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Y  USING YOUR PET - THE MACHINE TO WHICH
   THE PROCEDURES APPLY.".+....".THE TUT
ORIAL TAKES THE FORM OF 'PAGES'. ONLY ON
E KEY IS USUALLY ";.V...."OPERATIVE WHIL
E THE PAGES ARE BEING DISPLAYED. THIS IS
  THE SPACE ";... .."BAR. TO MOVE FROM O
NE PAGE TO THE NEXT, SIMPLY KEY IN A SPA
CE.";......"THE EX- CEPTIONS ARE 2 PAGES
 WHICH CONCLUDE BY  ASKING ";.@...."WHET
HER YOU HAVE UNDERSTOOD SO   FAR.":.".PR
ESSING Y (FOR ";......"'YES') LETS YOU P
ROCEED,WHILE PRESSING N (FOR 'NO') WILL 
TAKE   ";...H.."YOU BACK A FEW PAGES FOR
 A REVIEW.":.1150...R..".IN THIS TUTORIA
L, WE ARE GOING TO EXAM- INE ONE OF PET'
S MOST ";.L...."USEFUL FEATURES:  THE BU
ILT-IN CASSETTE RECORDER, AND ITS ABILIT
Y ";......"TO STORE AND RETRIEVE DATA FI
LES(UNDER PROGRAM CONTROL IF ";.V...."AP
PROPRIATE), IN ADDITION SIMPLY TO SAVING
 COMPLETE   PROGRAMS."......".SO FAR, TH
E MAIN PROBLEM FOR MOST USERS HAS BEEN U
NDERSTANDING ";.I...."WHAT HAS BEEN    W
RITTEN ABOUT PET'S FILE MANAGEMENT (THEC
ORRECT ";......"TERM FOR SAVING, RETRIEV
ING AND MANIPULATING DATA FILES). IF YOU
 ";......"HAVE   BEEN HAVING THIS PROBLE
M, THEN THIS TUT-ORIAL SHOULD HELP.".E."
..".BEFORE WE BEGIN, WE SUGGEST YOU MAKE
    SURE YOU HAVE A PEN OR ";...,.."PENC
IL AND SOME  PAPER HANDY. YOU MAY FIND I
T HELPFUL TO MAKE A ";.N.6.."NOTE FROM T
IME TO TIME.":.".ALL SET? RIGHT, LET'S S
TART.".X.@..1150.!.J..".FIRST, WE NEED T
O EXAMINE THE 'OPEN'    STATEMENT, SINCE
 PET'S ";.G.T.."HANDBOOK INSTRUC-TIONS C
AN BE A BIT CONFUSING.":.".TAKE OPEN ";.
..^.."2,1,0 AS AN EXAMPLE. THE '2'  (AND
 IT CAN BE ANY NUMBER ";.Y.H.."UP TO A M
AXI- MUM OF 255) IS SIMPLY THE ";.#.R.."
NUMBER YOU'VE ALLOCATED TO THE FILE WHIC
H IS GOING TO BE OPENED. ";.E.|.."IT'S Y
OUR CHOICE, AND IT'S   ONLY FOR YOUR REF
ERENCE. AS ";......"LONG AS ALL LATER 'I
NPUT #' AND 'PRINT #' STATEMENTS(WE'LL B
E ";......"COMING TO THOSE) HAVE THE SAM
ENUMBER, EVERYTHING WILL BE FINE.".;....
".SUMMARISING THEN, THE FIRST DIGIT IN A
N OPEN STATEMENT IS YOUR ";......"CHOICE
; CAN BE   ANYTHING UP TO 255; IDENTIFIE
S THE FILE;AND ";.G...."SHOULD ALWAYS BE
 USED IN ANY OTHER  STATEMENT (INPUT, CL
OSE, ";......"PRINT, ETC) RE-FERRING TO 
THAT PARTICULAR FILE.":.1150.N.B..".NOW 
LET'S LOOK AT THE SECOND NUMBER IN  THE 
STATEMENT OPEN 2,1,0."...L..".THIS IS EV
EN EASIER TO EXPLAIN: THE SEC-OND NUMBER
 ('1' IN OUR ";...V.."EXAMPLE) IS WHAT I
S KNOWN AS THE 'DEVICE NUMBER'. AND    T
HAT'S ";.*...."JUST A TECHNICAL WAY OF R
EFERRINGTO THE CASSETTE PLAYER-RECORDER 
";.F...."YOU'RE  USING.":.".A '1' IDENTI
FIES PET'S BUILT-IN ";......"CASSETTEMAC
HINE, WHILE A '2' WOULD INSTEAD IDEN-TIF
Y A SECOND, ";......"EXTERNAL CASSETTE U
NIT,  SHOULD YOU BE USING ONE.".&....".Y
OU'VE GOT TO AGREE...IT'S NOT TOO HARD S
O FAR, IS IT?".U....".IF YOU'RE READY, L
ET'S CARRY ON.":.1150......".RIGHT, TAKE
 A LOOK AT THESE THREE STATE-MENTS:"...&
..".OPEN 1,1,0.....OPEN 1,1,1.....OPEN 1
,1,2"...0.."TWO THINGS HAVE CHANGED FROM
 THE EXAMPLEWE'VE USED SO FAR.".A.:..".F
IRST, THE FILE NUMBER HAS CHANGED TO A '
1'. THAT'S NOT ";...D.."SIGNIFICANT - IT
 JUST   STOPS US GETTING BORED WITH '2'.
 ";.H.N.."SECOND,HOWEVER, THE LAST OF TH
E THREE NUMBERS  IS DIFFERENT ";...X.."E
ACH TIME.":.".IN FACT, THE THREE DIGITS 
YOU SEE (A 0, A 1 ";.J.B.."AND A 2) ARE 
THE ONLY THREE DIGITS  WHICH CAN BE USED
."...L..".ON THE NEXT PAGE, WE'LL EXAMIN
E THE USE OF EACH ONE.":.1150.S.V..".FIR
ST, OPEN 1,1,0. IF A 0 IS THE LAST   DIG
IT, THE FILE MAY ";......"ONLY BE USED A
S A   SOURCE FROM WHICH TO READ DATA, US
ING   ";.]...."THE INPUT# AND GET# STATE
MENTS. WE'LL BECOVERING THOSE LATER."...
...".SECOND, OPEN 1,1,1. IF A 1 IS THE L
AST  DIGIT, IT SAYS ";......"YOU'LL BE W
RITING ON TO  THE FILE, USING THE PRINT#
 ";......"STATEMENT.   NOTE (IT'S IMPORT
ANT): YOU MUST SPELL   ";._...."PRINT IN
 FULL; DON'T USE '?' OR YOU'LL  HAVE PRO
BLEMS. THE 1 ";......"ALSO CAUSES AN EOF
 (END OF FILE) TO BE WRITTEN. THIS LETS 
 ";.S.F.."ANOTHER FILE BE OPENED ON THE 
SAME TAPE."...P.."FINALLY, OPEN 1,1,2. I
F A 2 IS THE LAST DIGIT, THERE'S ONE ";.
R.Z.."IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IT AN
D 1 AS THE LAST ";......"DIGIT. A 2 CAUS
ES AN EOF AND AN EOT (END OF TAPE)  TO B
E WRITTEN, ";......"WHICH MEANS THAT NOT
HING ELSE MAY BE PUT ON THAT TAPE LATER.
"......1150.4....".NOW WE NEED TO LOOK A
T THE CLOSE STATE- MENT. AS YOU'D EXPECT
, ";....."IT CLOSES THE    FILE YOU HAV
E OPENED, AND MUST RELATE TOTHE OPEN ";.
C...."STATEMENT YOU ORIGINALLY USED.":."
.THUS, IF YOU BEGAN WITH ";... .."OPEN 2
,1,0 FOR  YOUR FILE, YOU'D FINISH WITH T
HE STATE- MENT ";.O.*.."CLOSE 2. YOUR PE
T WOULD THEN CLOSE THE FILE AND, IF THE 
OPEN ";...4.."STATEMENT HAD SO COMMANDED
, WOULD ALSO WRITE EITHER ANEOF, ";...>.
."OR AN EOF AND AN EOT, DEPENDING ON WHI
CH TYPE OF OPEN YOU'D USED."...H..".DO Y
OU FULLY UNDERSTAND ALL THAT WE'VE  DONE
 SO FAR? ";.F.R.."TYPE Y (FOR 'YES') IF 
YOU  DO, AND YOU ARE HAPPY TO GO ON. TYP
E N ";...\.." (FOR 'NO') IF YOU WOULD LI
KE TO REVIEW  THE GROUND WE'VE COVERED."
.P.F..".TYPE YOUR REACTION NOW:"...P..A$
:.A$."".880...Z..A$."Y".930.?....".FINE.
 ACTUALLY, A REVIEW IS QUITE VALU- ABLE.
 WAIT A FEW SECONDS. ";.|...."WE'LL GO B
ACK AUTOMATICALLY TO THE OPEN STATEMENT.
..."......I.1.7000:.:.330.W....".RIGHT, 
HERE'S THE LAST PAGE IN THIS SEC-TION BE
FORE WE HAVE ";......"A SHORT BREAK. IN 
ITWE'LL START EXAMINING THE FILE SYSTEM 
  ";.B...."STATEMENTS IN DETAIL.":.".FIR
ST, PRINT# (DON'T FORGET, SPELL ";......
"PRINTIN FULL, AND ALWAYS FOLLOW IT WITH
 A #).PRINT# ";...J.."CAUSES DATA TO BE 
'PRINTED' ON TOTAPE, RATHER THAN THE SCR
EEN..).T..".NEXT, INPUT# (AGAIN, THE # I
S IMPORTANT,SO DON'T OMIT IT). ";.O...."
INPUT# CAUSES PET TO READ DATA ALREADY R
ECORDED ON TAPE FILE,";......"AND TO PLA
CE IT IN PET'S MEMORY..T....".THERE'S ON
E IMPORTANT THING YOU MUST RE-MEMBER WIT
H ";......"PRINT# AND INPUT#: YOU MUST N
OT PRINT ";.G...."TO FILE, OR INPUT TO M
EMORY,  MORE THAN 79 CHARACTERS AT A ";.
....."TIME. IF   YOU DO, PET'S BASIC WIL
L 'CRASH' - IN   OTHER WORDS, ";.N...."Y
OU'LL HAVE TO TURN PET'S  POWER OFF TO R
ECOVER.":.1150...$.."......AND THAT'S TH
E END OF THE FIRST SECTION.IF THE 'PLAY'
 ";.P...."KEY IS STILL DOWN ON YOUR CASS
ETTE PLAYER, THE NEXT ";...8.."SECTION  
WILL ALREADY HAVE BEGUN LOADING. OTHERWI
SE   AN ";.Q.B.."INSTRUCTION TO PRESS 'P
LAY' WILL AP- PEAR BELOW. PAGE ";...L.."
1 WILL BE AVAILABLE IN APPROXIMATELY 2.5
 MINUTES.".E.V..".YOU MIGHT LIKE TO STRE
TCH YOUR LEGS FOR A WHILE, ";.`.`.."BEFO
RE WE CONTINUE."...J..1150:.B(45058).180
.:$X,B(45051).48,"FILING 2   00T01...T..
:....~.."............................ PR
ESS THE SPACE KEY TO CONTINUE ."......59
410,4,4......B.1.30:.A$:.:....

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