BASIC4.DOCS
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): BASIC4.DOCS
FILE TYPE(S): SEQ
FILE SIZE: 54.6K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:12:18
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
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FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 65 S 4 | BASIC4.DOCS | SEQ | Sailor, Ganheden | 19 | 14 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
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00002BB0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C3 CF | ..|
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00002BE0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00002BF0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A |------ . ..OKEN:|
00002C00: 0D 20 24 C4 33 20 2D 20 32 31 31 20 0D 20 0D D4 |. $.3 - 211 . ..|
00002C10: 59 50 45 3A 0D 20 D3 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 2E |YPE:. .TATEMENT.|
00002C20: 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 | . ..CTION:.. |
00002C30: 20 20 D4 48 45 20 C3 CF D0 D9 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 | .HE .... COMMA|
00002C40: 4E 44 20 43 4F 50 49 45 53 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 |ND COPIES LINES |
00002C50: 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2E 20 C3 |ON THE SCREEN. .|
00002C60: 4F 4C 4F 52 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 49 53 0D 4D |OLOR MEMORY IS.M|
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00002C90: D4 48 45 20 4F 52 49 47 49 4E 41 4C 20 4C 49 4E |.HE ORIGINAL LIN|
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00002CC0: D9 20 3C 52 4F 57 20 41 3E 20 D4 CF 20 3C 52 4F |. <ROW A> .. <RO|
00002CD0: 57 20 42 3E 0D 20 52 4F 57 20 41 20 3D 20 53 4F |W B>. ROW A = SO|
00002CE0: 55 52 43 45 20 52 4F 57 20 28 30 2D 32 34 29 2E |URCE ROW (0-24).|
00002CF0: 0D 20 52 4F 57 20 42 20 3D 20 44 45 53 54 49 4E |. ROW B = DESTIN|
00002D00: 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 52 4F 57 20 28 30 2D 32 34 29 |ATION ROW (0-24)|
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00002D20: 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 0D 20 32 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 |10 .... 20 .....|
00002D30: 20 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 24 28 34 30 2C 34 32 29 0D | ......$(40,42).|
00002D40: 20 33 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 34 30 2C 22 2A 22 | 30 .....@40,"*"|
00002D50: 2C 40 37 39 2C 22 2A 22 0D 20 34 30 20 C6 CF D2 |,@79,"*". 40 ...|
00002D60: C9 3D 32 D4 CF 32 33 3A C3 CF D0 D9 31 D4 CF C9 |.=2..23:....1...|
00002D70: 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D 20 35 30 20 C3 CF D0 D9 20 30 |:..... 50 .... 0|
00002D80: D4 CF 32 34 0D 20 36 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 28 |..24. 60 .....@(|
00002D90: 38 2C 31 32 29 2C 22 C1 20 D1 D5 C9 C3 CB 20 C2 |8,12),". ..... .|
00002DA0: CF D2 C4 C5 D2 21 22 0D 20 37 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 |.....!". 70 ....|
00002DB0: 3D 31 D4 CF 35 30 30 30 3A CE C5 D8 D4 20 0D 20 |=1..5000:.... . |
00002DC0: 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A 0D 0D 20 CD CF D6 |..EE .LSO:.. ...|
00002DD0: C5 2C 20 C5 D2 C1 D3 C5 2C 20 D2 D6 D3 20 C1 CE |., ....., ... ..|
00002DE0: C4 20 C6 C9 CC CC 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |. .... .........|
00002DF0: 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... |
00002E00: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00002E10: 20 20 2D 38 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A | -8-.........1Z|
00002E20: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |................|
00002E30: 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 |....... 4 ....'.|
00002E40: 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ..... |
00002E50: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C3 | .|
00002E60: D3 C1 D6 C5 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |.... .----------|
00002E70: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00002E80: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00002E90: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 |-------- . ..OKE|
00002EA0: 4E 3A 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 24 C5 36 20 2D 20 |N: . $.6 - |
00002EB0: 32 33 30 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 20 D3 54 |230 . ..YPE:. .T|
00002EC0: 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 |ATEMENT. . ..CTI|
00002ED0: 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 C3 D3 |ON:.. .HE ..|
00002EE0: C1 D6 C5 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 53 41 56 45 |... COMMAND SAVE|
00002EF0: 53 20 54 48 45 20 52 55 4E 54 49 4D 45 20 C2 C1 |S THE RUNTIME ..|
00002F00: D3 C9 C3 20 4D 4F 44 55 4C 45 20 20 41 4C 4F 4E |... MODULE ALON|
00002F10: 47 20 57 49 54 48 0D 59 4F 55 52 20 53 4F 55 52 |G WITH.YOUR SOUR|
00002F20: 43 45 20 20 43 4F 44 45 2E 20 D4 48 49 53 20 20 |CE CODE. .HIS |
00002F30: 43 4F 4D 42 49 4E 45 44 20 50 41 43 4B 41 47 45 |COMBINED PACKAGE|
00002F40: 20 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 CC CF C1 C4 20 41 4E 44 20 | WILL .... AND |
00002F50: D2 D5 CE 20 4C 49 4B 45 0D 41 4E 59 20 4F 54 48 |... LIKE.ANY OTH|
00002F60: 45 52 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D |ER ..... PROGRAM|
00002F70: 2E 20 20 C9 54 20 20 D7 C9 CC CC 20 20 CE CF D4 |. .T .... ...|
00002F80: 20 20 4C 49 53 54 20 20 48 4F 57 45 56 45 52 2E | LIST HOWEVER.|
00002F90: 20 20 C6 4F 52 20 54 48 49 53 0D 52 45 41 53 4F | .OR THIS.REASO|
00002FA0: 4E 2C 20 D9 CF D5 20 CD D5 D3 D4 20 53 41 56 45 |N, ... .... SAVE|
00002FB0: 20 59 4F 55 52 20 22 53 4F 55 52 43 45 20 46 49 | YOUR "SOURCE FI|
00002FC0: 4C 45 22 20 57 48 49 4C 45 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 |LE" WHILE IN THE|
00002FD0: 20 44 45 56 45 4C 4F 50 4D 45 4E 54 0D 4D 4F 44 | DEVELOPMENT.MOD|
00002FE0: 45 2E 20 D5 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 4E 4F 52 4D 41 |E. .SE THE NORMA|
00002FF0: 4C 20 D3 C1 D6 C5 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 20 |L .... COMMAND |
00003000: 54 4F 20 44 4F 20 20 54 48 49 53 2E 20 C6 41 49 |TO DO THIS. .AI|
00003010: 4C 55 52 45 20 20 54 4F 20 44 4F 20 53 4F 0D 57 |LURE TO DO SO.W|
00003020: 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 53 55 4C 54 20 20 49 4E 20 54 |ILL RESULT IN T|
00003030: 48 45 20 20 4C 4F 53 53 20 4F 46 20 20 59 4F 55 |HE LOSS OF YOU|
00003040: 52 20 57 4F 52 4B 2E 20 D2 45 41 44 20 54 48 45 |R WORK. .EAD THE|
00003050: 20 4D 41 4E 55 41 4C 20 46 4F 52 20 4D 4F 52 45 | MANUAL FOR MORE|
00003060: 0D 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 |.INFORMATION. . |
00003070: 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 20 C3 D3 C1 D6 C5 20 |..YNTAX:. ..... |
00003080: 22 3C 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 4D 45 3E 22 2C 3C 44 45 |"<FILENAME>",<DE|
00003090: 56 49 43 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 3E 2C 3C 53 41 |VICE NUMBER>,<SA|
000030A0: 3E 20 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 4D 45 20 3D 20 54 48 45 |> FILENAME = THE|
000030B0: 20 43 4F 4D 42 49 4E 45 44 20 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 | COMBINED .PROGR|
000030C0: 41 4D 20 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 4D 45 20 53 41 20 3D |AM FILENAME SA =|
000030D0: 20 4F 50 54 49 4F 4E 41 4C 20 53 45 43 4F 4E 44 | OPTIONAL SECOND|
000030E0: 41 52 59 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 0D 20 0D C5 |ARY ADDRESS . ..|
000030F0: 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 20 C3 D3 C1 D6 C5 20 22 |XAMPLE:. ..... "|
00003100: D4 C8 C9 D3 C6 C9 CC C5 22 2C 38 20 0D 20 0D 20 |........",8 . . |
00003110: 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 | .HIS COMMAND|
00003120: 20 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 20 53 41 56 45 20 20 54 48 | WILL SAVE TH|
00003130: 45 20 20 43 55 52 52 45 4E 54 20 20 43 4F 4D 42 |E CURRENT COMB|
00003140: 49 4E 45 44 20 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 41 53 |INED PROGRAM AS|
00003150: 0D D4 C8 C9 D3 C6 C9 CC C5 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 |......... TO THE|
00003160: 20 44 49 53 4B 20 44 52 49 56 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 | DISK DRIVE NUMB|
00003170: 45 52 20 38 2E 20 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |ER 8. .........|
00003180: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...... |
00003190: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000031A0: 20 20 20 20 20 2D 39 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB | -9-........|
000031B0: 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 |1Z..............|
000031C0: C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 |.... 4 ....'. ..|
000031D0: C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... |
000031E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C3 D4 D2 | ...|
000031F0: CC 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |. .-------------|
00003200: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003210: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003220: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D |----- . ..OKEN:.|
00003230: 20 24 C6 C3 20 2D 20 32 35 32 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 | $.. - 252 . ..Y|
00003240: 50 45 3A 0D 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 2D 20 |PE:. .UNCTION - |
00003250: 53 59 53 54 45 4D 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 2E |SYSTEM VARIABLE.|
00003260: 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 | . ..CTION:.. |
00003270: 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 | .HIS FUNCTION |
00003280: 41 43 54 53 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 41 20 53 59 53 54 |ACTS LIKE A SYST|
00003290: 45 4D 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 28 45 47 2E |EM VARIABLE (EG.|
000032A0: 20 D4 C9 24 20 D3 D4 20 45 54 43 2E 29 2E 0D C9 | ..$ .. ETC.)...|
000032B0: 54 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 53 20 54 48 45 20 43 55 |T RETURNS THE CU|
000032C0: 52 52 45 4E 54 20 53 54 41 54 55 53 20 4F 46 20 |RRENT STATUS OF |
000032D0: 54 48 45 20 D3 C8 C9 C6 D4 2C 20 C3 CF CE D4 D2 |THE ....., .....|
000032E0: CF CC 20 41 4E 44 20 C3 CF CD CD CF C4 CF D2 C5 |.. AND .........|
000032F0: 0D 4B 45 59 53 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 56 41 4C 55 45 |.KEYS. .HE VALUE|
00003300: 53 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 45 44 20 41 52 45 20 41 |S RETURNED ARE A|
00003310: 53 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 53 3A 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 |S FOLLOWS:. . |
00003320: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 2D 20 53 48 49 46 54 | 1 - SHIFT|
00003330: 20 4B 45 59 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | KEY . |
00003340: 20 32 20 2D 20 C3 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 4B | 2 - .OMMODORE K|
00003350: 45 59 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 34 |EY . 4|
00003360: 20 2D 20 43 4F 4E 54 52 4F 4C 20 4B 45 59 20 C9 | - CONTROL KEY .|
00003370: 46 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 54 48 41 4E 20 4F 4E 45 20 |F MORE THAN ONE |
00003380: 4B 45 59 20 49 53 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |KEY IS. |
00003390: 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 45 53 53 45 44 2C 20 54 48 | PRESSED, TH|
000033A0: 45 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 45 44 |E VALUE RETURNED|
000033B0: 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | WILL BE |
000033C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | . |
000033D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 48 45 20 54 4F 54 41 4C | THE TOTAL|
000033E0: 20 4F 46 20 41 4C 4C 20 4B 45 59 53 20 50 52 45 | OF ALL KEYS PRE|
000033F0: 53 53 45 44 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A |SSED. . ..YNTAX:|
00003400: 0D 20 C3 D4 D2 CC 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C |. .... . ..XAMPL|
00003410: 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 0D 20 32 30 20 |E:.. 10 .... 20 |
00003420: D0 D2 C9 CE D4 22 D0 D2 C5 D3 D3 20 C3 CF CD CD |....."..... ....|
00003430: CF C4 CF D2 C5 20 C6 31 20 D4 CF 20 C3 CF CE D4 |..... .1 .. ....|
00003440: C9 CE D5 C5 2E 2E 2E 22 0D 20 33 30 20 C9 C6 20 |.......". 30 .. |
00003450: 28 C3 D4 D2 CC 20 C1 CE C4 20 32 29 3D 30 D4 C8 |(.... ... 2)=0..|
00003460: C5 CE 33 30 0D 20 34 30 20 C9 C6 20 CB C5 D9 20 |..30. 40 .. ... |
00003470: 3C 3E 34 20 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 33 30 0D 20 35 30 20 |<>4 .... 30. 50 |
00003480: D0 CF CB C5 31 39 38 2C 30 20 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 |....198,0 . . |
00003490: 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 20 | .HIS PROGRAM |
000034A0: 57 41 49 54 53 20 46 4F 52 20 20 54 48 45 20 55 |WAITS FOR THE U|
000034B0: 53 45 52 20 54 4F 20 50 52 45 53 53 20 54 48 45 |SER TO PRESS THE|
000034C0: 20 C3 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 41 4E 44 0D C6 | .OMMODORE AND..|
000034D0: 31 20 4B 45 59 53 20 54 4F 47 45 54 48 45 52 20 |1 KEYS TOGETHER |
000034E0: 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 43 4F 4E 54 49 4E 55 49 4E |BEFORE CONTINUIN|
000034F0: 47 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 0D |G THE PROGRAM. .|
00003500: 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A 0D 20 CB C5 D9 | ..EE .LSO:. ...|
00003510: 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 | .......... |
00003520: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003530: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 31 30 2D 0D 0D 0D | -10-...|
00003540: 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |......1Z........|
00003550: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 |.......... 4 ...|
00003560: D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.'. ..... |
00003570: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003580: 20 20 20 20 C3 D6 C6 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | ... .-------|
00003590: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
000035A0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
000035B0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 |----------- . ..|
000035C0: 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 20 24 C6 36 20 2D 20 32 34 36 |OKEN:. $.6 - 246|
000035D0: 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 | . ..YPE:. .UNCT|
000035E0: 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D |ION. . ..CTION:.|
000035F0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 C3 D6 C6 20 46 55 |. .HE ... FU|
00003600: 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 53 20 |NCTION CONVERTS |
00003610: 41 20 46 4F 55 52 20 42 59 54 45 20 53 54 52 49 |A FOUR BYTE STRI|
00003620: 4E 47 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 41 20 46 4C 4F 41 54 49 |NG INTO A FLOATI|
00003630: 4E 47 0D 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 20 56 41 4C 55 45 2E |NG.POINT VALUE.|
00003640: 20 20 D4 48 45 20 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 2C 20 20 | .HE STRING, |
00003650: 4D 55 53 54 20 20 48 41 56 45 20 42 45 45 4E 20 |MUST HAVE BEEN |
00003660: 50 52 4F 44 55 43 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 45 20 |PRODUCED BY THE |
00003670: CD CB C6 24 0D 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 D5 |...$.FUNCTION. .|
00003680: 53 45 20 54 48 45 53 45 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F |SE THESE FUNCTIO|
00003690: 4E 53 20 57 49 54 48 20 43 41 52 45 20 49 46 20 |NS WITH CARE IF |
000036A0: 59 4F 55 20 50 4C 41 4E 20 4F 4E 20 55 53 49 4E |YOU PLAN ON USIN|
000036B0: 47 20 54 48 45 4D 0D 57 49 54 48 20 44 49 53 4B |G THEM.WITH DISK|
000036C0: 20 20 46 49 4C 45 53 2E 20 D3 4F 4D 45 20 20 4E | FILES. .OME N|
000036D0: 55 4D 42 45 52 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 20 43 4F 4E |UMBERS WILL CON|
000036E0: 56 45 52 54 20 54 4F 20 43 41 52 52 49 41 47 45 |VERT TO CARRIAGE|
000036F0: 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 53 0D 57 48 49 43 48 20 57 | RETURNS.WHICH W|
00003700: 49 4C 4C 20 4D 45 53 53 20 55 50 20 59 4F 55 52 |ILL MESS UP YOUR|
00003710: 20 53 45 51 55 45 4E 54 49 41 4C 20 46 49 4C 45 | SEQUENTIAL FILE|
00003720: 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C3 |. . ..YNTAX:.. .|
00003730: D6 C6 28 3C 53 54 52 49 4E 47 3E 29 0D 20 53 54 |..(<STRING>). ST|
00003740: 52 49 4E 47 20 3D 20 34 20 42 59 54 45 20 53 54 |RING = 4 BYTE ST|
00003750: 52 49 4E 47 20 50 52 4F 44 55 43 45 44 20 42 59 |RING PRODUCED BY|
00003760: 20 CD CB C6 24 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 | ...$ . ..XAMPLE|
00003770: 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 0D 20 32 30 20 C1 |:.. 10 .... 20 .|
00003780: 3D 35 36 30 30 30 2E 36 37 38 0D 20 33 30 20 D0 |=56000.678. 30 .|
00003790: D2 C9 CE D4 20 C1 3A D0 D2 C9 CE D4 0D 20 34 30 |.... .:...... 40|
000037A0: 20 C1 24 3D CD CB C6 24 28 C1 29 0D 20 35 30 20 | .$=...$(.). 50 |
000037B0: C6 CF D2 C9 3D 31 D4 CF 34 3A D0 D2 C9 CE D4 C1 |....=1..4:......|
000037C0: D3 C3 28 CD C9 C4 24 28 C1 24 2C C9 2C 31 29 29 |..(...$(.$,.,1))|
000037D0: 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D 20 36 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 3A |:..... 60 .....:|
000037E0: D0 D2 C9 CE D4 C3 D6 C6 28 C1 24 29 20 0D 20 0D |........(.$) . .|
000037F0: 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 | .HIS PROGRA|
00003800: 4D 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 53 20 41 20 20 46 4C |M CONVERTS A FL|
00003810: 4F 41 54 49 4E 47 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 20 56 41 |OATING POINT VA|
00003820: 4C 55 45 20 49 4E 20 20 41 2C 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 |LUE IN A, INTO |
00003830: 41 0D 46 4F 55 52 20 42 59 54 45 20 20 53 54 52 |A.FOUR BYTE STR|
00003840: 49 4E 47 2E 20 C9 54 20 20 54 48 45 4E 20 53 48 |ING. .T THEN SH|
00003850: 4F 57 53 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4E 54 45 4E 54 53 |OWS THE CONTENTS|
00003860: 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 2C 20 | OF THE STRING, |
00003870: 41 4E 44 0D 54 48 45 4E 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 |AND.THEN CONVERT|
00003880: 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 42 41 43 |S THE STRING BAC|
00003890: 4B 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 41 20 46 4C 4F 41 54 20 41 |K INTO A FLOAT A|
000038A0: 47 41 49 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 |GAIN. . ..EE .LS|
000038B0: 4F 3A 0D 0D 20 C3 D6 C9 2C 20 CD CB C9 24 20 41 |O:.. ..., ...$ A|
000038C0: 4E 44 20 CD CB C6 24 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |ND ...$ ........|
000038D0: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. |
000038E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000038F0: 2D 31 31 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A 0D 0D |-11-........1Z..|
00003900: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 |................|
00003910: C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 |. 4 ....'. .....|
00003920: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003930: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C3 D6 C9 20 0D | ... .|
00003940: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003950: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003960: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003970: 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 24 |-- . ..OKEN:.. $|
00003980: C6 35 20 2D 20 32 34 35 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 |.5 - 245 . ..YPE|
00003990: 3A 0D 0D 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 |:.. .UNCTION. . |
000039A0: 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C3 |..CTION:.. .|
000039B0: 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 53 20 41 20 54 57 4F 20 42 59 |ONVERTS A TWO BY|
000039C0: 54 45 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 41 |TE STRING INTO A|
000039D0: 4E 20 49 4E 54 45 47 45 52 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 |N INTEGER. .HE |
000039E0: 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 4D 55 53 54 0D 48 41 56 45 |STRING MUST.HAVE|
000039F0: 20 42 45 45 4E 20 50 52 45 56 49 4F 55 53 4C 59 | BEEN PREVIOUSLY|
00003A00: 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 45 44 20 56 49 41 20 54 | CONVERTED VIA T|
00003A10: 48 45 20 CD CB C9 24 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E |HE ...$ FUNCTION|
00003A20: 2E 20 D3 45 45 20 C3 D6 C6 20 46 4F 52 0D 57 41 |. .EE ... FOR.WA|
00003A30: 52 4E 49 4E 47 53 20 4F 4E 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 |RNINGS ON USING |
00003A40: 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 53 49 4F 4E 20 43 |THE CONVERSION C|
00003A50: 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 49 4E 20 44 49 53 4B 20 |OMMANDS IN DISK |
00003A60: 46 49 4C 45 53 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 |FILES. . ..YNTAX|
00003A70: 3A 0D 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C3 D6 C9 28 3C 53 |:. . ...(<S|
00003A80: 54 52 49 4E 47 3E 29 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 |TRING>) . ..XAMP|
00003A90: 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 0D 20 32 30 |LE:.. 10 .... 20|
00003AA0: 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 22 CF D2 C9 C7 C9 CE C1 CC | ..... "........|
00003AB0: 22 2C 40 31 36 2C 2B 22 C3 CF CE D6 C5 D2 D4 C5 |",@16,+"........|
00003AC0: C4 22 0D 20 33 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 3D 30 D4 CF 31 |.". 30 ....=0..1|
00003AD0: 30 3A D2 C5 C1 C4 20 C4 0D 20 34 30 20 D0 D2 C9 |0:.... .. 40 ...|
00003AE0: CE D4 40 28 C9 2B 32 2C 30 29 2C C4 3A C1 24 28 |..@(.+2,0),.:.$(|
00003AF0: C9 29 3D CD CB C9 24 28 C4 29 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D |.)=...$(.):.....|
00003B00: 20 35 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 3D 30 D4 CF 31 30 0D 20 | 50 ....=0..10. |
00003B10: 36 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 28 C9 2B 32 2C 31 38 |60 .....@(.+2,18|
00003B20: 29 2C C3 D6 C9 28 C1 24 28 C9 29 29 3A CE C5 D8 |),...(.$(.)):...|
00003B30: D4 0D 20 37 30 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 20 2D 35 30 2C 32 |.. 70 .... -50,2|
00003B40: 30 30 30 2C 32 38 37 36 35 2C 2D 33 38 39 37 2C |000,28765,-3897,|
00003B50: 31 30 32 34 2C 31 34 0D 20 38 30 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 |1024,14. 80 ....|
00003B60: 20 2D 34 2C 33 32 34 33 38 2C 31 37 39 38 2C 32 | -4,32438,1798,2|
00003B70: 39 30 2C 32 33 36 38 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 |90,2368 . ..EE .|
00003B80: 4C 53 4F 3A 0D 0D 20 C3 D6 C6 2C 20 CD CB C9 24 |LSO:.. ..., ...$|
00003B90: 20 41 4E 44 20 CD CB C6 24 20 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D | AND ...$ .....|
00003BA0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...... |
00003BB0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003BC0: 20 20 20 20 2D 31 32 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B | -12-........|
00003BD0: DB 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |.1Z.............|
00003BE0: 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 |...... 4 ....'. |
00003BF0: C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..... |
00003C00: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003C10: C4 C5 C3 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |... .-----------|
00003C20: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003C30: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003C40: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E |------- . ..OKEN|
00003C50: 3A 0D 0D 20 24 C6 C4 20 2D 20 32 35 33 20 0D 20 |:.. $.. - 253 . |
00003C60: 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 49 4F |..YPE:.. .UNCTIO|
00003C70: 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 |N. . ..CTION:.. |
00003C80: 20 20 20 20 C3 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 53 20 41 20 20 | .ONVERTS A |
00003C90: 48 45 58 41 44 45 43 49 4D 41 4C 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 |HEXADECIMAL ....|
00003CA0: C9 20 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 20 |. STRING INTO |
00003CB0: 41 20 46 4C 4F 41 54 49 4E 47 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 |A FLOATING POINT|
00003CC0: 0D 56 41 4C 55 45 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 20 55 50 50 |.VALUE. .HE UPP|
00003CD0: 45 52 20 4C 49 4D 49 54 20 49 53 20 41 50 50 52 |ER LIMIT IS APPR|
00003CE0: 4F 58 49 4D 41 54 45 4C 59 20 32 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 |OXIMATELY 2.....|
00003CF0: C6 C6 2E 20 CC 41 52 47 45 52 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 |... .ARGER NUMBE|
00003D00: 52 53 0D 4D 41 59 20 57 4F 52 4B 2C 20 42 55 54 |RS.MAY WORK, BUT|
00003D10: 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 45 | WILL BE RETURNE|
00003D20: 44 20 41 53 20 53 43 49 45 4E 54 49 46 49 43 20 |D AS SCIENTIFIC |
00003D30: 4E 4F 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 C9 46 20 4E 4F 4E |NOTATION. .F NON|
00003D40: 2D 48 45 58 0D 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 |-HEX.CHARACTERS |
00003D50: 41 52 45 20 20 49 4E 43 4C 55 44 45 44 20 49 4E |ARE INCLUDED IN|
00003D60: 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 2C 20 C4 C5 C3 | THE STRING, ...|
00003D70: 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 20 54 48 45 | WILL RETURN THE|
00003D80: 20 54 4F 54 41 4C 0D 55 4E 54 49 4C 20 54 48 45 | TOTAL.UNTIL THE|
00003D90: 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 4E 4F 4E 2D 48 45 58 20 43 | FIRST NON-HEX C|
00003DA0: 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 2E 20 C6 4F 52 20 45 58 |HARACTER. .OR EX|
00003DB0: 41 4D 50 4C 45 2C 20 C4 C5 C3 28 22 C6 C1 D8 D9 |AMPLE, ...("....|
00003DC0: DA 22 29 20 57 49 4C 4C 0D 52 45 54 55 52 4E 20 |.") WILL.RETURN |
00003DD0: 32 35 30 20 28 24 C6 C1 20 3D 20 32 35 30 29 2E |250 ($.. = 250).|
00003DE0: 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C4 C5 C3 |. ..YNTAX:.. ...|
00003DF0: 28 3C 53 54 52 49 4E 47 3E 29 0D 20 53 54 52 49 |(<STRING>). STRI|
00003E00: 4E 47 20 3D 20 56 41 4C 49 44 20 48 45 58 20 C1 |NG = VALID HEX .|
00003E10: D3 C3 C9 C9 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 |.... CHARACTERS |
00003E20: 28 30 2D 39 2C 20 C1 2D C6 29 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 |(0-9, .-.) . ..X|
00003E30: 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 20 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 |AMPLE:. . 10 ...|
00003E40: 0D 20 32 30 20 C1 3D C4 C5 C3 28 22 C5 34 37 33 |. 20 .=...(".473|
00003E50: 22 29 0D 20 33 30 20 D0 3D D0 C5 C5 CB 28 C1 29 |"). 30 .=....(.)|
00003E60: 3A C1 3D C1 2B 31 0D 20 34 30 20 C9 C6 D0 3D 30 |:.=.+1. 40 ...=0|
00003E70: 20 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 C5 CE C4 0D 20 35 30 20 D0 D2 | .... .... 50 ..|
00003E80: C9 CE D4 C3 C8 D2 24 28 D0 29 3B 3A C7 CF D4 CF |......$(.);:....|
00003E90: 20 33 30 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A | 30 . ..EE .LSO:|
00003EA0: 0D 20 C8 C5 D8 24 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |. ...$ .........|
00003EB0: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. |
00003EC0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003ED0: 2D 31 33 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A 0D |-13-.........1Z.|
00003EE0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 |............... |
00003EF0: 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 |4 ....'. ..... |
00003F00: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003F10: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C4 C5 C5 CB 20 0D 2D 2D | .... .--|
00003F20: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003F30: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003F40: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00003F50: 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 24 C5 38 | . ..OKEN:.. $.8|
00003F60: 20 2D 20 32 33 32 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D | - 232 . ..YPE:.|
00003F70: 0D 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 |. .UNCTION. . ..|
00003F80: 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C4 C5 C5 |CTION:.. ...|
00003F90: CB 20 28 C4 4F 55 42 4C 45 20 20 D0 C5 C5 CB 29 |. (.OUBLE ....)|
00003FA0: 20 49 53 20 20 41 20 31 36 20 42 49 54 20 56 45 | IS A 16 BIT VE|
00003FB0: 52 53 49 4F 4E 20 4F 46 20 D0 C5 C5 CB 2E 20 C9 |RSION OF ..... .|
00003FC0: 54 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 53 0D 54 48 45 20 31 36 |T RETURNS.THE 16|
00003FD0: 20 42 49 54 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 41 54 20 41 44 | BIT VALUE AT AD|
00003FE0: 44 52 45 53 53 20 41 4E 44 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 |DRESS AND ADDRES|
00003FF0: 53 20 20 2B 31 2E 20 C4 C5 C5 CB 20 20 49 53 20 |S +1. .... IS |
00004000: 4D 4F 53 54 20 55 53 45 46 55 4C 0D 46 4F 52 20 |MOST USEFUL.FOR |
00004010: 52 45 41 44 49 4E 47 20 53 59 53 54 45 4D 20 56 |READING SYSTEM V|
00004020: 45 43 54 4F 52 53 2E 20 D5 53 49 4E 47 20 C4 C5 |ECTORS. .SING ..|
00004030: C5 CB 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 20 41 |.. IS THE SAME A|
00004040: 53 3A 20 20 20 20 20 0D D0 C5 C5 CB 28 3C 41 44 |S: .....(<AD|
00004050: 44 52 45 53 53 3E 29 2B D0 C5 C5 CB 28 3C 41 44 |DRESS>)+....(<AD|
00004060: 44 52 45 53 53 2B 31 3E 29 2A 32 35 36 20 0D 0D |DRESS+1>)*256 ..|
00004070: D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C4 C5 C5 CB 28 3C |.YNTAX:.. ....(<|
00004080: 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 3E 29 0D 20 41 44 44 52 45 |ADDRESS>). ADDRE|
00004090: 53 53 20 3D 20 30 2D 36 35 35 33 34 20 0D 20 0D |SS = 0-65534 . .|
000040A0: C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 CC |.XAMPLE:.. 10 ..|
000040B0: D3 0D 20 32 30 20 C1 3D C4 C5 C3 28 22 30 33 31 |.. 20 .=...("031|
000040C0: 34 22 29 0D 20 33 30 20 D2 C5 C1 C4 20 C4 24 3A |4"). 30 .... .$:|
000040D0: C9 C6 C4 24 3D 22 C5 CE C4 22 20 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 |...$="..." .... |
000040E0: C5 CE C4 0D 20 34 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 C4 24 |.... 40 ..... .$|
000040F0: 2C D4 C1 C2 28 31 30 29 D2 C9 C7 C8 D4 24 28 C8 |,...(10).....$(.|
00004100: C5 D8 24 28 C4 C5 C5 CB 28 C1 29 29 2C 34 29 0D |..$(....(.)),4).|
00004110: 20 35 30 20 C1 3D C1 2B 32 3A C7 CF D4 CF 20 33 | 50 .=.+2:.... 3|
00004120: 30 0D 20 36 30 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 20 C9 D2 D1 2C C2 |0. 60 .... ...,.|
00004130: D2 CB 2C CE CD C9 2C CF D0 C5 CE 2C C3 CC CF D3 |..,...,....,....|
00004140: C5 2C C3 C8 CB C9 CE 0D 20 37 30 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 |.,...... 70 ....|
00004150: 20 C3 CB CF D5 D4 2C C3 CC D2 C3 C8 2C C3 C8 D2 | .....,.....,...|
00004160: C9 CE 2C C3 C8 D2 CF D5 D4 2C D3 D4 CF D0 0D 20 |..,......,..... |
00004170: 38 30 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 20 C7 C5 D4 C9 CE 2C C3 CC |80 .... .....,..|
00004180: C1 CC CC 2C D5 D3 C5 D2 2C CC CF C1 C4 2C D3 C1 |...,....,....,..|
00004190: D6 C5 0D 20 39 30 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 20 C5 CE C4 20 |... 90 .... ... |
000041A0: 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 50 52 4F |. . .HIS PRO|
000041B0: 47 52 41 4D 20 55 53 45 53 20 C4 C5 C5 CB 20 54 |GRAM USES .... T|
000041C0: 4F 20 50 52 49 4E 54 20 54 48 45 20 4C 4F 57 20 |O PRINT THE LOW |
000041D0: 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 56 45 43 54 4F 52 53 20 49 |MEMORY VECTORS I|
000041E0: 4E 0D 54 48 45 20 C3 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 |N.THE .OMMODORE |
000041F0: 36 34 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A |64. . ..EE .LSO:|
00004200: 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C4 CF CB C5 2C 20 D0 C5 |. . ...., ..|
00004210: C5 CB 2C 20 D0 CF CB C5 2C 20 C2 D0 C5 C5 CB 20 |.., ...., ..... |
00004220: 41 4E 44 20 C2 D0 CF CB C5 2E 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |AND ...... .....|
00004230: 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... |
00004240: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004250: 20 2D 31 34 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A | -14-.........1Z|
00004260: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 |................|
00004270: C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 |. 4 ....'. .....|
00004280: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004290: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C4 C5 C6 D5 D3 D2 20 0D | ...... .|
000042A0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
000042B0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
000042C0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
000042D0: 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 24 |-- . ..OKEN:.. $|
000042E0: C4 38 20 2D 20 32 31 36 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 |.8 - 216 . ..YPE|
000042F0: 3A 0D 0D 20 D3 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 2E 20 0D |:.. .TATEMENT. .|
00004300: 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 | ..CTION:.. |
00004310: D4 48 45 20 20 C4 C5 C6 D5 D3 D2 20 20 43 4F 4D |.HE ...... COM|
00004320: 4D 41 4E 44 20 20 53 45 54 53 20 20 55 50 20 20 |MAND SETS UP |
00004330: 54 48 45 20 20 D5 D3 D2 20 20 56 45 43 54 4F 52 |THE ... VECTOR|
00004340: 20 20 41 54 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 0D 37 38 35 | AT ADDRESS.785|
00004350: 2D 37 38 36 2E 20 C9 54 20 49 53 20 45 51 55 49 |-786. .T IS EQUI|
00004360: 56 41 4C 45 4E 54 20 54 4F 3A 20 C4 CF CB C5 20 |VALENT TO: .... |
00004370: 37 38 35 2C 3C 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 3E 0D 20 20 |785,<ADDRESS>. |
00004380: 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C4 C5 C6 D5 D3 |..YNTAX:.. .....|
00004390: D2 28 3C 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 3E 29 0D 20 41 44 |.(<ADDRESS>). AD|
000043A0: 44 52 45 53 53 20 3D 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 |DRESS = ADDRESS |
000043B0: 4F 46 20 4D 41 43 48 49 4E 45 20 4C 41 4E 47 55 |OF MACHINE LANGU|
000043C0: 41 47 45 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 2E 20 0D 20 0D |AGE ROUTINE. . .|
000043D0: C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 CC |.XAMPLE:.. 10 ..|
000043E0: D3 0D 20 32 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 3D 34 39 31 35 32 |.. 20 ....=49152|
000043F0: D4 CF 34 39 31 35 35 0D 20 33 30 20 D2 C5 C1 C4 |..49155. 30 ....|
00004400: 20 C4 3A D0 CF CB C5 C9 2C C4 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D | .:.....,.:.....|
00004410: 20 34 30 20 C4 C5 C6 D5 D3 D2 28 34 39 31 35 32 | 40 ......(49152|
00004420: 29 0D 20 35 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 22 35 30 20 |). 50 ..... "50 |
00004430: D4 C9 CD C5 D3 20 31 30 20 C9 D3 22 D5 D3 D2 28 |..... 10 .."...(|
00004440: 35 30 29 0D 20 36 30 20 C5 CE C4 0D 20 37 30 20 |50). 60 .... 70 |
00004450: C4 C1 D4 C1 20 33 32 2C 32 32 36 2C 31 38 36 20 |.... 32,226,186 |
00004460: 20 3A 27 CA D3 D2 20 24 C2 C1 C5 32 20 20 3B C6 | :'... $...2 ;.|
00004470: C1 C3 31 3D C6 C1 C3 31 2A 31 30 0D 20 38 30 20 |..1=...1*10. 80 |
00004480: C4 C1 D4 C1 20 39 36 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.... 96 |
00004490: 20 3A 27 D2 D4 D3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3B D2 | :'... ;.|
000044A0: C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 20 D4 CF 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 0D |..... .. ..... .|
000044B0: 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 20 50 52 4F | . .HIS PRO|
000044C0: 47 52 41 4D 20 20 53 45 54 53 20 20 55 50 20 20 |GRAM SETS UP |
000044D0: 41 20 20 53 4D 41 4C 4C 20 20 CD CC 20 20 50 52 |A SMALL .. PR|
000044E0: 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 20 54 48 41 54 20 20 53 49 4D |OGRAM THAT SIM|
000044F0: 50 4C 59 0D 4D 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 49 45 53 20 54 |PLY.MULTIPLIES T|
00004500: 48 45 20 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 50 41 53 53 45 |HE NUMBER PASSE|
00004510: 44 20 54 4F 20 49 54 20 42 59 20 31 30 2E 20 D4 |D TO IT BY 10. .|
00004520: 48 45 20 52 45 53 55 4C 54 20 49 53 20 52 45 54 |HE RESULT IS RET|
00004530: 55 52 4E 45 44 0D 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 C2 C1 D3 |URNED.TO THE ...|
00004540: C9 C3 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 20 D3 45 45 |.. PROGRAM. .EE|
00004550: 20 20 D5 D3 D2 20 20 49 4E 20 20 59 4F 55 52 20 | ... IN YOUR |
00004560: 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 20 47 55 49 44 45 20 20 46 | ..... GUIDE F|
00004570: 4F 52 20 4D 4F 52 45 0D 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 |OR MORE.INFORMAT|
00004580: 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F |ION. . ..EE .LSO|
00004590: 3A 0D 0D 20 D5 D3 D2 20 28 49 4E 20 59 4F 55 52 |:.. ... (IN YOUR|
000045A0: 20 42 41 53 49 43 20 47 55 49 44 45 29 2E 20 20 | BASIC GUIDE). |
000045B0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |......... |
000045C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000045D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 31 35 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D | -15-.....|
000045E0: 0D 1B DB 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 |...1Z...........|
000045F0: C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 |.... 4 ....'. ..|
00004600: C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... |
00004610: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C4 C5 CC C5 D4 | .....|
00004620: C5 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |..--------------|
00004630: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00004640: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00004650: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D |----- . ..OKEN:.|
00004660: 0D 20 24 C5 31 20 2D 20 32 32 35 20 0D 20 0D D4 |. $.1 - 225 . ..|
00004670: 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D 20 D3 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 |YPE:.. .TATEMENT|
00004680: 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 |. . ..CTION:.. |
00004690: 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 20 C4 C5 CC C5 D4 C5 20 20 | .HE ...... |
000046A0: 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 20 50 48 59 53 49 43 41 |COMMAND PHYSICA|
000046B0: 4C 4C 59 20 20 52 45 4D 4F 56 45 53 20 41 4E 20 |LLY REMOVES AN |
000046C0: 45 4C 45 4D 45 4E 54 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 41 4E 0D |ELEMENT FROM AN.|
000046D0: 41 52 52 41 59 2E 20 20 20 C1 4C 4C 20 20 20 41 |ARRAY. .LL A|
000046E0: 52 52 41 59 20 20 20 54 59 50 45 53 20 20 20 41 |RRAY TYPES A|
000046F0: 52 45 20 20 20 53 55 50 50 4F 52 54 45 44 2E 20 |RE SUPPORTED. |
00004700: 20 20 C8 4F 57 45 56 45 52 2C 20 20 20 4F 4E 4C | .OWEVER, ONL|
00004710: 59 0D 53 49 4E 47 4C 59 2D 44 49 4D 45 4E 53 49 |Y.SINGLY-DIMENSI|
00004720: 4F 4E 45 44 20 20 41 52 52 41 59 53 20 20 4D 41 |ONED ARRAYS MA|
00004730: 59 20 20 42 45 20 20 55 53 45 44 20 20 49 4E 20 |Y BE USED IN |
00004740: 54 48 45 20 C4 C5 CC C5 D4 C5 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 |THE ...... COMMA|
00004750: 4E 44 2E 0D C1 46 54 45 52 20 54 48 45 20 45 4C |ND...FTER THE EL|
00004760: 45 4D 45 4E 54 20 49 53 20 44 45 4C 45 54 45 44 |EMENT IS DELETED|
00004770: 2C 20 54 48 45 20 41 52 52 41 59 20 49 53 20 20 |, THE ARRAY IS |
00004780: 53 48 49 46 54 45 44 20 44 4F 57 4E 57 41 52 44 |SHIFTED DOWNWARD|
00004790: 20 46 52 4F 4D 0D 54 48 45 20 54 4F 50 20 20 4F | FROM.THE TOP O|
000047A0: 46 20 54 48 45 20 41 52 52 41 59 20 54 4F 20 54 |F THE ARRAY TO T|
000047B0: 48 45 20 44 45 4C 45 54 45 44 20 45 4C 45 4D 45 |HE DELETED ELEME|
000047C0: 4E 54 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 4C 41 53 54 20 45 4C 45 |NT. .HE LAST ELE|
000047D0: 4D 45 4E 54 20 49 53 0D 54 48 45 4E 20 43 4C 45 |MENT IS.THEN CLE|
000047E0: 41 52 45 44 2E 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D |ARED.. ..YNTAX:.|
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00004800: 45 4C 45 4D 45 4E 54 29 29 0D 20 41 52 52 41 59 |ELEMENT)). ARRAY|
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00004840: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 41 52 | OF.THE AR|
00004850: 52 41 59 20 54 4F 20 44 45 4C 45 54 45 20 0D 20 |RAY TO DELETE . |
00004860: 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 |..XAMPLE:.. 10 .|
00004870: CC D3 3A C4 C9 CD C1 24 28 35 29 0D 20 32 30 20 |..:....$(5). 20 |
00004880: D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 22 20 C2 C5 C6 CF D2 C5 22 D4 |..... " ......".|
00004890: C1 C2 28 31 30 29 22 C1 C6 D4 C5 D2 22 3A D0 D2 |..(10)".....":..|
000048A0: C9 CE D4 0D 20 33 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 3D 30 D4 CF |.... 30 ....=0..|
000048B0: 35 3A D2 C5 C1 C4 C1 24 28 C9 29 0D 20 34 30 20 |5:.....$(.). 40 |
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000048D0: D8 D4 0D 20 35 30 20 C4 C5 CC C5 D4 C5 28 C1 24 |... 50 ......(.$|
000048E0: 28 33 29 29 0D 20 36 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 3D 30 D4 |(3)). 60 ....=0.|
000048F0: CF 35 0D 20 37 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 28 C9 2B |.5. 70 .....@(.+|
00004900: 32 2C 39 29 2C C9 3B C1 24 28 C9 29 3A CE C5 D8 |2,9),.;.$(.):...|
00004910: D4 0D 20 38 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 3A D0 D2 C9 CE |.. 80 .....:....|
00004920: D4 22 CE CF D4 C5 20 D4 C8 C1 D4 20 C5 CC C5 CD |.".... .... ....|
00004930: C5 CE D4 20 33 20 C8 C1 D3 20 C2 C5 C5 CE 20 20 |... 3 ... .... |
00004940: 0D 20 20 20 20 C4 C5 CC C5 D4 C5 C4 2E 0D 20 39 |. ......... 9|
00004950: 30 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 20 C3 C1 D4 2C C4 CF C7 2C D4 |0 .... ...,...,.|
00004960: D2 C5 C5 2C C1 D0 D0 CC C5 2C C6 C1 D2 CD 2C C2 |...,.....,....,.|
00004970: C9 D2 C4 20 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C1 54 20 4C |... . . .T L|
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000049A0: 20 33 20 4F 46 20 41 52 52 41 59 20 20 C1 24 28 | 3 OF ARRAY .$(|
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000049D0: 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 4C 41 53 54 20 45 4C |THAT THE LAST EL|
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00004A20: D4 2C 20 D3 C3 D2 C1 D4 C3 C8 2C 20 D3 C5 C1 D2 |., ......., ....|
00004A30: C3 C8 2C 20 D3 CF D2 D4 20 41 4E 44 20 D3 D5 CD |.., .... AND ...|
00004A40: 2E 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. ...... |
00004A50: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004A60: 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 31 36 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D | -16-......|
00004A70: 0D 1B DB 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |...1Z...........|
00004A80: 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 |........ 4 ....'|
00004A90: D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. ..... |
00004AA0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004AB0: 20 C4 CF CB C5 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | .... .---------|
00004AC0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00004AD0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00004AE0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B |--------- . ..OK|
00004AF0: 45 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 24 C4 30 20 2D 20 32 30 38 20 |EN:.. $.0 - 208 |
00004B00: 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D 20 D3 54 41 54 45 |. ..YPE:.. .TATE|
00004B10: 4D 45 4E 54 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A |MENT. . ..CTION:|
00004B20: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D0 4F 4B 45 53 20 41 20 31 |.. .OKES A 1|
00004B30: 36 20 42 49 54 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 54 4F 20 20 |6 BIT VALUE TO |
00004B40: 41 4E 20 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 20 41 4E 44 |AN ADDRESS AND|
00004B50: 20 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 2B 31 20 20 49 4E 20 | ADDRESS+1 IN |
00004B60: 54 48 45 0D 53 54 41 4E 44 41 52 44 20 36 35 30 |THE.STANDARD 650|
00004B70: 32 20 20 4E 4F 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 28 4C 4F 57 |2 NOTATION (LOW|
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00004B90: 54 45 29 2E 20 C9 54 20 49 53 20 55 53 45 46 55 |TE). .T IS USEFU|
00004BA0: 4C 20 46 4F 52 0D 49 4E 53 54 41 4C 4C 49 4E 47 |L FOR.INSTALLING|
00004BB0: 20 56 45 43 54 4F 52 53 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E | VECTORS. . ..YN|
00004BC0: 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C4 CF CB C5 20 3C 41 44 44 |TAX:.. .... <ADD|
00004BD0: 52 45 53 53 3E 2C 3C 56 41 4C 55 45 3E 0D 20 41 |RESS>,<VALUE>. A|
00004BE0: 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 3D 20 30 2D 36 35 35 33 34 |DDRESS = 0-65534|
00004BF0: 0D 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 3D 20 30 2D 36 35 35 33 |. VALUE = 0-6553|
00004C00: 35 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 |5 . ..XAMPLE:.. |
00004C10: 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 0D 20 32 30 20 C4 CF CB C5 20 |10 .... 20 .... |
00004C20: 38 32 38 2C 34 39 31 35 32 0D 20 33 30 20 D0 D2 |828,49152. 30 ..|
00004C30: C9 CE D4 20 C4 C5 C5 CB 28 38 32 38 29 20 0D 20 |... ....(828) . |
00004C40: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 45 58 41 4D 50 |. .HIS EXAMP|
00004C50: 4C 45 20 50 4C 41 43 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 31 36 |LE PLACES THE 16|
00004C60: 20 42 49 54 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 34 39 31 35 32 | BIT VALUE 49152|
00004C70: 20 20 41 54 20 38 32 38 20 20 41 4E 44 20 38 32 | AT 828 AND 82|
00004C80: 39 2E 0D C4 C5 C5 CB 20 54 48 45 4E 20 52 45 41 |9...... THEN REA|
00004C90: 44 53 20 41 4E 44 20 44 49 53 50 4C 41 59 53 20 |DS AND DISPLAYS |
00004CA0: 54 48 45 20 31 36 20 42 49 54 20 56 41 4C 55 45 |THE 16 BIT VALUE|
00004CB0: 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A 20 0D |. . ..EE .LSO: .|
00004CC0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C4 C5 C5 CB 2C 20 D0 CF CB C5 |. ...., ....|
00004CD0: 2C 20 D0 C5 C5 CB 2C 20 C2 D0 CF CB C5 20 41 4E |, ...., ..... AN|
00004CE0: 44 20 C2 D0 C5 C5 CB 2E 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |D ...... .......|
00004CF0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..... |
00004D00: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004D10: 20 20 20 2D 31 37 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 | -17-........1|
00004D20: 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 |Z.............. |
00004D30: 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 |4 ....'. ..... |
00004D40: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004D50: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C4 D5 D0 20 0D 2D 2D | ... .--|
00004D60: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00004D70: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00004D80: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00004D90: 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 20 24 C5 32 20 | . ..OKEN:. $.2 |
00004DA0: 2D 20 32 32 36 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 20 |- 226 . ..YPE:. |
00004DB0: D3 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 |.TATEMENT. . ..C|
00004DC0: 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C4 D5 D0 20 49 |TION:. ... I|
00004DD0: 53 20 20 55 53 45 44 20 54 4F 20 20 46 49 4C 4C |S USED TO FILL|
00004DE0: 20 28 C4 D5 D0 4C 49 43 41 54 45 29 20 20 41 4E | (...LICATE) AN|
00004DF0: 20 45 4E 54 49 52 45 20 20 41 52 52 41 59 20 57 | ENTIRE ARRAY W|
00004E00: 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 0D 53 41 4D 45 20 56 41 4C |ITH THE.SAME VAL|
00004E10: 55 45 2E 20 C1 4E 59 20 54 59 50 45 20 4F 46 20 |UE. .NY TYPE OF |
00004E20: 41 52 52 41 59 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 4E 59 20 20 |ARRAY WITH ANY |
00004E30: 41 4D 4F 55 4E 54 20 4F 46 20 20 44 49 4D 45 4E |AMOUNT OF DIMEN|
00004E40: 53 49 4F 4E 53 20 43 41 4E 0D 42 45 20 44 55 50 |SIONS CAN.BE DUP|
00004E50: 4C 49 43 41 54 45 44 2E 20 20 D3 45 54 20 54 48 |LICATED. .ET TH|
00004E60: 45 20 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 45 4C 45 4D 45 4E 54 |E FIRST ELEMENT|
00004E70: 20 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 41 52 52 41 59 20 54 | IN THE ARRAY T|
00004E80: 4F 20 54 48 45 20 56 41 4C 55 45 0D 54 48 41 54 |O THE VALUE.THAT|
00004E90: 20 59 4F 55 20 57 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 44 55 50 | YOU WANT TO DUP|
00004EA0: 4C 49 43 41 54 45 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 20 55 53 45 |LICATE, THEN USE|
00004EB0: 20 C4 D5 D0 20 54 4F 20 43 4F 50 59 20 49 54 20 | ... TO COPY IT |
00004EC0: 54 4F 20 20 41 4C 4C 20 4F 54 48 45 52 0D 45 4C |TO ALL OTHER.EL|
00004ED0: 45 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 49 4E 20 20 54 48 45 20 41 |EMENTS IN THE A|
00004EE0: 52 52 41 59 2E 20 20 D3 49 4E 43 45 20 53 54 52 |RRAY. .INCE STR|
00004EF0: 49 4E 47 20 20 41 52 52 41 59 53 20 41 52 45 20 |ING ARRAYS ARE |
00004F00: 50 4F 49 4E 54 45 52 53 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 0D |POINTERS TO THE.|
00004F10: 41 43 54 55 41 4C 20 54 45 58 54 2C 20 4F 4E 4C |ACTUAL TEXT, ONL|
00004F20: 59 20 4F 4E 45 20 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 49 53 |Y ONE STRING IS|
00004F30: 20 20 50 52 4F 44 55 43 45 44 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 | PRODUCED, AND |
00004F40: 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 54 49 52 45 20 41 52 52 41 | THE ENTIRE ARRA|
00004F50: 59 0D 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 20 54 4F 20 49 54 2E 20 |Y.POINTS TO IT. |
00004F60: 0D 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C4 D5 D0 28 |...YNTAX:.. ...(|
00004F70: 3C 41 52 52 41 59 20 4E 41 4D 45 3E 28 30 5B 2C |<ARRAY NAME>(0[,|
00004F80: 30 5D 29 20 41 52 52 41 59 20 4E 41 4D 45 20 3D |0]) ARRAY NAME =|
00004F90: 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 2C 20 49 4E 54 45 47 45 52 | STRING, INTEGER|
00004FA0: 20 4F 52 20 46 4C 4F 41 54 0D 41 52 52 41 59 20 | OR FLOAT.ARRAY |
00004FB0: 53 50 45 43 49 46 59 20 45 4C 45 4D 45 4E 54 20 |SPECIFY ELEMENT |
00004FC0: 30 20 28 41 4C 4C 20 45 4C 45 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 |0 (ALL ELEMENTS |
00004FD0: 53 48 4F 55 4C 44 20 42 45 20 30 20 49 46 20 4D |SHOULD BE 0 IF M|
00004FE0: 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 59 0D 44 49 4D 45 4E 53 49 4F |ULTIPLY.DIMENSIO|
00004FF0: 4E 45 44 29 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A |NED) . ..XAMPLE:|
00005000: 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C4 C9 CD 20 C1 24 28 32 30 29 |.. 10 ... .$(20)|
00005010: 0D 20 32 30 20 C4 C9 CD 20 C1 25 28 33 2C 33 29 |. 20 ... .%(3,3)|
00005020: 0D 20 33 30 20 C4 C9 CD C1 28 32 2C 32 2C 32 29 |. 30 ....(2,2,2)|
00005030: 0D 20 34 30 20 C1 24 28 30 29 3D 22 C8 C5 CC CC |. 40 .$(0)="....|
00005040: CF 22 3A C4 D5 D0 28 C1 24 28 30 29 29 0D 20 35 |.":...(.$(0)). 5|
00005050: 30 20 C1 25 28 30 2C 30 29 3D 2D 32 32 3A C4 D5 |0 .%(0,0)=-22:..|
00005060: D0 28 C1 25 28 30 2C 30 29 29 0D 20 36 30 20 C1 |.(.%(0,0)). 60 .|
00005070: 28 30 2C 30 2C 30 29 3D 31 37 36 2E 39 33 3A C4 |(0,0,0)=176.93:.|
00005080: D5 D0 28 C1 28 30 2C 30 2C 30 29 29 0D 20 37 30 |..(.(0,0,0)). 70|
00005090: 20 C3 CC D3 3A C6 CF D2 C9 3D 30 D4 CF 32 30 3A | ...:....=0..20:|
000050A0: D0 D2 C9 CE D4 C1 24 28 C9 29 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D |......$(.):.....|
000050B0: 20 38 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 31 36 30 0D 20 39 30 | 80 .....160. 90|
000050C0: 20 C3 CC D3 3A C6 CF D2 C9 3D 30 D4 CF 33 3A C6 | ...:....=0..3:.|
000050D0: CF D2 CA 3D 30 D4 CF 33 0D 20 31 30 30 20 D0 D2 |...=0..3. 100 ..|
000050E0: C9 CE D4 C1 25 28 C9 2C CA 29 2C 3A CE C5 D8 D4 |....%(.,.),:....|
000050F0: 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D 20 31 31 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 |:..... 110 .....|
00005100: 31 36 30 0D 20 31 32 30 20 C3 CC D3 3A C6 CF D2 |160. 120 ...:...|
00005110: C9 3D 30 D4 CF 32 3A C6 CF D2 CA 3D 30 D4 CF 32 |.=0..2:....=0..2|
00005120: 3A C6 CF D2 CB 3D 30 D4 CF 32 0D 20 31 33 30 20 |:....=0..2. 130 |
00005130: D0 D2 C9 CE D4 C1 28 C9 2C CA 2C CB 29 2C 3A CE |......(.,.,.),:.|
00005140: C5 D8 D4 3A CE C5 D8 D4 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D 20 31 |...:....:..... 1|
00005150: 34 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 31 36 30 0D 20 31 35 30 |40 .....160. 150|
00005160: 20 C5 CE C4 0D 20 31 36 30 20 C1 3D D0 D2 CF CD | .... 160 .=....|
00005170: D0 D4 28 32 34 2C 31 30 2C 22 D0 D2 C5 D3 D3 20 |..(24,10,"..... |
00005180: C6 31 20 D4 CF 20 C3 CF CE D4 C9 CE D5 C5 22 2C |.1 .. ........",|
00005190: 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C3 C8 D2 24 28 31 33 33 29 | . ...$(133)|
000051A0: 29 3A D2 C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 |):...... . ..EE |
000051B0: C1 4C 53 4F 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C4 C5 CC C5 |.LSO: . ....|
000051C0: D4 C5 2C 20 C9 CE D3 C5 D2 D4 2C 20 D3 C3 D2 C1 |.., ......, ....|
000051D0: D4 C3 C8 2C 20 D3 C5 C1 D2 C3 C8 2C 20 D3 CF D2 |..., ......, ...|
000051E0: D4 20 41 4E 44 20 D3 D5 CD 2E 20 20 0D 0D 0D 0D |. AND .... ....|
000051F0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. |
00005200: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D | -|
00005210: 31 38 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A 0D 0D |18-.........1Z..|
00005220: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 |................|
00005230: C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 |. 4 ....'. .....|
00005240: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005250: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C5 CC D3 C5 20 0D | .... .|
00005260: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00005270: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00005280: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00005290: 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 20 24 C3 |-- . ..OKEN:. $.|
000052A0: C4 20 2D 20 32 30 35 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A |. - 205 . ..YPE:|
000052B0: 0D 20 D3 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 2E 20 0D 20 0D |. .TATEMENT. . .|
000052C0: C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D0 52 |.CTION:.. .R|
000052D0: 4F 56 49 44 45 53 20 41 4C 54 45 52 4E 41 54 45 |OVIDES ALTERNATE|
000052E0: 20 20 41 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 20 | ACTION AFTER |
000052F0: 41 4E 20 C9 C6 2D D4 C8 C5 CE 20 20 43 4F 4D 4D |AN ..-.... COMM|
00005300: 41 4E 44 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 43 41 53 45 20 |AND IN THE.CASE |
00005310: 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 C9 C6 20 20 54 45 53 |THAT THE .. TES|
00005320: 54 20 20 46 41 49 4C 53 2E 20 20 C1 20 20 43 4F |T FAILS. . CO|
00005330: 4C 4F 4E 20 20 4D 55 53 54 20 20 50 52 45 43 45 |LON MUST PRECE|
00005340: 44 45 20 20 54 48 45 20 C5 CC D3 C5 0D 43 4F 4D |DE THE .....COM|
00005350: 4D 41 4E 44 2E 20 20 CE 45 53 54 45 44 20 C5 CC |MAND. .ESTED ..|
00005360: D3 C5 27 53 20 41 52 45 20 4E 4F 54 20 53 55 50 |..'S ARE NOT SUP|
00005370: 50 4F 52 54 45 44 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 |PORTED. . ..YNTA|
00005380: 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C9 C6 20 3C 45 58 50 52 45 53 53 |X:.. .. <EXPRESS|
00005390: 49 4F 4E 3E 20 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 3C 53 54 41 54 45 |ION> .... <STATE|
000053A0: 4D 45 4E 54 3E 20 3A C5 CC D3 C5 20 3C 53 54 41 |MENT> :.... <STA|
000053B0: 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 3E 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 |TEMENT> . EX|
000053C0: 50 52 45 53 53 49 4F 4E 20 3D 20 54 45 53 54 20 |PRESSION = TEST |
000053D0: 54 48 41 54 20 45 56 41 4C 55 41 54 45 53 20 54 |THAT EVALUATES T|
000053E0: 4F 20 54 52 55 45 20 4F 52 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 |O TRUE OR . |
000053F0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 41 | FA|
00005400: 4C 53 45 2E 0D 0D 20 53 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 |LSE... STATEMENT|
00005410: 20 3D 20 41 20 C7 CF D4 CF 20 4F 52 20 4C 49 4E | = A .... OR LIN|
00005420: 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 2C 20 4F 52 20 4F 54 48 |E NUMBER, OR OTH|
00005430: 45 52 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ER . |
00005440: 20 20 4C 45 47 41 4C 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 43 4F | LEGAL ..... CO|
00005450: 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2E 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C |MMAND. . ..XAMPL|
00005460: 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 0D 20 32 30 20 |E:.. 10 .... 20 |
00005470: C1 3D 35 30 0D 20 33 30 20 C9 C6 20 C1 3D 31 30 |.=50. 30 .. .=10|
00005480: 20 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 35 30 3A C5 CC D3 C5 20 36 30 | .... 50:.... 60|
00005490: 0D 20 34 30 20 C5 CE C4 0D 20 35 30 20 D0 D2 C9 |. 40 .... 50 ...|
000054A0: CE D4 22 CC C9 CE C5 20 35 30 22 3A C5 CE C4 0D |..".... 50":....|
000054B0: 20 36 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 22 CC C9 CE C5 20 36 | 60 .....".... 6|
000054C0: 30 22 3A C5 CE C4 20 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D3 |0":... . . .|
000054D0: 49 4E 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 54 45 53 54 20 57 49 |INCE THE TEST WI|
000054E0: 4C 4C 20 46 41 49 4C 20 49 4E 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 |LL FAIL IN LINE |
000054F0: 33 30 2C 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 |30, THE PROGRAM |
00005500: 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 52 41 4E 43 48 0D 54 4F 20 4C |WILL BRANCH.TO L|
00005510: 49 4E 45 20 36 30 2E 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |INE 60. ........|
00005520: 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... |
00005530: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005540: 20 2D 31 39 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A | -19-.........1Z|
00005550: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 |.............. 4|
00005560: 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 | ....'. ..... |
00005570: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005580: 20 20 20 20 20 20 C5 D2 C1 D3 C5 20 0D 2D 2D 2D | ..... .---|
00005590: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
000055A0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
000055B0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 |--------------- |
000055C0: 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 20 24 C4 31 20 2D |. ..OKEN:. $.1 -|
000055D0: 20 32 30 39 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 20 D3 | 209 . ..YPE:. .|
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000055F0: 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 C5 |ION:.. .HE .|
00005600: D2 C1 D3 C5 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 45 52 41 |.... COMMAND ERA|
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00005620: 20 52 41 4E 47 45 20 4F 46 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 | RANGE OF LINES |
00005630: 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2E 20 0D |ON THE.SCREEN. .|
00005640: 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C5 D2 C1 D3 | ..YNTAX:.. ....|
00005650: C5 20 C5 D2 C1 D3 C5 3C 52 4F 57 3E 20 C5 D2 C1 |. .....<ROW> ...|
00005660: D3 C5 3C 52 4F 57 20 41 3E 20 D4 CF 20 3C 52 4F |..<ROW A> .. <RO|
00005670: 57 20 42 3E 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 52 4F 57 20 |W B>. . ROW |
00005680: 3D 20 30 2D 32 34 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 52 4F 57 |= 0-24 . ROW|
00005690: 20 41 20 3D 20 53 4F 55 52 43 45 20 52 4F 57 20 | A = SOURCE ROW |
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000056C0: 20 52 4F 57 20 28 30 2D 32 34 29 2E 0D 0D 28 D4 | ROW (0-24)...(.|
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000056E0: 41 42 4F 56 45 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 45 52 41 53 45 |ABOVE WILL ERASE|
000056F0: 20 54 48 45 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 | THE LINE THAT T|
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00005710: 2E 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 |. . ..XAMPLE:.. |
00005720: 31 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 39 30 0D 20 32 30 20 D0 |10 .....90. 20 .|
00005730: D2 C9 CE D4 40 31 32 30 2C 22 22 3B 3A C5 D2 C1 |....@120,"";:...|
00005740: D3 C5 0D 20 33 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 31 31 30 3A |... 30 .....110:|
00005750: C7 CF D3 D5 C2 39 30 0D 20 34 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 |.....90. 40 ....|
00005760: 3D 30 D4 CF 32 34 D3 D4 C5 D0 32 3A C5 D2 C1 D3 |=0..24....2:....|
00005770: C5 C9 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D 20 35 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 |..:..... 50 ....|
00005780: C2 31 31 30 3A C7 CF D3 D5 C2 39 30 0D 20 36 30 |.110:.....90. 60|
00005790: 20 C5 D2 C1 D3 C5 36 D4 CF 31 38 0D 20 37 30 20 | .....6..18. 70 |
000057A0: C7 CF D3 D5 C2 31 31 30 3A C3 CC D3 0D 20 38 30 |.....110:.... 80|
000057B0: 20 C5 CE C4 0D 20 39 30 20 C3 CC D3 3A D0 D2 C9 | .... 90 ...:...|
000057C0: CE D4 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 24 28 34 30 2C 34 32 29 |........$(40,42)|
000057D0: 0D 20 31 30 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 3D 31 D4 CF 32 34 |. 100 ....=1..24|
000057E0: 3A C3 CF D0 D9 30 D4 CF C9 3A CE C5 D8 D4 0D 20 |:....0...:..... |
000057F0: 31 31 30 20 C6 CF D2 C9 3D 31 D4 CF 32 30 30 30 |110 ....=1..2000|
00005800: 3A CE C5 D8 D4 3A D2 C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 20 0D 20 0D |:....:...... . .|
00005810: 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 53 49 4D 50 4C 45 | .HIS SIMPLE|
00005820: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 44 45 4D 4F 4E 53 54 | PROGRAM DEMONST|
00005830: 52 41 54 45 53 20 41 4C 4C 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 |RATES ALL THREE |
00005840: 46 4F 52 4D 53 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 0D C5 D2 C1 |FORMS OF THE....|
00005850: D3 C5 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 |.. COMMAND. . ..|
00005860: 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 |EE .LSO:. . |
00005870: C3 CF D0 D9 2C 20 CD CF D6 C5 2C 20 D2 D6 D3 20 |...., ...., ... |
00005880: 41 4E 44 20 C6 C9 CC CC 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 |AND .... ...... |
00005890: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000058A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 32 30 | -20|
000058B0: 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D |-.........1Z....|
000058C0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 |........... 4 ..|
000058D0: C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..'. ..... |
000058E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000058F0: 20 20 20 20 C5 D8 C5 C3 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | .... .------|
00005900: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00005910: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00005920: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D |------------ . .|
00005930: D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 24 C6 C5 20 2D 20 32 |.OKEN:.. $.. - 2|
00005940: 35 34 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D 20 C6 55 |54 . ..YPE:.. .U|
00005950: 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F |NCTION. . ..CTIO|
00005960: 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 46 55 |N:.. .HIS FU|
00005970: 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 4D 41 59 20 53 45 45 4D 20 |NCTION MAY SEEM |
00005980: 53 54 52 41 4E 47 45 20 41 54 20 46 49 52 53 54 |STRANGE AT FIRST|
00005990: 2C 20 42 55 54 20 C9 27 4D 20 53 55 52 45 20 59 |, BUT .'M SURE Y|
000059A0: 4F 55 27 4C 4C 0D 46 49 4E 44 20 53 4F 4D 45 20 |OU'LL.FIND SOME |
000059B0: 49 4E 54 45 52 45 53 54 49 4E 47 20 55 53 45 53 |INTERESTING USES|
000059C0: 20 46 4F 52 20 49 54 2E 20 C9 54 20 57 49 4C 4C | FOR IT. .T WILL|
000059D0: 20 45 58 45 43 55 54 45 20 41 20 53 54 52 49 4E | EXECUTE A STRIN|
000059E0: 47 20 41 53 20 49 46 0D 49 54 20 57 45 52 45 20 |G AS IF.IT WERE |
000059F0: 41 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 |A LINE OF ..... |
00005A00: 43 4F 44 45 21 20 D3 49 4E 43 45 20 54 48 49 53 |CODE! .INCE THIS|
00005A10: 20 49 53 20 41 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 2C 20 | IS A FUNCTION, |
00005A20: 54 48 45 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 0D 43 4F 44 45 20 4D |THE ......CODE M|
00005A30: 55 53 54 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 20 41 20 56 41 4C |UST RETURN A VAL|
00005A40: 55 45 2E 20 C3 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 53 55 43 |UE. .OMMANDS SUC|
00005A50: 48 20 41 53 20 20 C6 CF D2 2D CE C5 D8 D4 2C 20 |H AS ...-...., |
00005A60: C7 CF D4 CF 2C 20 C7 CF D3 D5 C2 0D 41 4E 44 20 |...., ......AND |
00005A70: 20 C9 C6 2D D4 C8 C5 CE 20 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 20 | ..-.... WILL |
00005A80: 4E 4F 54 20 20 57 4F 52 4B 20 20 49 4E 53 49 44 |NOT WORK INSID|
00005A90: 45 20 20 4F 46 20 41 4E 20 C5 D8 C5 C3 20 43 41 |E OF AN .... CA|
00005AA0: 4C 4C 2E 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 53 0D 49 4E |LL. .UNCTIONS.IN|
00005AB0: 53 49 44 45 20 41 4E 20 C5 D8 C5 C3 20 43 41 4C |SIDE AN .... CAL|
00005AC0: 4C 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 43 43 45 53 53 20 54 4F |L HAVE ACCESS TO|
00005AD0: 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 53 20 49 4E 20 59 4F | VARIABLES IN YO|
00005AE0: 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 |UR PROGRAM. . ..|
00005AF0: 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C5 D8 C5 C3 28 22 3C |YNTAX:.. ....("<|
00005B00: 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 3E 22 29 0D 20 43 4F 4D 4D |COMMAND>"). COMM|
00005B10: 41 4E 44 20 3D 20 41 4E 59 20 4E 4F 52 4D 41 4C |AND = ANY NORMAL|
00005B20: 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 54 48 41 54 20 52 45 | COMMAND THAT RE|
00005B30: 54 55 52 4E 53 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |TURNS . |
00005B40: 20 20 20 20 20 41 20 56 41 4C 55 45 2E 20 0D 20 | A VALUE. . |
00005B50: 0D 20 C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 |. .XAMPLE:.. 10 |
00005B60: C1 24 28 30 29 3D 22 C3 C8 D2 24 28 C1 29 29 0D |.$(0)="...$(.)).|
00005B70: 20 32 30 20 C1 24 28 31 29 3D 22 C1 D3 C3 28 C1 | 20 .$(1)="...(.|
00005B80: 24 29 29 0D 20 33 30 20 C1 3D 36 35 0D 20 34 30 |$)). 30 .=65. 40|
00005B90: 20 C1 24 3D C5 D8 C5 C3 28 C1 24 28 30 29 29 0D | .$=....(.$(0)).|
00005BA0: 20 35 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 C5 D8 C5 C3 28 C1 | 50 ..... ....(.|
00005BB0: 24 28 31 29 29 20 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 |$(1)) . . .H|
00005BC0: 45 20 54 57 4F 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 53 20 49 4E |E TWO STRINGS IN|
00005BD0: 20 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 31 30 20 20 41 4E 44 20 | LINES 10 AND |
00005BE0: 32 30 20 20 41 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 20 43 4F 4D |20 ARE THE COM|
00005BF0: 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 54 48 41 54 0D 57 49 4C 4C 20 |MANDS THAT.WILL |
00005C00: 45 58 45 43 55 54 45 2E 20 CC 49 4E 45 20 33 30 |EXECUTE. .INE 30|
00005C10: 20 53 45 54 53 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 C1 | SETS VARIABLE .|
00005C20: 20 54 4F 20 36 35 2E 20 CC 49 4E 45 20 34 30 20 | TO 65. .INE 40 |
00005C30: 45 58 45 43 55 54 45 53 20 54 48 45 0D 46 49 52 |EXECUTES THE.FIR|
00005C40: 53 54 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 |ST STRING WHICH |
00005C50: 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 53 20 20 54 48 45 20 56 41 |CONVERTS THE VA|
00005C60: 4C 55 45 20 20 49 4E 20 C1 20 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 |LUE IN . INTO |
00005C70: 41 20 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 2C 20 41 4E 44 0D 41 |A STRING, AND.A|
00005C80: 53 53 49 47 4E 53 20 20 49 54 20 20 54 4F 20 20 |SSIGNS IT TO |
00005C90: C1 24 2E 20 20 CC 49 4E 45 20 20 35 30 20 20 45 |.$. .INE 50 E|
00005CA0: 58 45 43 55 54 45 53 20 20 54 48 45 20 53 45 43 |XECUTES THE SEC|
00005CB0: 4F 4E 44 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 57 48 49 43 48 |OND STRING WHICH|
00005CC0: 0D 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 |.CONVERTS THE ST|
00005CD0: 52 49 4E 47 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 49 4E 20 C1 24 |RING VALUE IN .$|
00005CE0: 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 41 4E 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 56 | INTO AN ..... V|
00005CF0: 41 4C 55 45 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 49 53 20 54 48 |ALUE WHICH IS TH|
00005D00: 45 4E 0D 44 49 53 50 4C 41 59 45 44 2E 20 D7 48 |EN.DISPLAYED. .H|
00005D10: 45 57 21 20 C9 20 54 4F 4C 44 20 59 4F 55 20 54 |EW! . TOLD YOU T|
00005D20: 48 49 53 20 57 41 53 20 20 53 54 52 41 4E 47 45 |HIS WAS STRANGE|
00005D30: 21 20 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A 20 |! . ..EE .LSO: |
00005D40: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 4E 4F 54 48 49 4E 47 |. (NOTHING|
00005D50: 20 45 4C 53 45 20 45 56 45 4E 20 43 4F 4D 45 53 | ELSE EVEN COMES|
00005D60: 20 43 4C 4F 53 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 49 53 20 0D | CLOSE TO THIS .|
00005D70: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4F 4E 45 21 29 0D 0D 0D | ONE!)...|
00005D80: 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... |
00005D90: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005DA0: 20 2D 32 31 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A | -21-.........1Z|
00005DB0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 |.............. 4|
00005DC0: 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 | ....'. ..... |
00005DD0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005DE0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C6 C9 CC CC 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D | .....----|
00005DF0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00005E00: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00005E10: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 |--------------- |
00005E20: 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 20 24 C4 36 20 2D |. ..OKEN:. $.6 -|
00005E30: 20 32 31 34 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 20 D3 | 214 . ..YPE:. .|
00005E40: 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 |TATEMENT. . ..CT|
00005E50: 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 C6 |ION:.. .HE .|
00005E60: C9 CC CC 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 46 49 4C 4C |... COMMAND FILL|
00005E70: 53 20 43 4F 4C 4F 52 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 4F |S COLOR MEMORY O|
00005E80: 4E 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 54 49 52 45 2C 20 4F 52 |N THE ENTIRE, OR|
00005E90: 0D 50 41 52 54 49 41 4C 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2C |.PARTIAL SCREEN,|
00005EA0: 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 53 50 45 43 49 46 49 45 | WITH A SPECIFIE|
00005EB0: 44 20 43 4F 4C 4F 52 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 |D COLOR. . ..YNT|
00005EC0: 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 C6 C9 CC CC 3C 43 4F 4C 4F 52 |AX:.. ....<COLOR|
00005ED0: 3E 20 C6 C9 CC CC 3C 43 4F 4C 4F 52 3E 2C 3C 52 |> ....<COLOR>,<R|
00005EE0: 4F 57 3E 2C 3C 43 4F 4C 3E 2C 3C 23 20 42 59 54 |OW>,<COL>,<# BYT|
00005EF0: 45 53 3E 20 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 43 4F 4C 4F |ES> . . COLO|
00005F00: 52 20 3D 20 30 2D 31 35 0D 20 20 20 20 20 52 4F |R = 0-15. RO|
00005F10: 57 20 3D 20 30 2D 32 34 0D 20 20 20 20 20 43 4F |W = 0-24. CO|
00005F20: 4C 20 3D 20 30 2D 33 39 0D 20 20 20 20 20 23 20 |L = 0-39. # |
00005F30: 42 59 54 45 53 20 3D 20 31 2D 34 30 20 0D 20 0D |BYTES = 1-40 . .|
00005F40: C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 CC CE |.XAMPLE:.. 10 ..|
00005F50: 3D 30 3A C3 CF CC CF D2 31 35 2C 31 35 2C 36 3A |=0:.....15,15,6:|
00005F60: C3 CC D3 0D 20 32 30 20 C3 C8 24 3D C3 C8 D2 24 |.... 20 ..$=...$|
00005F70: 28 31 34 35 29 2B C3 C8 D2 24 28 31 37 29 2B C3 |(145)+...$(17)+.|
00005F80: C8 D2 24 28 31 33 29 0D 20 33 30 20 C7 CF D3 D5 |..$(13). 30 ....|
00005F90: C2 31 35 30 3A C6 CF D2 C9 3D 30 D4 CF 31 30 0D |.150:....=0..10.|
00005FA0: 20 34 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 28 C9 2B 34 2C 31 | 40 .....@(.+4,1|
00005FB0: 34 29 2C 22 C3 C8 CF C9 C3 C5 20 22 2B D2 C9 C7 |4),"...... "+...|
00005FC0: C8 D4 24 28 22 20 20 20 22 20 0D 20 20 20 20 2B |..$(" " . +|
00005FD0: CD C9 C4 24 28 D3 D4 D2 24 28 C9 29 2C 32 29 2C |...$(...$(.),2),|
00005FE0: 32 29 0D 20 35 30 20 CE C5 D8 D4 0D 20 36 30 20 |2). 50 ..... 60 |
00005FF0: C6 C9 CC CC 20 31 2C CC CE 2B 34 2C 31 34 2C 31 |.... 1,..+4,14,1|
00006000: 30 0D 20 37 30 20 CF CE 20 CB C5 D9 20 C3 C8 24 |0. 70 .. ... ..$|
00006010: 3B 20 C7 CF D4 CF 20 39 30 2C 31 30 30 2C 31 31 |; .... 90,100,11|
00006020: 30 0D 20 38 30 20 C7 CF D4 CF 20 37 30 0D 20 39 |0. 80 .... 70. 9|
00006030: 30 20 C4 3D 2D 31 3A C7 CF D4 CF 31 32 30 0D 20 |0 .=-1:....120. |
00006040: 31 30 30 20 C4 3D 31 3A C7 CF D4 CF 31 32 30 0D |100 .=1:....120.|
00006050: 20 31 31 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 28 31 37 2C 38 | 110 .....@(17,8|
00006060: 29 2C 22 D9 CF D5 20 D3 C5 CC C5 C3 D4 C5 C4 20 |),"... ........ |
00006070: C9 D4 C5 CD 20 22 3B CC CE 3A C5 CE C4 20 0D 20 |.... ";..:... . |
00006080: 20 20 20 20 31 32 30 20 C6 C9 CC CC 20 36 2C CC | 120 .... 6,.|
00006090: CE 2B 34 2C 31 34 2C 31 30 3A CC CE 3D CC CE 2B |.+4,14,10:..=..+|
000060A0: C4 3A C9 C6 CC CE 3C 30 D4 C8 C5 CE CC CE 3D 31 |.:....<0......=1|
000060B0: 30 0D 20 31 33 30 20 C9 C6 20 CC CE 3E 31 30 20 |0. 130 .. ..>10 |
000060C0: D4 C8 C5 CE 20 CC CE 3D 30 0D 20 31 34 30 20 C6 |.... ..=0. 140 .|
000060D0: C9 CC CC 20 31 2C CC CE 2B 34 2C 31 34 2C 31 30 |... 1,..+4,14,10|
000060E0: 3A C7 CF D4 CF 37 30 0D 20 31 35 30 20 D0 D2 C9 |:....70. 150 ...|
000060F0: CE D4 40 28 32 33 2C 32 29 2C 22 D5 D3 C5 20 D5 |..@(23,2),"... .|
00006100: D0 20 C1 CE C4 20 C4 CF D7 CE 20 C1 D2 D2 CF D7 |. ... .... .....|
00006110: D3 20 D4 CF 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 C3 C8 CF |. .. . ...|
00006120: CF D3 C5 22 3A D2 D6 D3 32 33 2C 30 2C 34 30 0D |...":...23,0,40.|
00006130: 20 31 36 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 28 32 34 2C 35 | 160 .....@(24,5|
00006140: 29 2C 22 C1 CE C4 20 D0 D2 C5 D3 D3 20 D2 C5 D4 |),"... ..... ...|
00006150: D5 D2 CE 20 D4 CF 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... .. . |
00006160: D3 C5 CC C5 C3 D4 22 3B 3A D2 D6 D3 32 34 2C 30 |......";:...24,0|
00006170: 2C 34 30 3A D2 C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 |,40:...... . ..E|
00006180: 45 20 C1 4C 53 4F 3A 0D 20 CD CF D6 C5 2C 20 C5 |E .LSO:. ...., .|
00006190: D2 C1 D3 C5 2C 20 D2 D6 D3 20 41 4E 44 20 C3 CF |...., ... AND ..|
000061A0: D0 D9 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. ..... |
000061B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000061C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 2D 32 32 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D | -22-......|
000061D0: 1B DB 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |..1Z............|
000061E0: 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 |......... 4 ....|
000061F0: 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |'. ..... |
00006200: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00006210: 20 20 C8 C5 D8 24 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | ...$ .--------|
00006220: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00006230: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
00006240: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F |---------- . ..O|
00006250: 4B 45 4E 3A 0D 20 24 C6 32 20 2D 20 32 34 32 20 |KEN:. $.2 - 242 |
00006260: 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 0D 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 49 |. ..YPE:. .UNCTI|
00006270: 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D |ON. . ..CTION:..|
00006280: 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 20 C8 C5 D8 24 20 20 | .HE ...$ |
00006290: 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 |FUNCTION CONVER|
000062A0: 54 53 20 20 41 20 46 4C 4F 41 54 49 4E 47 20 50 |TS A FLOATING P|
000062B0: 4F 49 4E 54 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 54 4F 20 41 |OINT NUMBER TO A|
000062C0: 4E 0D C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 2E 20 |N...... STRING. |
000062D0: D4 48 45 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 20 48 41 53 20 |.HE STRING HAS |
000062E0: 4C 45 41 44 49 4E 47 20 20 5A 45 52 4F 53 2C 20 |LEADING ZEROS, |
000062F0: 53 4F 20 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 45 58 54 52 |SO YOU CAN EXTR|
00006300: 41 43 54 0D 54 48 45 20 20 50 52 45 43 49 53 49 |ACT.THE PRECISI|
00006310: 4F 4E 20 20 59 4F 55 20 20 4E 45 45 44 20 20 57 |ON YOU NEED W|
00006320: 49 54 48 20 20 54 48 45 20 20 D2 C9 C7 C8 D4 24 |ITH THE .....$|
00006330: 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 4D 41 | COMMAND. .HE MA|
00006340: 58 49 4D 55 4D 0D 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 41 4C 4C |XIMUM.NUMBER ALL|
00006350: 4F 57 45 44 20 49 53 20 32 31 34 37 34 38 33 36 |OWED IS 21474836|
00006360: 34 37 20 28 4F 52 20 24 37 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 |47 (OR $7.......|
00006370: 29 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 0D 20 |). . ..YNTAX:.. |
00006380: C8 C5 D8 24 28 3C 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 3E 29 0D 20 |...$(<NUMBER>). |
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0000B720: 4F 46 20 4E 20 43 4F 50 49 45 53 20 4F 46 20 54 |OF N COPIES OF T|
0000B730: 48 45 0D 53 50 45 43 49 46 49 45 44 20 43 48 41 |HE.SPECIFIED CHA|
0000B740: 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 28 55 50 20 54 4F 20 32 35 |RACTER (UP TO 25|
0000B750: 35 29 2E 20 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D |5). . ..YNTAX:.|
0000B760: 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 24 28 3C | . ......$(<|
0000B770: 4E 55 4D 3E 2C 3C 53 54 52 49 4E 47 3E 29 0D 20 |NUM>,<STRING>). |
0000B780: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4E 55 4D 20 3D 20 4E 55 |. NUM = NU|
0000B790: 4D 42 45 52 20 4F 46 20 43 4F 50 49 45 53 20 0D |MBER OF COPIES .|
0000B7A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 3D 20 | STRING = |
0000B7B0: 54 48 45 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 54 4F |THE CHARACTER TO|
0000B7C0: 20 43 4F 50 59 20 0D 20 20 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 | COPY . . |
0000B7D0: 20 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 24 28 3C 4E 55 4D 3E 2C 3C | ......$(<NUM>,<|
0000B7E0: C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 3E 29 20 0D |..... NUMBER>) .|
0000B7F0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4E 55 4D 20 3D 20 4E 55 |. NUM = NU|
0000B800: 4D 42 45 52 20 4F 46 20 43 4F 50 49 45 53 20 0D |MBER OF COPIES .|
0000B810: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 4E 55 4D | ..... NUM|
0000B820: 42 45 52 20 3D 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 56 41 4C 55 |BER = ..... VALU|
0000B830: 45 20 4F 46 20 44 45 53 49 52 45 44 20 20 0D 20 |E OF DESIRED . |
0000B840: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000B850: 20 20 20 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 2E 20 0D | CHARACTER. .|
0000B860: 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 | ..XAMPLE:. . |
0000B870: 20 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 3A C1 24 3D C3 C8 D2 24 | 10 ...:.$=...$|
0000B880: 28 34 35 29 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 32 30 20 D0 D2 |(45) . 20 ..|
0000B890: C9 CE D4 20 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 24 28 34 30 2C 22 |... ......$(40,"|
0000B8A0: 2D 22 29 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 33 30 20 D0 D2 C9 |-") . 30 ...|
0000B8B0: CE D4 20 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 24 28 34 30 2C 34 35 |.. ......$(40,45|
0000B8C0: 29 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 34 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 |) . 40 .....|
0000B8D0: 20 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 24 28 34 30 2C C1 24 29 20 | ......$(40,.$) |
0000B8E0: 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 50 52 4F |. . .HIS PRO|
0000B8F0: 47 52 41 4D 20 44 45 4D 4F 4E 53 54 52 41 54 45 |GRAM DEMONSTRATE|
0000B900: 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 45 56 45 52 41 4C 20 57 41 |S THE SEVERAL WA|
0000B910: 59 53 20 4F 46 20 50 41 53 53 49 4E 47 20 54 48 |YS OF PASSING TH|
0000B920: 45 0D 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 50 41 52 41 4D 45 54 |E.STRING PARAMET|
0000B930: 45 52 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 D3 D4 D2 C9 CE C7 |ER TO THE ......|
0000B940: 24 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2E 20 20 0D 0D 0D 0D |$ COMMAND. ....|
0000B950: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |....... |
0000B960: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000B970: 20 20 20 20 20 2D 34 38 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B | -48-.......|
0000B980: DB 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |.1Z.............|
0000B990: 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 |....... 4 ....'.|
0000B9A0: 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ..... |
0000B9B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000B9C0: 20 D3 D5 CD 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | ... .----------|
0000B9D0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000B9E0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000B9F0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 |-------- . ..OKE|
0000BA00: 4E 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 24 C6 C1 20 2D 20 32 |N: . $.. - 2|
0000BA10: 35 30 20 0D 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 |50 . ..YPE: . |
0000BA20: 20 20 C6 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 | .UNCTION. . ..|
0000BA30: 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 |CTION:.. .HE|
0000BA40: 20 D3 D5 CD 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 52 45 | ... FUNCTION RE|
0000BA50: 54 55 52 4E 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 55 4D 20 4F 46 |TURNS THE SUM OF|
0000BA60: 20 41 4E 20 45 4E 54 49 52 45 20 4E 55 4D 45 52 | AN ENTIRE NUMER|
0000BA70: 49 43 20 41 52 52 41 59 2E 0D D4 48 45 20 41 52 |IC ARRAY...HE AR|
0000BA80: 52 41 59 20 4D 55 53 54 20 42 45 20 46 4C 4F 41 |RAY MUST BE FLOA|
0000BA90: 54 49 4E 47 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 4F 52 20 49 4E |TING POINT OR IN|
0000BAA0: 54 45 47 45 52 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 |TEGER. . ..YNTAX|
0000BAB0: 3A 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D3 D5 CD 28 3C 41 52 |:. . ...(<AR|
0000BAC0: 52 41 59 3E 28 30 29 29 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 |RAY>(0)). . |
0000BAD0: 41 52 52 41 59 20 3D 20 41 4E 20 49 4E 54 45 47 |ARRAY = AN INTEG|
0000BAE0: 45 52 20 4F 52 20 46 4C 4F 41 54 20 41 52 52 41 |ER OR FLOAT ARRA|
0000BAF0: 59 2E 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 3A 0D 20 |Y. . ..XAMPLE:. |
0000BB00: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 3A C4 C9 CD |. 10 ...:...|
0000BB10: 20 C1 28 31 30 29 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 32 30 20 | .(10) . 20 |
0000BB20: C4 C1 D4 C1 20 35 30 30 2C 32 39 39 2E 36 30 2C |.... 500,299.60,|
0000BB30: 35 33 2E 38 30 2C 34 30 2C 32 30 2C 31 30 30 30 |53.80,40,20,1000|
0000BB40: 2C 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 36 37 2E 33 2C |, . 67.3,|
0000BB50: 36 36 36 2E 32 33 2C 31 32 33 2E 34 38 2C 38 37 |666.23,123.48,87|
0000BB60: 2C 32 30 30 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 33 30 20 C6 CF |,200 . 30 ..|
0000BB70: D2 C9 3D 30 D4 CF 31 30 3A D2 C5 C1 C4 20 C1 28 |..=0..10:.... .(|
0000BB80: C9 29 3A CE C5 D8 D4 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 34 30 |.):.... . 40|
0000BB90: 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 22 D4 C8 C5 20 D3 D5 CD 20 CF | ....."... ... .|
0000BBA0: C6 3A 22 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 35 30 20 C6 CF D2 |.:" . 50 ...|
0000BBB0: C9 3D 30 D4 CF 31 30 3A D0 D2 C9 CE D4 D4 C1 C2 |.=0..10:........|
0000BBC0: 28 31 30 29 C1 28 C9 29 3A CE C5 D8 D4 20 0D 20 |(10).(.):.... . |
0000BBD0: 20 20 20 20 36 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 D4 C1 C2 28 | 60 ........(|
0000BBE0: 31 30 29 22 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 22 20 |10)"----------" |
0000BBF0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 37 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 20 |. 70 ..... |
0000BC00: D4 C1 C2 28 36 29 22 C9 D3 3A 20 22 D3 D5 CD 28 |...(6)"..: "...(|
0000BC10: C1 28 30 29 29 20 0D 20 0D D3 45 45 20 C1 4C 53 |.(0)) . ..EE .LS|
0000BC20: 4F 3A 20 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C9 CE D3 C5 D2 D4 |O: .. ......|
0000BC30: 2C 20 C4 C5 CC C5 D4 C5 2C 20 C4 D5 D0 2C 20 D3 |, ......, ..., .|
0000BC40: C3 D2 C1 D4 C3 C8 2C 20 D3 C5 C1 D2 C3 C8 20 41 |......, ...... A|
0000BC50: 4E 44 20 D3 CF D2 D4 2E 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |ND .............|
0000BC60: 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |... |
0000BC70: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000BC80: 20 2D 34 39 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB 31 5A | -49-.........1Z|
0000BC90: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 |................|
0000BCA0: D3 C9 C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 |... 4 ....'. ...|
0000BCB0: C4 C5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. |
0000BCC0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D6 C1 D2 D0 D4 D2 | ......|
0000BCD0: 20 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | .--------------|
0000BCE0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000BCF0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000BD00: 2D 2D 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 20 0D |---- . ..OKEN: .|
0000BD10: 20 20 20 20 20 24 C5 C1 20 2D 20 32 33 34 20 0D | $.. - 234 .|
0000BD20: 20 0D D4 59 50 45 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C6 55 | ..YPE: . .U|
0000BD30: 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F |NCTION. . ..CTIO|
0000BD40: 4E 3A 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 20 D6 |N:. . .HE .|
0000BD50: C1 D2 D0 D4 D2 20 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 |..... FUNCTION |
0000BD60: 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 53 20 20 54 48 45 20 41 44 | RETURNS THE AD|
0000BD70: 44 52 45 53 53 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 53 50 45 |DRESS OF THE SPE|
0000BD80: 43 49 46 49 45 44 0D 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 2E |CIFIED.VARIABLE.|
0000BD90: 20 CE 4F 54 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 53 54 52 49 4E | .OTE THAT STRIN|
0000BDA0: 47 53 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 20 41 20 20 50 4F 49 |GS RETURN A POI|
0000BDB0: 4E 54 45 52 20 54 4F 20 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 52 |NTER TO THE STR|
0000BDC0: 49 4E 47 2C 20 41 4E 44 0D 49 54 53 20 4C 45 4E |ING, AND.ITS LEN|
0000BDD0: 47 54 48 2E 20 20 C6 4F 52 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 20 |GTH. .OR MORE |
0000BDE0: 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 4F 4E 20 20 |INFORMATION ON |
0000BDF0: 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 53 20 41 4E 44 20 48 4F |VARIABLES AND HO|
0000BE00: 57 20 54 48 45 59 20 41 52 45 0D 53 54 4F 52 45 |W THEY ARE.STORE|
0000BE10: 44 20 49 4E 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 2C 20 53 45 45 |D IN MEMORY, SEE|
0000BE20: 20 D4 CF CF CC 20 CB C9 D4 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 2C | .... ... .....,|
0000BE30: 20 42 59 20 20 C4 41 4E 20 C8 45 45 42 2C 20 20 | BY .AN .EEB, |
0000BE40: 50 55 42 4C 49 53 48 45 44 20 42 59 0D C3 CF CD |PUBLISHED BY....|
0000BE50: D0 D5 D4 C5 21 20 20 C2 CF CF CB D3 2C 20 20 4F |....! ....., O|
0000BE60: 52 20 20 CD C1 D3 D4 C5 D2 C9 CE C7 20 20 D4 C8 |R ......... ..|
0000BE70: C5 20 20 C3 CF CD CD CF C4 CF D2 C5 20 20 36 34 |. ......... 64|
0000BE80: 20 20 42 59 20 20 CA 4F 4E 45 53 20 20 26 0D C3 | BY .ONES &..|
0000BE90: 41 52 50 45 4E 54 45 52 2C 20 50 55 42 4C 49 53 |ARPENTER, PUBLIS|
0000BEA0: 48 45 44 20 42 59 20 D7 C9 CC C5 D9 20 D0 D2 C5 |HED BY ..... ...|
0000BEB0: D3 D3 2E 20 0D 20 0D D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 0D 20 |... . ..YNTAX:. |
0000BEC0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D6 C1 D2 D0 D4 D2 28 3C 56 41 |. ......(<VA|
0000BED0: 52 49 41 42 4C 45 3E 29 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 |RIABLE>). . |
0000BEE0: 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 3D 20 41 4E 59 20 4C |VARIABLE = ANY L|
0000BEF0: 45 47 41 4C 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 56 41 52 49 41 |EGAL ..... VARIA|
0000BF00: 42 4C 45 2E 20 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 |BLE. . ..XAMPLE|
0000BF10: 3A 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 31 30 20 C3 CC D3 20 |:. . 10 ... |
0000BF20: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 32 30 20 C4 C9 CD 20 C1 24 2C |. 20 ... .$,|
0000BF30: C1 2C C2 2C C9 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 33 30 20 C1 |.,.,. . 30 .|
0000BF40: 24 3D 22 C8 C5 D2 C5 20 C9 D3 20 C1 20 D3 D4 D2 |$=".... .. . ...|
0000BF50: C9 CE C7 21 22 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 34 30 20 C1 |...!" . 40 .|
0000BF60: 20 3D 20 D6 C1 D2 D0 D4 D2 28 C1 24 29 20 0D 20 | = ......(.$) . |
0000BF70: 20 20 20 20 35 30 20 C2 20 3D 20 C4 C5 C5 CB 28 | 50 . = ....(|
0000BF80: C1 2B 31 29 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 36 30 20 C6 CF |.+1) . 60 ..|
0000BF90: D2 C9 3D 31 D4 CF D0 C5 C5 CB 28 C1 29 3A D0 D2 |..=1......(.):..|
0000BFA0: C9 CE D4 C3 C8 D2 24 28 D0 C5 C5 CB 28 C2 2B C9 |......$(....(.+.|
0000BFB0: 2D 31 29 29 3B 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 CE |-1));:. .|
0000BFC0: C5 D8 D4 20 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 |... . . .HIS|
0000BFD0: 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 20 55 53 45 53 20 D6 C1 | EXAMPLE USES ..|
0000BFE0: D2 D0 D4 D2 20 54 4F 20 4C 4F 43 41 54 45 20 41 |.... TO LOCATE A|
0000BFF0: 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 | STRING VARIABLE|
0000C000: 2E 20 D4 48 45 0D 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 49 53 20 |. .HE.STRING IS |
0000C010: 54 48 45 4E 20 50 52 49 4E 54 45 44 20 4F 4E 20 |THEN PRINTED ON |
0000C020: 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2E 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |THE SCREEN......|
0000C030: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..... |
0000C040: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000C050: 20 20 20 2D 35 30 2D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1B DB | -50-.........|
0000C060: 31 5A 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 |1Z..............|
0000C070: C3 20 34 20 D5 D3 C5 D2 27 D3 20 C7 D5 C9 C4 C5 |. 4 ....'. .....|
0000C080: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000C090: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D8 CF D2 20 0D | ... .|
0000C0A0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000C0B0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000C0C0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000C0D0: 2D 2D 20 0D 20 0D D4 4F 4B 45 4E 3A 20 0D 20 20 |-- . ..OKEN: . |
0000C0E0: 20 20 20 24 C5 C2 20 2D 20 32 33 35 20 0D 20 0D | $.. - 235 . .|
0000C0F0: D4 59 50 45 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 C6 55 4E 43 |.YPE: . .UNC|
0000C100: 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 0D 20 0D C1 43 54 49 4F 4E 3A |TION. . ..CTION:|
0000C110: 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 20 D8 CF D2 20 | . .HE ... |
0000C120: 20 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 20 20 50 45 52 | FUNCTION PER|
0000C130: 46 4F 52 4D 53 20 20 20 54 48 45 20 20 20 42 49 |FORMS THE BI|
0000C140: 54 57 49 53 45 20 20 45 58 43 4C 55 53 49 56 45 |TWISE EXCLUSIVE|
0000C150: 2D 4F 52 0D 4F 50 45 52 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 20 |-OR.OPERATION. |
0000C160: CC 49 4B 45 20 20 C1 CE C4 20 20 4F 52 20 20 CF |.IKE ... OR .|
0000C170: D2 2C 20 20 D8 CF D2 20 57 4F 52 4B 53 20 4F 4E |., ... WORKS ON|
0000C180: 20 49 4E 44 49 56 49 44 55 41 4C 20 42 49 54 53 | INDIVIDUAL BITS|
0000C190: 20 4F 46 20 41 0D 42 59 54 45 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 | OF A.BYTE. .HE |
0000C1A0: 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 54 52 55 54 48 20 |FOLLOWING TRUTH |
0000C1B0: 54 41 42 4C 45 20 45 58 50 4C 41 49 4E 53 3A 0D |TABLE EXPLAINS:.|
0000C1C0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C6 49 52 53 54 20 |. .IRST |
0000C1D0: C2 49 54 20 20 D3 45 43 4F 4E 44 20 C2 49 54 20 |.IT .ECOND .IT |
0000C1E0: 20 D2 45 53 55 4C 54 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .ESULT . |
0000C1F0: 20 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | ---------------|
0000C200: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000C210: 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 20 20 | . 0 |
0000C220: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 0 |
0000C230: 20 20 20 30 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 0 . |
0000C240: 20 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 20 | 0 1 |
0000C250: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 1 . |
0000C260: 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 1 |
0000C270: 20 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 0D 20 20 | 0 1 . |
0000C280: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 1 |
0000C290: 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 | 1 1|
0000C2A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | . |
0000C2B0: 20 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | ---------------|
0000C2C0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------|
0000C2D0: 20 0D 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 D8 CF D2 | . . .HE ...|
0000C2E0: 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 49 53 20 55 53 45 | FUNCTION IS USE|
0000C2F0: 46 55 4C 20 46 4F 52 20 46 4C 49 50 50 49 4E 47 |FUL FOR FLIPPING|
0000C300: 20 42 45 54 57 45 45 4E 20 54 57 4F 0D 43 48 41 | BETWEEN TWO.CHA|
0000C310: 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 2C 20 4F 52 20 46 4C 41 47 |RACTERS, OR FLAG|
0000C320: 20 43 4F 4E 44 49 54 49 4F 4E 53 2E 20 0D 20 0D | CONDITIONS. . .|
0000C330: D3 59 4E 54 41 58 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D8 CF |.YNTAX: . ..|
0000C340: D2 28 3C 56 41 4C 55 45 3E 2C 20 3C 56 41 4C 55 |.(<VALUE>, <VALU|
0000C350: 45 3E 29 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 |E>) . VALUE |
0000C360: 3D 20 30 2D 33 32 37 36 37 20 0D 20 0D C5 58 41 |= 0-32767 . ..XA|
0000C370: 4D 50 4C 45 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 31 30 20 C3 |MPLE: . 10 .|
0000C380: CC D3 3A C6 31 3D 30 3A C6 32 3D 30 3A C1 24 28 |..:.1=0:.2=0:.$(|
0000C390: 30 29 3D 22 CF CE 20 22 3A C1 24 28 31 29 3D 22 |0)=".. ":.$(1)="|
0000C3A0: CF C6 C6 22 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 32 30 20 D0 D2 |..." . 20 ..|
0000C3B0: C9 CE D4 22 D9 CF D5 20 D4 D9 D0 C5 2C 20 C1 CE |..."... ...., ..|
0000C3C0: C4 20 C9 27 CC CC 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 D4 C8 C5 |. .'.. ..... ...|
0000C3D0: 20 C3 C8 C1 D2 C1 C3 D4 C5 D2 D3 22 20 0D 20 20 | .........." . |
0000C3E0: 20 20 20 33 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 22 CF CE 20 D4 | 30 .....".. .|
0000C3F0: C8 C5 20 D3 C3 D2 C5 C5 CE 2E 20 C9 C6 20 D9 CF |.. ....... .. ..|
0000C400: D5 20 D0 D2 C5 D3 D3 20 D4 C8 C5 20 2A 20 CB C5 |. ..... ... * ..|
0000C410: D9 22 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 34 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE |." . 40 ....|
0000C420: D4 22 C9 20 D7 CF CE 27 D4 20 D3 C8 CF D7 20 C1 |.". ...'. .... .|
0000C430: CE D9 20 C3 C8 C1 D2 C1 C3 D4 C5 D2 D3 20 D5 CE |.. .......... ..|
0000C440: D4 C9 CC 20 D9 CF D5 22 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 35 |... ..." . 5|
0000C450: 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 22 D0 D2 C5 D3 D3 20 D4 C8 |0 ....."..... ..|
0000C460: C5 20 2A 20 CB C5 D9 20 C1 C7 C1 C9 CE 2E 22 20 |. * ... ......" |
0000C470: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 36 30 20 C7 C5 D4 C1 24 3A C9 |. 60 ....$:.|
0000C480: C6 C1 24 3D 22 22 D4 C8 C5 CE 36 30 20 0D 20 20 |..$=""....60 . |
0000C490: 20 20 20 37 30 20 C9 C6 C6 31 3D 30 D4 C8 C5 CE | 70 ...1=0....|
0000C4A0: C3 CC D3 3A D0 D2 C9 CE D4 40 33 36 2C C1 24 28 |...:.....@36,.$(|
0000C4B0: C6 32 29 3A C6 31 3D 31 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 38 |.2):.1=1 . 8|
0000C4C0: 30 20 C9 C6 C1 24 3C 3E 22 2A 22 D4 C8 C5 CE 31 |0 ...$<>"*"....1|
0000C4D0: 30 30 3A C5 CC D3 C5 20 C6 32 3D D8 CF D2 28 C6 |00:.... .2=...(.|
0000C4E0: 32 2C 31 29 3A 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D0 |2,1): . .|
0000C4F0: CF CB C5 37 38 33 2C 31 3A D3 D9 D3 36 35 35 32 |...783,1:...6552|
0000C500: 30 20 0D 20 20 20 20 20 39 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 |0 . 90 .....|
0000C510: 40 33 36 2C C1 24 28 C6 32 29 3A D0 CF CB C5 37 |@36,.$(.2):....7|
0000C520: 38 33 2C 30 3A D3 D9 D3 36 35 35 32 30 3A C7 CF |83,0:...65520:..|
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0000D520: 4C 49 44 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 |LIDATION STRING |
0000D530: 57 48 49 43 48 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 0D 53 50 45 |WHICH CAN BE.SPE|
0000D540: 43 49 46 49 45 44 20 49 4E 20 51 55 4F 54 45 53 |CIFIED IN QUOTES|
0000D550: 20 4F 52 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 20 41 20 53 54 | OR THROUGH A ST|
0000D560: 52 49 4E 47 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 2E 20 20 |RING VARIABLE. |
0000D570: C6 4F 52 20 49 4E 53 54 41 4E 43 45 3A 0D 0D 0D |.OR INSTANCE:...|
0000D580: 20 20 20 20 20 C9 CE CC C9 CE C5 24 28 32 30 2C | ......$(20,|
0000D590: 31 34 2C 31 30 2C 22 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 |14,10,"123456789|
0000D5A0: 30 2E 2D 22 29 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 |0.-")... .HI|
0000D5B0: 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 50 4C 41 43 45 20 41 20 43 |S WILL PLACE A C|
0000D5C0: 55 52 53 4F 52 20 41 54 20 52 4F 57 20 32 30 2C |URSOR AT ROW 20,|
0000D5D0: 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 31 34 20 41 4E 44 20 41 | COLUMN 14 AND A|
0000D5E0: 4C 4C 4F 57 20 4F 4E 4C 59 0D 31 30 20 43 48 41 |LLOW ONLY.10 CHA|
0000D5F0: 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 54 4F 20 42 45 20 45 4E |RACTERS TO BE EN|
0000D600: 54 45 52 45 44 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 53 45 20 54 45 |TERED. .HESE TE|
0000D610: 4E 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 41 52 45 |N CHARACTERS ARE|
0000D620: 20 53 50 45 43 49 46 49 45 44 0D 49 4E 20 54 48 | SPECIFIED.IN TH|
0000D630: 45 20 56 41 4C 49 44 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 53 54 52 |E VALIDATION STR|
0000D640: 49 4E 47 2C 20 22 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 |ING, "1234567890|
0000D650: 2E 2D 22 2E 20 20 CF 4E 4C 59 20 54 48 45 53 45 |.-". .NLY THESE|
0000D660: 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 0D 57 49 4C 4C | CHARACTERS.WILL|
0000D670: 20 42 45 20 41 43 43 45 50 54 45 44 2E 0D 0D 20 | BE ACCEPTED... |
0000D680: 20 20 20 20 C1 20 4E 55 4C 4C 20 4F 52 20 41 42 | . NULL OR AB|
0000D690: 53 45 4E 54 20 56 41 4C 49 44 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 |SENT VALIDATION |
0000D6A0: 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 50 41 52 41 4D 54 45 52 20 |STRING PARAMTER |
0000D6B0: 57 49 4C 4C 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 20 41 4C 4C 0D 54 |WILL ALLOW ALL.T|
0000D6C0: 48 45 20 44 45 46 41 55 4C 54 20 43 48 41 52 41 |HE DEFAULT CHARA|
0000D6D0: 43 54 45 52 53 20 54 4F 20 42 45 20 45 4E 54 45 |CTERS TO BE ENTE|
0000D6E0: 52 45 44 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4D |RED... .HE M|
0000D6F0: 41 58 49 4D 55 4D 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 4F 46 |AXIMUM NUMBER OF|
0000D700: 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 41 4C 4C 4F | CHARACTERS ALLO|
0000D710: 57 45 44 20 49 53 20 38 31 2E 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 |WED IS 81.... |
0000D720: 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 27 44 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 | .F YOU'D LIKE |
0000D730: 41 20 44 49 46 46 45 52 45 4E 54 20 54 59 50 45 |A DIFFERENT TYPE|
0000D740: 20 43 55 52 53 4F 52 20 54 4F 20 46 4C 41 53 48 | CURSOR TO FLASH|
0000D750: 20 57 48 49 4C 45 20 C9 CE CC C9 CE C5 24 0D 49 | WHILE ......$.I|
0000D760: 53 20 49 4E 20 55 53 45 2C 20 D0 CF CB C5 20 54 |S IN USE, .... T|
0000D770: 48 45 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 4F |HE ..... VALUE O|
0000D780: 46 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 |F THE CHARACTER |
0000D790: 59 4F 55 27 44 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 4F 0D 46 4C |YOU'D LIKE TO.FL|
0000D7A0: 41 53 48 20 49 4E 20 4C 4F 43 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 |ASH IN LOCATION |
0000D7B0: 38 32 32 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4D |822... .HE M|
0000D7C0: 41 58 49 4D 55 4D 20 4C 45 4E 47 54 48 20 4F 46 |AXIMUM LENGTH OF|
0000D7D0: 20 41 20 56 41 4C 49 44 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 53 54 | A VALIDATION ST|
0000D7E0: 52 49 4E 47 20 49 53 20 31 32 37 2E 0D 0D 0D 0D |RING IS 127.....|
0000D7F0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |................|
0000D800: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |................|
0000D810: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. |
0000D820: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C4 20 C9 20 D3 20 C1 20 | . . . . |
0000D830: C2 20 CC 20 C9 20 CE 20 C7 20 20 20 C2 20 C1 20 |. . . . . . . |
0000D840: D3 20 C9 20 C3 20 20 20 34 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 |. . . 4.... |
0000D850: 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 44 49 53 41 42 4C | .OU CAN DISABL|
0000D860: 45 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 53 |E ..... WITH A S|
0000D870: 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 D3 D9 D3 20 35 38 34 35 31 2E |IMPLE ... 58451.|
0000D880: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 57 49 4C 4C |.. .HIS WILL|
0000D890: 20 4D 41 4B 45 20 45 56 45 52 59 54 48 49 4E 47 | MAKE EVERYTHING|
0000D8A0: 20 4E 4F 52 4D 41 4C 20 45 58 43 45 50 54 20 54 | NORMAL EXCEPT T|
0000D8B0: 48 45 20 53 54 41 52 54 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 |HE START OF ....|
0000D8C0: C3 2E 20 0D C5 56 45 52 59 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E |.. ..VERY COMMAN|
0000D8D0: 44 20 55 53 45 44 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 54 48 49 |D USED AFTER THI|
0000D8E0: 53 20 CD D5 D3 D4 20 42 45 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 |S .... BE ..... |
0000D8F0: D6 32 2E 0D 0D 0D CE 4F 54 45 3A 20 D4 C8 C1 D4 |.2.....OTE: ....|
0000D900: 20 D4 C8 C5 20 D3 D4 C1 D2 D4 20 CF C6 20 C2 C1 | ... ..... .. ..|
0000D910: D3 C9 C3 20 CD D5 D3 D4 20 C2 C5 20 CD C1 CE D5 |... .... .. ....|
0000D920: C1 CC CC D9 20 CD CF D6 C5 C4 20 C2 C1 C3 CB 20 |.... ..... .... |
0000D930: D4 CF 0D 24 30 38 30 31 2E 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |...$0801.... |
0000D940: 20 D3 D9 D3 32 32 31 34 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 57 49 | ...2214 WILL WI|
0000D950: 4C 4C 20 44 4F 20 41 20 57 41 52 4D 20 53 54 41 |LL DO A WARM STA|
0000D960: 52 54 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 |RT WHICH WILL RE|
0000D970: 53 45 54 20 54 48 45 0D 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 |SET THE.COMPUTER|
0000D980: 20 57 49 54 48 4F 55 54 20 4B 49 4C 4C 49 4E 47 | WITHOUT KILLING|
0000D990: 20 46 41 53 54 4C 4F 41 44 53 2E 20 20 C2 C1 D3 | FASTLOADS. ...|
0000D9A0: C9 C3 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 45 52 53 20 57 49 4C 4C |.. POINTERS WILL|
0000D9B0: 20 42 45 0D 4E 4F 52 4D 41 4C 20 42 55 54 20 59 | BE.NORMAL BUT Y|
0000D9C0: 4F 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 43 41 4E 27 |OUR PROGRAM CAN'|
0000D9D0: 54 20 43 4F 4E 54 49 4E 55 45 20 41 46 54 45 52 |T CONTINUE AFTER|
0000D9E0: 20 54 48 49 53 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 53 49 4E 43 | THIS POINT SINC|
0000D9F0: 45 20 49 54 0D 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 CE C5 D7 |E IT.WILL BE ...|
0000DA00: 45 44 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 4C 45 46 |ED. .OU ARE LEF|
0000DA10: 54 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 49 4D 4D 45 44 49 41 |T IN THE IMMEDIA|
0000DA20: 54 45 20 4D 4F 44 45 2E 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |TE MODE.........|
0000DA30: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |................|
0000DA40: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |................|
0000DA50: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..... |
0000DA60: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000DA70: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000DA80: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
0000DA90: 20 20 20 20 20 20 0D | . |
..1..1Z..1Z.................
PREFACE . --------
----------------------------------------
-- . . THERE ARE SEVERAL BASIC EXTEN
SION PROGRAMS AVAILABLE, AND IN.MY OPINI
ON, THEY ALL SHARE A COMMON PROBLEM. O
NCE YOUR PROGRAM.IS WRITTEN, IT WILL O
NLY WORK IF THE EXTENSION PROGRAM IS LOA
DED.FIRST. WORSE, YOU CAN'T SHARE YOUR
PROGRAMS UNLESS EVERYONE OWNS.THE SAME
BASIC EXTENSION THAT YOU OWN. IT WAS T
HIS SHORTCOMING.THAT PROMPTED ME TO WRIT
E BASIC 4. WHAT MAKES BASIC 4 DIFFEREN
T.IS THAT IT ATTACHES ITSELF TO
YOUR BASIC PROGRAM, THUS.ELIMINATING
THE PROBLEMS MENTIONED ABOVE. NOW YOU
CAN USE THE.FULL POWER OF BASIC 4
IN ALL OF YOUR PROGRAMS, AND FREELY.
DISTRIBUTE THEM TO ANYONE. BY THE W
AY, YOU WON'T FIND ANY.PROGRAMMER HEL
PER (I.E. RENUMBER, AUTO ETC.) ROUTINES
IN BASIC 4..EVERY FUNCTION AND COMMAND I
S DESIGNED TO HELP YOU WRITE FASTER,.MO
RE EFFICIENT CODE. I AM ESPECIALLY PROU
D OF THE ARRAY HANDLING.FEATURES. NOW
YOU CAN QUICKLY SEARCH AND SORT STRIN
G ARRAYS,.INSERT AND DELETE ARRAY EL
EMENTS, AND INSTANTLY SUM AN ENTIRE.NUME
RIC ARRAY!.. SEVERAL NEW COMMANDS A
LLOW GREATER CONTROL OVER YOUR TEXT.SC
REENS. THE SCREEN COMMAND WILL LET YOU
SAVE OR LOAD SCREENS TO.AND FROM DISK, O
R TO AND FROM SEVERAL BUFFERS LOCATE
D IN RAM.UNDER ROM. THE COPY, MOV
E AND ERASE COMMANDS OFFER A NEW.DIME
NSION IN SCREEN MANIPULATION... I CO
ULD GO ON RAVING ABOUT BASIC 4, BUT I
THINK YOU SHOULD.TURN THE PAGE AND DISCO
VER THE POWER FOR YOURSELF.....
...RICK NASH ....................1Z..
............ . -------------------
------------------------------- .
U S I N G B A S I C 4 .
----------------------------------
---------------- . . A VERY IMPORTAN
T CONCEPT TO GRASP EARLY ON IS HOW BASIC
4.USES MEMORY, AND HOW IT ATTACHES ITSE
LF TO YOUR PROGRAM. A.TYPICAL SESSION W
ILL BE AS FOLLOWS: .. 1. LOAD BAS
IC 4 WITH LOAD "BASIC 4",8 AND TYPE RUN.
ONCE.YOU DO, YOU'RE IN THE DEVELOPMENT
MODE... 2. YOU WILL SEE A TITLE S
CREEN AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE. AT.THIS P
OINT YOU CAN WRITE YOUR CODE AS USUAL, E
XCEPT THAT YOU HAVE.ACCESS TO ALL OF THE
NEW FEATURES OF BASIC 4. . . 3. W
HEN YOU ARE SATISFIED WITH YOUR CODE,
ISSUE A NORMAL.SAVE COMMAND TO SAVE YOUR
SOURCE CODE. THIS IS MORE COMPACT THAN
.THE CSAVE WHICH SAVES BASIC 4 ALONG WIT
H YOUR PROGRAM. YOU MIGHT.FIND IT CONV
ENIENT TO USE THE CSAVE OPTION BECAUSE
THEN YOU CAN.JUST LOAD YOUR PROGRAM AND
RUN IT AND YOU'VE BOOTED BOTH YOUR.P
ROGRAM AND BASIC!.. . WHEN YOU LOAD
A FILE THAT YOU'VE CSAVED AND TYPE LIST,
YOU.WILL ONLY SEE THE BASIC 4 TITLE SCR
EEN. IF YOU TYPE RUN HOWEVER,.YOUR PROG
RAM WILL RUN. YOU'LL HAVE TO BREAK YOUR
PROGRAM IN.ORDER TO EDIT IT.. . STE
PS 1-3 CAN BE REPEATED AS MANY TIMES AS
NECESSARY SO THAT.YOU CAN DEVELOP YOUR C
ODE AT DIFFERENT SITTINGS (AS NORMAL BAS
IC.ALLOWS). . . SEE APPENDIX A FOR A
MEMORY MAP SHOWING ACTUAL MEMORY USED.B
Y BASIC 4. ...........
-II-.........1Z.............
........ -------------------------
------------------------- .
U S E R G U I D E F O R M A T.
------------------------------------
-------------- . . EACH NEW COMMAND
IS LISTED ON A SEPARATE PAGE, AND INCLUD
ES.THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: ... .
1. THE TOKEN FOR EACH COMMAND. ADVANCE
D PROGRAMMERS WILL.FIND THIS INFORMATION
USEFUL. . . 2. THE COMMAND TYPE.
EITHER FUNCTION OR STATEMENT. . . 3.
THE ACTION. A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF
THE COMMAND. . . 4. THE SYNTAX. TH
IS SECTION SHOWS THE SYNTAX FOR PROPER.O
PERATION. NOTE THAT PARAMETERS ARE ENCL
OSED IN <> FOR CLARITY. .DO NOT TYPE THE
SE CHARACTERS IN YOUR PROGRAM. . . 5
) AN EXAMPLE. A SHORT DEMONSTRATION OF
THE COMMAND AT.WORK..................
-III-........
.1Z................. BASIC 4
USER'S GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS ..------
----------------------------------------
----.STATEMENTS PAGE
FUNCTIONS PAGE. .' (REM)
3 ASC()
3 .@ (AT) 2 BP
EEK() 4 .BPOKE
5 CTRL 10 .
CLS 6 CVF()
11 .COLOR 7
CVI() 12 .CO
PY 8 DEC()
13 .CSAVE 9
DEEK() 14 .DEFU
SR 15 EXEC()
21 .DELETE 16
HEX$() 23 .DOKE
17 INLINE$()
26 .DUP() 18
INSCR$() 27 .ELSE
19 INSTR()
29 .ERASE 20
KEY 30 .FILL
22 MKF$()
31 .HOME 24
MKI$() 32 .IF
25 MOD()
33 .INSERT() 28
PROMPT() 38 .MOVE
34 QUOT()
39 .ON 35
SEARCH() 46 .PAUSE
36 STRING$()
48 .PDELAY 37
SUM() 49 .RESTORE
40 VARPTR()
50 .RVS 41 X
OR() 51 .SCRATCH()
42 SCREEN() 43
.SCROFF 44 SCR
ON 45 .SORT()
47 MEMORY MAP 49.S
CAN CODES 53............
-IV-........1Z...
............... BASIC 4 USER'S GUI
DE ' (REM) .
---------------------------------------
----------- . .TOKEN:.. $CF - 207 . .TYP
E: . . STATEMENT. . .ACTION: ..
SHORTHAND NOTATION FOR REMARK. . .SYNTA
X: . . ' .EXAMPLE: .. 10 REM THIS
IS AN OLD-FASHIONED REMARK.. 20 'HERE IS
THE NEW STYLE!. 30 'WHICH DO YOU PREFER
?. 40 .... PROGRAM CONTINUES HERE .... .
.SEE ALSO:. REM (IN YOUR BASIC MANUAL).
...............
-1-.........1Z.............BASIC
4 USER'S GUIDE @ (PRINT
AT) .----------------------------------
---------------- . .TOKEN:. $EF - 239 .
.TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. MOVE
S CURSOR TO DESIRED SCREEN LOCATION.
THIS FUNCTION IS.USED WITH THE PRINT COM
MAND LIKE THE TAB OR SPC COMMANDS. SCRE
EN.LOCATIONS CAN BE EXPRESSED AS ROW,C
OL OR AS A SCREEN LOCATION 0.TO 999. LI
KE TAB AND SPC, MORE THAN ONE @ CAN
BE USED IN A.SINGLE PRINT COMMAND. MUL
TIPLE @'S IN A SINGLE PRINT COMMAND MUST
.BE SEPARATED BY A COMMA OR SEMICOLON. .
.SYNTAX:.. PRINT@<SCREEN POS>,<VARIABL
E-LIST>. PRINT@(<ROW>, <COL>),<VARIABLE
-LIST> SCREEN. POS = 0-999. ROW = 0-24
. COL = 0-39. VAR-LIST = NORMAL PRINT
COMMAND PARAMETERS. . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS
20 PRINT@0,"THIS IS AT LOCATION 0". 30
PRINT@(10,10),"THIS IS 10,10". 40 P=780.
50 PRINT@P,"780",@P+40,"820" . .SEE ALS
O:.. PRINT, TAB AND SPC IN YOUR BASIC MA
NUAL. ..........
-2-.........1Z................BAS
IC 4 USER'S GUIDE
ASC .-------------------------------
------------------- . .TOKEN: . . $F
8 - 248 . .TYPE:.. FUNCTION. . .ACTION:.
. THIS FUNCTION WORKS EXACTLY LIKE
THE ASC IN YOUR BASIC.MANUAL EXCEPT
THAT IT FIXES A BUG IN THE ORIGINAL. T
HIS ASC WILL.RETURN A 0 FOR A NULL CHARA
CTER WHEREAS THE OLD VERSION PRODUCED.A
N ERROR MESSAGE. . .SYNTAX:.. ASC(<STRIN
G>). STRING = ASCII CHARACTER . .EXAMPLE
:.. 10 A$="". 20 A = ASC(A$). 30 PRINT "
THE ASCII VALUE OF A$ IS:";A . .SEE ALSO
:.. ASC IN YOUR BASIC MANUAL. ..........
... -3-...
.....1Z...........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
BPEEK .----------
----------------------------------------
. .TOKEN:. $EE - 238 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION
. . .ACTION:.. BPEEK (BANK PEEK) RE
TURNS THE VALUE FROM RAM UNDER ANY ROM.
OR I/O LOCATION. THIS AREA IS LOCA
TED FROM $A000 TO $FFFF..BPEEK WILL A
LSO RETURN THE CORRECT VALUE FROM
ANY OTHER.LOCATION, BUT WILL BE SLOWER
THAN THE NORMAL PEEK COMMAND. THIS.FU
NCTION WILL GIVE YOU ACCESS TO THE NOR
MALLY UNUSED RAM AREAS..SEE BPOKE FOR TH
E COMMAND TO POKE TO THESE AREAS. . .SYN
TAX:.. BPEEK(<MEMORY LOCATION>). MEMORY
LOCATION = 0-65535 . .EXAMPLE: . . 10 CL
S. 20 M=DEC("E000"). 30 PRINT@(8,0),"ENT
ER YOUR NAME:". 40 A$=INLINE$(8,17,12).
50 IFA$=""THEN 30. 60 FORI=1TOLEN(A$). 7
0 BPOKEM+(I-1),ASC(MID$(A$,I,1)):NEXT. 8
0 CLS:FORI=1TOLEN(A$). 90 PRINTCHR$(BPEE
K(M+(I-1)));:NEXT . . THIS PROGRAM P
ROMPTS YOU FOR YOUR NAME, THEN POKES I
T INTO.THE RAM UNDER ROM AT ADDRESS $
E000. IT THEN FETCHES YOUR NAME,.AND DIS
PLAYS IT ON THE SCREEN. . .SEE ALSO:. BP
OKE, PEEK AND POKE. ........
-4-.........1Z.......
.....BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
BPOKE .-----------------------
--------------------------- . .TOKEN:. $
DC - 220 . .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:
. . THE BPOKE COMMAND WILL POKE A VA
LUE TO RAM UNDER THE ROM AND.I/O AREA
FROM $A000 TO $FFFF. THIS COMMAND WIL
L ALSO POKE TO.NORMAL RAM, BUT WILL BE S
LOWER THAN THE NORMAL POKE. . .SYNTAX:..
BPOKE <ADDRESS>,<VALUE>. ADDRESS = 0-65
535. VALUE = 0-255 . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS.
20 M=DEC("E000"). 30 PRINT@(8,0),"ENTER
YOUR NAME:". 40 A$=INLINE$(8,17,12). 50
IFA$=""THEN 30. 60 FORI=1TOLEN(A$). 70
BPOKEM+(I-1),ASC(MID$(A$,I,1)):NEXT. 80
CLS:FORI=1TOLEN(A$). 90 PRINTCHR$(BPEEK(
M+(I-1)));:NEXT . . THIS PROGRAM PRO
MPTS YOU FOR YOUR NAME, THEN POKES IT
INTO.THE RAM UNDER ROM AT ADDRESS $E0
00. IT THEN FETCHES YOUR NAME,.AND DISPL
AYS IT ON THE SCREEN. . .SEE ALSO:.. BPE
EK, POKE AND PEEK. .........
-5-........1Z........
............BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
CLS .----------------
---------------------------------- . .TO
KEN:. $CE - 206 . .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .
ACTION:.. THE CLS COMMAND SIMPLY CLE
ARS THE SCREEN. THIS IS EQUIVALENT.TO PR
INT CHR$(147).. .SYNTAX:. CLS . .EXAMPLE
:.. 10 CLS. 20 PRINT "NOTHIN' LIKE A CLE
AN SCREEN!" . .SEE ALSO:.. HOME.........
........ -
6-........1Z.............BASIC 4 USER'S
GUIDE COLOR .---
----------------------------------------
------- . .TOKEN:. $D7 - 215 . .TYPE:. S
TATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. THE COLOR C
OMMAND PROVIDES AN EASY WAY TO CONTROL
SCREEN.BORDER, BACKGROUND AND CHARACTE
R COLORS. NOTE THAT ALL THREE.COLORS
MUST BE SPECIFIED. . .SYNTAX:. COLOR <B
ORDER>,<BACKGROUND>,<CHARACTER>. BORDER
= 0-15. BACKGROUND = 0-15. CHARACTER = 0
-15 . .EXAMPLE:. 10 A=PEEK(53280):B=PEEK
(53281):C=PEEK(646). 20 FORI=0TO15. 30 F
ORJ=0TO15:CLS. 40 FORK=0TO15. 50 COLOR I
,J,K. 60 PRINT STRING$(40,"*");. 70 NEXT
:FORL=1TO50:NEXT. 80 NEXT:NEXT. 90 CLS:C
OLOR A,B,C . . THIS PROGRAM SAVES T
HE CURRENT SCREEN COLORS, THEN DISPLAYS.
ALL COMBINATION OF SCREEN AND CHARACTER
COLORS. THE SCREEN IS.THEN RESTORED
TO THE ORIGINAL COLORS. . .SEE ALSO:. FI
LL ..........
-7-........1Z...............BASIC 4
USER'S GUIDE CO
PY .------------------------------------
-------------- . .TOKEN:. $D3 - 211 . .T
YPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. THE CO
PY COMMAND COPIES LINES ON THE SCREEN. C
OLOR MEMORY IS.MOVED ALONG WITH THE CHAR
ACTERS. THE ORIGINAL LINE IS UNCHANGED.
. .SYNTAX:.. COPY <ROW A> TO <ROW B>. RO
W A = SOURCE ROW (0-24).. ROW B = DESTIN
ATION ROW (0-24). . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS.
20 PRINT STRING$(40,42). 30 PRINT@40,"*"
,@79,"*". 40 FORI=2TO23:COPY1TOI:NEXT. 5
0 COPY 0TO24. 60 PRINT@(8,12),"A QUICK B
ORDER!". 70 FORI=1TO5000:NEXT . .SEE ALS
O:.. MOVE, ERASE, RVS AND FILL .........
... -8-...
......1Z..................BASIC 4 USER'S
GUIDE CSAVE .--
----------------------------------------
-------- . .TOKEN: . $E6 - 230 . .T
YPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. THE CS
AVE COMMAND SAVES THE RUNTIME BASIC MODU
LE ALONG WITH.YOUR SOURCE CODE. THIS
COMBINED PACKAGE WILL LOAD AND RUN LIKE
.ANY OTHER BASIC PROGRAM. IT WILL NOT
LIST HOWEVER. FOR THIS.REASON, YOU M
UST SAVE YOUR "SOURCE FILE" WHILE IN THE
DEVELOPMENT.MODE. USE THE NORMAL SAVE C
OMMAND TO DO THIS. FAILURE TO DO SO.W
ILL RESULT IN THE LOSS OF YOUR WORK.
READ THE MANUAL FOR MORE.INFORMATION. .
.SYNTAX:. CSAVE "<FILENAME>",<DEVICE NUM
BER>,<SA> FILENAME = THE COMBINED .PROGR
AM FILENAME SA = OPTIONAL SECONDARY ADDR
ESS . .EXAMPLE:. CSAVE "THISFILE",8 . .
THIS COMMAND WILL SAVE THE CURRE
NT COMBINED PROGRAM AS.THISFILE TO THE
DISK DRIVE NUMBER 8. ...............
-9-........
1Z.............BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
CTRL .-------------
------------------------------------- .
.TOKEN:. $FC - 252 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION -
SYSTEM VARIABLE. . .ACTION:.. THIS F
UNCTION ACTS LIKE A SYSTEM VARIABLE (EG.
TI$ ST ETC.)..IT RETURNS THE CURRENT ST
ATUS OF THE SHIFT, CONTROL AND COMMODORE
.KEYS. THE VALUES RETURNED ARE AS FOLLOW
S:. . 1 - SHIFT KEY .
2 - COMMODORE KEY . 4 - CONTR
OL KEY IF MORE THAN ONE KEY IS.
PRESSED, THE VALUE RETURNED WILL BE
. THE TOTAL
OF ALL KEYS PRESSED. . .SYNTAX:. CTRL .
.EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS. 20 PRINT"PRESS COMM
ODORE F1 TO CONTINUE...". 30 IF (CTRL AN
D 2)=0THEN30. 40 IF KEY <>4 THEN 30. 50
POKE198,0 . . THIS PROGRAM WAITS FO
R THE USER TO PRESS THE COMMODORE AND.F
1 KEYS TOGETHER BEFORE CONTINUING THE PR
OGRAM. . .SEE ALSO:. KEY ..........
-10-.........1Z
.............BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
CVF .---------------
----------------------------------- . .T
OKEN:. $F6 - 246 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION. . .
ACTION:.. THE CVF FUNCTION CONVERTS
A FOUR BYTE STRING INTO A FLOATING.POINT
VALUE. THE STRING, MUST HAVE BEEN
PRODUCED BY THE MKF$.FUNCTION. USE THESE
FUNCTIONS WITH CARE IF YOU PLAN ON USIN
G THEM.WITH DISK FILES. SOME NUMBERS W
ILL CONVERT TO CARRIAGE RETURNS.WHICH W
ILL MESS UP YOUR SEQUENTIAL FILE. . .SYN
TAX:.. CVF(<STRING>). STRING = 4 BYTE ST
RING PRODUCED BY MKF$ . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 C
LS. 20 A=56000.678. 30 PRINT A:PRINT. 40
A$=MKF$(A). 50 FORI=1TO4:PRINTASC(MID$(
A$,I,1)):NEXT. 60 PRINT:PRINTCVF(A$) . .
THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS A FLOATING P
OINT VALUE IN A, INTO A.FOUR BYTE STR
ING. IT THEN SHOWS THE CONTENTS OF THE
STRING, AND.THEN CONVERTS THE STRING BAC
K INTO A FLOAT AGAIN. . .SEE ALSO:.. CVI
, MKI$ AND MKF$ ..........
-11-........1Z..........
....BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
CVI .------------------------
-------------------------- . .TOKEN:.. $
F5 - 245 . .TYPE:.. FUNCTION. . .ACTION:
.. CONVERTS A TWO BYTE STRING INTO A
N INTEGER. THE STRING MUST.HAVE BEEN PR
EVIOUSLY CONVERTED VIA THE MKI$ FUNCTION
. SEE CVF FOR.WARNINGS ON USING THE CONV
ERSION COMMANDS IN DISK FILES. . .SYNTAX
:. . CVI(<STRING>) . .EXAMPLE:.. 10
CLS. 20 PRINT "ORIGINAL",@16,+"CONVERTE
D". 30 FORI=0TO10:READ D. 40 PRINT@(I+2,
0),D:A$(I)=MKI$(D):NEXT. 50 FORI=0TO10.
60 PRINT@(I+2,18),CVI(A$(I)):NEXT. 70 DA
TA -50,2000,28765,-3897,1024,14. 80 DATA
-4,32438,1798,290,2368 . .SEE ALSO:.. C
VF, MKI$ AND MKF$ ...........
-12-.........1Z.....
.........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
DEC .-------------------
------------------------------- . .TOKEN
:.. $FD - 253 . .TYPE:.. FUNCTION. . .AC
TION:.. CONVERTS A HEXADECIMAL ASCI
I STRING INTO A FLOATING POINT.VALUE.
THE UPPER LIMIT IS APPROXIMATELY 2FFFFF
FF. LARGER NUMBERS.MAY WORK, BUT WILL BE
RETURNED AS SCIENTIFIC NOTATION. IF NON
-HEX.CHARACTERS ARE INCLUDED IN THE STR
ING, DEC WILL RETURN THE TOTAL.UNTIL THE
FIRST NON-HEX CHARACTER. FOR EXAMPLE, D
EC("FAXYZ") WILL.RETURN 250 ($FA = 250).
. .SYNTAX:.. DEC(<STRING>). STRING = VAL
ID HEX ASCII CHARACTERS (0-9, A-F) . .EX
AMPLE:. . 10 CLS. 20 A=DEC("E473"). 30 P
=PEEK(A):A=A+1. 40 IFP=0 THEN END. 50 PR
INTCHR$(P);:GOTO 30 . .SEE ALSO:. HEX$ .
..........
-13-.........1Z...........BASIC 4 USER'S
GUIDE DEEK .--
----------------------------------------
-------- . .TOKEN:.. $E8 - 232 . .TYPE:.
. FUNCTION. . .ACTION:.. DEEK (DOUBL
E PEEK) IS A 16 BIT VERSION OF PEEK. I
T RETURNS.THE 16 BIT VALUE AT ADDRESS AN
D ADDRESS +1. DEEK IS MOST USEFUL.FOR
READING SYSTEM VECTORS. USING DEEK IS TH
E SAME AS: .PEEK(<ADDRESS>)+PEEK(<AD
DRESS+1>)*256 ..SYNTAX:.. DEEK(<ADDRESS>
). ADDRESS = 0-65534 . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CL
S. 20 A=DEC("0314"). 30 READ D$:IFD$="EN
D" THEN END. 40 PRINT D$,TAB(10)RIGHT$(H
EX$(DEEK(A)),4). 50 A=A+2:GOTO 30. 60 DA
TA IRQ,BRK,NMI,OPEN,CLOSE,CHKIN. 70 DATA
CKOUT,CLRCH,CHRIN,CHROUT,STOP. 80 DATA
GETIN,CLALL,USER,LOAD,SAVE. 90 DATA END
. . THIS PROGRAM USES DEEK TO PRINT
THE LOW MEMORY VECTORS IN.THE COMMODORE
64. . .SEE ALSO:. . DOKE, PEEK, POKE
, BPEEK AND BPOKE. ........
-14-.........1Z........
....BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
DEFUSR .------------------------
-------------------------- . .TOKEN:.. $
D8 - 216 . .TYPE:.. STATEMENT. . .ACTION
:.. THE DEFUSR COMMAND SETS UP
THE USR VECTOR AT ADDRESS.785-786. IT
IS EQUIVALENT TO: DOKE 785,<ADDRESS>.
.SYNTAX:.. DEFUSR(<ADDRESS>). ADDRESS =
ADDRESS OF MACHINE LANGUAGE ROUTINE. . .
EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS. 20 FORI=49152TO49155.
30 READ D:POKEI,D:NEXT. 40 DEFUSR(49152
). 50 PRINT "50 TIMES 10 IS"USR(50). 60
END. 70 DATA 32,226,186 :'JSR $BAE2 ;F
AC1=FAC1*10. 80 DATA 96 :'RTS
;RETURN TO BASIC . . THIS PRO
GRAM SETS UP A SMALL ML PROGRAM T
HAT SIMPLY.MULTIPLIES THE NUMBER PASSE
D TO IT BY 10. THE RESULT IS RETURNED.TO
THE BASIC PROGRAM. SEE USR IN YOUR
BASIC GUIDE FOR MORE.INFORMATION. . .
SEE ALSO:.. USR (IN YOUR BASIC GUIDE).
......... -
15-........1Z..........BASIC 4 USER'S GU
IDE DELETE.------
----------------------------------------
----- . .TOKEN:.. $E1 - 225 . .TYPE:.. S
TATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. THE DELETE
COMMAND PHYSICALLY REMOVES AN ELEMENT
FROM AN.ARRAY. ALL ARRAY TYPES A
RE SUPPORTED. HOWEVER, ONLY.SINGLY
-DIMENSIONED ARRAYS MAY BE USED IN
THE DELETE COMMAND..AFTER THE ELEMENT IS
DELETED, THE ARRAY IS SHIFTED DOWNWARD
FROM.THE TOP OF THE ARRAY TO THE DELET
ED ELEMENT. THE LAST ELEMENT IS.THEN CLE
ARED.. .SYNTAX:.. DELETE (ARRAY(ELEMENT)
). ARRAY = STRING, INTEGER OR FLOAT ELEM
ENT = ELEMENT OF.THE ARRAY TO D
ELETE . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS:DIMA$(5). 20
PRINT " BEFORE"TAB(10)"AFTER":PRINT. 30
FORI=0TO5:READA$(I). 40 PRINT I,A$(I):NE
XT. 50 DELETE(A$(3)). 60 FORI=0TO5. 70 P
RINT@(I+2,9),I;A$(I):NEXT. 80 PRINT:PRIN
T"NOTE THAT ELEMENT 3 HAS BEEN . DEL
ETED.. 90 DATA CAT,DOG,TREE,APPLE,FARM,B
IRD . . AT LINE 50 WE SPECIFIED THAT
ELEMENT 3 OF ARRAY A$() WAS TO.BE DELE
TED. NOTE ALSO THAT THE LAST ELEMENT (5
IN THIS CASE) HAS.BEEN CLEARED. . .SEE
ALSO: DUP, INSERT, SCRATCH, SEARCH, SORT
AND SUM. ......
-16-.........1Z..............BASIC
4 USER'S GUIDE
DOKE .---------------------------------
----------------- . .TOKEN:.. $D0 - 208
. .TYPE:.. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. P
OKES A 16 BIT VALUE TO AN ADDRESS AND
ADDRESS+1 IN THE.STANDARD 6502 NOTAT
ION (LOW BYTE, HIGH BYTE). IT IS USEFU
L FOR.INSTALLING VECTORS. . .SYNTAX:.. D
OKE <ADDRESS>,<VALUE>. ADDRESS = 0-65534
. VALUE = 0-65535 . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS.
20 DOKE 828,49152. 30 PRINT DEEK(828) .
. THIS EXAMPLE PLACES THE 16 BIT VAL
UE 49152 AT 828 AND 829..DEEK THEN REA
DS AND DISPLAYS THE 16 BIT VALUE. . .SEE
ALSO: .. DEEK, POKE, PEEK, BPOKE AN
D BPEEK. ............
-17-........1Z.........BASIC
4 USER'S GUIDE
DUP .----------------------------------
---------------- . .TOKEN:. $E2 - 226 .
.TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:. DUP I
S USED TO FILL (DUPLICATE) AN ENTIRE
ARRAY WITH THE.SAME VALUE. ANY TYPE OF
ARRAY WITH ANY AMOUNT OF DIMENSIONS CA
N.BE DUPLICATED. SET THE FIRST ELEMENT
IN THE ARRAY TO THE VALUE.THAT YOU WAN
T TO DUPLICATE, THEN USE DUP TO COPY IT
TO ALL OTHER.ELEMENTS IN THE ARRAY. S
INCE STRING ARRAYS ARE POINTERS TO THE.
ACTUAL TEXT, ONLY ONE STRING IS PRODUC
ED, AND THE ENTIRE ARRAY.POINTS TO IT.
..SYNTAX:.. DUP(<ARRAY NAME>(0[,0]) ARRA
Y NAME = STRING, INTEGER OR FLOAT.ARRAY
SPECIFY ELEMENT 0 (ALL ELEMENTS SHOULD B
E 0 IF MULTIPLY.DIMENSIONED) . .EXAMPLE:
.. 10 DIM A$(20). 20 DIM A%(3,3). 30 DIM
A(2,2,2). 40 A$(0)="HELLO":DUP(A$(0)). 5
0 A%(0,0)=-22:DUP(A%(0,0)). 60 A(0,0,0)=
176.93:DUP(A(0,0,0)). 70 CLS:FORI=0TO20:
PRINTA$(I):NEXT. 80 GOSUB160. 90 CLS:FOR
I=0TO3:FORJ=0TO3. 100 PRINTA%(I,J),:NEXT
:NEXT. 110 GOSUB160. 120 CLS:FORI=0TO2:F
ORJ=0TO2:FORK=0TO2. 130 PRINTA(I,J,K),:N
EXT:NEXT:NEXT. 140 GOSUB160. 150 END. 16
0 A=PROMPT(24,10,"PRESS F1 TO CONTINUE",
. CHR$(133)):RETURN . .SEE ALSO: .
DELETE, INSERT, SCRATCH, SEARCH, SOR
T AND SUM. .....
-18-.........1Z..............BASI
C 4 USER'S GUIDE
ELSE .--------------------------------
------------------ . .TOKEN:. $CD - 205
. .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. PR
OVIDES ALTERNATE ACTION AFTER AN IF-TH
EN COMMAND IN THE.CASE THAT THE IF TES
T FAILS. A COLON MUST PRECEDE THE
ELSE.COMMAND. NESTED ELSE'S ARE NOT SUP
PORTED. . .SYNTAX:.. IF <EXPRESSION> THE
N <STATEMENT> :ELSE <STATEMENT> . EX
PRESSION = TEST THAT EVALUATES TO TRUE O
R . FALSE... STATEMENT
= A GOTO OR LINE NUMBER, OR OTHER .
LEGAL BASIC COMMAND. . .EXAMPL
E:.. 10 CLS. 20 A=50. 30 IF A=10 THEN 50
:ELSE 60. 40 END. 50 PRINT"LINE 50":END.
60 PRINT"LINE 60":END . . SINCE THE
TEST WILL FAIL IN LINE 30, THE PROGRAM
WILL BRANCH.TO LINE 60. ...........
-19-.........1Z
.........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
ERASE .-------------------
------------------------------- . .TOKEN
:. $D1 - 209 . .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACT
ION:.. THE ERASE COMMAND ERASES A SI
NGLE, OR RANGE OF LINES ON THE.SCREEN. .
.SYNTAX:.. ERASE ERASE<ROW> ERASE<ROW A
> TO <ROW B>. . ROW = 0-24 . ROW
A = SOURCE ROW (0-24).. ROW B = DES
TINATION ROW (0-24)...(THE FIRST SYNTAX
ABOVE WILL ERASE THE LINE THAT THE CURSO
R IS.ON). . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 GOSUB90. 20 P
RINT@120,"";:ERASE. 30 GOSUB110:GOSUB90.
40 FORI=0TO24STEP2:ERASEI:NEXT. 50 GOSU
B110:GOSUB90. 60 ERASE6TO18. 70 GOSUB110
:CLS. 80 END. 90 CLS:PRINTSTRING$(40,42)
. 100 FORI=1TO24:COPY0TOI:NEXT. 110 FORI
=1TO2000:NEXT:RETURN . . THIS SIMPLE
PROGRAM DEMONSTRATES ALL THREE FORMS OF
THE.ERASE COMMAND. . .SEE ALSO:. .
COPY, MOVE, RVS AND FILL ......
-20-.........1Z....
......BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
EXEC .----------------------
---------------------------- . .TOKEN:..
$FE - 254 . .TYPE:.. FUNCTION. . .ACTIO
N:.. THIS FUNCTION MAY SEEM STRANGE
AT FIRST, BUT I'M SURE YOU'LL.FIND SOME
INTERESTING USES FOR IT. IT WILL EXECUTE
A STRING AS IF.IT WERE A LINE OF BASIC
CODE! SINCE THIS IS A FUNCTION, THE BASI
C.CODE MUST RETURN A VALUE. COMMANDS SUC
H AS FOR-NEXT, GOTO, GOSUB.AND IF-THEN
WILL NOT WORK INSIDE OF AN EXEC CA
LL. FUNCTIONS.INSIDE AN EXEC CALL HAVE A
CCESS TO VARIABLES IN YOUR PROGRAM. . .S
YNTAX:.. EXEC("<COMMAND>"). COMMAND = AN
Y NORMAL COMMAND THAT RETURNS .
A VALUE. . . EXAMPLE:.. 10 A$(0)="C
HR$(A)). 20 A$(1)="ASC(A$)). 30 A=65. 40
A$=EXEC(A$(0)). 50 PRINT EXEC(A$(1)) .
. THE TWO STRINGS IN LINES 10 AND
20 ARE THE COMMANDS THAT.WILL EXECUTE.
LINE 30 SETS VARIABLE A TO 65. LINE 40
EXECUTES THE.FIRST STRING WHICH CONVERTS
THE VALUE IN A INTO A STRING, AND.A
SSIGNS IT TO A$. LINE 50 EXECUTES
THE SECOND STRING WHICH.CONVERTS THE ST
RING VALUE IN A$ INTO AN ASCII VALUE WHI
CH IS THEN.DISPLAYED. WHEW! I TOLD YOU T
HIS WAS STRANGE! . .SEE ALSO: .
(NOTHING ELSE EVEN COMES CLOSE TO THIS .
ONE!)......
-21-.........1Z.........BASIC 4
USER'S GUIDE F
ILL.------------------------------------
--------------- . .TOKEN:. $D6 - 214 . .
TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. THE F
ILL COMMAND FILLS COLOR MEMORY ON THE EN
TIRE, OR.PARTIAL SCREEN, WITH A SPECIFIE
D COLOR. . .SYNTAX:.. FILL<COLOR> FILL<C
OLOR>,<ROW>,<COL>,<# BYTES> . . COLO
R = 0-15. ROW = 0-24. COL = 0-39
. # BYTES = 1-40 . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 LN
=0:COLOR15,15,6:CLS. 20 CH$=CHR$(145)+CH
R$(17)+CHR$(13). 30 GOSUB150:FORI=0TO10.
40 PRINT@(I+4,14),"CHOICE "+RIGHT$("
" . +MID$(STR$(I),2),2). 50 NEXT. 60
FILL 1,LN+4,14,10. 70 ON KEY CH$; GOTO 9
0,100,110. 80 GOTO 70. 90 D=-1:GOTO120.
100 D=1:GOTO120. 110 PRINT@(17,8),"YOU S
ELECTED ITEM ";LN:END . 120 FILL 6,L
N+4,14,10:LN=LN+D:IFLN<0THENLN=10. 130 I
F LN>10 THEN LN=0. 140 FILL 1,LN+4,14,10
:GOTO70. 150 PRINT@(23,2),"USE UP AND DO
WN ARROWS TO . CHOOSE":RVS23,0,40.
160 PRINT@(24,5),"AND PRESS RETURN TO
. SELECT";:RVS24,0,40:RETURN . .SE
E ALSO:. MOVE, ERASE, RVS AND COPY .....
-22-......
..1Z................BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
HEX$ .--------
----------------------------------------
-- . .TOKEN:. $F2 - 242 . .TYPE:. FUNCTI
ON. . .ACTION:.. THE HEX$ FUNCTION
CONVERTS A FLOATING POINT NUMBER TO A
N.ASCII STRING. THE STRING HAS LEADING
ZEROS, SO YOU CAN EXTRACT.THE PRECISI
ON YOU NEED WITH THE RIGHT$ COMMAND
. THE MAXIMUM.NUMBER ALLOWED IS 21474836
47 (OR $7FFFFFFF). . .SYNTAX:.. HEX$(<NU
MBER>). NUMBER = ANY WHOLE NUMBER 0-2147
483647 . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS. 20 PRINT"DE
C HEX":PRINT. 30 FORI=0TO15. 40 PRINTR
IGHT$(" "+MID$(STR$(I),2),2);. 50 PRINT
TAB(6);RIGHT$(HEX$(I),2). 60 NEXT . .SEE
ALSO:. DEC. .............
-23-........1Z..........
........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
HOME .--------------------
------------------------------ . .TOKEN:
. $E5 - 229 . .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTI
ON:.. HOME PLACES THE CURSOR AT ROW
0, COL 0. IT IS THE SAME AS.PRINT CHR$(1
9). . .SYNTAX:.. HOME . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 H
OME. 20 PRINT"WELCOME HOME!" . . THI
S EXAMPLE PRINTS A MESSAGE AT THE HOME P
OSITION. . .SEE ALSO: . CLS AND PRIN
T@. ...............
-24-.........1Z................
.........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
IF .-------------------
------------------------------- . .TOKEN
:. $CC - 204 . .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACT
ION:.. THE IF COMMAND HAS BEEN UPGRA
DED TO ALLOW THE OPTIONAL ELSE.COMMAND.
IT IS INCLUDED IN THIS MANUAL BECAUSE
THE TOKEN NUMBER.HAS BEEN CHANGED. SEE
ELSE FOR MORE INFORMATION. ............
..........
-25-........1Z..............BASIC 4 USER
'S GUIDE INLINE$ .
----------------------------------------
---------- . .TOKEN:. $FB - 251 . .TYPE:
. FUNCTION. . .ACTION:.. THE INLINE$
(INPUT LINE) FUNCTION, WORKS LIKE
THE INPUT.COMMAND, EXCEPT THAT YOU CAN
SPECIFY THE STARTING POSITION, AND.THE
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CHARACTERS TO AC
CEPT. THE ONLY KEYS.ACCEPTED ARE THE
ASCII CHARACTERS 32-95 INCLUSIVE, THE
DELETE.KEY, THE RETURN AND STOP KEYS. .
.SYNTAX:.. INLINE$(<ROW>,<COL>,<# BYTES>
). ROW = 0-24. COL = 0-39. # BYTES = 1-2
55 . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS. 20 PRINT@(8,0),
"ENTER YOUR NAME:". 30 A$=INLINE$(8,17,2
0). 40 CLS:N=(40-LEN(A$))/2. 50 FORI=0TO
6:PRINT@(I,N),A$;:NEXT. 60 FORI=1TO1000:
FILL MOD(I,16),MOD(I,7),0,40. 70 NEXT .
.SEE ALSO:. INPUT. ...........
-26-........1Z......
........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
INSCR$ .--------------------
------------------------------ . .TOKEN:
. $EC - 236 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION. . .ACTIO
N:.. THE INSCR$ (INPUT FROM SCREEN)
COMMAND READS DATA DIRECTLY.FROM THE
SCREEN, AND PLACES IT IN A STRING VARI
ABLE. THE BYTES.ARE CONVERTED FROM SC
REEN CODES TO ASCII CODES DURING TH
E.TRANSFER. . .SYNTAX:.. INSCR(<ROW>,<CO
L>,<# BYTES>). . ROW = 0-24 . CO
L = 0-39 . # BYTES = 1-40 . .EXAMPLE
:. 10 DIMA$(23). 20 FORI=0TO23:A$(I)=INS
CR$(I,0,40):NEXT . 30 CLS:PAUSE20. 40 FO
RI=0TO23:PRINTA$(I);:NEXT. 50 PAUSE50 .
. THIS PROGRAM READS THE SCREEN (EX
CEPT THE LAST LINE) INTO A.STRING ARRAY.
THE SCREEN IS ERASED, AND AFTER A SHORT
DELAY, THE.SCREEN IS REPLACED. (SEE
THE SCREEN COMMAND FOR A BETTER WAY TO.D
EAL WITH SCREEN SWAPPING). ...........
-27-........
.1Z.........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
INSERT .----------------
---------------------------------- . .TO
KEN:. $E0 - 224 . .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .
ACTION:.. INSERT IS USED TO INSERT
A BLANK ELEMENT AT THE SPECIFIED.SUBSC
RIPT IN AN ARRAY. ALL SINGLY DIMENSI
ONED ARRAY TYPES ARE.SUPPORTED. ALL ELEM
ENTS FROM THE SPECIFIED SUBSCRIPT TO T
HE TOP.OF THE ARRAY ARE MOVED UP ONE
POSITION IN THE ARRAY. THE TOP.ELEMENT
IS LOST, AND THE SPECIFIED ELEMENT
IS CLEARED. NOTE:.BECAUSE THE TOP ELEM
ENT IS ALWAYS LOST, MAKE SURE YOUR ARRA
Y IS.LARGER THAN IT NEEDS TO BE. . .SYNT
AX:.. INSERT(<ARRAY>(<SUBSCRIPT>)).. ARR
AY = STRING, FLOAT OR INTEGER ARRAY . .E
XAMPLE:.. 10 CLS:DIMA$(10). 20 DATA FLOP
PY DISK, COMPUTER, PRINTER. 30 DATA MODE
M, SOFTWARE, BYTE. 40 FORI=0TO5:READ A$(
I):NEXT. 50 PRINT"BEFORE";TAB(20);"AFTER
". 60 FORI=0TO10. 70 PRINT@(I+2,0),RIGHT
$(" "+MID$(STR$(I),2),2); . 80 PRINT"
";A$(I):NEXT. 90 INSERT(A$(2)):A$(2)=" *
CHECK IT OUT!". 100 INSERT(A$(4)):A$(4)=
" *THIS IS NEW!" . 110 FORI=0TO10 . 120
PRINT@(I+2,20),RIGHT$(" "+MID$(STR$(I),
2),2); 130 PRINT" .";A$(I):NEXT . .
THIS INSERTS TWO NEW ELEMENTS INTO AN A
RRAY AND DISPLAYS THE.NEW ARRAY. . .SEE
ALSO:. DUP, DELETE, SCRATCH, SEARCH, SOR
T AND SUM......
-28-.........1Z..........BASIC 4 US
ER'S GUIDE INSTR
.--------------------------------------
------------ . .TOKEN:. $E7 - 231 . .TYP
E:. FUNCTION. . .ACTION:.. THE MAIN
STRING IS SEARCHED TO SEE IF IT CONTA
INS THE SUB.STRING. IF IT DOES, THE POSI
TION IS RETURNED, OTHERWISE A ZERO IS.RE
TURNED. AN OPTIONAL STARTING POSITION
CAN BE SPECIFIED. IF IT.IS NOT, THEN THE
STARTING POSITION IS ASSUMED TO BE
THE FIRST.CHARACTER OF THE MAIN STRING.
. .SYNTAX:.INSTR([<POS>], <MAIN STRING>,
<SUB STRING>)..POS = OPTIONAL POSITION
TO BEGIN THE SEARCH..MAIN STRING = THE S
TRING TO SEARCH..SUB STRING = THE KEY T
O SEARCH FOR. . . 10 CLS. 20 PRINT@(4,0)
,"PHONE:":Z$="(...) ...-....". 30 ROW=4:
COL=7:LN=14. 40 GOSUB 500:CLS:PRINT"YOU
ENTERED "A$:END. 500 FLAG=0:CT=0:P=0:PRI
NT@(ROW,COL),Z$. 510 A=ASC(INSCR$(ROW,CO
L+P,1)):IF((P<LN)AND . (A<>46))THENP=
P+1:GOTO510. 520 CT=CT+1:IFCT=20THENFLAG
=XOR(FLAG,1):CT=0:RVS .ROW,COL+P,1
. 530 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN520. 540 IFINSTR(
"1234567890",A$)THEN 570 . 550 ONINSTR(C
HR$(13)+CHR$(20),A$) GOTO 600,610. 560 G
OTO 520. 570 IFP=LNTHEN 510 . 580 IFFLAG
=1THENRVS ROW,COL+P,1. 590 PRINT@(ROW,CO
L+P),A$;:P=P+1:GOTO510. 600 A$=INSCR$(RO
W,COL,LN):RETURN. 610 PRINT@(ROW,COL+P),
" ";:GOTO500 . . THIS EXAMPLE PROMPT
S THE USER TO ENTER A PHONE NUMBER. IT.U
SES INSTR TO ACCEPT ONLY THE NUMBER KEYS
, OR <RETURN> AND <DEL>.......
-29-........1Z......
...........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
KEY .-----------------
--------------------------------- . .TOK
EN:. $F7 - 247 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION - SYST
EM VARIABLE. . .ACTION:.. THIS FUNC
TION ACTS LIKE A SYSTEM VARIABLE (I.
E. TI$, ST.ETC.). IT RETURNS THE SCAN CO
DE (NOT ASCII) OF THE CURRENT KEY.BEI
NG PRESSED. THIS FUNCTION IS THE S
AME AS PEEK(203). SEE.APPENDIX B FOR A
LIST OF SCAN CODES. THE ON COMMAND
HAS BEEN.MODIFIED TO RECOGNIZE THE
KEY FUNCTION. SEE ON FOR MORE.INFOR
MATION. ..SYNTAX: KEY . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 C
LS. 20 PRINT "PRESS COMMODORE F1 TO CONT
INUE...". 30 IF (CTRL AND 2)=0THEN30. 40
IF KEY <> 4 THEN 30. 50 POKE198,0 . .SE
E ALSO:. CTRL AND ON. ..............
-30-........1Z
.................BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
MKF$ .-----------
---------------------------------------
. .TOKEN:. $F4 - 244 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION.
. .ACTION:.. THE MKF$ FUNCTION CONV
ERTS A FLOATING POINT VALUE, INTO A 4.B
YTE STRING. SEE CVF FOR WARNINGS ON USI
NG THESE STRINGS IN DISK.FILES. . .SYNTA
X:. MKF$(<FLOAT>). FLOAT = ANY FLOATING
POINT VALUE. . .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS. 20 A
= 56000.678. 30 PRINT A:PRINT . 40 A$=MK
F$(A). 50 FORI=1TO4:PRINTASC(MID$(A$,I,1
)):NEXT. 60 PRINT:PRINTCVF(A$) . .SEE AL
SO:. CVF, MKI$ AND CVI. ..............
-31-........
1Z................BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
MKI$ .----------
----------------------------------------
. .TOKEN:. $F3 - 243 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION
. . .ACTION:.. THE MKI$ CONVERTS ANY
INTEGER INTO A TWO BYTE STRING. SEE.CVF
FOR WARNINGS ON USING THESE STRINGS IN
DISK FILES. . .SYNTAX:.. MKI$(<INTEGER>)
. .EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS:DIMA$(10). 20 PRIN
T"ORIGINAL",@16,"CONVERTED". 30 FORI=0TO
10:READ D. 40 PRINT@(I+2,0),D:A$(I)=MKI$
(D):NEXT. 50 FORI=0TO10. 60 PRINT@(I+2,1
8),CVI(A$(I)):NEXT. 70 DATA -50,2000,287
65,-3897,1024,14. 80 DATA -4,32438,1798,
290,2368 . .SEE ALSO:.. MKF$, CVI AND CV
F. .............
-32-........1Z..................BA
SIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
MOD .------------------------------
-------------------- . .TOKEN:. $F1 - 24
1 . .TYPE:. FUNCTION. . .ACTION:.. T
HE MOD FUNCTION RETURNS THE REMAINDER OF
AN INTEGER.DIVISION. . .SYNTAX: ..
MOD(<INTEGER A>, <INTEGER B>).. INTEGER
A = DIVIDEND.. INTEGER B = DIVISOR. . .
EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS. 20 PRINT "THE REMAIND
ER OF 10 / 4 IS" MOD(10,4) . .SEE ALSO:.
QUOT. ...............
-33-........1Z.............B
ASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
MOVE .-----------------------------
--------------------- . .TOKEN:. $D4 - 2
12 . .TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:..
MOVE COPIES A SCREEN ROW TO ANOTHER SCR
EEN. ROW. IT THEN CLEARS THE ORIGINAL RO
W. . .SYNTAX:.. MOVE <ROW A> TO <ROW B>
.. ROW A = SOURCE ROW (0-24).. ROW B = D
ESTINATION ROW (O-24). . .EXAMPLE:.. 10
CLS. 20 PRINT STRING$(40,"*");. 30 PRINT
"** MOVIN' RIGHT ALONG **";. 40 PR
INT STRING$(40,"*");:PAUSE10. 50 FORI=0T
O21:MOVEI+2TOI+3:MOVEI+1TOI+2: . MOVE
ITOI+1:NEXT. 60 FORI=24TO3STEP-1:MOVEI-2
TOI-3:MOVEI-1TO . I-2:MOVEITOI-1:NEXT
. 70 PRINT@(5,3),"HOW'S THAT FOR A MOVIN
G MESSAGE?" . . THIS EXAMPLE PRINTS
A "MOVING MESSAGE". NOTE THAT THE STRING
.IN LINE 30 IS 40 CHARACTERS WIDE. . .SE
E ALSO:.. COPY, ERASE, RVS AND FILL.....
..... -34-.
.......1Z..............BASIC 4 USER'S GU
IDE ON .-----
----------------------------------------
----- . .TOKEN:. $DE - 222 . .TYPE:. STA
TEMENT. . .ACTION:.. THE ON COMMAND
HAS BEEN UPGRADED TO WORK WITH THE KEY.C
OMMAND. THE ON COMMAND WORKS AS BEFORE,
BUT NOW YOU CAN ALSO.TEST FOR KEYSTROKES
. PLEASE NOTE THE USE OF THE SEMICOLON I
N THE.SYNTAX. . .SYNTAX:..ON KEY <STRING
> ; GOSUB / GOTO <LINENUMBER>[,<LINENUMB
ER>].... . STRING = ASCII KEYS TO MA
TCH. . .EXAMPLE:. 10 CLS:PRINT"PRESS A-D
:". 20 ON KEY "ABCD";GOTO 100,200,300,40
0. 30 GOTO 20. 100 PRINT"YOU PRESSED A":
END. 200 PRINT"YOU PRESSED B":END. 300 P
RINT"YOU PRESSED C":END. 400 PRINT"YOU P
RESSED D":END . . THE EXAMPLE ABOVE
WAITS FOR A KEY A-D (AS SPECIFIED IN T
HE.LITERAL STRING). WHEN ONE IS PRESSE
D, A MESSAGE INDICATES WHICH.KEY IT WAS.
NOTE THE SEMI- COLON IN LINE 20. Y
OU WILL GET A.SYNTAX ERROR WITHOUT IT.
...........
-35-.........1Z.................BASIC 4
USER'S GUIDE PA
USE .-----------------------------------
--------------- . .TOKEN:. $D5 - 213 . .
TYPE:. STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.. THE
PAUSE COMMAND CAUSES A DELAY. AN O
PTIONAL NUMBER.SPECIFIES THE DURATION (
IN 1/10 SECOND INCREMENTS). IF NO NUMBE
R.IS GIVEN, THEN THE DELAY WILL CONTIN
UE UNTIL A THE <RETURN> KEY.IS PRESSED.
NOTE THAT THE <STOP> KEY IS SCANNED DURI
NG THE DELAY,.SO YOU CAN ABORT LONG DELA
YS. THE 1/10 FIGURE IS APPROXIMATE. . .S
YNTAX:.. PAUSE [<NUM>].. NUM = OPTIONAL
NUMBER OF 1/10 SECONDS IN THE DELAY. . .
EXAMPLE:.. 10 CLS. 20 PRINT "A 10 SECOND
DELAY...". 30 PAUSE120 . 40 PRINT "PAUS
E UNTIL <RETURN> IS PRESSED...". 50 PAUS
E .............
-36-.........1Z................BASI
C 4 USER'S GUIDE
PDELAY .--------------------------------
------------------ . .TOKEN:. $D9 - 217
. .TYPE: . STATEMENT. . .ACTION:. .
THE PDELAY COMMAND SETS THE BLI
NK RATE FOR THE PROMPT.COMMAND. IF A P
DELAY OF 0 IS SPECIFIED, THEN THE PROM
PT COMMAND.WILL NOT BLINK. . .SYNTAX: ..
PDELAY <NUM> .. NUM = BLINK RAT
E (0-255).. 0 = NO BLINK. . .EXAMPLE
:. . 10 CLS . 20 PDELAY 15 .
30 A=PROMPT(8,10,"CONTINUE? (Y/N)","YN"
) . 40 IF CHR$(A)="N"THEN30 . .SEE A
LSO: . PROMPT. .............
-37-.........1Z...
...........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
PROMPT .-----------------
--------------------------------- . .TOK
EN: . $ED - 237 . .TYPE: . FUNCT
ION. . .ACTION:. . THE PROMPT COMM
AND WILL DISPLAY A MESSAGE AT A SPECIF
IED.LOCATION ON THE SCREEN. PROMPT THEN
WAITS FOR A KEY PRESS THAT.MATCHES ON
E OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE VALIDATION
STRING. ONCE A.VALID KEY IS PRESSED, IT
S ASCII VALUE IS RETURNED BY THE PROMP
T.FUNCTION.. .SYNTAX:. . PROMPT(<ROW>,<C
OL>,<MESSAGE>,<VALIDATION STRING>) ..
ROW = 0-24 . COL = 0-39 . MESS
AGE = MESSAGE TO DISPLAY . VALIDATIO
N STRING = ASCII KEYS THAT ARE ALLOWED,
TO CAUSE.THE PROGRAM TO RESUME. . .EXAMP
LE:. . 10 CLS . 20 PDELAY 15 .
30 A=PROMPT(8,10,"CONTINUE? (Y/N)","Y
N") . 40 IF CHR$(A)="N"THEN30 . .SEE
ALSO: . PDELAY. ...........
-38-........1Z....
..............BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
QUOT .--------------
------------------------------------ . .
TOKEN: . $F0 - 240 . .TYPE: . FU
NCTION. . .ACTION:. . THE QUOT FUN
CTION RETURNS THE QUOTIENT FROM AN I
NTEGER.DIVISION. THE MOD FUNCTION CAN BE
USED TO RETURN THE REMAINDER. . .SYNTAX
: . QUOT(<NUM A>, <NUM B>) . NUM
A = DIVIDEND . NUM B = DIVISOR . .E
XAMPLE:. . 10 CLS . 20 PRINT "10
0 DIVIDED BY 6 IS";QUOT(100,6) . 30
PRINT . 40 PRINT "WITH A REMAINDER O
F";MOD(100,6) . .SEE ALSO: . MOD....
...........
-39-.........1Z...............BASIC 4 U
SER'S GUIDE RESTOR
E .-------------------------------------
------------- . .TOKEN: . $E4 - 228
. .TYPE: . STATEMENT. . .ACTION:..
THE RESTORE WORKS LIKE THE NORMAL BAS
IC VERSION, EXCEPT THAT.YOU CAN SPECIFY
A LINE NUMBER TO RESTORE TO. THIS FEATU
RE ALLOWS.YOU TO ACCESS DATA STATEMENTS
IN ANY ORDER THAT YOU WISH.. .SYNTAX: .
RESTORE [<LINE NUMBER>] . LINE N
UMBER = OPTIONAL LINE TO SET DATA .
POINTER TO. . .EXAMPLE: . 10 DATA
SPECIFY THE LINE . 20 DATA DATA POI
NTER TO BE SET TO. . 30 DATA NOW YOU
CAN . 40 DATA THAT YOU WANT THE .
50 CLS . 60 RESTORE30:READD$:PRIN
TD$ . 70 RESTORE10:READD$:PRINTD$ .
80 RESTORE40:READD$:PRINTD$ . 90
RESTORE20:READD$:PRINTD$ . .SEE ALSO:.
. DATA AND RESTORE IN YOUR BASIC MAN
UAL............
-40-.........1Z........BASIC 4 USER
'S GUIDE RVS .
----------------------------------------
---------- . .TOKEN: . $D2 - 210 . .
TYPE: . STATEMENT. . .ACTION:. .
THE RVS COMMAND WILL INVERT THE CHARACT
ERS ON A SPECIFIED.AREA OF THE SCREEN. .
.SYNTAX: . RVS <ROW>,<COL>,<# CHARS
> . ROW = 0-24 . COL = 0-39 .
# CHARS = 1-40 . .EXAMPLE: . 10 LN
=0:COLOR15,15,6:CLS . 20 CH$=CHR$(14
5)+CHR$(17)+CHR$(13) . 30 GOSUB150:F
ORI=0TO10 . 40 PRINT@(I+4,14),"CHOIC
E "+RIGHT$( . " "+MID$(STR$(I),2
),2) . 50 NEXT . 60 RVS LN+4,13,
11 . 70 ON KEY CH$; GOTO 90,100,110
. 80 GOTO 70 . 90 D=-1:GOTO120 .
100 D=1:GOTO120 . 110 PRINT@(17
,8),"YOU SELECTED ITEM ";LN:END . 12
0 RVS LN+4,13,11:LN=LN+D:IFLN<0THENLN=10
. 130 IF LN>10 THEN LN=0 . 140
RVS LN+4,13,11:GOTO70 . 150 PRINT@(2
3,2),"USE UP AND DOWN ARROWS TO .
CHOOSE":RVS23,0,40 . 160 PRINT@(2
4,5),"AND PRESS RETURN TO . SEL
ECT";:RVS24,0,40:RETURN . . THIS EXA
MPLE USES THE RVS COMMAND TO MAKE A NICE
"SCROLLING.BAR" MENU. . .SEE ALSO: ..
ERASE, MOVE, FILL AND COPY. .....
-41-.........1
Z..............BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
SCRATCH .-------------
------------------------------------- .
.TOKEN: . $E3 - 227 . .TYPE: . S
TATEMENT. . .ACTION:. . THE SCRATCH
COMMAND IS USED TO DELETE AN ENTIRE AR
RAY, AND.RETURN THE MEMORY BACK TO
THE SYSTEM. THINK OF THE SCRATCH.COMMA
ND AS KIND OF AN UN-DIM. IF THE ARRAY
IS OF TYPE STRING,.THEN ALL STRINGS AR
E RELEASED FROM THE STRING TABLE. . .SYN
TAX:. . SCRATCH(<ARRAY NAME>(0)) ..
ARRAY NAME = STRING, FLOAT OR INTEGE
R ARRAY. . .EXAMPLE:. . 10 CLS:PRINT
"FREE MEMORY-":PRINT . 20 PRINT" B
EFORE DIM:" 65535-FRE(0) . 30 DIMA(2
00) . 40 PRINT" AFTER DIM:"65535-
FRE(0) . 50 SCRATCH(A(0)) . 60 P
RINT"AFTER SCRATCH:" 65535-FRE(0) .
70 PRINT:PRINT "NOTE THAT ALL MEMORY HAS
BEEN . RETURNED." . .SEE ALSO:.
. DELETE, DUP, INSERT, SEARCH, SORT
AND SUM. ...........
-42-........1Z..........BASIC
4 USER'S GUIDE SC
REEN .----------------------------------
---------------- . .TOKEN: . $DD - 2
21 . .TYPE: . STATEMENT. . .ACTION:.
. THE SCREEN COMMAND IS USED TO S
AVE AND LOAD TEXT SCREENS.TO/FROM DISK.
SCREENS CAN ALSO BE SAVED AND LOADED
FROM ONE OF.FOUR BUFFERS UNDER THE KE
RNAL ROM. WHEN USING THE BUFFERS, TWO.O
PERATIONS CAN BE PERFORMED. EXCHANGE WIL
L SWAP THE TWO SCREENS..PUT WILL COPY T
HE SOURCE SCREEN TO THE DESTINATION. . .
SYNTAX:. . SCREEN(<OPERATION>, <SOUR
CE>, <DEST>). . OPERATION = E FOR
EXCHANGE, P FOR PUT. . SOURCE = 0-
4 (DISPLAY IS 0, BUFFERS ARE 1-4).
DEST = 0-4 (DISPLAY IS 0, BUFFERS ARE 1
-4) . .. SCREEN(<OPERATION>,<NUM>,<
FILENAME>). . OPERATION = S FOR SA
VE TO DISK, L FOR LOAD. . NUM = SO
URCE NUMBER FOR SAVE, DESTINATION
FOR.LOAD. . FILENAME = ANY
LEGAL DISK FILE NAME. . . NOTE: NUM
CAN BE OMITTED FROM THE DISK LOAD VERSIO
N. IN.THAT CASE, THE SCREEN IS PUT INTO
THE SAME BUFFER NUMBER FROM.WHICH IT WA
S SAVED. . .EXAMPLE: . 10 SCROFF:FOR
I=1TO4:CLS . 20 PRINT@(I,8),"THIS IS
SCREEN" I . 25 PRINT:FORJ=1TO18:PRI
NTSTRING$(40,64+J);:NEXT . 30 FILLI-
1:SCREEN(P,0,I):NEXT:CLS:SCRON . 40
FORI=1TO4:SCREEN(P,I,0):PAUSE60:NEXT .
.THIS EXAMPLE STASHES AWAY 4 SCREENS,
THEN DISPLAYS.......
-43-........1Z................
BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
SCROFF .----------------------------
---------------------- . .TOKEN: . $
DB - 219 . .TYPE: . STATEMENT. . .AC
TION:. . THE SCROFF COMMAND TURNS
OFF THE VIDEO DISPLAY. THIS IS.USEFUL
FOR DRAWING SCREENS WITHOUT THE USER
BEING ABLE TO SEE.THEM BEING DRAWN.
CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN SO THAT ERRORS D
O NOT.HAPPEN DURING A SCROFF, IF THEY DO
, THE ERROR MESSAGE WILL NOT BE.SEEN!.
PRESS RUN-STOP/RESTORE TO RESTORE NOR
MAL VIDEO IF THIS.HAPPENS. . .SYNTAX: .
SCROFF . .EXAMPLE: . 10 SCROFF .
20 CLS . 30 PRINTSTRING$(80,"*"
); . 40 FORI=1TO14:PRINT"**"SPC(36)"
**";:NEXT . 50 PRINTSTRING$(80,"*");
. 60 PRINT@(8,6),"THIS WILL APPEAR
INSTANTLY!" . 70 SCRON:PAUSE120 . .S
EE ALSO: . SCRON. .............
-44-........1Z.
................BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
SCRON .------------
-------------------------------------- .
.TOKEN: . $DA - 218 . .TYPE: .
STATEMENT. . .ACTION:. . THE SCRON C
OMMAND TURNS ON THE SCREEN AFTER SCROFF
HAD BEEN.USED TO TURN IT OFF. . .SYNTAX:
. SCRON . .EXAMPLE:. . 10 SCROF
F . 20 CLS . 30 PRINTSTRING$(80,
"*"); . 40 FORI=1TO14:PRINT"**"SPC(3
6)"**";:NEXT . 50 PRINTSTRING$(80,"*
"); . 60 PRINT@(8,6),"THIS WILL APPE
AR INSTANTLY!" . 70 SCRON:PAUSE120 .
.SEE ALSO: .. SCROFF. .............
. -45-.....
...1Z.........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
SEARCH .--------------
------------------------------------ . .
TOKEN: . $F9 - 249 . .TYPE: . FU
NCTION. . .ACTION:. . THE SEARCH COM
MAND IS USED TO QUICKLY SEARCH A STRING
ARRAY.FOR A SPECIFIED SEARCH KEY. THE
ARRAY CAN BE SEARCHED IN ANY ONE.OF SIX
DIFFERENT RELATIONAL OPERATIONS. IF THE
KEY IS FOUND, THEN.SEARCH RETURNS THE EL
EMENT NUMBER OF THE MATCH. IF THE KEY IS
NOT.FOUND, THEN SEARCH RETURNS -1. . .S
YNTAX:. . SEARCH(<OPERATOR>, <ARRAY$
(0)>, <KEY>) .. OPERATOR: 1 = LESS TH
AN . 2 = EQUAL TO .
3 = LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO .
4 = GREATER THAN . 5
= NOT EQUAL TO . 6 = GREAT
ER THAN OR EQUAL TO . ARRAY = STRING AR
RAY TO BE SEARCHED. . KEY = SEARCH KEY.
. .EXAMPLE:. 10 CLS:DIMA$(5):FORI=0
TO5:READA$(I):NEXT . 20 DATA ZEBRA,C
AR,COMPUTER,RADIO,APPLE,TREE . 30 FO
RI=0TO5:PRINTI,A$(I):NEXT . 40 PRINT
:PRINT . 50 K$="TREE":GOSUB100 .
60 K$="CAR":GOSUB100 . 70 K$="AUTO"
:GOSUB100 . 80 END . 100 S=SEARC
H(2,A$(0),K$) . 110 IFS>-1THENPRINTK
$" WAS FOUND AT ELEMENT "S . 120 IFS
<0THENPRINTK$" WAS NOT FOUND" . 130
RETURN . .SEE ALSO: . INSERT, DELETE
, DUP, SCRATCH, SORT AND SUM......
-46-.........1Z.
..........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
SORT .------------------
-------------------------------- . .TOKE
N: . $DF - 223 . .TYPE: . STATEM
ENT. . .ACTION:.. THE SORT COMMAND
IS USED TO SORT A STRING ARRAY IN
TO.ASCENDING OR DESCENDING ORDER. IT US
ES THE SHELL METZNER SORTING.ALGORITHM.
NOTE THAT ELEMENT ZERO IS NOT SORTED. .
.SYNTAX:. . SORT(<DIRECTION>, <ARRAY
$(0)>). . DIRECTION = A FOR ASCENDIN
G. . D FOR DESCENDING .
ARRAY = STRING ARRAY TO SORT. . .EXA
MPLE: . . 10 CLS:DIMA$(6):FORI=1TO6:
READA$(I):NEXT . 20 DATA RADIO,ZEBRA
,COMPUTER,CAR,APPLE,TREE . 30 PRINT"
UNSORTED","ASCENDING","DESCENDING":.
PRINT . 40 FORI=1TO6:PRINTA$(I):
NEXT . 50 SORT(A,A$(0)):PRINT@(2,0),
""; . 60 FORI=1TO6:PRINT ,A$(I):NEXT
. 70 SORT(D,A$(0)):PRINT@(2,0),"";
. 80 FORI=1TO6:PRINT ,,A$(I):NEXT .
. THIS SIMPLE PROGRAM DEMONSTRATES T
HE SORT FUNCTION. A SMALL.ARRAY IS LOA
DED WITH STRINGS, IT IS THEN SORTED IN A
SCENDING AND.DESCENDING ORDER AND DISPLA
YED ON THE SCREEN . .SEE ALSO: . INS
ERT, DELETE, DUP, SCRATCH, SEARCH AND SU
M. ........
-47-.........1Z..............BASIC 4 US
ER'S GUIDE STRING$
.--------------------------------------
------------ . .TOKEN: . $E9 - 233 .
.TYPE: . FUNCTION. . .ACTION:. .
THE STRING$ FUNCTION RETURNS A STRING
OF N COPIES OF THE.SPECIFIED CHARACTER (
UP TO 255). . .SYNTAX:. . STRING$(<
NUM>,<STRING>). . NUM = NUMBER OF
COPIES . STRING = THE CHARACTER TO
COPY . . STRING$(<NUM>,<ASCII NU
MBER>) .. NUM = NUMBER OF COPIES .
ASCII NUMBER = ASCII VALUE OF DES
IRED . CHARACTER. .
.EXAMPLE:. . 10 CLS:A$=CHR$(45) .
20 PRINT STRING$(40,"-") . 30 PRI
NT STRING$(40,45) . 40 PRINT STRING$
(40,A$) . . THIS PROGRAM DEMONSTRATE
S THE SEVERAL WAYS OF PASSING THE.STRING
PARAMETER TO THE STRING$ COMMAND. ....
....... -48
-........1Z...............BASIC 4 USER'S
GUIDE SUM .--
----------------------------------------
-------- . .TOKEN: . $FA - 250 . .TY
PE: . FUNCTION. . .ACTION:.. THE
SUM FUNCTION RETURNS THE SUM OF AN ENTI
RE NUMERIC ARRAY..THE ARRAY MUST BE FLOA
TING POINT OR INTEGER. . .SYNTAX:. .
SUM(<ARRAY>(0)). . ARRAY = AN INTEG
ER OR FLOAT ARRAY. . .EXAMPLE:. . 10
CLS:DIM A(10) . 20 DATA 500,299.60,
53.80,40,20,1000, . 67.3,666.23,1
23.48,87,200 . 30 FORI=0TO10:READ A(
I):NEXT . 40 PRINT"THE SUM OF:" .
50 FORI=0TO10:PRINTTAB(10)A(I):NEXT .
60 PRINTTAB(10)"----------" . 70
PRINT TAB(6)"IS: "SUM(A(0)) . .SEE ALS
O: .. INSERT, DELETE, DUP, SCRATCH,
SEARCH AND SORT............
-49-.........1Z........
......BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
VARPTR .----------------------
---------------------------- . .TOKEN: .
$EA - 234 . .TYPE: . FUNCTION.
. .ACTION:. . THE VARPTR FUNCTION
RETURNS THE ADDRESS OF THE SPECIFIED.V
ARIABLE. NOTE THAT STRINGS RETURN A POI
NTER TO THE STRING, AND.ITS LENGTH. FO
R MORE INFORMATION ON VARIABLES AND HO
W THEY ARE.STORED IN MEMORY, SEE TOOL KI
T BASIC, BY DAN HEEB, PUBLISHED BY.COM
PUTE! BOOKS, OR MASTERING THE COMMO
DORE 64 BY JONES &.CARPENTER, PUBLIS
HED BY WILEY PRESS. . .SYNTAX:. . VA
RPTR(<VARIABLE>). . VARIABLE = ANY L
EGAL BASIC VARIABLE. . .EXAMPLE:. .
10 CLS . 20 DIM A$,A,B,I . 30 A
$="HERE IS A STRING!" . 40 A = VARPT
R(A$) . 50 B = DEEK(A+1) . 60 FO
RI=1TOPEEK(A):PRINTCHR$(PEEK(B+I-1));:.
NEXT . . THIS EXAMPLE USES VA
RPTR TO LOCATE A STRING VARIABLE. THE.ST
RING IS THEN PRINTED ON THE SCREEN......
..... -50-.
........1Z..........BASIC 4 USER'S GUIDE
XOR .--------
----------------------------------------
-- . .TOKEN: . $EB - 235 . .TYPE: .
FUNCTION. . .ACTION: . THE XOR
FUNCTION PERFORMS THE BITWISE E
XCLUSIVE-OR.OPERATION. LIKE AND OR O
R, XOR WORKS ON INDIVIDUAL BITS OF A.BY
TE. THE FOLLOWING TRUTH TABLE EXPLAINS:.
. FIRST BIT SECOND BIT RESULT
. -------------------------------
. 0 0 0 .
0 1 1 .
1 0 1 .
1 1 1 .
------------------------------- . .
THE XOR FUNCTION IS USEFUL FOR FLIPPING
BETWEEN TWO.CHARACTERS, OR FLAG CONDITI
ONS. . .SYNTAX: . XOR(<VALUE>, <VALU
E>) . VALUE = 0-32767 . .EXAMPLE: .
10 CLS:F1=0:F2=0:A$(0)="ON ":A$(1)="
OFF" . 20 PRINT"YOU TYPE, AND I'LL P
RINT THE CHARACTERS" . 30 PRINT"ON T
HE SCREEN. IF YOU PRESS THE * KEY" .
40 PRINT"I WON'T SHOW ANY CHARACTERS UN
TIL YOU" . 50 PRINT"PRESS THE * KEY
AGAIN." . 60 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN60 .
70 IFF1=0THENCLS:PRINT@36,A$(F2):F1=1
. 80 IFA$<>"*"THEN100:ELSE F2=XOR(F
2,1): . POKE783,1:SYS65520 .
90 PRINT@36,A$(F2):POKE783,0:SYS65520:GO
TO60 . 100 IFF2=1THEN60:ELSE PRINTA$
;:GOTO 60 . .SEE ALSO: . AND, OR AND
NOT IN YOUR BASIC MANUAL.......
-51-.........1Z...
.........................BASIC 4 USER'S
GUIDE APPENDIX A .---
----------------------------------------
------- . . ME
MORY MAP . .00000 - $0000 = START OF RAM
.02049 - $0801 = START OF RUNTIME MODUL
E .06400 - $1900 = APPROXIMATE NEW START
OF BASIC .65535 - $FFFF = TOP OF RAM...
.....................
-52-........1Z............BAS
IC 4 USER'S GUIDE APP
ENDIX B .-------------------------------
------------------- . .
SCAN CODES . . KEY
CODE KEY COD
E . --------------------------------
---------------------- . INSERT/DEL
ETE 0 9 3
2. RETURN 1
I 33. CURSOR RIGHT
2 J 34.
F7 3 0
35. F1 4
M 36. F3
5 K
37. F5 6
O 38. CURSOR DOWN
7 N 39
. 3 8
+ 40. W
9 P 41.
A 10 L
42. 4 11
- 43. Z
12 .
44. S 13
: 45. E
14 @ 46.
(NOT USED) 15
, 47. 5
16 BRITISH PND 48. R
17 *
49. D 18
; 50. 6
19 CLEAR/HOME
51. C 20
(NOT USED) 52. F
21 = 53.
T 22
UP ARROW 54. X
23 / 55. 7
24 1
56. Y 25
BACK ARROW 57. G
26 (NOT USED)
58. 8 27
2 59. B
28 SPACE BAR 60.
H 29 (
NOT USED) 61. U
30 Q 62. V
31 RUN/STO
P 63 . NO KEY PRESSED 64 .
-----------------------------------
-------------------........
-53-........1P.C......
A D D E N
D U M... R
A S T E R S Y N C.... BASIC 4 SYNC
HRONIZES CERTAIN COMMANDS WITH THE RASTE
R LINE.ON THE SCREEN. WHAT THIS MEANS I
S THAT FILL, RVS, COPY, MOVE,.SCREEN, ET
C. WON'T WRITE TO THE SCREEN WHILE IT'S
STILL BEING.UPDATED. THIS MAKES SCREEN
MANIPULATION LOOK SMOOTHER AT THE.EXPENS
E OF PRINTING TO THE SCREEN SEEMINGLY SL
OWER... IF YOU'RE CONSTANTLY USING B
ASIC 4 COMMANDS THAT MANIPULATE.THE SCRE
EN, YOU MIGHT NOTICE THE DECREASE IN SPE
ED. IT MIGHT.SOUND HARD TO BELIEVE BUT T
HOSE WAITS OF UP TO A MAX 30TH OF A.SECO
ND CAN ADD UP TO TO NOTABLE INTERVALS WH
EN NESTED IN BUSY.SCREEN MANIPULATION LO
OPS. IF THIS ISN'T ACCEPTABLE, YOU CAN.
DISABLE THE WAIT. TO DISABLE THE RASTER
WAIT, PUT THIS COMMAND.AT THE TOP OF YO
UR PROGRAM:...POKE 823,0:REM DISABLE RAS
TER WAIT... LIKEWISE YOU CAN ENABLE
THE RASTER WAIT WITH THE FOLLOWING:...PO
KE823,255:REM ENABLE RASTER WAIT........
..............................
NEW BUT COMPATIBLE SYNTAX FOR
INLINE$...SYNTAX:.. INLINE$(<ROW>,<
COL>,<#BYTES>,[<VALIDATION STRING])..
THE INLINE$ COMMAND NOW ACCEPTS UPPER/
LOWERCASE LETTERS AND.NUMBERS AS A DEFAU
LT. YOU CAN ALSO SPECIFY WHICH CHARACTE
RS ARE.ACCEPTABLE THROUGH AN OPTIONAL VA
LIDATION STRING WHICH CAN BE.SPECIFIED I
N QUOTES OR THROUGH A STRING VARIABLE.
FOR INSTANCE:... INLINE$(20,14,10,"1
234567890.-")... THIS WILL PLACE A C
URSOR AT ROW 20, COLUMN 14 AND ALLOW ONL
Y.10 CHARACTERS TO BE ENTERED. THESE TE
N CHARACTERS ARE SPECIFIED.IN THE VALIDA
TION STRING, "1234567890.-". ONLY THESE
CHARACTERS.WILL BE ACCEPTED... A NU
LL OR ABSENT VALIDATION STRING PARAMTER
WILL ALLOW ALL.THE DEFAULT CHARACTERS TO
BE ENTERED... THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
CHARACTERS ALLOWED IS 81.... IF YOU
'D LIKE A DIFFERENT TYPE CURSOR TO FLASH
WHILE INLINE$.IS IN USE, POKE THE ASCII
VALUE OF THE CHARACTER YOU'D LIKE TO.FL
ASH IN LOCATION 822... THE MAXIMUM L
ENGTH OF A VALIDATION STRING IS 127.....
.................................
D I S A B L I N G B A
S I C 4.... YOU CAN DISABLE BASIC
WITH A SIMPLE SYS 58451... THIS WILL
MAKE EVERYTHING NORMAL EXCEPT THE START
OF BASIC. .EVERY COMMAND USED AFTER THI
S MUST BE BASIC V2....NOTE: THAT THE STA
RT OF BASIC MUST BE MANUALLY MOVED BACK
TO.$0801.... SYS2214 WILL WILL DO A
WARM START WHICH WILL RESET THE.COMPUTER
WITHOUT KILLING FASTLOADS. BASIC POINT
ERS WILL BE.NORMAL BUT YOUR PROGRAM CAN'
T CONTINUE AFTER THIS POINT SINCE IT.WIL
L BE NEWED. YOU ARE LEFT IN THE IMMEDIA
TE MODE.................................
.............
.
> CLICK IMAGE PREVIEW FOR FULL MODAL