MLASS V1.0 DOX
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): MLASS V1.0 DOX
FILE TYPE(S): SEQ
FILE SIZE: 14.4K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 16:59:22
APPEARS ON: 2 disk(s)
FILE HASH
a2dcc11e99b9db1b4054ca65781dead2325bd45a9e6eb9fb29f7a8ebdaae4d4c
FOUND ON DISKS (2 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MLASS_10 | MLASS V1.0 DOX | SEQ | High Voltage Complete C64 Collection | 19 | 0 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
| TALENTED RULERZ | MLASS V1.0 DOX | SEQ | High Voltage Complete C64 Collection | 15 | 19 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
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BO| 00000090: 55 47 48 54 20 D4 48 45 20 D3 45 43 4F 4E 44 20 |UGHT .HE .ECOND | 000000A0: C2 4F 4F 4B 0A 4F 46 20 CD 41 43 48 49 4E 45 20 |.OOK.OF .ACHINE | 000000B0: CC 41 4E 47 55 41 47 45 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 49 |.ANGUAGE WHICH I| 000000C0: 4E 43 4C 55 44 45 44 20 54 48 45 20 41 53 53 45 |NCLUDED THE ASSE| 000000D0: 4D 42 4C 45 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 CC C1 |MBLER PROGRAM ..| 000000E0: C4 D3 2E 20 C9 20 57 41 53 20 56 45 52 59 0A 49 |... . WAS VERY.I| 000000F0: 4D 50 52 45 53 53 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 20 54 48 |MPRESSED WITH TH| 00000100: 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 41 4E 44 20 55 53 |E PROGRAM AND US| 00000110: 45 44 20 49 54 20 46 4F 52 20 41 4C 4C 20 4F 46 |ED IT FOR ALL OF| 00000120: 20 4D 59 20 CD CC 20 50 52 4F 4A 45 43 54 53 2E | MY .. PROJECTS.| 00000130: 20 C8 4F 57 45 56 45 52 2C 0A 54 48 45 52 45 20 | .OWEVER,.THERE | 00000140: 57 41 53 20 53 45 56 45 52 41 4C 20 54 48 49 4E |WAS SEVERAL THIN| 00000150: 47 53 20 41 42 4F 55 54 20 CC C1 C4 D3 20 54 48 |GS ABOUT .... TH| 00000160: 41 54 20 C9 20 44 49 44 20 4E 4F 54 20 4C 49 4B |AT . DID NOT LIK| 00000170: 45 2C 20 45 53 50 45 43 49 41 4C 4C 59 20 54 48 |E, ESPECIALLY TH| 00000180: 45 20 4C 41 43 4B 0A 4F 46 20 55 53 45 52 20 46 |E LACK.OF USER F| 00000190: 52 49 45 4E 44 4C 49 4E 45 53 53 2E 20 D3 4F 20 |RIENDLINESS. .O | 000001A0: C9 20 53 45 54 20 4F 55 54 20 54 4F 20 57 52 49 |. SET OUT TO WRI| 000001B0: 54 45 20 4D 59 20 4F 57 4E 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 |TE MY OWN ASSEMB| 000001C0: 4C 45 52 20 54 48 41 54 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 41 |LER THAT WOULD A| 000001D0: 4C 53 4F 0A 43 4F 4D 50 49 4C 45 20 54 48 45 20 |LSO.COMPILE THE | 000001E0: 53 4F 55 52 43 45 20 46 49 4C 45 53 20 C9 20 48 |SOURCE FILES . H| 000001F0: 41 44 20 41 4C 4C 20 52 45 41 44 59 20 57 52 49 |AD ALL READY WRI| 00000200: 54 54 45 4E 20 46 4F 52 20 CC C1 C4 D3 2E 0A 20 |TTEN FOR ...... | 00000210: 20 20 20 CE 4F 54 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 57 49 4C 4C | .OT ONLY WILL| 00000220: 20 CD CC C1 D3 D3 20 43 4F 4D 50 49 4C 45 20 53 | ..... COMPILE S| 00000230: 4F 55 52 43 45 20 46 49 4C 45 53 20 57 52 49 54 |OURCE FILES WRIT| 00000240: 54 45 4E 20 46 4F 52 20 CC C1 C4 D3 20 42 55 54 |TEN FOR .... BUT| 00000250: 20 C9 20 48 41 56 45 0A 41 44 44 45 44 20 41 53 | . HAVE.ADDED AS| 00000260: 20 4D 41 4E 59 20 46 45 41 54 55 52 45 53 20 41 | MANY FEATURES A| 00000270: 53 20 50 4F 53 53 49 42 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 4D 41 |S POSSIBLE TO MA| 00000280: 4B 45 20 54 48 49 53 20 4F 4E 45 20 4F 46 20 54 |KE THIS ONE OF T| 00000290: 48 45 20 42 45 53 54 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 45 |HE BEST ASSEMBLE| 000002A0: 52 0A 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 20 41 56 41 49 4C |R.PROGRAMS AVAIL| 000002B0: 41 42 4C 45 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 50 55 42 4C |ABLE IN THE PUBL| 000002C0: 49 43 20 44 4F 4D 41 49 4E 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 46 |IC DOMAIN. .HE F| 000002D0: 45 41 54 55 52 45 53 20 49 4E 43 4C 55 44 45 2E |EATURES INCLUDE.| 000002E0: 2E 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A 20 |... * | 000002F0: CD 45 4E 55 20 44 52 49 56 45 4E 0A 20 20 20 20 |.ENU DRIVEN. | 00000300: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A 20 C4 49 53 4B 20 4F 52 | * .ISK OR| 00000310: 20 D2 C1 CD 20 42 41 53 45 44 20 41 53 53 45 4D | ... BASED ASSEM| 00000320: 42 4C 59 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A |BLY. *| 00000330: 20 C1 4C 4C 4F 57 53 20 43 48 41 49 4E 49 4E 47 | .LLOWS CHAINING| 00000340: 20 4F 46 20 46 49 4C 45 53 20 57 48 45 4E 20 43 | OF FILES WHEN C| 00000350: 4F 4D 50 49 4C 49 4E 47 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 44 49 |OMPILING FROM DI| 00000360: 53 4B 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A 20 |SK. * | 00000370: CF 50 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 4F 20 43 52 45 41 54 45 |.PTION TO CREATE| 00000380: 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 4C 49 4E 4B 20 50 52 4F 47 | ..... LINK PROG| 00000390: 52 41 4D 53 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |RAMS. | 000003A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D7 D2 | ..| 000003B0: C9 D4 C9 CE C7 20 D3 CF D5 D2 C3 C5 20 C6 C9 CC |..... ...... ...| 000003C0: C5 D3 0A 20 20 20 20 D7 52 49 54 49 4E 47 20 53 |... .RITING S| 000003D0: 4F 55 52 43 45 20 46 49 4C 45 53 20 46 4F 52 20 |OURCE FILES FOR | 000003E0: CD CC C1 D3 D3 20 49 53 20 56 45 52 59 20 45 41 |..... IS VERY EA| 000003F0: 53 59 20 53 49 4E 43 45 20 59 4F 55 20 55 53 45 |SY SINCE YOU USE| 00000400: 20 54 48 45 20 36 34 27 53 20 42 55 49 4C 54 0A | THE 64'S BUILT.| 00000410: 49 4E 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 45 44 49 54 4F 52 2C |IN ..... EDITOR,| 00000420: 20 41 20 53 45 50 45 52 41 54 45 20 45 44 49 54 | A SEPERATE EDIT| 00000430: 4F 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 49 53 20 4E 4F |OR PROGRAM IS NO| 00000440: 54 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 2E 20 D4 4F 20 57 52 49 |T NEEDED. .O WRI| 00000450: 54 45 20 41 20 53 4F 55 52 43 45 0A 46 49 4C 45 |TE A SOURCE.FILE| 00000460: 20 53 49 4D 50 4C 59 20 54 55 52 4E 20 4F 4E 20 | SIMPLY TURN ON | 00000470: 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 20 41 4E 44 |THE COMPUTER AND| 00000480: 20 50 52 45 54 45 4E 44 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 | PRETEND YOU ARE| 00000490: 20 57 52 49 54 49 4E 47 20 41 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 | WRITING A .....| 000004A0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D4 48 | PROGRAM.. .H| 000004B0: 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 49 53 20 41 |E FOLLOWING IS A| 000004C0: 20 53 41 4D 50 4C 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 | SAMPLE PROGRAM | 000004D0: 54 48 41 54 20 50 52 49 4E 54 53 20 41 20 4D 45 |THAT PRINTS A ME| 000004E0: 53 53 41 47 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 |SSAGE TO THE SCR| 000004F0: 45 45 4E 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 31 30 30 20 2A 3D 20 |EEN.. 100 *= | 00000500: 34 39 31 35 32 0A 20 20 20 20 31 31 30 20 2E CF |49152. 110 ..| 00000510: 0A 20 20 20 20 31 32 30 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 3D |. 120 ..... =| 00000520: 20 24 C6 C6 C4 32 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | $...2 | 00000530: 20 20 20 3B CB C5 D2 CE C1 CC 20 D2 CF D5 D4 C9 | ;...... .....| 00000540: CE C5 20 D4 C8 C1 D4 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 D3 20 C1 |.. .... ...... .| 00000550: 20 C3 C8 C1 D2 C1 C3 D4 C5 D2 0A 20 20 20 20 31 | .......... 1| 00000560: 33 30 20 3A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 CC C4 D9 |30 : ...| 00000570: 20 23 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3B C9 CE | #0 ;..| 00000580: C9 D4 C9 C1 CC C9 DA C5 20 D4 C8 C5 20 C9 CE C4 |........ ... ...| 00000590: C5 D8 0A 20 20 20 20 31 34 30 20 CC CF CF D0 20 |... 140 .... | 000005A0: 20 20 20 20 20 CC C4 C1 20 CD C5 D3 D3 C1 C7 C5 | ... .......| 000005B0: 2C D9 20 20 20 3B C7 C5 D4 20 C1 20 C3 C8 C1 D2 |,. ;... . ....| 000005C0: C1 C3 D4 C5 D2 0A 20 20 20 20 31 35 30 20 3A 20 |...... 150 : | 000005D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C2 C5 D1 20 C5 CE C4 20 | ... ... | 000005E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3B C9 C6 20 DA C5 D2 CF | ;.. ....| 000005F0: 20 D4 C8 C5 CE 20 C5 CE C4 20 CF C6 20 CD C5 D3 | .... ... .. ...| 00000600: D3 C1 C7 C5 0A 20 20 20 20 31 36 30 20 3A 20 20 |..... 160 : | 00000610: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 CA D3 D2 20 D0 D2 C9 CE D4 | ... .....| 00000620: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3B D0 D2 C9 CE D4 20 D4 C8 | ;..... ..| 00000630: C5 20 C3 C8 C1 D2 C1 C3 D4 C5 D2 0A 20 20 20 20 |. .......... | 00000640: 31 37 30 20 3A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C9 CE |170 : ..| 00000650: D9 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3B C9 |. ;.| 00000660: CE C3 D2 C5 CD C5 CE D4 20 D4 C8 C5 20 C9 CE C4 |........ ... ...| 00000670: C5 D8 0A 20 20 20 20 31 38 30 20 3A 20 20 20 20 |... 180 : | 00000680: 20 20 20 20 20 CA CD D0 20 CC CF CF D0 20 20 20 | ... .... | 00000690: 20 20 20 20 20 3B C7 CF 20 C2 C1 C3 CB 20 C6 CF | ;.. .... ..| 000006A0: D2 20 D4 C8 C5 20 CE C5 D8 D4 20 C3 C8 C1 D2 C1 |. ... .... .....| 000006B0: C3 D4 C5 D2 0A 20 20 20 20 31 39 30 20 C5 CE C4 |..... 190 ...| 000006C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D2 D4 D3 0A 20 20 20 20 32 | .... 2| 000006D0: 30 30 20 CD C5 D3 D3 C1 C7 C5 20 2E C2 D9 D4 C5 |00 ....... .....| 000006E0: 20 22 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 4D 45 | ".HIS IS THE ME| 000006F0: 53 53 41 47 45 22 3A 2E C2 D9 D4 C5 20 30 0A 20 |SSAGE":..... 0. | 00000700: 20 20 20 32 31 30 20 2E C5 CE C4 0A 20 20 20 20 | 210 ..... | 00000710: D4 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 54 |.HE FIRST LINE T| 00000720: 45 4C 4C 53 20 54 48 45 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C |ELLS THE ASSEMBL| 00000730: 45 52 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 |ER THAT THE PROG| 00000740: 52 41 4D 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 47 49 4E 20 41 |RAM WILL BEGIN A| 00000750: 54 0A 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 4C 4F 43 41 54 49 4F |T.MEMORY LOCATIO| 00000760: 4E 20 34 39 31 35 32 2E 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 |N 49152. .F YOU | 00000770: 57 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 4D 4F 56 45 20 54 48 45 |WANT TO MOVE THE| 00000780: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 54 4F 20 41 20 44 49 | PROGRAM TO A DI| 00000790: 46 46 45 52 45 4E 54 20 50 4C 41 43 45 0A 49 4E |FFERENT PLACE.IN| 000007A0: 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 4A 55 53 54 20 43 48 41 | MEMORY JUST CHA| 000007B0: 4E 47 45 20 54 48 45 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 |NGE THE ADDRESS | 000007C0: 41 4E 44 20 52 45 2D 43 4F 4D 50 49 4C 45 20 49 |AND RE-COMPILE I| 000007D0: 54 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 43 48 41 52 41 |T.. .HE CHARA| 000007E0: 43 54 45 52 53 20 49 4E 20 4C 49 4E 45 53 20 31 |CTERS IN LINES 1| 000007F0: 31 30 2C 20 32 30 30 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 32 31 30 |10, 200, AND 210| 00000800: 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 41 52 45 20 50 52 45 43 45 | WHICH ARE PRECE| 00000810: 44 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 20 2E 0A 28 50 |DED WITH A ..(P| 00000820: 45 52 49 4F 44 29 20 41 52 45 20 4E 4F 54 20 50 |ERIOD) ARE NOT P| 00000830: 41 52 54 20 50 41 52 54 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 |ART PART OF THE | 00000840: 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 42 55 54 20 43 4F 4D 4D |PROGRAM BUT COMM| 00000850: 41 4E 44 53 20 46 4F 52 20 CD CC C1 D3 D3 2E 20 |ANDS FOR ...... | 00000860: C1 20 46 55 4C 4C 0A 4C 49 53 54 20 4F 46 20 54 |. FULL.LIST OF T| 00000870: 48 45 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 49 53 20 47 |HE COMMANDS IS G| 00000880: 49 56 45 4E 20 42 45 4C 4F 57 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 |IVEN BELOW.. | 00000890: 20 CC 49 4E 45 20 31 32 30 20 49 53 20 41 4E 20 | .INE 120 IS AN | 000008A0: C5 D1 D5 C1 D4 C5 2E 20 C5 51 55 41 54 45 53 20 |....... .QUATES | 000008B0: 53 50 45 43 49 46 59 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 4C |SPECIFY MEMORY L| 000008C0: 4F 43 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 4F 55 54 53 49 44 45 |OCATIONS OUTSIDE| 000008D0: 20 54 48 45 0A 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 D4 48 | THE.PROGRAM. .H| 000008E0: 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 41 20 4D 41 4A 4F 52 20 41 |ERE IS A MAJOR A| 000008F0: 44 56 41 4E 54 41 47 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 49 53 |DVANTAGE TO THIS| 00000900: 20 49 4E 53 54 45 41 44 20 4F 46 20 CA D3 D2 20 | INSTEAD OF ... | 00000910: 24 C6 C6 C4 32 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 41 54 0A 49 |$...2 AND THAT.I| 00000920: 53 20 54 48 45 20 41 42 49 4C 49 54 59 20 54 4F |S THE ABILITY TO| 00000930: 20 54 52 41 4E 53 50 4F 52 54 20 54 48 45 20 50 | TRANSPORT THE P| 00000940: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 54 4F 20 41 4E 4F 54 48 45 |ROGRAM TO ANOTHE| 00000950: 52 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 2E 20 C9 46 20 59 |R COMPUTER. .F Y| 00000960: 4F 55 20 57 45 52 45 0A 54 4F 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 |OU WERE.TO MODIF| 00000970: 59 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 54 4F 20 52 |Y A PROGRAM TO R| 00000980: 55 4E 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 31 32 38 20 59 4F |UN ON THE 128 YO| 00000990: 55 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 4E 4F 54 20 48 41 56 45 |U WOULD NOT HAVE| 000009A0: 20 54 4F 20 47 4F 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 0A 54 | TO GO THROUGH.T| 000009B0: 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 41 4E 44 20 43 |HE PROGRAM AND C| 000009C0: 48 41 4E 47 45 20 45 56 45 52 59 20 4D 41 43 48 |HANGE EVERY MACH| 000009D0: 49 4E 45 20 53 50 45 43 49 46 49 43 20 41 44 44 |INE SPECIFIC ADD| 000009E0: 52 45 53 53 2E 20 C9 4E 53 54 45 41 44 20 59 4F |RESS. .NSTEAD YO| 000009F0: 55 20 4F 4E 4C 59 0A 48 41 56 45 20 54 4F 20 43 |U ONLY.HAVE TO C| 00000A00: 48 41 4E 47 45 20 54 48 45 20 45 51 55 41 54 45 |HANGE THE EQUATE| 00000A10: 20 41 4E 44 20 52 45 2D 43 4F 4D 50 49 4C 45 20 | AND RE-COMPILE | 00000A20: 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 C9 20 57 |THE PROGRAM. . W| 00000A30: 4F 55 4C 44 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 4F 0A 50 4F 49 |OULD LIKE TO.POI| 00000A40: 4E 54 20 4F 55 54 20 48 45 52 45 20 54 48 41 54 |NT OUT HERE THAT| 00000A50: 20 41 4C 4C 20 54 48 4F 55 47 48 20 45 51 55 41 | ALL THOUGH EQUA| 00000A60: 54 45 53 20 41 52 45 20 45 58 43 45 50 54 45 44 |TES ARE EXCEPTED| 00000A70: 20 41 4E 59 57 48 45 52 45 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 | ANYWHERE IN THE| 00000A80: 20 53 4F 55 52 43 45 0A 43 4F 44 45 2C 20 45 51 | SOURCE.CODE, EQ| 00000A90: 55 41 54 45 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 53 50 45 43 49 |UATES THAT SPECI| 00000AA0: 46 59 20 4C 4F 43 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 4F 4E 20 |FY LOCATIONS ON | 00000AB0: 5A 45 52 4F 20 50 41 47 45 20 CD D5 D3 D4 20 42 |ZERO PAGE .... B| 00000AC0: 45 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 |E DEFINED BEFORE| 00000AD0: 0A 54 48 45 59 20 41 52 45 20 52 45 46 45 52 45 |.THEY ARE REFERE| 00000AE0: 4E 43 45 44 2E 20 C9 54 20 49 53 20 41 20 47 4F |NCED. .T IS A GO| 00000AF0: 4F 44 20 49 44 45 41 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 41 20 47 |OD IDEA, AND A G| 00000B00: 4F 4F 44 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 20 |OOD PROGRAMMING | 00000B10: 50 52 41 43 54 49 43 45 2C 20 54 4F 0A 50 55 54 |PRACTICE, TO.PUT| 00000B20: 20 C1 CC CC 20 45 51 55 41 54 45 53 20 41 54 20 | ... EQUATES AT | 00000B30: 54 48 45 20 42 45 47 49 4E 4E 49 4E 47 20 4F 46 |THE BEGINNING OF| 00000B40: 20 54 48 45 20 53 4F 55 52 43 45 20 46 49 4C 45 | THE SOURCE FILE| 00000B50: 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D0 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 54 59 |.. .ROGRAM TY| 00000B60: 50 45 20 4C 41 42 4C 45 53 20 53 55 43 48 20 41 |PE LABLES SUCH A| 00000B70: 53 20 CC CF CF D0 20 28 4C 49 4E 45 20 31 34 30 |S .... (LINE 140| 00000B80: 29 2C 20 C5 CE C4 20 28 4C 49 4E 45 20 31 39 30 |), ... (LINE 190| 00000B90: 29 20 41 4E 44 0A CD C5 D3 D3 C1 C7 C5 20 28 4C |) AND........ (L| 00000BA0: 49 4E 45 20 32 30 30 29 20 41 52 45 20 55 53 45 |INE 200) ARE USE| 00000BB0: 44 20 41 53 20 54 41 52 47 45 54 53 20 49 4E 53 |D AS TARGETS INS| 00000BC0: 49 44 45 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E |IDE THE PROGRAM.| 00000BD0: 20 CE C5 D6 C5 D2 20 55 53 45 20 41 20 4C 49 4E | ..... USE A LIN| 00000BE0: 45 0A 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 41 53 20 41 20 54 41 |E.NUMBER AS A TA| 00000BF0: 52 47 45 54 2C 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 4C 41 42 4C 45 |RGET, ONLY LABLE| 00000C00: 53 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4C 41 42 4C 45 |S.. .HE LABLE| 00000C10: 20 49 4E 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 32 30 30 20 49 53 20 | IN LINE 200 IS | 00000C20: 55 53 45 44 20 54 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 20 57 41 |USED THE SAME WA| 00000C30: 59 20 59 4F 55 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 55 53 45 20 |Y YOU WOULD USE | 00000C40: 41 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 49 4E 20 41 0A |A VARIABLE IN A.| 00000C50: C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 C5 |..... PROGRAM. .| 00000C60: 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 44 45 46 49 |XAMPLE, YOU DEFI| 00000C70: 4E 45 20 41 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 57 49 |NE A VARIABLE WI| 00000C80: 54 48 20 41 20 4C 41 42 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 54 |TH A LABLE AND T| 00000C90: 48 45 20 2E C2 D9 D4 C5 0A 53 54 41 54 45 4D 45 |HE ......STATEME| 00000CA0: 4E 54 20 4C 49 4B 45 2E 2E 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D6 |NT LIKE.... .| 00000CB0: C1 D2 C9 C1 C2 CC C5 20 2E C2 D9 D4 C5 20 30 0A |....... ..... 0.| 00000CC0: 20 20 20 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 57 41 4E | .HEN YOU WAN| 00000CD0: 54 20 54 4F 20 43 48 41 4E 47 45 20 54 48 45 20 |T TO CHANGE THE | 00000CE0: 56 41 4C 55 45 20 4A 55 53 54 20 D3 D4 C1 20 D6 |VALUE JUST ... .| 00000CF0: C1 D2 C9 C1 C2 CC C5 2E 20 D4 4F 20 47 45 54 20 |........ .O GET | 00000D00: 54 48 45 20 56 41 4C 55 45 0A 53 49 4D 50 4C 59 |THE VALUE.SIMPLY| 00000D10: 20 CC C4 C1 20 D6 C1 D2 C9 C1 C2 CC C5 2E 20 D9 | ... ......... .| 00000D20: 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 41 4C 53 4F 20 44 45 46 49 |OU CAN ALSO DEFI| 00000D30: 4E 45 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 53 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 |NE STRINGS LIKE | 00000D40: 54 48 45 20 4F 4E 45 20 41 42 4F 56 45 20 55 53 |THE ONE ABOVE US| 00000D50: 49 4E 47 0A 51 55 4F 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 4D 41 |ING.QUOTATION MA| 00000D60: 52 4B 53 2E 20 C3 55 52 53 4F 52 20 43 4F 4E 54 |RKS. .URSOR CONT| 00000D70: 52 4F 4C 53 2C 20 43 4F 4C 4F 52 20 43 4F 44 45 |ROLS, COLOR CODE| 00000D80: 53 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 41 4E 59 20 4F 54 48 45 52 |S, AND ANY OTHER| 00000D90: 20 50 52 49 4E 54 41 42 4C 45 0A 43 48 41 52 41 | PRINTABLE.CHARA| 00000DA0: 43 54 45 52 53 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 45 4E 54 |CTERS CAN BE ENT| 00000DB0: 45 52 45 44 20 49 4E 20 51 55 4F 54 41 54 49 4F |ERED IN QUOTATIO| 00000DC0: 4E 20 4D 41 52 4B 53 20 4A 55 53 54 20 4C 49 4B |N MARKS JUST LIK| 00000DD0: 45 20 54 48 45 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 50 52 49 4E |E THE ..... PRIN| 00000DE0: 54 0A 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D4 |T.COMMAND.. .| 00000DF0: 48 45 20 20 3B 20 20 28 53 45 4D 49 2D 43 4F 4C |HE ; (SEMI-COL| 00000E00: 4F 4E 29 20 49 53 20 55 53 45 44 20 54 4F 20 41 |ON) IS USED TO A| 00000E10: 44 44 20 52 45 4D 41 52 4B 53 20 54 4F 20 54 48 |DD REMARKS TO TH| 00000E20: 45 20 46 49 4C 45 20 54 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 20 |E FILE THE SAME | 00000E30: 57 41 59 0A 59 4F 55 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 55 53 |WAY.YOU WOULD US| 00000E40: 45 20 54 48 45 20 D2 C5 CD 20 53 54 41 54 45 4D |E THE ... STATEM| 00000E50: 45 4E 54 20 49 4E 20 41 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 50 |ENT IN A ..... P| 00000E60: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 C1 4E 59 54 48 49 4E 47 |ROGRAM. .NYTHING| 00000E70: 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 41 0A 53 45 4D | FOLLOWING A.SEM| 00000E80: 49 2D 43 4F 4C 4F 4E 20 49 53 20 49 47 4E 4F 52 |I-COLON IS IGNOR| 00000E90: 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 45 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 |ED BY THE ASSEMB| 00000EA0: 4C 45 52 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 20 3A 20 |LER.. .HE : | 00000EB0: 20 28 43 4F 4C 4F 4E 29 20 49 53 20 55 53 45 44 | (COLON) IS USED| 00000EC0: 20 54 57 4F 20 57 41 59 53 20 57 49 54 48 20 CD | TWO WAYS WITH .| 00000ED0: CC C1 D3 D3 2E 20 C9 54 20 43 41 4E 20 53 45 50 |..... .T CAN SEP| 00000EE0: 45 52 41 54 45 20 49 4E 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F 4E |ERATE INTRUCTION| 00000EF0: 53 0A 4A 55 53 54 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 49 4E 20 C2 |S.JUST LIKE IN .| 00000F00: C1 D3 C9 C3 20 53 55 43 48 20 41 53 20 20 CC C4 |.... 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BE THE *= COM| 00003080: 4D 41 4E 44 2E 20 C9 46 20 CD CC C1 D3 D3 20 44 |MAND. .F ..... D| 00003090: 4F 45 53 20 4E 4F 54 20 46 49 4E 44 20 54 48 45 |OES NOT FIND THE| 000030A0: 0A 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 54 48 49 53 20 4D 45 |.COMMAND THIS ME| 000030B0: 53 53 41 47 45 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 50 52 |SSAGE WILL BE PR| 000030C0: 49 4E 54 45 44 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 |INTED AND THE PR| 000030D0: 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 53 54 4F 50 2E |OGRAM WILL STOP.| 000030E0: 0A 20 20 20 20 C5 CE C4 20 CF C6 20 C6 C9 CC C5 |. ... .. ....| 000030F0: 20 2D 20 C5 56 45 52 59 20 53 4F 55 52 43 45 20 | - .VERY SOURCE | 00003100: 46 49 4C 45 20 4D 55 53 54 20 45 4E 44 20 57 49 |FILE MUST END WI| 00003110: 54 48 20 41 20 2E C6 C9 CC C5 20 4F 52 20 2E C5 |TH A ..... OR ..| 00003120: CE C4 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 2E 20 C9 46 0A 54 |.. COMMAND. .F.T| 00003130: 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 52 45 41 43 48 |HE PROGRAM REACH| 00003140: 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 41 20 |ES THE END OF A | 00003150: 46 49 4C 45 20 57 49 54 48 4F 55 54 20 46 49 4E |FILE WITHOUT FIN| 00003160: 44 49 4E 47 20 4F 4E 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 53 |DING ONE OF THES| 00003170: 45 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 0A 54 48 45 20 50 |E COMMANDS.THE P| 00003180: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 53 54 4F 50 |ROGRAM WILL STOP| 00003190: 2E 20 2A CE CF D4 C5 2A 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 54 48 |. *....* .HEN TH| 000031A0: 49 53 20 45 52 52 4F 52 20 4F 43 43 55 52 53 20 |IS ERROR OCCURS | 000031B0: 4F 4E 4C 59 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 4D |ONLY THE FILENAM| 000031C0: 45 20 49 53 0A 49 4D 50 4F 52 54 41 4E 54 2E 20 |E IS.IMPORTANT. | 000031D0: D4 48 45 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 |.HE LINE NUMBER | 000031E0: 41 4E 44 20 53 54 52 49 4E 47 20 53 48 4F 55 4C |AND STRING SHOUL| 000031F0: 44 20 42 45 20 49 47 4E 4F 52 45 44 2E 0A 20 20 |D BE IGNORED.. | 00003200: 20 20 CF D5 D4 20 CF C6 20 CD C5 CD CF D2 D9 20 | ... .. ...... | 00003210: 2D 20 CD CC C1 D3 D3 20 50 55 54 53 20 41 4C 4C |- ..... PUTS ALL| 00003220: 20 4C 41 42 4C 45 53 20 49 4E 20 41 4E 20 41 52 | LABLES IN AN AR| 00003230: 52 41 59 20 54 48 41 54 20 42 45 47 49 4E 53 20 |RAY THAT BEGINS | 00003240: 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 54 4F 50 0A 4F 46 20 C2 C1 |AT THE TOP.OF ..| 00003250: D3 C9 C3 20 53 54 4F 52 41 47 45 20 41 4E 44 20 |... 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BASE| 00003360: 44 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 59 20 41 4E 44 20 54 |D ASSEMBLY AND T| 00003370: 48 49 53 20 48 41 50 50 45 4E 53 0A 59 4F 55 20 |HIS HAPPENS.YOU | 00003380: 57 49 4C 4C 20 48 41 56 45 20 54 4F 20 53 41 56 |WILL HAVE TO SAV| 00003390: 45 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 44 49 |E THE FILE TO DI| 000033A0: 53 4B 20 41 4E 44 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 44 |SK AND USE THE D| 000033B0: 49 53 4B 20 41 53 53 45 4D 42 4C 59 20 4F 50 54 |ISK ASSEMBLY OPT| 000033C0: 49 4F 4E 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 CF D6 C5 D2 C6 CC CF |ION.. .......| 000033D0: D7 20 2D 20 D4 48 49 53 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 20 CD |. - .HIS MEANS .| 000033E0: CC C1 D3 D3 20 48 41 53 20 46 4F 55 4E 44 20 41 |.... HAS FOUND A| 000033F0: 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 54 48 41 54 20 49 53 20 | NUMBER THAT IS | 00003400: 54 4F 4F 20 4C 41 52 47 45 2E 20 D4 48 45 52 45 |TOO LARGE. .HERE| 00003410: 0A 41 52 45 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 54 48 49 4E 47 |.ARE THREE THING| 00003420: 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 43 41 55 53 |S THAT WILL CAUS| 00003430: 45 20 54 48 49 53 20 45 52 52 4F 52 2E 0A 20 20 |E THIS ERROR.. | 00003440: 20 20 20 20 31 29 20 C1 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 | 1) . NUMBER | 00003450: 4C 41 52 47 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 36 35 35 33 |LARGER THAN 6553| 00003460: 35 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 29 20 C1 4E 20 49 |5.. 2) .N I| 00003470: 4E 44 49 52 45 43 54 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 43 54 |NDIRECT INSTRUCT| 00003480: 49 4F 4E 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 CC C4 C1 20 28 32 30 |ION LIKE ... (20| 00003490: 30 29 2C D9 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 56 41 4C |0),. AND THE VAL| 000034A0: 55 45 20 49 53 0A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D |UE IS. M| 000034B0: 4F 52 45 20 54 48 41 4E 20 32 35 35 2E 0A 20 20 |ORE THAN 255.. | 000034C0: 20 20 20 20 33 29 20 C9 46 20 41 20 2E C2 D9 D4 | 3) .F A ....| 000034D0: C5 20 53 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 20 43 4F 4E 54 |. STATEMENT CONT| 000034E0: 41 49 4E 53 20 41 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 4C 41 |AINS A NUMBER LA| 000034F0: 52 47 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 32 35 35 2E 0A 20 |RGER THAN 255.. | 00003500: 20 20 20 C2 D2 C1 CE C3 C8 20 CF D5 D4 20 CF C6 | ...... ... ..| 00003510: 20 D2 C1 CE C7 C5 20 2D 20 D4 48 49 53 20 57 49 | ..... - .HIS WI| 00003520: 4C 4C 20 4F 43 43 55 52 20 49 46 20 41 20 42 52 |LL OCCUR IF A BR| 00003530: 41 4E 43 48 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F 4E |ANCH INSTRUCTION| 00003540: 20 45 58 43 45 45 44 53 20 54 48 45 0A 31 32 38 | EXCEEDS THE.128| 00003550: 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 42 41 43 4B 57 41 52 44 20 | BYTES BACKWARD | 00003560: 4F 52 20 31 32 37 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 46 4F 52 |OR 127 BYTES FOR| 00003570: 57 41 52 44 20 4C 49 4D 49 54 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 |WARD LIMIT.. | 00003580: CE C1 CB C5 C4 20 CC C1 C2 C5 CC 20 2D 20 CC 41 |..... ..... - .A| 00003590: 42 4C 45 53 20 41 52 45 20 55 53 45 44 20 49 4E |BLES ARE USED IN| 000035A0: 20 4F 4E 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 57 41 | ONE OF THREE WA| 000035B0: 59 53 2E 20 C1 29 20 41 53 20 41 4E 20 45 51 55 |YS. .) AS AN EQU| 000035C0: 41 54 45 20 57 48 49 43 48 0A 4D 45 41 4E 53 20 |ATE WHICH.MEANS | 000035D0: 49 54 20 49 53 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 45 44 20 42 |IT IS FOLLOWED B| 000035E0: 59 20 41 4E 20 45 51 55 41 4C 20 53 49 47 4E 20 |Y AN EQUAL SIGN | 000035F0: 41 4E 44 20 41 20 56 41 4C 55 45 2C 20 C2 29 20 |AND A VALUE, .) | 00003600: 50 4C 41 43 45 44 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 41 4E |PLACED BEFORE AN| 00003610: 0A 49 4E 53 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 57 48 49 |.INSTRUCTION WHI| 00003620: 43 48 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 20 49 54 27 53 20 41 20 |CH MEANS IT'S A | 00003630: 54 41 52 47 45 54 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 C3 29 20 49 |TARGET, AND .) I| 00003640: 4E 20 41 4E 20 41 52 47 55 4D 45 4E 54 20 46 4F |N AN ARGUMENT FO| 00003650: 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 41 4E 0A 49 4E 53 54 52 |LLOWING AN.INSTR| 00003660: 55 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 C1 20 4E 41 4B 45 44 20 |UCTION. . NAKED | 00003670: 4C 41 42 45 4C 20 49 53 20 4F 4E 45 20 54 48 41 |LABEL IS ONE THA| 00003680: 54 20 49 53 20 4F 4E 20 41 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 42 |T IS ON A LINE B| 00003690: 59 20 49 54 53 45 4C 46 20 28 4E 4F 54 20 46 4F |Y ITSELF (NOT FO| 000036A0: 4C 4C 4F 57 45 44 0A 42 59 20 41 4E 20 45 51 55 |LLOWED.BY AN EQU| 000036B0: 41 4C 20 53 49 47 4E 20 4F 52 20 41 4E 20 49 4E |AL SIGN OR AN IN| 000036C0: 53 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F 4E 29 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 |STRUCTION).. | 000036D0: D5 CE C4 C5 C6 C9 CE C5 C4 20 CC C1 C2 CC C5 20 |......... ..... | 000036E0: 2D 20 C1 20 4C 41 42 4C 45 20 55 53 45 44 20 49 |- . LABLE USED I| 000036F0: 4E 20 41 4E 20 41 52 47 55 4D 45 4E 54 20 54 48 |N AN ARGUMENT TH| 00003700: 41 54 20 57 41 53 20 4E 4F 54 20 44 45 46 49 4E |AT WAS NOT DEFIN| 00003710: 45 44 20 41 53 20 41 4E 0A 45 51 55 41 54 45 20 |ED AS AN.EQUATE | 00003720: 4F 52 20 41 20 54 41 52 47 45 54 20 28 C1 20 41 |OR A TARGET (. A| 00003730: 4E 44 20 C2 20 41 42 4F 56 45 29 2E 0A 20 20 20 |ND . ABOVE).. | 00003740: 20 C4 D5 D0 CC C9 C3 C1 D4 C5 20 CC C1 C2 CC C5 | ......... .....| 00003750: 20 2D 20 C1 20 4C 41 42 4C 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 | - . LABLE THAT | 00003760: 57 41 53 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 4D 4F 52 45 |WAS DEFINED MORE| 00003770: 20 54 48 41 4E 20 4F 4E 43 45 2E 20 C1 20 4C 41 | THAN ONCE. . LA| 00003780: 42 4C 45 20 4D 41 59 20 42 45 0A 55 53 45 44 20 |BLE MAY BE.USED | 00003790: 41 53 20 4D 41 4E 59 20 54 49 4D 45 53 20 41 53 |AS MANY TIMES AS| 000037A0: 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 20 49 4E 20 41 52 47 55 4D | NEEDED IN ARGUM| 000037B0: 45 4E 54 53 20 42 55 54 20 43 41 4E 20 4F 4E 4C |ENTS BUT CAN ONL| 000037C0: 59 20 42 45 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 41 53 20 |Y BE DEFINED AS | 000037D0: 41 4E 0A 45 51 55 41 54 45 20 4F 52 20 54 41 52 |AN.EQUATE OR TAR| 000037E0: 47 45 54 20 4F 4E 43 45 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 D3 D9 |GET ONCE.. ..| 000037F0: CE D4 C1 D8 20 2D 20 C1 4E 59 20 53 54 52 49 4E |.... - .NY STRIN| 00003800: 47 20 4F 46 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 |G OF CHARACTERS | 00003810: 54 48 41 54 20 CD CC C1 D3 D3 20 43 41 4E 4E 4F |THAT ..... CANNO| 00003820: 54 20 55 4E 44 45 52 53 54 41 4E 44 20 57 49 4C |T UNDERSTAND WIL| 00003830: 4C 0A 52 45 53 55 4C 54 20 49 4E 20 41 20 53 59 |L.RESULT IN A SY| 00003840: 4E 54 41 58 20 45 52 52 4F 52 2E 20 C3 41 4E 20 |NTAX ERROR. .AN | 00003850: 41 4C 53 4F 20 4D 45 41 4E 20 54 48 41 54 20 59 |ALSO MEAN THAT Y| 00003860: 4F 55 20 46 4F 52 47 4F 54 20 53 4F 4D 45 54 48 |OU FORGOT SOMETH| 00003870: 49 4E 47 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 41 0A 56 41 4C 55 45 |ING LIKE A.VALUE| 00003880: 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 41 4E 20 45 51 55 41 54 45 | AFTER AN EQUATE| 00003890: 2C 20 4F 52 20 41 4E 20 41 52 47 55 4D 45 4E 54 |, OR AN ARGUMENT| 000038A0: 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 41 4E 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 | AFTER AN INSTRU| 000038B0: 43 54 49 4F 4E 2E 0A 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F |CTION.. .F YO| 000038C0: 55 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 4E 59 20 51 55 45 53 54 |U HAVE ANY QUEST| 000038D0: 49 4F 4E 53 2C 20 43 4F 4D 4D 45 4E 54 53 2C 20 |IONS, COMMENTS, | 000038E0: 4F 52 20 41 4E 59 20 53 55 47 47 45 53 54 49 4F |OR ANY SUGGESTIO| 000038F0: 4E 53 20 46 4F 52 20 46 55 54 55 52 45 0A 56 45 |NS FOR FUTURE.VE| 00003900: 52 53 49 4F 4E 53 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 43 |RSIONS YOU CAN C| 00003910: 4F 4E 54 41 43 54 20 4D 45 20 4F 4E 20 D1 2D CC |ONTACT ME ON .-.| 00003920: C9 CE CB 3A 20 48 41 4E 44 4C 45 2C 20 D4 C2 C9 |...: HANDLE, ...| 00003930: D2 C4 34 20 20 20 4F 52 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E |..4 OR YOU CAN| 00003940: 20 57 52 49 54 45 0A 4D 45 20 41 54 2E 2E 2E 2E | WRITE.ME AT....| 00003950: 20 31 31 39 37 30 20 C7 52 45 56 49 4C 4C 45 41 | 11970 .REVILLEA| 00003960: 20 C1 56 45 2E 20 C1 D0 D4 2E 20 CE 0A 20 20 20 | .VE. .... .. | 00003970: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C8 41 57 54 48 4F 52 4E 45 | .AWTHORNE| 00003980: 20 C3 41 4C 49 46 2E 20 39 30 32 35 30 0A | .ALIF. 90250. |
MLASS V1
.0. INTROD
UCTION. WHEN I FIRST STARTED WRITING
IN MACHINE LANGUAGE I BOUGHT THE SECOND
BOOK.OF MACHINE LANGUAGE WHICH INCLUDED
THE ASSEMBLER PROGRAM LADS. I WAS VERY.I
MPRESSED WITH THE PROGRAM AND USED IT FO
R ALL OF MY ML PROJECTS. HOWEVER,.THERE
WAS SEVERAL THINGS ABOUT LADS THAT I DID
NOT LIKE, ESPECIALLY THE LACK.OF USER F
RIENDLINESS. SO I SET OUT TO WRITE MY OW
N ASSEMBLER THAT WOULD ALSO.COMPILE THE
SOURCE FILES I HAD ALL READY WRITTEN FOR
LADS.. NOT ONLY WILL MLASS COMPILE S
OURCE FILES WRITTEN FOR LADS BUT I HAVE.
ADDED AS MANY FEATURES AS POSSIBLE TO MA
KE THIS ONE OF THE BEST ASSEMBLER.PROGRA
MS AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. THE F
EATURES INCLUDE.... * MENU DRI
VEN. * DISK OR RAM BASED ASSEM
BLY. * ALLOWS CHAINING OF FILE
S WHEN COMPILING FROM DISK. *
OPTION TO CREATE BASIC LINK PROGRAMS.
WRITING SOURCE FIL
ES. WRITING SOURCE FILES FOR MLASS IS
VERY EASY SINCE YOU USE THE 64'S BUILT.
IN BASIC EDITOR, A SEPERATE EDITOR PROGR
AM IS NOT NEEDED. TO WRITE A SOURCE.FILE
SIMPLY TURN ON THE COMPUTER AND PRETEND
YOU ARE WRITING A BASIC PROGRAM.. TH
E FOLLOWING IS A SAMPLE PROGRAM THAT PRI
NTS A MESSAGE TO THE SCREEN.. 100 *=
49152. 110 .O. 120 PRINT = $FFD2
;KERNAL ROUTINE THAT PRINTS A
CHARACTER. 130 : LDY #0
;INITIALIZE THE INDEX. 140 LOOP
LDA MESSAGE,Y ;GET A CHARACTER.
150 : BEQ END ;IF ZERO
THEN END OF MESSAGE. 160 : J
SR PRINT ;PRINT THE CHARACTER.
170 : INY ;INCREMENT
THE INDEX. 180 : JMP LOOP
;GO BACK FOR THE NEXT CHARACTER.
190 END RTS. 200 MESSAGE .BYTE
"THIS IS THE MESSAGE":.BYTE 0. 210 .
END. THE FIRST LINE TELLS THE ASSEMBL
ER THAT THE PROGRAM WILL BEGIN AT.MEMORY
LOCATION 49152. IF YOU WANT TO MOVE THE
PROGRAM TO A DIFFERENT PLACE.IN MEMORY
JUST CHANGE THE ADDRESS AND RE-COMPILE I
T.. THE CHARACTERS IN LINES 110, 200,
AND 210 WHICH ARE PRECEDED WITH A ..(P
ERIOD) ARE NOT PART PART OF THE PROGRAM
BUT COMMANDS FOR MLASS. A FULL.LIST OF T
HE COMMANDS IS GIVEN BELOW.. LINE 12
0 IS AN EQUATE. EQUATES SPECIFY MEMORY L
OCATIONS OUTSIDE THE.PROGRAM. THERE IS A
MAJOR ADVANTAGE TO THIS INSTEAD OF JSR
$FFD2 AND THAT.IS THE ABILITY TO TRANSPO
RT THE PROGRAM TO ANOTHER COMPUTER. IF Y
OU WERE.TO MODIFY A PROGRAM TO RUN ON TH
E 128 YOU WOULD NOT HAVE TO GO THROUGH.T
HE PROGRAM AND CHANGE EVERY MACHINE SPEC
IFIC ADDRESS. INSTEAD YOU ONLY.HAVE TO C
HANGE THE EQUATE AND RE-COMPILE THE PROG
RAM. I WOULD LIKE TO.POINT OUT HERE THAT
ALL THOUGH EQUATES ARE EXCEPTED ANYWHER
E IN THE SOURCE.CODE, EQUATES THAT SPECI
FY LOCATIONS ON ZERO PAGE MUST BE DEFINE
D BEFORE.THEY ARE REFERENCED. IT IS A GO
OD IDEA, AND A GOOD PROGRAMMING PRACTICE
, TO.PUT ALL EQUATES AT THE BEGINNING OF
THE SOURCE FILE.. PROGRAM TYPE LABLE
S SUCH AS LOOP (LINE 140), END (LINE 190
) AND.MESSAGE (LINE 200) ARE USED AS TAR
GETS INSIDE THE PROGRAM. NEVER USE A LIN
E.NUMBER AS A TARGET, ONLY LABLES.. T
HE LABLE IN LINE 200 IS USED THE SAME WA
Y YOU WOULD USE A VARIABLE IN A.BASIC PR
OGRAM. EXAMPLE, YOU DEFINE A VARIABLE WI
TH A LABLE AND THE .BYTE.STATEMENT LIKE.
... VARIABLE .BYTE 0. WHEN YOU WAN
T TO CHANGE THE VALUE JUST STA VARIABLE.
TO GET THE VALUE.SIMPLY LDA VARIABLE. Y
OU CAN ALSO DEFINE STRINGS LIKE THE ONE
ABOVE USING.QUOTATION MARKS. CURSOR CONT
ROLS, COLOR CODES, AND ANY OTHER PRINTAB
LE.CHARACTERS CAN BE ENTERED IN QUOTATIO
N MARKS JUST LIKE THE BASIC PRINT.COMMAN
D.. THE ; (SEMI-COLON) IS USED TO A
DD REMARKS TO THE FILE THE SAME WAY.YOU
WOULD USE THE REM STATEMENT IN A BASIC P
ROGRAM. ANYTHING FOLLOWING A.SEMI-COLON
IS IGNORED BY THE ASSEMBLER.. THE :
(COLON) IS USED TWO WAYS WITH MLASS. IT
CAN SEPERATE INTRUCTIONS.JUST LIKE IN B
ASIC SUCH AS LDA #25:STA 828. THIS ALLO
WS YOU TO PUT MULTIPLE.INSTRUCTIONS ON A
LINE OF SORCE CODE.. YOU CAN ALSO US
E THE COLON AS THE FIRST CHARACTER IN A
LINE SO YOU CAN.ADD SPACES BETWEEN THE L
INE NUMBER AND THE INSTRUCTION. THIS MAK
ES THE FILES.MUCH EASIER TO READ AND EDI
T.. *NOTE* THE ADDED SPACES BETWEEN T
HE LINE NUMBERS AND THE INSTRUCTIONS AND
.BETWEEN THE INSTRUCTIONS AND THE REMARK
S ARE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH LADS. I HAVE.A
DDED THIS ABILITY TO MLASS SO SOURCE FIL
ES CAN BE WRITTEN IN A MORE LEDGIBLE.MAN
NER.. CO
MMANDS. THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF TH
E COMMANDS AVAILABLE AND INTRUCTIONS ON.
HOW TO USE THEM. NUMBERS CAN BE IN DECIM
AL OR HEX. ALL HEX NUMBERS MUST BE.PRECE
DED WITH A $ (DOLLAR SIGN).. *= ADDRES
S - THIS INDICATES WHERE IN MEMORY THE P
ROGRAM IS TO BEGIN. IT.MUST BE THE FIRST
LINE IN A SOURCE FILE. THERE CANNOT BE
A SPACE BETWEEN THE.* AND THE = SIGNS AN
D THERE MUST BE A SPACE BETWEEN THE = AN
D THE ADDRESS.. .O - THIS TELLS THE ML
ASS THAT THE OBJECT CODE IS TO BE POKED
INTO.MEMORY DURING ASSEMBLY.. .NO - TU
RNS OFF POKES TO MEMORY. POKES MAY BE TU
RNED ON OR OFF AT ANY.TIME.. .S - THIS
TELLS MLASS TO OUTPUT THE SOURCE CODE T
O THE SCREEN DURING.ASSEMBLY.. .NS - T
URNS OFF SCREEN OUTPUT. SCREEN OUTPUT MA
Y BE TURNED ON OR OFF AT.ANY TIME.. .P
- THIS TELLS MLASS TO OUTPUT THE SOURCE
CODE TO THE PRINTER DURING.ASSEMBLY..
.NP - TURNS OFF OUTPUT TO THE PRINTER.
PRINTER OUTPUT MAY BE TURNED ON OR.OFF A
T ANY TIME.. *NOTE* MLASS IS A TWO PAS
S ASSEMBLER. OUTPUT TO ALL DEVICES, INCL
UDING.THE SCREEN, WILL OCCUR ON THE SECO
ND PASS.. .BYTE - THIS ALLOWS YOU TO A
DD TABLES OF NUMBERS AND STRINGS TO YOUR
.PROGRAM. WHEN USING NUMBERS LIKE, .BYTE
1 23 187, THERE MUST BE A SPACE.BETWEEN
EACH OF THE NUMBERS AND THE VALUES MUST
BE IN THE RANGE OF 0-255..NUMBERS MAY B
E DECIMAL OR HEXIDECIMAL (HEX NUMBERS MU
ST BE PRECEDED WITH A. $ SIGN).. WHEN
USING THE .BYTE STATEMENT FOR STRINGS,
AS IN THE SAMPLE PROGRAM,.BE SURE TO ADD
THE CLOSING QUOTATION MARK. IF THE SECO
ND QUOTE MARK IS LEFT.OUT MLASS WILL THI
NK THE ENTIRE LINE IS A STRING, INCLUDIN
G THE SECOND .BYTE.COMMAND.. .D FILENA
ME - THIS TELLS MLASS TO OUTPUT THE OBJE
CT CODE TO A DISK FILE.WITH THE NAME FIL
ENAME. DO NOT USE QUOTATION MARKS AROUND
THE FILE NAME. DISK.OUTPUT CANNOT BE TU
RNED OFF.. .FILE FILENAME - THIS COMMA
ND IS USED TO LINK SOURCE FILES WHEN COM
PILING.FROM DISK. THIS COMMAND MAY NOT B
E USED WHEN USING THE RAM BASED ASSEMBLY
.. .END FILENAME - THIS TELLS MLASS TH
AT THIS IS THE END OF THE SOURCE CODE..W
HEN USING THE RAM BASED ASSEMBLY THE FIL
E NAME IS NOT NEEDED.. TO CHAIN FILES
TOGETHER DURING DISK ASSEMBLY EACH FILE
USES THE .FILE.COMMAND TO LINK THE NEXT
FILE IN THE CHAIN. THE LAST FILE USES T
HE .END.COMMAND AND MUST POINT TO THE FI
RST FILE IN THE CHAIN.. EXAMPLE: YOU
R PROGRAM CONTAINS THREE DIFFERENT SOURC
E FILES AND THEY.ARE CALLED ONE, TWO, AN
D THREE. THE FIRST FILE, ONE, WILL END W
ITH .FILE TWO..FILE TWO WILL END WITH .F
ILE THREE. THE LAST FILE, THREE, WILL EN
D WITH .END.ONE. THIS CREATES A LOOP IN
THE CHAIN.. YOU CANNOT CHAIN FILES WH
EN USING THE RAM BASED ASSEMBLY. THE SOU
RCE CODE.MUST BE ONE FILE AND END WITH T
HE .END COMMAND.. WHEN COMPILING A SI
NGLE FILE ON DISK THE .END COMMAND MUST
HAVE THE.FILES OWN NAME. (I.E. A FILE CA
LLED TEST MUST END WITH .END TEST). T
HERE ARE TWO OTHER COMMANDS USED BY LADS
THAT ARE NOT AVAILABLE WITH.MLASS. THEY
ARE THE .H AND .NH COMMANDS. THEY SWITC
H BETWEEN DECIMAL AND HEX.NUMBERS FOR TH
E SCREEN AND PRINTER OUTPUTS. ALL OUTPUT
WITH MLASS IS IN HEX..THESE COMMANDS AR
E RECOGNIZED BUT NOT IMPLEMENTED BY MLAS
S.. THE LAST TWO COMMANDS WORK WITH A
RGUMENTS. THE FIRST ONE IS THE ADDITION.
COMMAND AND IT WORKS LIKE THIS, LDA LABL
E+1. THIS ADDS 1 TO THE VALUE OF THE.LAB
LE. EXAMPLE,. 200 LABLE .BYTE 0 10 2
80 19. IF YOU LDA LABLE YOU GET THE F
IRST NUMBER, 0. TO GET THE THIRD NUMBER,
.280, YOU WOULD LDA LABEL+2. DO NOT USE
ANY SPACES BEFORE OF AFTER THE + SIGN..
YOU CAN ALSO GET THE LSB AND MSB OF A
LABLE WITH THE #< AND #> COMMANDS..IF Y
OU WANTED TO PUT THE ADDRESS OF THE ABOV
E LABEL INTO A VECTOR YOU WOULD.DO IT LI
KE THIS,. 100 VECTOR = 251. 110
LDA #<LABLE ; GET THE LEAST SIGNIFICAN
T BYTE OF THE LABLE. 120 STA VECTOR
; STORE THE NUMBER AT 251. 130 LD
A #>LABLE ; GET THE MOST SIGNIFICANT B
YTE OF THE LABLE. 140 STA VECTOR+1
; STORE THE NUMBER AT 252. AGAIN, DO
NOT USE ANY SPACES BETWEEN THE SYMBOLS A
ND THE ARGUMENT. IN.FACT NEVER USE ANY S
PACES IN AN ARGUMENT OF ANY KIND. IF YOU
TYPE LDA 251 ,Y.THE SPACE BETWEEN THE N
UMBER AND THE COMMA WILL RESULT IN A SYN
TAX ERROR..
USING MLASS. MLASS IS A PURE MACHIN
E LANGUAGE PROGRAM WITH A BASIC LINK. IF
YOU ARE.NOT FAMILIAR WITH BASIC LINKS T
HEY ARE ML PROGRAMS THAT START WITH A SI
NGLE.LINE OF BASIC CODE. THE BASIC LINE
CONTAINS AN SYS COMMAND THAT STARTS THE.
PROGRAM. THIS ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR A
BOOT PROGRAM OR TO REMEMBER THE START.AD
DRESS. THE ONLY DRAWBACK IS THAT THE PRO
GRAM MUST RESIDE IN THE BASIC TEXT.AREA
STARTING AT 2048.. TO RUN MLASS RESET
THE COMPUTER BY TURNING IT OFF THEN ON
AGAIN. THIS IS.TO MAKE SURE THAT THE BEG
INNING OF BASIC TEXT POINTER IS SET TO 2
048.. ENTER, LOAD "MLASS V1.0",8 AND
RETURN. WHEN THE PROGRAM IS LOADED,.
ENTER, RUN AND RETURN. THERE ARE FO
UR OPTIONS AT THE MENU. THE FIRST ONE IS
DISK ASSEMBLY. TO.COMPILE A PROGRAM ON
DISK PRESS THE F1 KEY. YOU WILL BE ASKED
TO ENTER THE.NAME OF THE SOURCE FILE YO
U WISH TO COMPILE. IF YOU ARE CHAINING F
ILES YOU.MUST ENTER THE FIRST FILE IN TH
E CHAIN. YOU CAN SEE THE DISK DIRECTORY
BY.ENTERING THE $ (DOLLAR SIGN) OR ABO
RT BY PRESSING THE RETURN KEY ALONE AND.
YOU WILL RETURN TO BASIC.. THE SECOND
OPTION IS RAM ASSEMBLY. TO COMPILE A S
OURCE FILE IN MEMORY.PRESS THE F3 KEY. N
O FILE NAME IS NEEDED TO COMPILE FROM RA
M.. THE THIRD OPTION IS RETURN TO BAS
IC. BY PRESSING F5 YOU WILL RETURN TO.TH
E BASIC EDITOR WHERE YOU CAN LOAD, ENTER
, OR EDIT A SOURCE FILE. YOU CAN.RETURN
TO MLASS AT ANY TIME BY PRESSING THE RUN
/STOP AND RESTORE KEYS. YOU.CAN SWITCH B
ACK AND FORTH BETWEEN MLASS AND BASIC AS
OFTEN AS NEEDED AND THE.FILE IN MEMORY
WILL REMAIN UNAFFECTED.. THE LAST OPT
ION IS RESET COMPUTER. BY PRESSING THE F
7 KEY THE COMPUTER.WILL BE RESET TO THE
POWER ON CONFIGURATION. IF YOU PRESS THI
S KEY BY MISTAKE.YOU CAN RE-ENTER MLASS
WITH SYS 2073. HOWEVER, ANY SOURCE FILE
IN MEMORY WILL.BE LOST.. WHEN YOU CHO
OSE TO COMPILE A PROGRAM, DISK OR RAM, Y
OU WILL BE ASKED IF.WANT TO CREATE A BAS
IC LINK (SEE THE EXPLINATION OF BASIC LI
NKS ABOVE). IF.YOU CHOOSE THIS OPTION TH
ERE ARE A COUPLE OF THINGS TO REMEMBER..
1) THE .O COMMAND IS IGNORED AND THE O
BJECT CODE WILL NOT BE POKED INTO. M
EMORY DURING ASSEMBLY.. 2) THE START AD
DRESS IS AUTOMATICLY SET TO 2073 AND THE
START ADDRESS. SPECIFIED BY THE *=
COMMAND IS IGNORED.. 3) EVEN THOUGH THE
*= COMMAND IS IGNORED IT MUST BE USED..
MLASS WAS DESIGNED TO WORK WITH META
BASIC ACTIVE IN MEMORY. IF YOU ARE.USING
A DIFFERENT EDITOR ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
IT SHOULD NOT CAUSE ANY.CONFLICTS WITH M
LASS BUT I CANNNOT MAKE ANY PROMISES SIN
CE I ONLY TESTED IT.WITH METABASIC. WHAT
EVER ENHANCEMENT YOU ARE USING JUST MAKE
SURE IT IS.ACTIVATED BEFORE YOU RUN MLA
SS. MOST EDITOR ENHANCEMENTS CHANGE THE
NMI.VECTOR THAT WOULD PREVENT YOU FROM R
E-ENTERING MLASS WITH THE RUN/STOP-.REST
ORE COMBINATION.. IF YOU ARE USING ME
TABASIC FOLLOW THESE STEPS,. 1) RESET T
HE COMPUTER. 2) LOAD AND ACTIVATE METAB
ASIC. 3) IF YOU WANT TO USE THE DEFAULT
COMMAND YOU MUST USE IT BEFORE YOU.
RUN MLASS.. 4) LOAD AND RUN MLASS.
ONE LAST THING, AT THIS TIME MLASS DOES
NOT SUPPORT TWO DRIVES. ALL WORK.IS DONE
ON DEVICE 8 FOR THE DRIVE AND DEVICE 4
FOR THE PRINTER..
ERROR MESSAGES. MLASS WILL ATTEM
PT TO CATCH AS MANY ERRORS AS POSSIBLE D
URING ASSEMBLY..IF IT FINDS AN ERROR THE
MESSAGE WILL LOOK SOMETHING LIKE THIS,.
SYNTAX ERROR. FILENAME LINE#
STRING. THE FILENAME IS THE SOURCE FI
LE BEING READ WHEN THE ERROR OCCURED. IF
.USING THE RAM BASED ASSEMBLY NO FILENAM
E WILL BE GIVEN.. THE LINE NUMBER IS
THE LINE WHICH CONTAINS THE ERROR AND TH
E STRING IS.THE LABLE, INSTRUCTION, OR A
RGUMENT THAT CAUSED THE ERROR.. IN AD
DITION TO THESE MLASS WILL READ THE DISK
ERROR CHANNEL WHENEVER IT.ACCESSES THE
DEVICE. IF AN ERROR OCCURS THE ERROR WIL
L BE PRINTED TO THE.SCREEN AND THE PROGR
AM WILL STOP.. NO START ADDRESS - THE
FIRST LINE OF A SOURCE FILE (THE FIRST
LINE OF THE.FIRST FILE WHEN CHAINING) MU
ST BE THE *= COMMAND. IF MLASS DOES NOT
FIND THE.COMMAND THIS MESSAGE WILL BE PR
INTED AND THE PROGRAM WILL STOP.. END
OF FILE - EVERY SOURCE FILE MUST END WI
TH A .FILE OR .END COMMAND. IF.THE PROGR
AM REACHES THE END OF A FILE WITHOUT FIN
DING ONE OF THESE COMMANDS.THE PROGRAM W
ILL STOP. *NOTE* WHEN THIS ERROR OCCURS
ONLY THE FILENAME IS.IMPORTANT. THE LINE
NUMBER AND STRING SHOULD BE IGNORED..
OUT OF MEMORY - MLASS PUTS ALL LABLES
IN AN ARRAY THAT BEGINS AT THE TOP.OF BA
SIC STORAGE AND BUILDS DOWN. IF THE ARRA
Y REACHES THE BOTTOM OF BASIC.STORAGE OR
THE END OF A FILE IN MEMORY THIS ERROR
WILL OCCUR. SINCE THERE IS.ABOUT 32K OF
FREE RAM THE ONLY TIME THIS SHOULD OCCUR
IS IF THERE IS A LARGE.PROGRAM IN MEMOR
Y. IF YOU ARE USING THE RAM BASED ASSEMB
LY AND THIS HAPPENS.YOU WILL HAVE TO SAV
E THE FILE TO DISK AND USE THE DISK ASSE
MBLY OPTION.. OVERFLOW - THIS MEANS M
LASS HAS FOUND A NUMBER THAT IS TOO LARG
E. THERE.ARE THREE THINGS THAT WILL CAUS
E THIS ERROR.. 1) A NUMBER LARGER T
HAN 65535.. 2) AN INDIRECT INSTRUCT
ION LIKE LDA (200),Y AND THE VALUE IS.
MORE THAN 255.. 3) IF A .BYT
E STATEMENT CONTAINS A NUMBER LARGER THA
N 255.. BRANCH OUT OF RANGE - THIS WI
LL OCCUR IF A BRANCH INSTRUCTION EXCEEDS
THE.128 BYTES BACKWARD OR 127 BYTES FOR
WARD LIMIT.. NAKED LABEL - LABLES ARE
USED IN ONE OF THREE WAYS. A) AS AN EQU
ATE WHICH.MEANS IT IS FOLLOWED BY AN EQU
AL SIGN AND A VALUE, B) PLACED BEFORE AN
.INSTRUCTION WHICH MEANS IT'S A TARGET,
AND C) IN AN ARGUMENT FOLLOWING AN.INSTR
UCTION. A NAKED LABEL IS ONE THAT IS ON
A LINE BY ITSELF (NOT FOLLOWED.BY AN EQU
AL SIGN OR AN INSTRUCTION).. UNDEFINE
D LABLE - A LABLE USED IN AN ARGUMENT TH
AT WAS NOT DEFINED AS AN.EQUATE OR A TAR
GET (A AND B ABOVE).. DUPLICATE LABLE
- A LABLE THAT WAS DEFINED MORE THAN ON
CE. A LABLE MAY BE.USED AS MANY TIMES AS
NEEDED IN ARGUMENTS BUT CAN ONLY BE DEF
INED AS AN.EQUATE OR TARGET ONCE.. SY
NTAX - ANY STRING OF CHARACTERS THAT MLA
SS CANNOT UNDERSTAND WILL.RESULT IN A SY
NTAX ERROR. CAN ALSO MEAN THAT YOU FORGO
T SOMETHING LIKE A.VALUE AFTER AN EQUATE
, OR AN ARGUMENT AFTER AN INSTRUCTION..
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, COMMENTS,
OR ANY SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE.VERSIONS Y
OU CAN CONTACT ME ON Q-LINK: HANDLE, TBI
RD4 OR YOU CAN WRITE.ME AT.... 11970 G
REVILLEA AVE. APT. N. HAWTHORNE
CALIF. 90250.
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