ASM INSTR
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): ASM INSTR
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 3.9K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-10-19 22:49:15
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
9ceaba4dbc8dad2ef0d51e5424a8bafc7d79c4026b9e8d50f3aaf58c655d8ee3
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOLD DISK OCT85 | ASM INSTR | PRG | Radd Maxx | 29 | 15 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 52 90 5E 20 74 48 45 20 67 4F 4C 44 20 64 49 53 |R.^ tHE gOLD dIS| 00000010: 4B 20 61 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 45 52 20 0D 0D 74 48 |K aSSEMBLER ..tH| 00000020: 45 20 67 4F 4C 44 20 64 49 53 4B 20 41 53 53 45 |E gOLD dISK ASSE| 00000030: 4D 42 4C 45 52 20 55 53 45 53 20 41 20 53 54 41 |MBLER USES A STA| 00000040: 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 20 41 4E 44 |TEMENTFORMAT AND| 00000050: 20 4E 4F 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 53 54 41 4E 44 41 | NOTATION STANDA| 00000060: 52 44 20 54 4F 20 4D 4F 53 54 0D 36 35 30 32 20 |RD TO MOST.6502 | 00000070: 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 45 52 53 2E 20 20 74 48 45 |ASSEMBLERS. tHE| 00000080: 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 45 58 43 45 50 54 49 4F 4E 20 | ONLY EXCEPTION | 00000090: 49 53 0D 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 41 43 43 55 |IS.THAT THE ACCU| 000000A0: 4D 55 4C 41 54 4F 52 20 43 41 4E 4E 4F 54 20 42 |MULATOR CANNOT B| 000000B0: 45 0D 45 58 50 4C 49 43 49 54 4C 59 20 53 50 45 |E.EXPLICITLY SPE| 000000C0: 43 49 46 49 45 44 20 41 53 20 41 4E 20 4F 50 45 |CIFIED AS AN OPE| 000000D0: 52 41 4E 44 0D 0D 45 47 20 20 27 6C 73 72 27 20 |RAND..EG 'lsr' | 000000E0: 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 20 41 53 20 27 |IS THE SAME AS '| 000000F0: 6C 73 72 20 61 27 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |lsr a'. | 00000100: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000110: 20 20 20 20 20 2D 0D 0D 70 4C 45 41 53 45 20 52 | -..pLEASE R| 00000120: 45 46 45 52 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 63 4F 4D 4D |EFER TO THE cOMM| 00000130: 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 52 45 46 45 52 45 4E 43 45 0D |ODORE REFERENCE.| 00000140: 4D 41 4E 55 41 4C 20 4F 52 20 41 4E 59 20 36 35 |MANUAL OR ANY 65| 00000150: 30 32 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 45 52 20 42 4F 4F |02 ASSEMBLER BOO| 00000160: 4B 20 46 4F 52 20 41 0D 43 4F 4D 50 4C 45 54 45 |K FOR A.COMPLETE| 00000170: 20 4C 49 53 54 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 49 4E 53 | LIST OF THE INS| 00000180: 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 43 4F 44 45 53 0D 41 |TRUCTION CODES.A| 00000190: 56 41 49 4C 41 42 4C 45 2E 20 20 66 4F 52 20 42 |VAILABLE. fOR B| 000001A0: 45 47 49 4E 4E 45 52 53 2C 20 41 4C 53 4F 20 52 |EGINNERS, ALSO R| 000001B0: 45 46 45 52 0D 54 4F 20 54 48 49 53 20 49 53 53 |EFER.TO THIS ISS| 000001C0: 55 45 27 53 20 54 55 54 4F 52 49 41 4C 2E 0D 0D |UE'S TUTORIAL...| 000001D0: 6D 4F 52 45 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E |mORE INFORMATION| 000001E0: 20 4F 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 3C 46 31 3E 20 20 73 | ON:.. <F1> s| 000001F0: 54 41 52 54 49 4E 47 20 55 50 0D 20 20 20 3C 46 |TARTING UP. <F| 00000200: 33 3E 20 20 70 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 46 4F 52 4D |3> pROGRAM FORM| 00000210: 41 54 0D 20 20 20 3C 46 35 3E 20 20 73 59 4D 42 |AT. <F5> sYMB| 00000220: 4F 4C 53 0D 20 20 20 3C 46 37 3E 20 20 70 53 55 |OLS. <F7> pSU| 00000230: 45 44 4F 2D 4F 50 45 52 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 0D 5E |EDO-OPERATIONS.^| 00000240: 20 73 54 41 52 54 49 4E 47 20 55 50 20 0D 0D 0D | sTARTING UP ...| 00000250: 74 4F 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 55 50 20 54 48 45 20 67 |tO LOAD UP THE g| 00000260: 4F 4C 44 20 64 49 53 4B 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C |OLD dISK ASSEMBL| 00000270: 45 52 3A 0D 0D 0D 31 29 20 73 45 4C 45 43 54 20 |ER:...1) sELECT | 00000280: 4F 50 54 49 4F 4E 20 27 62 27 20 49 4E 20 67 4F |OPTION 'b' IN gO| 00000290: 4C 44 20 64 49 53 4B 20 4D 45 4E 55 0D 0D 32 29 |LD dISK MENU..2)| 000002A0: 20 70 52 45 53 53 20 3C 72 45 54 55 52 4E 3E 20 | pRESS <rETURN> | 000002B0: 54 4F 20 41 43 54 49 56 41 54 45 20 43 48 4F 49 |TO ACTIVATE CHOI| 000002C0: 43 45 0D 0D 33 29 20 74 48 45 20 53 59 53 54 45 |CE..3) tHE SYSTE| 000002D0: 4D 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E 20 57 49 |M WILL RETURN WI| 000002E0: 54 48 20 27 72 45 41 44 59 27 0D 0D 61 54 20 54 |TH 'rEADY'..aT T| 000002F0: 48 49 53 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 |HIS POINT, YOU C| 00000300: 41 4E 20 54 59 50 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 6E 65 77 |AN TYPE:.. new| 00000310: 20 41 4E 44 20 53 54 41 52 54 20 50 52 4F 47 52 | AND START PROGR| 00000320: 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 2C 20 4F 52 0D 0D 20 20 20 6C |AMMING, OR.. l| 00000330: 6F 61 64 20 55 50 20 41 20 50 52 45 56 49 4F 55 |oad UP A PREVIOU| 00000340: 53 4C 59 20 53 41 56 45 44 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 |SLY SAVED ASSEMB| 00000350: 4C 45 52 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 20 61 53 |LER.PROGRAM. aS| 00000360: 53 45 4D 42 4C 45 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 |SEMBLER PROGRAMS| 00000370: 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 45 0D 67 4F 4C 44 20 64 49 | FOR THE.gOLD dI| 00000380: 53 4B 20 61 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 45 52 20 41 52 45 |SK aSSEMBLER ARE| 00000390: 20 57 52 49 54 54 45 4E 20 55 53 49 4E 47 0D 54 | WRITTEN USING.T| 000003A0: 48 45 20 53 54 41 4E 44 41 52 44 20 62 61 73 69 |HE STANDARD basi| 000003B0: 63 20 45 44 49 54 4F 52 20 57 49 54 48 20 4C 49 |c EDITOR WITH LI| 000003C0: 4E 45 0D 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 53 20 41 53 20 49 46 |NE.NUMBERS AS IF| 000003D0: 20 59 4F 55 20 57 45 52 45 20 57 52 49 54 49 4E | YOU WERE WRITIN| 000003E0: 47 20 41 20 62 61 73 69 63 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 |G A basic.PROGRA| 000003F0: 4D 2E 0D 5E 20 70 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 46 4F 52 |M..^ pROGRAM FOR| 00000400: 4D 41 54 20 0D 0D 0D 0D 20 31 30 20 6F 70 65 6E |MAT .... 10 open| 00000410: 20 31 2C 38 2C 31 2C 22 62 69 6E 61 72 79 20 63 | 1,8,1,"binary c| 00000420: 6F 64 65 22 0D 20 32 30 20 6F 70 65 6E 20 34 2C |ode". 20 open 4,| 00000430: 34 0D 20 33 30 20 73 79 73 20 33 36 38 36 34 0D |4. 30 sys 36864.| 00000440: 20 34 30 20 2A 3D 24 63 30 30 30 0D 20 35 30 20 | 40 *=$c000. 50 | 00000450: 2E 63 6F 64 65 20 31 0D 20 36 30 20 2E 70 72 6E |.code 1. 60 .prn| 00000460: 74 20 34 0D 20 20 2E 0D 20 20 2E 20 6D 2F 6C 20 |t 4. .. . m/l | 00000470: 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 47 4F 45 53 20 48 45 52 |PROGRAM GOES HER| 00000480: 45 0D 20 20 2E 0D 39 39 39 20 2E 65 78 69 74 0D |E. ..999 .exit.| 00000490: 0D 0D 0D 69 4E 20 54 48 45 20 41 42 4F 56 45 20 |...iN THE ABOVE | 000004A0: 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 2C 20 54 48 45 20 41 53 53 |EXAMPLE, THE ASS| 000004B0: 45 4D 42 4C 45 52 20 57 49 4C 4C 43 52 45 41 54 |EMBLER WILLCREAT| 000004C0: 45 20 41 20 4F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 46 49 4C 45 20 |E A OBJECT FILE | 000004D0: 43 41 4C 4C 45 44 20 62 69 6E 61 72 79 20 63 6F |CALLED binary co| 000004E0: 64 65 0D 4F 4E 20 44 49 53 4B 20 41 4E 44 20 43 |de.ON DISK AND C| 000004F0: 52 45 41 54 45 20 41 20 4C 49 53 54 49 4E 47 20 |REATE A LISTING | 00000500: 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 50 52 49 4E 54 45 52 2E 0D |ON THE.PRINTER..| 00000510: 5E 20 70 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 |^ pROGRAM FORMAT| 00000520: 20 0D 0D 0D 6C 45 54 27 53 20 4C 4F 4F 4B 20 49 | ...lET'S LOOK I| 00000530: 4E 20 44 45 54 41 49 4C 20 41 54 20 57 48 41 54 |N DETAIL AT WHAT| 00000540: 20 45 41 43 48 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 41 42 4F | EACH OF.THE ABO| 00000550: 56 45 20 50 41 52 54 53 20 44 4F 2E 0D 0D 0D 74 |VE PARTS DO....t| 00000560: 4F 20 53 54 41 52 54 20 54 48 45 20 41 53 53 45 |O START THE ASSE| 00000570: 4D 42 4C 59 2C 20 55 53 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 73 |MBLY, USE:.. s| 00000580: 79 73 20 33 36 38 36 34 0D 0D 57 48 49 43 48 20 |ys 36864..WHICH | 00000590: 49 53 20 24 39 30 30 30 20 28 6E 4F 54 45 20 54 |IS $9000 (nOTE T| 000005A0: 48 41 54 20 54 48 49 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 0D 4E 4F |HAT THIS WILL.NO| 000005B0: 54 20 57 4F 52 4B 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 43 41 |T WORK WITH A CA| 000005C0: 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 29 2E 0D 0D 0D 74 4F 20 53 |RTRIDGE)....tO S| 000005D0: 49 47 4E 41 4C 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 4F 20 53 |IGNAL WHERE TO S| 000005E0: 54 4F 50 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 59 2C 20 55 53 |TOP ASSEMBLY, US| 000005F0: 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 2E 65 78 69 74 0D 0D 20 20 |E:.. .exit.. | 00000600: 20 69 46 20 2E 65 78 69 74 20 49 53 20 4F 4D 49 | iF .exit IS OMI| 00000610: 54 54 45 44 2C 20 54 48 45 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 |TTED, THE ASSEMB| 00000620: 4C 59 0D 53 54 4F 50 53 20 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 |LY.STOPS AT THE | 00000630: 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 |END OF THE PROGR| 00000640: 41 4D 2E 0D 5E 20 70 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 46 4F |AM..^ pROGRAM FO| 00000650: 52 4D 41 54 20 0D 6F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 43 4F 44 |RMAT .oBJECT COD| 00000660: 45 20 50 4C 41 43 45 4D 45 4E 54 3A 0D 0D 20 20 |E PLACEMENT:.. | 00000670: 20 74 4F 20 53 45 54 20 43 55 52 52 45 4E 54 20 | tO SET CURRENT | 00000680: 70 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 63 4F 55 4E 54 45 52 2C |pROGRAM cOUNTER,| 00000690: 20 55 53 45 3A 0D 20 20 20 28 20 44 45 46 41 55 | USE:. ( DEFAU| 000006A0: 4C 54 20 3D 20 24 63 30 30 30 20 29 0D 0D 20 20 |LT = $c000 ).. | 000006B0: 20 20 20 20 2A 3D 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 0D 0D 20 | *=ADDRESS.. | 000006C0: 20 20 74 4F 20 47 45 4E 45 52 41 54 45 20 4F 42 | tO GENERATE OB| 000006D0: 4A 45 43 54 20 43 4F 44 45 20 49 4E 20 4D 45 4D |JECT CODE IN MEM| 000006E0: 4F 52 59 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 2E 63 6F 64 |ORY:.. .cod| 000006F0: 65 20 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 74 4F 20 47 45 4E 45 52 |e 0.. tO GENER| 00000700: 41 54 45 20 4F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 43 4F 44 45 20 |ATE OBJECT CODE | 00000710: 49 4E 20 41 20 46 49 4C 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |IN A FILE:.. | 00000720: 20 20 6F 50 45 4E 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D | oPEN A PROGRAM| 00000730: 20 46 49 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 55 53 45 2C 0D 0D | FILE AND USE,..| 00000740: 20 20 20 20 20 20 2E 63 6F 64 65 20 4C 46 4E 20 | .code LFN | 00000750: 20 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 20 4C 46 4E 20 3D 20 4C | WHERE LFN = L| 00000760: 4F 47 49 43 41 4C 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |OGICAL. | 00000770: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000780: 20 20 46 49 4C 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 0D 0D 20 | FILE NUMBER.. | 00000790: 20 20 74 4F 20 47 45 4E 45 52 41 54 45 20 6E 4F | tO GENERATE nO| 000007A0: 20 4F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 43 4F 44 45 2C 0D 0D 20 | OBJECT CODE,.. | 000007B0: 20 20 20 20 20 6F 4D 49 54 20 54 48 45 20 2E 63 | oMIT THE .c| 000007C0: 6F 64 65 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 49 56 45 0D 5E 20 |ode DIRECTIVE.^ | 000007D0: 70 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 20 0D |pROGRAM FORMAT .| 000007E0: 0D 6F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 4C 49 53 54 49 4E 47 3A |.oBJECT LISTING:| 000007F0: 0D 0D 20 20 20 74 4F 20 47 45 4E 45 52 41 54 45 |.. tO GENERATE| 00000800: 20 41 4E 20 4F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 4C 49 53 54 49 | AN OBJECT LISTI| 00000810: 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 0D 20 20 20 53 43 52 |NG TO THE. SCR| 00000820: 45 45 4E 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 2E 70 72 6E |EEN:.. .prn| 00000830: 74 20 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 74 4F 20 47 45 4E 45 52 |t 0.. tO GENER| 00000840: 41 54 45 20 41 4E 20 4F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 4C 49 |ATE AN OBJECT LI| 00000850: 53 54 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 0D 20 20 20 |STING TO THE. | 00000860: 50 52 49 4E 54 45 52 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 |PRINTER:.. | 00000870: 4F 50 45 4E 20 41 20 50 52 49 4E 54 45 52 20 46 |OPEN A PRINTER F| 00000880: 49 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 55 53 45 2C 0D 0D 20 20 |ILE AND USE,.. | 00000890: 20 20 20 20 2E 70 72 6E 74 20 4C 46 4E 20 20 20 | .prnt LFN | 000008A0: 57 48 45 52 45 20 4C 46 4E 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 |WHERE LFN IS THE| 000008B0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | 000008C0: 20 20 20 20 20 4C 4F 47 49 43 41 4C 20 46 49 4C | LOGICAL FIL| 000008D0: 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |E NUMBER. | 000008E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4F 46 20 | OF | 000008F0: 54 48 45 20 50 52 49 4E 54 20 46 49 4C 45 0D 0D |THE PRINT FILE..| 00000900: 20 20 20 74 4F 20 47 45 4E 45 52 41 54 45 20 4E | tO GENERATE N| 00000910: 4F 20 4F 42 4A 45 43 54 20 4C 49 53 54 49 4E 47 |O OBJECT LISTING| 00000920: 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 6F 4D 49 54 20 54 48 |:.. oMIT TH| 00000930: 45 20 2E 70 72 6E 74 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 49 56 |E .prnt DIRECTIV| 00000940: 45 0D 5E 20 73 59 4D 42 4F 4C 53 20 0D 0D 73 59 |E.^ sYMBOLS ..sY| 00000950: 4D 42 4F 4C 53 20 4D 55 53 54 20 53 54 41 52 54 |MBOLS MUST START| 00000960: 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 6C 45 54 54 45 52 20 41 | WITH A lETTER A| 00000970: 4E 44 0D 4F 4E 4C 59 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 |ND.ONLY THE FIRS| 00000980: 54 20 38 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 41 |T 8 CHARACTERS A| 00000990: 52 45 0D 53 49 47 4E 49 46 49 43 41 4E 54 2E 20 |RE.SIGNIFICANT. | 000009A0: 20 74 48 45 59 20 41 52 45 20 41 53 53 49 47 4E | tHEY ARE ASSIGN| 000009B0: 45 44 20 31 36 2D 42 49 54 0D 56 41 4C 55 45 53 |ED 16-BIT.VALUES| 000009C0: 20 42 59 20 31 20 4F 46 20 32 20 57 41 59 53 3A | BY 1 OF 2 WAYS:| 000009D0: 0D 0D 20 31 29 20 6C 41 42 45 4C 3A 20 20 20 20 |.. 1) lABEL: | 000009E0: 20 20 20 45 47 2E 20 6C 6F 6F 70 20 69 6E 63 20 | EG. loop inc | 000009F0: 24 64 30 32 30 0D 0D 20 32 29 20 61 53 53 49 47 |$d020.. 2) aSSIG| 00000A00: 4E 4D 45 4E 54 3A 20 20 45 47 2E 20 6F 66 66 73 |NMENT: EG. offs| 00000A10: 65 74 20 3D 20 62 61 73 65 2B 35 0D 0D 73 59 4D |et = base+5..sYM| 00000A20: 42 4F 4C 53 20 41 50 50 45 41 52 49 4E 47 20 4F |BOLS APPEARING O| 00000A30: 4E 20 54 48 45 20 45 58 50 52 45 53 53 49 4F 4E |N THE EXPRESSION| 00000A40: 0D 53 49 44 45 20 4F 46 20 41 20 53 59 4D 42 4F |.SIDE OF A SYMBO| 00000A50: 4C 20 41 53 53 49 47 4E 4D 45 4E 54 20 4D 55 53 |L ASSIGNMENT MUS| 00000A60: 54 20 42 45 0D 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 50 52 49 |T BE.DEFINED PRI| 00000A70: 4F 52 20 54 4F 20 54 48 49 53 20 46 4F 52 4D 20 |OR TO THIS FORM | 00000A80: 4F 46 20 55 53 41 47 45 2E 0D 0D 74 48 45 20 70 |OF USAGE...tHE p| 00000A90: 63 20 27 2A 27 20 4D 41 59 20 42 45 20 55 53 45 |c '*' MAY BE USE| 00000AA0: 44 20 41 53 20 49 46 20 49 54 20 57 45 52 45 20 |D AS IF IT WERE | 00000AB0: 41 0D 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 2E 20 65 58 41 4D 50 4C |A.SYMBOL. eXAMPL| 00000AC0: 45 53 20 49 4E 43 4C 55 44 45 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 |ES INCLUDE:.. | 00000AD0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 6E 65 20 2A 2B 31 30 | bne *+10| 00000AE0: 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 61 62 6C 65 20 3D 20 2A |. table = *| 00000AF0: 0D 0D 7A 45 52 4F 20 50 41 47 45 20 53 59 4D 42 |..zERO PAGE SYMB| 00000B00: 4F 4C 53 20 6D 75 73 74 20 42 45 20 44 45 46 49 |OLS must BE DEFI| 00000B10: 4E 45 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 0D 54 48 45 49 52 20 |NE BEFORE.THEIR | 00000B20: 55 53 41 47 45 2E 0D 5E 20 73 59 4D 42 4F 4C 53 |USAGE..^ sYMBOLS| 00000B30: 20 0D 0D 6F 50 45 52 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 53 55 | ..oPERATIONS SU| 00000B40: 50 50 4F 52 54 45 44 3A 0D 0D 2B 2C 20 2D 2C 20 |PPORTED:..+, -, | 00000B50: 2A 20 20 41 52 45 20 53 55 50 50 4F 52 54 45 44 |* ARE SUPPORTED| 00000B60: 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 4F 50 45 52 41 4E 44 0D | IN THE OPERAND.| 00000B70: 46 49 45 4C 44 20 41 53 20 57 45 4C 4C 20 41 53 |FIELD AS WELL AS| 00000B80: 20 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 20 41 53 53 49 47 4E 4D 45 | SYMBOL ASSIGNME| 00000B90: 4E 54 2E 0D 74 48 45 20 4F 52 44 45 52 20 4F 46 |NT..tHE ORDER OF| 00000BA0: 20 4F 50 45 52 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 49 53 20 4C 45 | OPERATION IS LE| 00000BB0: 46 54 20 54 4F 20 52 49 47 48 54 0D 57 49 54 48 |FT TO RIGHT.WITH| 00000BC0: 20 4E 4F 20 50 52 45 43 45 44 45 4E 43 45 2E 0D | NO PRECEDENCE..| 00000BD0: 0D 74 57 4F 20 4F 54 48 45 52 20 4F 50 45 52 41 |.tWO OTHER OPERA| 00000BE0: 54 4F 52 20 41 52 45 20 53 55 50 50 4F 52 54 45 |TOR ARE SUPPORTE| 00000BF0: 44 3A 0D 0D 20 27 3C 27 20 20 54 41 4B 45 53 20 |D:.. '<' TAKES | 00000C00: 54 48 45 20 4C 4F 57 2D 4F 52 44 45 52 20 42 59 |THE LOW-ORDER BY| 00000C10: 54 45 20 4F 46 20 41 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 57 4F |TE OF A. WO| 00000C20: 52 44 20 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |RD SYMBOL... | 00000C30: 20 20 45 47 20 20 6C 64 61 20 23 3C 24 63 66 66 | EG lda #<$cff| 00000C40: 66 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 54 48 45 0D |f WILL LOAD THE.| 00000C50: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000C60: 20 41 43 43 55 4D 55 4C 41 54 4F 52 20 57 49 54 | ACCUMULATOR WIT| 00000C70: 48 20 24 66 66 0D 0D 20 27 3E 27 20 20 54 41 4B |H $ff.. '>' TAK| 00000C80: 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 48 49 47 48 2D 4F 52 44 45 |ES THE HIGH-ORDE| 00000C90: 52 20 42 59 54 45 20 4F 46 20 41 0D 20 20 20 20 |R BYTE OF A. | 00000CA0: 20 20 57 4F 52 44 20 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 2E 0D 0D | WORD SYMBOL...| 00000CB0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 47 20 20 6C 64 61 20 23 3E | EG lda #>| 00000CC0: 24 63 66 66 66 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 4C 4F 41 44 20 |$cfff WILL LOAD | 00000CD0: 54 48 45 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |THE. | 00000CE0: 20 20 20 20 20 41 43 43 55 4D 55 4C 41 54 4F 52 | ACCUMULATOR| 00000CF0: 20 57 49 54 48 20 24 63 66 0D 5E 20 70 53 55 45 | WITH $cf.^ pSUE| 00000D00: 44 4F 2D 4F 50 45 52 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 0D 0D |DO-OPERATIONS ..| 00000D10: 0D 0D 74 48 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 |..tHE FOLLOWING | 00000D20: 50 53 55 45 44 4F 20 4F 50 45 52 41 54 49 4F 4E |PSUEDO OPERATION| 00000D30: 53 20 41 52 45 0D 53 55 50 50 4F 52 54 45 44 3A |S ARE.SUPPORTED:| 00000D40: 0D 0D 0D 2E 62 79 74 65 20 4E 31 2C 4E 32 2C 4E |....byte N1,N2,N| 00000D50: 33 2E 2E 2E 2E 4E 58 0D 0D 20 20 20 57 49 4C 4C |3....NX.. WILL| 00000D60: 20 52 45 53 45 52 56 45 20 27 58 27 20 42 59 54 | RESERVE 'X' BYT| 00000D70: 45 53 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 0D 20 20 20 |ES OF MEMORY. | 00000D80: 41 4E 44 20 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 49 5A 45 20 54 |AND INITIALIZE T| 00000D90: 48 45 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 54 4F 20 4E 31 2C 4E |HE BYTES TO N1,N| 00000DA0: 32 2C 2E 2E 2E 0D 0D 2E 77 6F 72 64 20 4E 31 2C |2,......word N1,| 00000DB0: 4E 32 2C 4E 33 2E 2E 2E 2E 4E 58 0D 0D 20 20 20 |N2,N3....NX.. | 00000DC0: 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 53 45 52 56 45 20 27 58 27 |WILL RESERVE 'X'| 00000DD0: 20 57 4F 52 44 53 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 | WORDS OF MEMORY| 00000DE0: 0D 20 20 20 41 4E 44 20 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 49 |. AND INITIALI| 00000DF0: 5A 45 20 54 48 45 20 57 4F 52 44 53 20 54 4F 0D |ZE THE WORDS TO.| 00000E00: 20 20 20 4E 31 2C 4E 32 2C 4E 33 2E 2E 2E 20 49 | N1,N2,N3... I| 00000E10: 4E 20 53 54 41 4E 44 41 52 44 20 4C 4F 57 20 42 |N STANDARD LOW B| 00000E20: 59 54 45 20 2D 0D 20 20 20 48 49 47 48 20 42 59 |YTE -. HIGH BY| 00000E30: 54 45 20 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 2E 0D 5E 20 70 53 45 |TE FORMAT..^ pSE| 00000E40: 55 44 4F 2D 4F 50 45 52 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 0D |UDO-OPERATIONS .| 00000E50: 0D 0D 2E 74 65 78 74 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 0D 0D |...text STRING..| 00000E60: 20 20 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 53 45 52 56 45 20 | WILL RESERVE | 00000E70: 41 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 |A BLOCK OF MEMOR| 00000E80: 59 20 46 4F 52 0D 20 20 20 41 20 53 54 52 49 4E |Y FOR. A STRIN| 00000E90: 47 20 41 4E 44 20 46 49 4C 4C 20 54 48 45 20 4D |G AND FILL THE M| 00000EA0: 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 0D 20 20 20 57 |EMORY BLOCK. W| 00000EB0: 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 20 61 73 63 69 69 20 45 51 |ITH THE ascii EQ| 00000EC0: 55 49 56 41 4C 45 4E 54 53 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 |UIVALENTS OF THE| 00000ED0: 0D 20 20 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 2E 20 20 74 48 45 |. STRING. tHE| 00000EE0: 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 4D 55 53 54 20 42 45 20 | STRING MUST BE | 00000EF0: 45 4E 43 4C 4F 53 45 44 0D 20 20 20 49 4E 20 44 |ENCLOSED. IN D| 00000F00: 4F 55 42 4C 45 20 51 55 4F 54 45 53 2E 0D 0D 0D |OUBLE QUOTES....| 00000F10: 2A 3D 2A 2B 4E 0D 0D 20 20 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 |*=*+N.. WILL R| 00000F20: 45 53 45 52 56 45 20 27 4E 27 20 42 59 54 45 53 |ESERVE 'N' BYTES| 00000F30: 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 0D 20 20 20 57 49 | OF MEMORY. WI| 00000F40: 54 48 4F 55 54 20 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 49 5A 41 |THOUT INITIALIZA| 00000F50: 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 20 77 48 45 4E 0D 20 20 20 41 |TION. wHEN. A| 00000F60: 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 44 49 53 |SSEMBLING TO DIS| 00000F70: 4B 2C 20 54 48 45 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 20 49 53 0D |K, THE BLOCK IS.| 00000F80: 20 20 20 46 49 4C 4C 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 20 5A | FILLED WITH Z| 00000F90: 45 52 4F 27 53 2E 0D 5E 5E 5E 5E 5E |ERO'S..^^^^^ |
R.^ THE GOLD DISK ASSEMBLER ..THE GOLD D
ISK ASSEMBLER USES A STATEMENTFORMAT AND
NOTATION STANDARD TO MOST.6502 ASSEMBLE
RS. THE ONLY EXCEPTION IS.THAT THE ACCU
MULATOR CANNOT BE.EXPLICITLY SPECIFIED A
S AN OPERAND..EG 'LSR' IS THE SAME AS '
LSR A'. -..
PLEASE REFER TO THE COMMODORE REFERENCE.
MANUAL OR ANY 6502 ASSEMBLER BOOK FOR A.
COMPLETE LIST OF THE INSTRUCTION CODES.A
VAILABLE. FOR BEGINNERS, ALSO REFER.TO
THIS ISSUE'S TUTORIAL...MORE INFORMATION
ON:.. <F1> STARTING UP. <F3> PROG
RAM FORMAT. <F5> SYMBOLS. <F7> PSU
EDO-OPERATIONS.^ STARTING UP ...TO LOAD
UP THE GOLD DISK ASSEMBLER:...1) SELECT
OPTION 'B' IN GOLD DISK MENU..2) PRESS <
RETURN> TO ACTIVATE CHOICE..3) THE SYSTE
M WILL RETURN WITH 'READY'..AT THIS POIN
T, YOU CAN TYPE:.. NEW AND START PROGR
AMMING, OR.. LOAD UP A PREVIOUSLY SAVE
D ASSEMBLER.PROGRAM. ASSEMBLER PROGRAMS
FOR THE.GOLD DISK ASSEMBLER ARE WRITTEN
USING.THE STANDARD BASIC EDITOR WITH LI
NE.NUMBERS AS IF YOU WERE WRITING A BASI
C.PROGRAM..^ PROGRAM FORMAT .... 10 OPEN
1,8,1,"BINARY CODE". 20 OPEN 4,4. 30 SY
S 36864. 40 *=$C000. 50 .CODE 1. 60 .PRN
T 4. .. . M/L PROGRAM GOES HERE. ..99
9 .EXIT....IN THE ABOVE EXAMPLE, THE ASS
EMBLER WILLCREATE A OBJECT FILE CALLED B
INARY CODE.ON DISK AND CREATE A LISTING
ON THE.PRINTER..^ PROGRAM FORMAT ...LET'
S LOOK IN DETAIL AT WHAT EACH OF.THE ABO
VE PARTS DO....TO START THE ASSEMBLY, US
E:.. SYS 36864..WHICH IS $9000 (NOTE T
HAT THIS WILL.NOT WORK WITH A CARTRIDGE)
....TO SIGNAL WHERE TO STOP ASSEMBLY, US
E:.. .EXIT.. IF .EXIT IS OMITTED, TH
E ASSEMBLY.STOPS AT THE END OF THE PROGR
AM..^ PROGRAM FORMAT .OBJECT CODE PLACEM
ENT:.. TO SET CURRENT PROGRAM COUNTER,
USE:. ( DEFAULT = $C000 ).. *=AD
DRESS.. TO GENERATE OBJECT CODE IN MEM
ORY:.. .CODE 0.. TO GENERATE OBJE
CT CODE IN A FILE:.. OPEN A PROGRAM
FILE AND USE,.. .CODE LFN WHERE
LFN = LOGICAL.
FILE NUMBER.. TO GENERATE NO OBJECT
CODE,.. OMIT THE .CODE DIRECTIVE.^
PROGRAM FORMAT ..OBJECT LISTING:.. TO
GENERATE AN OBJECT LISTING TO THE. SCR
EEN:.. .PRNT 0.. TO GENERATE AN O
BJECT LISTING TO THE. PRINTER:..
OPEN A PRINTER FILE AND USE,.. .PRN
T LFN WHERE LFN IS THE.
LOGICAL FILE NUMBER.
OF THE PRINT FILE.. TO GENERATE N
O OBJECT LISTING:.. OMIT THE .PRNT
DIRECTIVE.^ SYMBOLS ..SYMBOLS MUST START
WITH A LETTER AND.ONLY THE FIRST 8 CHAR
ACTERS ARE.SIGNIFICANT. THEY ARE ASSIGN
ED 16-BIT.VALUES BY 1 OF 2 WAYS:.. 1) LA
BEL: EG. LOOP INC $D020.. 2) ASSIG
NMENT: EG. OFFSET = BASE+5..SYMBOLS APP
EARING ON THE EXPRESSION.SIDE OF A SYMBO
L ASSIGNMENT MUST BE.DEFINED PRIOR TO TH
IS FORM OF USAGE...THE PC '*' MAY BE USE
D AS IF IT WERE A.SYMBOL. EXAMPLES INCLU
DE:.. BNE *+10. TABLE = *
..ZERO PAGE SYMBOLS MUST BE DEFINE BEFOR
E.THEIR USAGE..^ SYMBOLS ..OPERATIONS SU
PPORTED:..+, -, * ARE SUPPORTED IN THE
OPERAND.FIELD AS WELL AS SYMBOL ASSIGNME
NT..THE ORDER OF OPERATION IS LEFT TO RI
GHT.WITH NO PRECEDENCE...TWO OTHER OPERA
TOR ARE SUPPORTED:.. '<' TAKES THE LOW-
ORDER BYTE OF A. WORD SYMBOL...
EG LDA #<$CFFF WILL LOAD THE.
ACCUMULATOR WITH $FF.. '>' TAK
ES THE HIGH-ORDER BYTE OF A. WORD S
YMBOL... EG LDA #>$CFFF WILL LOAD
THE. ACCUMULATOR WITH $C
F.^ PSUEDO-OPERATIONS ....THE FOLLOWING
PSUEDO OPERATIONS ARE.SUPPORTED:....BYTE
N1,N2,N3....NX.. WILL RESERVE 'X' BYT
ES OF MEMORY. AND INITIALIZE THE BYTES
TO N1,N2,......WORD N1,N2,N3....NX..
WILL RESERVE 'X' WORDS OF MEMORY. AND
INITIALIZE THE WORDS TO. N1,N2,N3... I
N STANDARD LOW BYTE -. HIGH BYTE FORMA
T..^ PSEUDO-OPERATIONS ....TEXT STRING..
WILL RESERVE A BLOCK OF MEMORY FOR.
A STRING AND FILL THE MEMORY BLOCK. W
ITH THE ASCII EQUIVALENTS OF THE. STRI
NG. THE STRING MUST BE ENCLOSED. IN D
OUBLE QUOTES....*=*+N.. WILL RESERVE '
N' BYTES OF MEMORY. WITHOUT INITIALIZA
TION. WHEN. ASSEMBLING TO DISK, THE B
LOCK IS. FILLED WITH ZERO'S..^^^^^
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