T.BYTES
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): T.BYTES
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 6K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:05:27
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
9b18b7304321c3c81c14528a8ebeaa0919fed176613df040328800f885725075
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 69 S 1 | T.BYTES | PRG | Xii | 22 | 5 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
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00000E90: 0D 54 48 45 20 CC C9 D3 D4 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E |.THE .... COMMAN|
00000EA0: 44 2E 20 20 D3 49 4D 50 4C 59 20 55 53 45 20 54 |D. .IMPLY USE T|
00000EB0: 48 49 53 0D 4C 49 4E 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 35 32 |HIS.LINE:.. 52|
00000EC0: 30 20 D0 CF CB C5 36 33 31 2C 31 33 3A D0 CF CB |0 ....631,13:...|
00000ED0: C5 31 39 38 2C 31 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D7 48 45 4E |.198,1.. .HEN|
00000EE0: 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 45 4E 44 | THE PROGRAM END|
00000EF0: 53 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 54 48 45 0D CC C9 D3 D4 |S AFTER THE.....|
00000F00: 49 4E 47 2C 20 54 48 45 20 43 55 52 53 4F 52 20 |ING, THE CURSOR |
00000F10: 4C 41 4E 44 53 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 49 4E 56 |LANDS ON THE.INV|
00000F20: 49 53 49 42 4C 45 20 22 47 4F 54 4F 34 37 30 22 |ISIBLE "GOTO470"|
00000F30: 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 | COMMAND, AND TH|
00000F40: 45 0D 57 4F 4E 44 45 52 46 55 4C 20 44 59 4E 41 |E.WONDERFUL DYNA|
00000F50: 4D 49 43 20 4B 45 59 42 4F 41 52 44 20 54 45 43 |MIC KEYBOARD TEC|
00000F60: 48 4E 49 51 55 45 0D 50 52 45 53 53 45 53 20 54 |HNIQUE.PRESSES T|
00000F70: 48 45 20 D2 C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 20 4B 45 59 20 46 4F |HE ...... KEY FO|
00000F80: 52 20 55 53 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 54 20 49 53 |R US... .T IS|
00000F90: 4E 27 54 20 4F 46 54 45 4E 20 54 48 41 54 20 57 |N'T OFTEN THAT W|
00000FA0: 45 20 57 41 4E 54 20 41 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D |E WANT A.PROGRAM|
00000FB0: 20 54 4F 20 CC C9 D3 D4 20 49 54 53 45 4C 46 2C | TO .... ITSELF,|
00000FC0: 20 42 55 54 20 4A 55 53 54 0D 41 42 4F 55 54 20 | BUT JUST.ABOUT |
00000FD0: 41 4C 4C 20 CC CF C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 D2 20 50 52 4F |ALL ........ PRO|
00000FE0: 47 52 41 4D 53 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 20 54 4F 0D |GRAMS RETURN TO.|
00000FF0: CC CF C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 D2 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 45 |........ AFTER E|
00001000: 4E 44 49 4E 47 2E 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 |NDING. .HIS IS |
00001010: 57 48 45 52 45 0D 57 45 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 45 |WHERE.WE USE THE|
00001020: 20 54 45 43 48 4E 49 51 55 45 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 | TECHNIQUE MOST |
00001030: 4F 46 54 45 4E 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D7 45 20 57 |OFTEN... .E W|
00001040: 41 4E 54 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 |ANT THE PROGRAM |
00001050: 54 4F 20 45 4E 44 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 0D 4C 4F 41 |TO END, THEN.LOA|
00001060: 44 20 C8 C5 CC CC CF 20 C3 CF CE CE C5 C3 D4 20 |D ..... ....... |
00001070: 41 4E 44 20 52 55 4E 20 49 54 2E 20 20 C8 C5 CC |AND RUN IT. ...|
00001080: CC CF 0D C3 CF CE CE C5 C3 D4 20 49 53 20 54 48 |.......... IS TH|
00001090: 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 54 48 41 54 20 42 |E PROGRAM THAT B|
000010A0: 4F 4F 54 53 20 4F 55 52 0D 4D 45 4E 55 2E 0D 0D |OOTS OUR.MENU...|
000010B0: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 54 48 |.. .HIS IS TH|
000010C0: 45 20 43 4F 44 45 20 57 45 20 55 53 45 3A 0D 0D |E CODE WE USE:..|
000010D0: 31 30 30 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 22 5B C3 CC D2 5D |1000 ....."[...]|
000010E0: 5B 33 20 C3 D2 D3 D2 20 C4 CF D7 CE 53 5D CC CF |[3 .... ....S]..|
000010F0: C1 C4 22 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 C3 C8 D2 24 28 33 |..". ...$(3|
00001100: 34 29 22 C8 C5 CC CC CF 20 C3 CF CE CE C5 C3 D4 |4)"..... .......|
00001110: 22 C3 C8 D2 24 28 33 34 29 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 |"...$(34). |
00001120: 22 2C 38 22 0D 0D 31 30 31 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 |",8"..1010 .....|
00001130: 22 5B 34 20 C3 D2 D3 D2 20 C4 CF D7 CE 53 5D D2 |"[4 .... ....S].|
00001140: D5 CE 5B C8 CF CD C5 5D 22 0D 0D 31 30 32 30 20 |..[....]"..1020 |
00001150: D0 CF CB C5 36 33 31 2C 31 33 3A D0 CF CB C5 36 |....631,13:....6|
00001160: 33 32 2C 31 33 3A D0 CF CB C5 31 39 38 2C 32 3A |32,13:....198,2:|
00001170: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 C5 CE C4 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |. ..... |
00001180: D4 48 45 20 C3 C8 D2 24 28 33 34 29 27 53 20 41 |.HE ...$(34)'S A|
00001190: 52 45 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 20 54 4F 0D 50 52 49 |RE NEEDED TO.PRI|
000011A0: 4E 54 20 44 4F 55 42 4C 45 2D 51 55 4F 54 45 53 |NT DOUBLE-QUOTES|
000011B0: 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 0D 57 | TO THE SCREEN.W|
000011C0: 49 54 48 4F 55 54 20 50 55 54 54 49 4E 47 20 54 |ITHOUT PUTTING T|
000011D0: 48 45 20 45 44 49 54 4F 52 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 54 |HE EDITOR INTO T|
000011E0: 48 45 0D 51 55 4F 54 45 20 4D 4F 44 45 2E 20 20 |HE.QUOTE MODE. |
000011F0: D4 48 45 20 C3 D2 D3 D2 20 C4 CF D7 CE 53 20 41 |.HE .... ....S A|
00001200: 52 45 0D 4E 45 45 44 45 44 20 54 4F 20 41 4C 4C |RE.NEEDED TO ALL|
00001210: 4F 57 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 45 20 22 4C 4F 41 44 |OW FOR THE "LOAD|
00001220: 49 4E 47 22 20 41 4E 44 0D 22 52 45 41 44 59 22 |ING" AND."READY"|
00001230: 20 4D 45 53 53 41 47 45 53 20 54 4F 20 42 45 20 | MESSAGES TO BE |
00001240: 50 52 49 4E 54 45 44 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 0D 53 |PRINTED TO THE.S|
00001250: 43 52 45 45 4E 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 41 4E 44 |CREEN BEFORE AND|
00001260: 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 54 48 45 20 4C 4F 41 44 2E | AFTER THE LOAD.|
00001270: 0D 20 20 20 20 C7 45 54 54 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 |. .ETTING THE|
00001280: 20 4D 45 53 53 41 47 45 53 20 50 52 49 4E 54 45 | MESSAGES PRINTE|
00001290: 44 20 4F 4E 0D 54 48 45 20 52 49 47 48 54 20 52 |D ON.THE RIGHT R|
000012A0: 4F 57 20 49 53 20 41 20 4D 41 54 54 45 52 20 4F |OW IS A MATTER O|
000012B0: 46 20 54 52 49 41 4C 0D 41 4E 44 20 45 52 52 4F |F TRIAL.AND ERRO|
000012C0: 52 20 57 4F 52 4B 2C 20 50 52 4F 42 41 42 4C 59 |R WORK, PROBABLY|
000012D0: 20 54 48 45 20 4D 4F 53 54 2D 55 53 45 44 0D 43 | THE MOST-USED.C|
000012E0: 4F 44 45 2D 57 52 49 54 49 4E 47 20 54 45 43 48 |ODE-WRITING TECH|
000012F0: 4E 49 51 55 45 20 4B 4E 4F 57 4E 20 54 4F 20 4D |NIQUE KNOWN TO M|
00001300: 41 4E 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C1 53 20 59 4F 55 20 |AN... .S YOU |
00001310: 53 45 45 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 48 41 56 |SEE, YOU CAN HAV|
00001320: 45 20 4D 4F 52 45 0D 54 48 41 4E 20 4F 4E 45 20 |E MORE.THAN ONE |
00001330: 54 48 49 4E 47 20 44 4F 4E 45 20 41 46 54 45 52 |THING DONE AFTER|
00001340: 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 0D 45 4E 44 | THE PROGRAM.END|
00001350: 53 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4C 49 4D 49 54 20 49 53 |S. .HE LIMIT IS|
00001360: 20 52 49 47 48 54 20 41 52 4F 55 4E 44 20 54 45 | RIGHT AROUND TE|
00001370: 4E 0D 54 48 49 4E 47 53 2C 20 53 49 4E 43 45 20 |N.THINGS, SINCE |
00001380: 54 48 45 20 4B 45 59 42 4F 41 52 44 20 42 55 46 |THE KEYBOARD BUF|
00001390: 46 45 52 20 49 53 0D 54 45 4E 20 42 59 54 45 53 |FER IS.TEN BYTES|
000013A0: 20 4C 4F 4E 47 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CF 55 52 20 | LONG... .UR |
000013B0: C5 D8 D4 C5 D2 CD C9 CE C1 D4 CF D2 20 50 52 4F |............ PRO|
000013C0: 47 52 41 4D 20 49 53 0D 50 52 4F 42 41 42 4C 59 |GRAM IS.PROBABLY|
000013D0: 20 54 48 45 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 41 4D 42 49 54 49 | THE MOST AMBITI|
000013E0: 4F 55 53 20 55 53 45 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 54 |OUS USE OF.THE T|
000013F0: 45 43 48 4E 49 51 55 45 20 59 45 54 2E 20 20 C5 |ECHNIQUE YET. .|
00001400: D8 D4 C5 D2 CD C9 CE C1 D4 CF D2 0D 4C 4F 41 44 |............LOAD|
00001410: 53 20 41 20 42 55 47 47 45 44 20 50 52 4F 47 52 |S A BUGGED PROGR|
00001420: 41 4D 2C 20 50 52 49 4E 54 53 20 54 48 45 0D 43 |AM, PRINTS THE.C|
00001430: 4F 52 52 45 43 54 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 54 4F 20 |ORRECT LINES TO |
00001440: 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2C 20 42 4F 55 4E |THE SCREEN, BOUN|
00001450: 43 45 53 0D D2 C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 53 20 44 4F 57 4E |CES.......S DOWN|
00001460: 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2C 20 45 46 46 | THE SCREEN, EFF|
00001470: 45 43 54 49 56 45 4C 59 0D 45 4E 54 45 52 49 4E |ECTIVELY.ENTERIN|
00001480: 47 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 20 4C 49 |G THE CORRECT LI|
00001490: 4E 45 53 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 0D 53 43 52 41 54 43 |NES, THEN.SCRATC|
000014A0: 48 45 53 20 41 4E 44 20 53 41 56 45 53 20 54 48 |HES AND SAVES TH|
000014B0: 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |E PROGRAM... |
000014C0: C6 49 4E 41 4C 4C 59 2C 20 C9 20 53 48 4F 55 4C |.INALLY, . SHOUL|
000014D0: 44 20 4D 45 4E 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 48 41 54 0D D2 |D MENTION THAT..|
000014E0: C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 53 20 41 52 45 4E 27 54 20 54 48 |.....S AREN'T TH|
000014F0: 45 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 54 48 49 4E 47 53 20 59 4F |E ONLY THINGS YO|
00001500: 55 0D 43 41 4E 20 D0 CF CB C5 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 |U.CAN .... INTO |
00001510: 54 48 45 20 42 55 46 46 45 52 2E 20 20 C9 4E 53 |THE BUFFER. .NS|
00001520: 54 45 41 44 20 4F 46 0D D0 D2 C9 CE D4 49 4E 47 |TEAD OF......ING|
00001530: 20 22 52 55 4E 22 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 | "RUN" ON THE SC|
00001540: 52 45 45 4E 20 41 4E 44 0D 45 4E 54 45 52 49 4E |REEN AND.ENTERIN|
00001550: 47 20 49 54 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 D2 C5 D4 D5 |G IT WITH A ....|
00001560: D2 CE 2C 20 54 48 45 20 42 55 46 46 45 52 0D 49 |.., THE BUFFER.I|
00001570: 54 53 45 4C 46 20 43 41 4E 20 50 52 49 4E 54 20 |TSELF CAN PRINT |
00001580: 54 48 45 20 22 52 55 4E 22 20 2D 2D 20 4F 52 0D |THE "RUN" -- OR.|
00001590: 42 45 54 54 45 52 20 59 45 54 2C 20 22 52 D5 22 |BETTER YET, "R."|
000015A0: 2E 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 57 4F 52 |. .HIS WILL WOR|
000015B0: 4B 2C 0D 54 4F 4F 3A 0D 0D 32 30 30 20 50 4F 4B |K,.TOO:..200 POK|
000015C0: 45 36 33 31 2C 41 53 43 28 22 52 22 29 3A 50 4F |E631,ASC("R"):PO|
000015D0: 4B 45 36 33 32 2C 41 53 43 28 22 D5 22 29 3A 0D |KE632,ASC("."):.|
000015E0: 20 20 20 20 20 50 4F 4B 45 36 33 33 2C 31 33 3A | POKE633,13:|
000015F0: 50 4F 4B 45 31 39 38 2C 33 0D 4F 52 0D 0D 32 30 |POKE198,3.OR..20|
00001600: 30 20 50 4F 4B 45 36 33 31 2C 38 32 3A 50 4F 4B |0 POKE631,82:POK|
00001610: 45 36 33 32 2C 32 31 33 3A 50 4F 4B 45 36 33 33 |E632,213:POKE633|
00001620: 2C 31 33 3A 0D 20 20 20 20 20 50 4F 4B 45 31 39 |,13:. POKE19|
00001630: 38 2C 33 0D 0D 57 48 49 43 48 20 44 4F 45 53 20 |8,3..WHICH DOES |
00001640: 54 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 20 54 48 49 4E 47 2E 20 |THE SAME THING. |
00001650: 20 CE 4F 54 45 20 54 48 41 54 0D 54 48 45 52 45 | .OTE THAT.THERE|
00001660: 20 53 54 49 4C 4C 20 4D 55 53 54 20 42 45 20 41 | STILL MUST BE A|
00001670: 20 D2 C5 D4 D5 D2 CE 20 41 46 54 45 52 2E 0D 0D | ...... AFTER...|
00001680: 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 52 45 20 41 52 45 20 55 4E | .HERE ARE UN|
00001690: 44 4F 55 42 54 45 44 4C 59 20 4F 54 48 45 52 20 |DOUBTEDLY OTHER |
000016A0: 57 41 59 53 0D 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 49 53 |WAYS.TO USE THIS|
000016B0: 20 54 45 43 48 4E 49 51 55 45 2E 20 20 D0 4C 41 | TECHNIQUE. .LA|
000016C0: 59 20 57 49 54 48 0D 54 48 49 53 20 41 57 48 49 |Y WITH.THIS AWHI|
000016D0: 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 57 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 |LE AND WHEN YOU |
000016E0: 52 55 4E 20 41 43 52 4F 53 53 20 41 0D 53 4E 41 |RUN ACROSS A.SNA|
000016F0: 47 2C 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 46 49 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 |G, LIKE FINDING |
00001700: 4F 55 54 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 44 41 4D |OUT THAT THE DAM|
00001710: 4E 0D CC C9 D3 D4 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 45 |N..... COMMAND E|
00001720: 4E 44 53 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2C |NDS THE PROGRAM,|
00001730: 20 59 4F 55 0D 57 4F 4E 27 54 20 53 50 45 4E 44 | YOU.WON'T SPEND|
00001740: 20 56 41 4C 55 41 42 4C 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 | VALUABLE PROGRA|
00001750: 4D 4D 49 4E 47 20 54 49 4D 45 0D 46 52 45 54 54 |MMING TIME.FRETT|
00001760: 49 4E 47 20 41 4E 44 20 43 55 52 53 49 4E 47 20 |ING AND CURSING |
00001770: 54 48 45 20 46 4F 4F 4C 53 20 57 48 4F 0D 44 45 |THE FOOLS WHO.DE|
00001780: 53 49 47 4E 45 44 20 54 48 45 20 C3 2D 36 34 2E |SIGNED THE .-64.|
00001790: 20 20 CC 45 54 27 53 20 46 41 43 45 20 49 54 2C | .ET'S FACE IT,|
000017A0: 0D 39 39 2E 39 39 25 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 54 |.99.99% OF THE T|
000017B0: 49 4D 45 2C 20 54 48 45 59 20 44 49 44 20 41 0D |IME, THEY DID A.|
000017C0: 54 45 52 52 49 46 49 43 20 4A 4F 42 2E 0D 20 20 |TERRIFIC JOB.. |
000017D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000017E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C6 | .|
000017F0: D4 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 20 |.. **** |
00001800: C5 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 D4 45 58 54 20 2A 2A 2A 2A |.ND OF .EXT ****|
00001810: 0D |. |
..^U:ZERO. BYTES: THE DYNAMIC KEYBOA
RD.. BY FENDER TUCKER.. THER
E IS A TECHNIQUE THAT WE USE.IN JUST ABO
UT EVERY PROGRAM PUBLISHED.ON LOADSTAR.
WE TAKE IT FOR GRANTED.BECAUSE IT'S USE
D SO OFTEN, BUT.PERHAPS I SHOULD EXPLAIN
IT IN DETAIL.SO YOU CAN USE IT TOO, IF
NEEDED..IT'S CALLED THE DYNAMIC KEYBOARD
.TECHNIQUE, AND IT'S BASICALLY A WAY.TO
GET THINGS DONE AFTER YOUR PROGRAM.HAS E
NDED... YOU MAY ASK, "WHY DID YOU END
THE.PROGRAM IF THERE IS STILL SOMETHING
.YOU WANT DONE?" WELL, SOMETIMES YOU.CA
N'T HELP IT... MAURICE JONES, WELL-KN
OWN.LOADSTAR PATRON, WONDERED HOW I WAS.
ABLE TO KEEP LAST MONTH'S BYTES DEMO.RUN
NING AFTER LISTING TO THE SCREEN.SOME OF
THE PROGRAM'S LINES. TO TELL.YOU THE T
RUTH, WHEN I WROTE THE DEMO.I DIDN'T KNO
W THAT THE LIST COMMAND,.USED INSIDE A P
ROGRAM, ENDS THE.PROGRAM WHEN THE LISTIN
G IS DONE... MY PROBLEM WAS: I WANTED
THE.PROGRAM TO KEEP GOING. BEFORE I GI
VE.YOU THE DETAILS OF THE SOLUTION,.LET'
S LOOK AT SOME BACKGROUND.CONCERNING WHA
T HAPPENS WHEN YOU TYPE.SOMETHING ON YOU
R KEYBOARD..... SINCE SOME PEOPLE TYP
E FASTER.THAN OTHERS, THERE IS A TEN-BYT
E."BUFFER" THAT REMEMBERS THE LAST TEN.K
EYS PRESSED. IT IS A FIRST-IN-FIRST-.OU
T BUFFER (FIFO), WHICH MEANS THAT.THE IN
FORMATION IS SENT FROM THE.BUFFER TO THE
MICRO-PROCESSOR IN THE.SAME ORDER IN WH
ICH IT IS RECEIVED..THE TRANSFER IS VERY
FAST SO, UNLESS.YOU ARE A TYPING WHIZ,
THE KEYBOARD.BUFFER NEVER HAS MORE THAN
A COUPLE.OF BYTES IN IT, READY TO BE.TRA
NSFERRED... THE BUFFER HAS A SPECIFIC
.LOCATION IN MEMORY -- 631 THROUGH 640..
THESE TEN BYTES AREN'T USED FOR.ANYTHING
ELSE... THERE IS ANOTHER MEMORY LOCA
TION.THAT CONCERNS THE BUFFER, 198. THI
S.LOCATION TELLS THE MICRO-PROCESSOR.HOW
MANY BYTES IN THE BUFFER ARE.WAITING TO
BE TRANSFERRED. USUALLY,.THERE IS A 0
IN LOCATION 198,.INDICATING THAT THERE I
S NO TYPING.GOING ON. HOWEVER, WE CAN P
OKE A.NUMBER INTO 198 AND FORCE THE.COMP
UTER TO THINK THAT KEYS HAVE BEEN.PRESSE
D... THE TRICK IS TO MAKE THE COMPUTE
R.THINK THAT THE KEYS WE WANT PRESSED.AR
E IN THE BUFFER, EVEN THOUGH WE.HAVEN'T
PHYSICALLY PRESSED THESE.KEYS.... SO,
BACK TO THE IMMEDIATE PROBLEM..WHEN I H
AD LINE 530 IN LAST MONTH'S.BYTES SAY 53
0 LIST410-450, THE LINES.LISTED AS I WAN
TED BUT THEN THE.PROGRAM ENDED. WHAT I
HAD TO DO WAS.TO POKE SOME KEYPRESSES IN
TO THE.KEYBOARD BUFFER BEFORE LINE 530 T
HAT.WOULD GET THE PROGRAM RUNNING AGAIN.
.I ALSO HAD TO MAKE THE PROGRAM START.RU
NNING AT THE CORRECT LINE (IN THIS.CASE,
LINE 470)... HERE'S WHAT I DID. BEF
ORE THE.LIST COMMAND I PRINTED THE WORDS
."GOTO470" IN BLACK (INVISIBLE ON THE.BL
ACK BACKGROUND) ON EXACTLY THE.RIGHT ROW
ON THE SCREEN... THE EXACT ROW IS TH
E ROW WHERE.THE BLINKING CURSOR WILL APP
EAR WHEN.THE PROGRAM ENDS. IN OTHER WOR
DS,.THE ROW RIGHT BELOW THE FAMILIAR."RE
ADY." MESSAGE. HOW DID I FIND THE.CORRE
CT ROW? BY TRIAL AND ERROR. I.SIMPLY R
AN THE PROGRAM AND COUNTED.WHICH ROW THE
CURSOR ENDED UP ON..THEN I USED MY FAVO
RITE CURSOR.LOCATING CODE, POKE214,ROW-1
:PRINT.TO PRINT "GOTO470" ON THAT LINE..
. OKAY, THE PROGRAM LISTS THE LINES.I
WANT THEN QUITS WITH THE CURSOR.BLINKIN
G ON THE "G" IN "GOTO470"..WHAT WOULD GE
T THE PROGRAM RUNNING.AGAIN, STARTING WI
TH LINE 470? WHY,.A PRESS OF THE RETURN
KEY WOULD DO.THE TRICK... THE NUMBER
FOUND IN THE KEYBOARD.BUFFER IS THE ASC
II VALUE OF THE KEY.PRESSED. IF YOU LOO
K ON THE CHART ON.PAGE 379 OF THE PROGRA
MMER'S.REFERENCE GUIDE, YOU'LL SEE THAT
THE.NUMBER FOR THE RETURN KEY IS 13. IF
.THE KEYBOARD BUFFER HELD A 13 IN ITS.FI
RST LOCATION (631) AND THE COMPUTER.THOU
GHT THAT ONE KEY HAD BEEN PRESSED.(198 H
AD A 1 IN IT), IT WOULD BE THE.SAME AS I
F THE USER HAD PHYSICALLY.PRESSED THE RE
TURN KEY... WE CAN DO THAT IN THE COD
E BEFORE.THE LIST COMMAND. SIMPLY USE T
HIS.LINE:.. 520 POKE631,13:POKE198,1..
WHEN THE PROGRAM ENDS AFTER THE.LIST
ING, THE CURSOR LANDS ON THE.INVISIBLE "
GOTO470" COMMAND, AND THE.WONDERFUL DYNA
MIC KEYBOARD TECHNIQUE.PRESSES THE RETUR
N KEY FOR US... IT ISN'T OFTEN THAT W
E WANT A.PROGRAM TO LIST ITSELF, BUT JUS
T.ABOUT ALL LOADSTAR PROGRAMS RETURN TO.
LOADSTAR AFTER ENDING. THIS IS WHERE.WE
USE THE TECHNIQUE MOST OFTEN... WE W
ANT THE PROGRAM TO END, THEN.LOAD HELLO
CONNECT AND RUN IT. HELLO.CONNECT IS TH
E PROGRAM THAT BOOTS OUR.MENU..... TH
IS IS THE CODE WE USE:..1000 PRINT"[CLR]
[3 CRSR DOWNS]LOAD". CHR$(34)"HELLO
CONNECT"CHR$(34). ",8"..1010 PRINT
"[4 CRSR DOWNS]RUN[HOME]"..1020 POKE631,
13:POKE632,13:POKE198,2:. END..
THE CHR$(34)'S ARE NEEDED TO.PRINT DOUBL
E-QUOTES TO THE SCREEN.WITHOUT PUTTING T
HE EDITOR INTO THE.QUOTE MODE. THE CRSR
DOWNS ARE.NEEDED TO ALLOW FOR THE "LOAD
ING" AND."READY" MESSAGES TO BE PRINTED
TO THE.SCREEN BEFORE AND AFTER THE LOAD.
. GETTING THE MESSAGES PRINTED ON.THE
RIGHT ROW IS A MATTER OF TRIAL.AND ERRO
R WORK, PROBABLY THE MOST-USED.CODE-WRIT
ING TECHNIQUE KNOWN TO MAN... AS YOU
SEE, YOU CAN HAVE MORE.THAN ONE THING DO
NE AFTER THE PROGRAM.ENDS. THE LIMIT IS
RIGHT AROUND TEN.THINGS, SINCE THE KEYB
OARD BUFFER IS.TEN BYTES LONG... OUR
EXTERMINATOR PROGRAM IS.PROBABLY THE MOS
T AMBITIOUS USE OF.THE TECHNIQUE YET. E
XTERMINATOR.LOADS A BUGGED PROGRAM, PRIN
TS THE.CORRECT LINES TO THE SCREEN, BOUN
CES.RETURNS DOWN THE SCREEN, EFFECTIVELY
.ENTERING THE CORRECT LINES, THEN.SCRATC
HES AND SAVES THE PROGRAM... FINALLY,
I SHOULD MENTION THAT.RETURNS AREN'T TH
E ONLY THINGS YOU.CAN POKE INTO THE BUFF
ER. INSTEAD OF.PRINTING "RUN" ON THE SC
REEN AND.ENTERING IT WITH A RETURN, THE
BUFFER.ITSELF CAN PRINT THE "RUN" -- OR.
BETTER YET, "RU". THIS WILL WORK,.TOO:.
.200 POKE631,ASC("R"):POKE632,ASC("U"):.
POKE633,13:POKE198,3.OR..200 POKE63
1,82:POKE632,213:POKE633,13:. POKE19
8,3..WHICH DOES THE SAME THING. NOTE TH
AT.THERE STILL MUST BE A RETURN AFTER...
THERE ARE UNDOUBTEDLY OTHER WAYS.TO
USE THIS TECHNIQUE. PLAY WITH.THIS AWHI
LE AND WHEN YOU RUN ACROSS A.SNAG, LIKE
FINDING OUT THAT THE DAMN.LIST COMMAND E
NDS THE PROGRAM, YOU.WON'T SPEND VALUABL
E PROGRAMMING TIME.FRETTING AND CURSING
THE FOOLS WHO.DESIGNED THE C-64. LET'S
FACE IT,.99.99% OF THE TIME, THEY DID A.
TERRIFIC JOB..
FT. **** END OF TEXT ****
.
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