OF THE SOLDER BRIDGES..
. (NOTE : FOR THOSE WHO DO NOT BE
LIEVE 160-PIN IC'S EXIST, PLEASE REFER..
TO THE ACER 16MHZ 80286 MOTHERBOARD, COM
PONENT U16. THIS IS AN M1207-16, A..160-
PIN SURFACE-MOUNTING ULA).....V. OLD PCB
'S..------------..PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
WHICH HAVE BEEN IN SERVICE FOR A WHILE
ARE MUCH MORE..SUSCEPTIBLE TO HEAT DAMAG
E (WHEN SOLDERING AND DESOLDERING COMPON
ENTS) THAN..MORE RECENT BOARDS. IN THE C
ASE OF PLATED-THRU-HOLE DOUBLE-SIDED BOA
RDS..PARTICULARLY, IT IS EXTREMELY EASY
TO PULL THE PAD OFF THE TOP SIDE OF THE.
.BOARD WHEN DESOLDERING COMPONENTS. THIS
NECESSITATES MUCH LABORIOUS FLYING..LEA
D INSTALLATION AND IS GENERALLY A HASSLE
! I RECENTLY HAD CAUSE TO REPAIR A..DEV
ICE MADE IN LATE 1979 (AN OLD GLASS TTY,
IN FACT), AND I WOULD STRONGLY..ADVISE
STAYING WELL CLEAR OF THESE OLDER DEVICE
S IF AT ALL POSSIBLE.....** EOF **..THER
E HAS NOT BEEN AN ERROR IN D4WNLOADING A
ND THE FQLE IS 1^00% UNCORRUPT?D........
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