T.BYTES
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): T.BYTES
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 6.5K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:12:09
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
a75ccf7610c5032d8aaf39e9cc55485e20f16fd46629c0a6ded25781ab004894
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 47 S 1 | T.BYTES | PRG | Sailor, Ganheden | 11 | 3 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 00 80 5E 55 3A 5A 45 52 4F 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 |..^U:ZERO.. | 00000010: 20 20 C2 D9 D4 C5 D3 3A 20 D4 C8 C5 20 C4 C9 D3 | .....: ... ...| 00000020: CB 20 C4 C9 D2 C5 C3 D4 CF D2 D9 0D 0D 20 20 20 |. ........... | 00000030: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 59 20 C6 45 4E 44 45 | BY .ENDE| 00000040: 52 20 D4 55 43 4B 45 52 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C8 41 |R .UCKER.. .A| 00000050: 56 45 20 59 4F 55 20 45 56 45 52 20 48 41 44 20 |VE YOU EVER HAD | 00000060: 41 20 44 49 53 4B 0D 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 |A DISK.DIRECTORY| 00000070: 20 47 4F 20 43 52 41 5A 59 20 4F 4E 20 59 4F 55 | GO CRAZY ON YOU| 00000080: 3F 20 20 C8 41 56 45 20 59 4F 55 0D 53 45 45 4E |? .AVE YOU.SEEN| 00000090: 20 33 35 34 38 32 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 53 20 46 52 | 35482 BLOCKS FR| 000000A0: 45 45 2C 20 4F 52 20 48 41 44 20 41 0D 46 49 4C |EE, OR HAD A.FIL| 000000B0: 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 50 55 4C 4C 53 20 54 48 45 |E THAT PULLS THE| 000000C0: 20 D0 D2 C7 20 4F 52 20 D3 C5 D1 0D 4E 4F 54 41 | ... OR ....NOTA| 000000D0: 54 49 4F 4E 20 4F 55 54 20 4F 46 20 4C 49 4E 45 |TION OUT OF LINE| 000000E0: 3F 20 20 C9 20 53 48 4F 55 4C 44 20 41 53 4B 2C |? . SHOULD ASK,| 000000F0: 0D 22 C4 4F 20 59 4F 55 20 55 53 45 20 41 20 C6 |.".O YOU USE A .| 00000100: 41 53 54 CC 4F 41 44 20 43 41 52 54 52 49 44 47 |AST.OAD CARTRIDG| 00000110: 45 20 4F 52 0D 4D 4F 44 55 4C 45 3F 22 2C 20 42 |E OR.MODULE?", B| 00000120: 45 43 41 55 53 45 20 49 46 20 59 4F 55 20 44 4F |ECAUSE IF YOU DO| 00000130: 2C 20 59 4F 55 27 56 45 0D 55 4E 44 4F 55 42 54 |, YOU'VE.UNDOUBT| 00000140: 45 44 4C 59 20 53 45 45 4E 20 41 20 43 4F 52 52 |EDLY SEEN A CORR| 00000150: 55 50 54 45 44 0D 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 2E |UPTED.DIRECTORY.| 00000160: 20 20 D3 4F 4D 45 54 49 4D 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 | .OMETIMES THE | 00000170: 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 0D 49 53 20 53 4F 20 |DIRECTORY.IS SO | 00000180: 4D 45 53 53 45 44 20 55 50 20 54 48 41 54 20 59 |MESSED UP THAT Y| 00000190: 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 27 54 20 45 56 45 4E 0D 43 4F |OU CAN'T EVEN.CO| 000001A0: 50 59 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 53 20 4F 46 46 |PY THE FILES OFF| 000001B0: 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 4B 20 4F 4E 54 4F 20 41 | THE DISK ONTO A| 000001C0: 0D 47 4F 4F 44 20 44 49 53 4B 2E 0D 0D 0D 20 20 |.GOOD DISK.... | 000001D0: 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 48 4F | .F YOU KNOW HO| 000001E0: 57 20 54 48 45 20 C4 CF D3 20 4B 45 45 50 53 0D |W THE ... KEEPS.| 000001F0: 54 52 41 43 4B 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 |TRACK OF THE DIR| 00000200: 45 43 54 4F 52 59 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 0D |ECTORY, YOU CAN.| 00000210: 52 45 50 41 49 52 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 4F 46 20 54 |REPAIR MOST OF T| 00000220: 48 45 53 45 20 50 52 4F 42 4C 45 4D 53 20 57 49 |HESE PROBLEMS WI| 00000230: 54 48 20 41 0D 44 49 53 4B 20 45 44 49 54 4F 52 |TH A.DISK EDITOR| 00000240: 2E 20 20 D3 C5 C3 D4 CF D2 20 C5 C4 C9 D4 CF D2 |. ...... ......| 00000250: 2C 20 42 59 20 D3 48 41 57 4E 0D CF 52 54 2C 20 |, BY .HAWN..RT, | 00000260: 4F 4E 20 CC CF C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 D2 20 23 34 33 20 |ON ........ #43 | 00000270: 49 53 20 41 20 47 4F 4F 44 20 44 49 53 4B 0D 45 |IS A GOOD DISK.E| 00000280: 44 49 54 4F 52 20 41 4E 44 2C 20 41 4C 4F 4E 47 |DITOR AND, ALONG| 00000290: 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 4C 49 54 54 4C 45 0D 4B | WITH A LITTLE.K| 000002A0: 4E 4F 57 4C 45 44 47 45 2C 20 49 53 20 41 4C 4C |NOWLEDGE, IS ALL| 000002B0: 20 59 4F 55 20 4E 45 45 44 20 54 4F 20 46 49 58 | YOU NEED TO FIX| 000002C0: 20 41 0D 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 20 45 52 52 | A.DIRECTORY ERR| 000002D0: 4F 52 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 46 49 52 |OR... .HE FIR| 000002E0: 53 54 20 54 48 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 44 4F 20 49 |ST THING TO DO I| 000002F0: 53 20 54 4F 0D 46 41 4D 49 4C 49 41 52 49 5A 45 |S TO.FAMILIARIZE| 00000300: 20 59 4F 55 52 53 45 4C 46 20 57 49 54 48 20 54 | YOURSELF WITH T| 00000310: 48 45 20 45 44 49 54 4F 52 2E 0D D0 52 41 43 54 |HE EDITOR...RACT| 00000320: 49 43 45 20 57 49 54 48 20 49 54 20 4F 4E 20 41 |ICE WITH IT ON A| 00000330: 4E 20 55 4E 49 4D 50 4F 52 54 41 4E 54 0D 44 49 |N UNIMPORTANT.DI| 00000340: 53 4B 20 55 4E 54 49 4C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E |SK UNTIL YOU CAN| 00000350: 20 45 41 53 49 4C 59 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 59 20 41 | EASILY MODIFY A| 00000360: 4E 44 0D 57 52 49 54 45 20 44 41 54 41 20 44 49 |ND.WRITE DATA DI| 00000370: 52 45 43 54 4C 59 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 |RECTLY TO THE DI| 00000380: 53 4B 2E 0D CF 4E 43 45 20 59 4F 55 20 48 41 56 |SK...NCE YOU HAV| 00000390: 45 20 49 54 20 44 4F 57 4E 20 50 41 54 2C 20 59 |E IT DOWN PAT, Y| 000003A0: 4F 55 27 52 45 0D 52 45 41 44 59 20 54 4F 20 57 |OU'RE.READY TO W| 000003B0: 4F 52 4B 20 57 49 54 48 20 D4 52 41 43 4B 20 31 |ORK WITH .RACK 1| 000003C0: 38 2C 20 54 48 45 0D 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 |8, THE.DIRECTORY| 000003D0: 20 54 52 41 43 4B 2E 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 52 | TRACK.... .R| 000003E0: 41 43 4B 20 31 38 2C 20 D3 45 43 54 4F 52 20 30 |ACK 18, .ECTOR 0| 000003F0: 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 C2 C1 CD 20 2D 0D 54 48 | IS THE ... -.TH| 00000400: 45 20 C2 4C 4F 43 4B 20 C1 56 41 49 4C 41 42 49 |E .LOCK .VAILABI| 00000410: 4C 49 54 59 20 CD 41 50 2E 20 20 C9 20 57 49 4C |LITY .AP. . WIL| 00000420: 4C 0D 53 41 56 45 20 54 48 49 53 20 49 4E 54 45 |L.SAVE THIS INTE| 00000430: 52 45 53 54 49 4E 47 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 46 |RESTING SECTOR F| 00000440: 4F 52 20 41 0D 4C 41 54 45 52 20 C2 D9 D4 C5 D3 |OR A.LATER .....| 00000450: 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4F 4E | COLUMN. .HE ON| 00000460: 4C 59 20 54 48 49 4E 47 0D 59 4F 55 20 4E 45 45 |LY THING.YOU NEE| 00000470: 44 20 54 4F 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 41 42 4F 55 54 20 |D TO KNOW ABOUT | 00000480: 49 54 20 52 49 47 48 54 20 4E 4F 57 0D 49 53 20 |IT RIGHT NOW.IS | 00000490: 54 48 41 54 20 49 54 20 4D 55 53 54 20 42 45 20 |THAT IT MUST BE | 000004A0: 55 50 44 41 54 45 44 0D 49 4D 4D 45 44 49 41 54 |UPDATED.IMMEDIAT| 000004B0: 45 4C 59 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 59 |ELY AFTER MODIFY| 000004C0: 49 4E 47 20 43 45 52 54 41 49 4E 0D 42 59 54 45 |ING CERTAIN.BYTE| 000004D0: 53 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 52 45 53 54 20 4F 46 |S IN THE REST OF| 000004E0: 20 D4 52 41 43 4B 20 31 38 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 0D | .RACK 18. .OU.| 000004F0: 44 4F 20 54 48 49 53 20 42 59 20 56 41 4C 49 44 |DO THIS BY VALID| 00000500: 41 54 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 4B 2E 20 |ATING THE DISK. | 00000510: 20 D4 48 45 0D 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 46 4F 52 | .HE.COMMAND FOR| 00000520: 20 54 48 49 53 20 49 53 3A 0D 0D 20 20 20 CF D0 | THIS IS:.. ..| 00000530: C5 CE 31 35 2C 38 2C 31 35 2C 22 D6 30 22 3A C3 |..15,8,15,".0":.| 00000540: CC CF D3 C5 31 35 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D2 45 4D 45 |....15.. .EME| 00000550: 4D 42 45 52 2C 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 46 49 58 49 |MBER, AFTER FIXI| 00000560: 4E 47 20 41 0D 43 4F 52 52 55 50 54 45 44 20 44 |NG A.CORRUPTED D| 00000570: 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 20 59 4F 55 20 4D 55 53 |IRECTORY YOU MUS| 00000580: 54 20 56 41 4C 49 44 41 54 45 0D 54 48 45 20 44 |T VALIDATE.THE D| 00000590: 49 53 4B 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 53 41 56 49 4E |ISK BEFORE SAVIN| 000005A0: 47 20 41 4E 59 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 46 49 4C 45 53 |G ANY MORE FILES| 000005B0: 0D 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 4B 2E 0D 0D 0D |.TO THE DISK....| 000005C0: 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 | .HE DIRECTOR| 000005D0: 59 20 53 54 41 52 54 53 20 57 49 54 48 20 D4 52 |Y STARTS WITH .R| 000005E0: 41 43 4B 0D 31 38 2C 20 D3 45 43 54 4F 52 20 31 |ACK.18, .ECTOR 1| 000005F0: 2E 20 20 C2 45 43 41 55 53 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 |. .ECAUSE OF TH| 00000600: 45 20 53 50 49 4E 0D 53 50 45 45 44 20 4F 46 20 |E SPIN.SPEED OF | 00000610: 54 48 45 20 44 52 49 56 45 2C 20 54 48 45 20 4E |THE DRIVE, THE N| 00000620: 45 58 54 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 53 0D 55 53 45 44 |EXT SECTORS.USED| 00000630: 20 42 59 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 | BY THE DIRECTOR| 00000640: 59 20 41 52 45 20 D3 45 43 54 4F 52 20 34 2C 0D |Y ARE .ECTOR 4,.| 00000650: 54 48 45 4E 20 37 2C 20 54 48 45 4E 20 31 30 2C |THEN 7, THEN 10,| 00000660: 20 45 54 43 2E 20 20 C6 4F 52 20 54 48 49 53 0D | ETC. .OR THIS.| 00000670: 41 52 54 49 43 4C 45 20 C9 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 55 |ARTICLE . WILL U| 00000680: 53 45 20 44 45 43 49 4D 41 4C 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 |SE DECIMAL NUMBE| 00000690: 52 53 0D 57 48 45 4E 20 53 50 45 41 4B 49 4E 47 |RS.WHEN SPEAKING| 000006A0: 20 4F 46 20 54 52 41 43 4B 53 20 41 4E 44 20 53 | OF TRACKS AND S| 000006B0: 45 43 54 4F 52 53 2C 0D 41 4E 44 20 48 45 58 20 |ECTORS,.AND HEX | 000006C0: 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 53 20 57 48 45 4E 20 53 50 45 |NUMBERS WHEN SPE| 000006D0: 41 4B 49 4E 47 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 0D 44 41 54 |AKING OF THE.DAT| 000006E0: 41 20 49 54 53 45 4C 46 2E 20 20 CD 4F 53 54 20 |A ITSELF. .OST | 000006F0: 44 49 53 4B 20 45 44 49 54 4F 52 53 20 53 48 4F |DISK EDITORS SHO| 00000700: 57 0D 54 48 45 20 44 41 54 41 20 49 4E 20 48 45 |W.THE DATA IN HE| 00000710: 58 20 46 4F 52 4D 20 42 45 43 41 55 53 45 20 4F |X FORM BECAUSE O| 00000720: 4E 4C 59 20 54 57 4F 0D 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 |NLY TWO.CHARACTE| 00000730: 52 53 20 41 52 45 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 20 54 4F |RS ARE NEEDED TO| 00000740: 20 49 44 45 4E 54 49 46 59 20 41 4E 59 0D 4E 55 | IDENTIFY ANY.NU| 00000750: 4D 42 45 52 20 55 50 20 54 4F 20 32 35 35 2E 0D |MBER UP TO 255..| 00000760: 0D 20 20 20 20 CC 45 54 27 53 20 4C 4F 4F 4B 20 |. .ET'S LOOK | 00000770: 41 54 20 41 20 54 59 50 49 43 41 4C 0D 44 49 52 |AT A TYPICAL.DIR| 00000780: 45 43 54 4F 52 59 2C 20 D4 52 41 43 4B 20 31 38 |ECTORY, .RACK 18| 00000790: 2C 20 D3 45 43 54 4F 52 20 31 20 4F 46 20 54 48 |, .ECTOR 1 OF TH| 000007A0: 49 53 0D CC CF C1 C4 D3 D4 C1 D2 20 44 49 53 4B |IS......... DISK| 000007B0: 2C 20 D3 49 44 45 20 31 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 53 45 |, .IDE 1. .HESE| 000007C0: 20 41 52 45 20 54 48 45 0D 46 49 52 53 54 20 54 | ARE THE.FIRST T| 000007D0: 57 45 4C 56 45 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 4F 46 20 54 |WELVE BYTES OF T| 000007E0: 48 45 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 41 4E 44 0D 44 45 |HE SECTOR AND.DE| 000007F0: 53 43 52 49 42 45 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 |SCRIBE THE FIRST| 00000800: 20 46 49 4C 45 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 | FILE ON THE DIS| 00000810: 4B 2C 0D 57 48 49 43 48 20 49 53 20 4E 41 4D 45 |K,.WHICH IS NAME| 00000820: 44 20 22 21 22 2E 0D 0D 20 31 32 20 30 34 20 38 |D "!"... 12 04 8| 00000830: 32 20 31 31 20 30 30 20 32 31 20 41 30 20 41 30 |2 11 00 21 A0 A0| 00000840: 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 0D 0D 20 20 | A0 A0 A0 A0.. | 00000850: 20 20 D4 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 54 57 4F 20 | .HE FIRST TWO | 00000860: 42 59 54 45 53 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 54 |BYTES POINT TO T| 00000870: 48 45 0D 54 52 41 43 4B 20 41 4E 44 20 53 45 43 |HE.TRACK AND SEC| 00000880: 54 4F 52 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 4E 45 58 54 20 |TOR OF THE NEXT | 00000890: 53 45 43 54 4F 52 0D 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 |SECTOR.OF THE DI| 000008A0: 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 2E 20 20 31 32 20 41 4E 44 |RECTORY. 12 AND| 000008B0: 20 30 34 20 49 4E 20 48 45 58 0D 41 52 45 20 54 | 04 IN HEX.ARE T| 000008C0: 48 45 20 53 41 4D 45 20 41 53 20 31 38 20 41 4E |HE SAME AS 18 AN| 000008D0: 44 20 34 20 49 4E 20 44 45 43 49 4D 41 4C 2E 0D |D 4 IN DECIMAL..| 000008E0: D7 48 45 4E 20 54 48 49 53 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 |.HEN THIS SECTOR| 000008F0: 20 49 53 20 46 55 4C 4C 2C 20 54 48 45 20 52 45 | IS FULL, THE RE| 00000900: 53 54 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 |ST OF.THE DIRECT| 00000910: 4F 52 59 20 43 4F 4E 54 49 4E 55 45 53 20 57 49 |ORY CONTINUES WI| 00000920: 54 48 20 D4 52 41 43 4B 0D 31 38 2C 20 D3 45 43 |TH .RACK.18, .EC| 00000930: 54 4F 52 20 34 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 |TOR 4... .HE | 00000940: 38 32 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 |82 MEANS THAT TH| 00000950: 45 20 46 49 4C 45 20 49 53 20 41 0D D0 D2 C7 20 |E FILE IS A.... | 00000960: 46 49 4C 45 2E 20 20 C8 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 54 |FILE. .ERE IS T| 00000970: 48 45 20 43 4F 44 49 4E 47 20 53 59 53 54 45 4D |HE CODING SYSTEM| 00000980: 0D 55 53 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 45 20 C4 CF D3 |.USED BY THE ...| 00000990: 2E 0D 0D 20 20 38 30 20 20 2D 20 C4 C5 CC 45 54 |... 80 - ...ET| 000009A0: 45 44 20 20 20 20 20 20 38 33 20 20 2D 20 D5 D3 |ED 83 - ..| 000009B0: 45 D2 0D 20 20 38 31 20 20 2D 20 D3 C5 D1 55 45 |E.. 81 - ...UE| 000009C0: 4E 54 49 41 4C 20 20 20 38 34 20 20 2D 20 D2 C5 |NTIAL 84 - ..| 000009D0: CC 41 54 49 56 45 0D 20 20 38 32 20 20 2D 20 D0 |.ATIVE. 82 - .| 000009E0: D2 4F C7 52 41 4D 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 20 20 |.O.RAM 00 | 000009F0: 2D 20 53 43 52 41 54 43 48 45 44 0D 0D 20 20 20 |- SCRATCHED.. | 00000A00: 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 52 45 50 4C 41 43 45 20 | .F YOU REPLACE | 00000A10: 54 48 45 20 27 38 27 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 4E |THE '8' IN THE.N| 00000A20: 55 4D 42 45 52 53 20 41 42 4F 56 45 20 57 49 54 |UMBERS ABOVE WIT| 00000A30: 48 20 41 20 27 43 27 2C 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C |H A 'C', THE FIL| 00000A40: 45 0D 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 4C 4F 43 4B 45 44 |E.WILL BE LOCKED| 00000A50: 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 43 41 4E 27 54 20 42 45 0D 53 |, AND CAN'T BE.S| 00000A60: 43 52 41 54 43 48 45 44 2E 20 20 D2 45 50 4C 41 |CRATCHED. .EPLA| 00000A70: 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 27 38 27 20 57 49 54 48 20 |CE THE '8' WITH | 00000A80: 41 0D 27 30 27 20 41 4E 44 20 59 4F 55 27 4C 4C |A.'0' AND YOU'LL| 00000A90: 20 53 45 45 20 41 20 53 50 4C 41 54 20 46 49 4C | SEE A SPLAT FIL| 00000AA0: 45 2C 20 41 0D 46 49 4C 45 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 |E, A.FILE WITH A| 00000AB0: 4E 20 41 53 54 45 52 49 53 4B 20 49 4E 20 46 52 |N ASTERISK IN FR| 00000AC0: 4F 4E 54 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 0D 46 49 4C 45 20 |ONT OF THE.FILE | 00000AD0: 54 59 50 45 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 |TYPE ON THE DIRE| 00000AE0: 43 54 4F 52 59 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 |CTORY... .OU | 00000AF0: 50 52 4F 42 41 42 4C 59 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 4E 27 |PROBABLY WOULDN'| 00000B00: 54 20 57 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 0D 4D 41 4B 45 20 41 |T WANT TO.MAKE A| 00000B10: 20 53 50 4C 41 54 20 46 49 4C 45 20 4F 55 54 20 | SPLAT FILE OUT | 00000B20: 4F 46 20 41 20 57 4F 52 4B 49 4E 47 0D 46 49 4C |OF A WORKING.FIL| 00000B30: 45 20 42 55 54 20 59 4F 55 20 4D 49 47 48 54 20 |E BUT YOU MIGHT | 00000B40: 57 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 4D 41 4B 45 20 41 0D 57 |WANT TO MAKE A.W| 00000B50: 4F 52 4B 49 4E 47 20 46 49 4C 45 20 4F 55 54 20 |ORKING FILE OUT | 00000B60: 4F 46 20 41 20 53 50 4C 41 54 20 46 49 4C 45 2E |OF A SPLAT FILE.| 00000B70: 0D CA 55 53 54 20 43 48 41 4E 47 45 20 54 48 45 |..UST CHANGE THE| 00000B80: 20 27 30 32 27 20 54 4F 20 41 4E 20 27 38 32 27 | '02' TO AN '82'| 00000B90: 20 57 49 54 48 0D 59 4F 55 52 20 44 49 53 4B 20 | WITH.YOUR DISK | 00000BA0: 45 44 49 54 4F 52 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 |EDITOR... .F | 00000BB0: 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 41 44 56 45 |YOU ARE THE ADVE| 00000BC0: 4E 54 55 52 4F 55 53 20 54 59 50 45 2C 0D 52 45 |NTUROUS TYPE,.RE| 00000BD0: 50 4C 41 43 45 20 54 48 49 53 20 42 59 54 45 20 |PLACE THIS BYTE | 00000BE0: 57 49 54 48 20 53 4F 4D 45 54 48 49 4E 47 20 45 |WITH SOMETHING E| 00000BF0: 4C 53 45 0D 41 4E 44 20 53 45 45 20 57 48 41 54 |LSE.AND SEE WHAT| 00000C00: 20 53 48 4F 57 53 20 55 50 20 57 48 45 4E 20 59 | SHOWS UP WHEN Y| 00000C10: 4F 55 20 4C 49 53 54 0D 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 |OU LIST.THE DIRE| 00000C20: 43 54 4F 52 59 2E 0D 20 20 20 20 C8 45 52 45 20 |CTORY.. .ERE | 00000C30: 41 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 54 57 |ARE THE FIRST TW| 00000C40: 45 4C 56 45 20 42 59 54 45 53 0D 41 47 41 49 4E |ELVE BYTES.AGAIN| 00000C50: 2E 0D 0D 20 31 32 20 30 34 20 38 32 20 31 31 20 |... 12 04 82 11 | 00000C60: 30 30 20 32 31 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 |00 21 A0 A0 A0 A| 00000C70: 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 |0 A0 A0.. .HE| 00000C80: 20 4E 45 58 54 20 54 57 4F 20 42 59 54 45 53 2C | NEXT TWO BYTES,| 00000C90: 20 31 31 20 41 4E 44 20 30 30 2C 0D 53 48 4F 57 | 11 AND 00,.SHOW| 00000CA0: 20 54 48 45 20 54 52 41 43 4B 20 41 4E 44 20 53 | THE TRACK AND S| 00000CB0: 45 43 54 4F 52 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 |ECTOR ON THE DIS| 00000CC0: 4B 0D 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 |K.WHERE THE FILE| 00000CD0: 20 49 53 20 46 4F 55 4E 44 2E 20 20 D4 52 41 43 | IS FOUND. .RAC| 00000CE0: 4B 20 31 37 2C 0D D3 45 43 54 4F 52 20 30 2E 20 |K 17,..ECTOR 0. | 00000CF0: 20 28 24 31 31 20 3D 20 31 37 29 2E 20 20 D4 48 | ($11 = 17). .H| 00000D00: 45 52 45 20 41 52 45 20 33 35 0D 54 52 41 43 4B |ERE ARE 35.TRACK| 00000D10: 53 20 4F 4E 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 44 49 53 4B 53 2E |S ON MOST DISKS.| 00000D20: 20 20 31 38 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 0D 4D 49 44 44 | 18 IS THE.MIDD| 00000D30: 4C 45 20 54 52 41 43 4B 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4F |LE TRACK. .HE O| 00000D40: 52 44 45 52 20 49 4E 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 54 48 |RDER IN WHICH TH| 00000D50: 45 0D C4 CF D3 20 46 49 4C 4C 53 20 55 50 20 54 |E.... FILLS UP T| 00000D60: 48 45 20 54 52 41 43 4B 53 20 49 53 20 31 37 2C |HE TRACKS IS 17,| 00000D70: 20 31 39 2C 0D 31 36 2C 20 32 30 2C 20 31 35 2C | 19,.16, 20, 15,| 00000D80: 20 32 31 2C 20 31 34 2C 20 32 32 2C 20 45 54 43 | 21, 14, 22, ETC| 00000D90: 2E 20 20 D3 45 45 20 54 48 45 0D 50 41 54 54 45 |. .EE THE.PATTE| 00000DA0: 52 4E 3F 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C5 41 43 48 20 46 49 |RN?.. .ACH FI| 00000DB0: 4C 45 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 4B 20 48 |LE ON THE DISK H| 00000DC0: 41 53 20 33 32 0D 42 59 54 45 53 20 4F 46 20 49 |AS 32.BYTES OF I| 00000DD0: 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 53 54 4F 52 45 |NFORMATION STORE| 00000DE0: 44 20 4F 4E 20 D4 52 41 43 4B 0D 31 38 20 41 42 |D ON .RACK.18 AB| 00000DF0: 4F 55 54 20 49 54 2E 20 20 D7 45 27 56 45 20 44 |OUT IT. .E'VE D| 00000E00: 49 53 43 55 53 53 45 44 20 54 48 45 0D 46 55 4E |ISCUSSED THE.FUN| 00000E10: 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 52 |CTION OF THE FIR| 00000E20: 53 54 20 46 49 56 45 20 42 59 54 45 53 2E 0D 20 |ST FIVE BYTES.. | 00000E30: 20 20 20 CC 45 54 27 53 20 4C 4F 4F 4B 20 41 54 | .ET'S LOOK AT| 00000E40: 20 41 4C 4C 20 33 32 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 4F 46 | ALL 32 BYTES OF| 00000E50: 20 54 48 45 0D 46 49 4C 45 20 22 21 22 2E 0D 0D | THE.FILE "!"...| 00000E60: 20 20 20 20 20 31 32 20 30 34 20 38 32 20 31 31 | 12 04 82 11| 00000E70: 20 30 30 20 32 31 20 41 30 20 41 30 0D 20 20 20 | 00 21 A0 A0. | 00000E80: 20 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 | A0 A0 A0 A0 A0| 00000E90: 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 0D 20 20 20 20 20 41 | A0 A0 A0. A| 00000EA0: 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 41 30 20 30 30 |0 A0 A0 A0 A0 00| 00000EB0: 20 30 30 20 30 30 0D 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 20 30 | 00 00. 00 0| 00000EC0: 30 20 30 30 20 30 30 20 30 30 20 30 30 20 30 32 |0 00 00 00 00 02| 00000ED0: 20 30 30 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 53 49 58 | 00.. .HE SIX| 00000EE0: 54 48 20 42 59 54 45 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 |TH BYTE IS THE S| 00000EF0: 54 41 52 54 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 |TART OF.THE FILE| 00000F00: 4E 41 4D 45 2E 20 20 32 31 20 48 45 58 20 49 53 |NAME. 21 HEX IS| 00000F10: 20 33 33 20 44 45 43 49 4D 41 4C 0D 57 48 49 43 | 33 DECIMAL.WHIC| 00000F20: 48 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 C1 D3 C3 C9 C9 20 43 |H IS THE ..... C| 00000F30: 4F 44 45 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 45 0D 45 58 43 4C |ODE FOR THE.EXCL| 00000F40: 41 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 4D 41 52 4B 20 28 21 29 |AMATION MARK (!)| 00000F50: 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 4D 45 0D |. .HE FILENAME.| 00000F60: 53 54 41 52 54 53 20 57 49 54 48 20 42 59 54 45 |STARTS WITH BYTE| 00000F70: 20 36 20 41 4E 44 20 45 58 54 45 4E 44 53 0D 46 | 6 AND EXTENDS.F| 00000F80: 4F 52 20 53 49 58 54 45 45 4E 20 42 59 54 45 53 |OR SIXTEEN BYTES| 00000F90: 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 54 48 45 20 4E 41 4D 45 20 49 |. .F THE NAME I| 00000FA0: 53 0D 53 48 4F 52 54 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 31 |S.SHORTER THAN 1| 00000FB0: 36 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 54 48 45 |6 CHARACTERS THE| 00000FC0: 20 52 45 53 54 0D 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 41 52 45 | REST.OF THE ARE| 00000FD0: 41 20 49 53 20 50 41 44 44 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 |A IS PADDED WITH| 00000FE0: 20 53 48 49 46 54 45 44 0D 53 50 41 43 45 53 20 | SHIFTED.SPACES | 00000FF0: 28 24 C1 30 29 2E 0D 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 |($.0).... .HE| 00001000: 20 30 30 27 53 20 41 52 45 20 55 53 45 44 20 42 | 00'S ARE USED B| 00001010: 59 20 D2 C5 CC 41 54 49 56 45 0D 46 49 4C 45 53 |Y ...ATIVE.FILES| 00001020: 20 41 4E 44 20 4F 54 48 45 52 20 49 52 52 45 4C | AND OTHER IRREL| 00001030: 45 56 41 4E 54 20 4D 4F 44 45 53 2E 0D D4 48 45 |EVANT MODES...HE| 00001040: 20 4C 41 53 54 20 54 57 4F 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 | LAST TWO BYTES | 00001050: 41 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 4C 45 4E 47 54 48 20 4F |ARE THE LENGTH O| 00001060: 46 0D 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 20 49 4E 20 42 4C |F.THE FILE IN BL| 00001070: 4F 43 4B 53 20 49 4E 20 4C 4F 2D 42 59 54 45 2F |OCKS IN LO-BYTE/| 00001080: 48 49 2D 42 59 54 45 0D 46 4F 52 4D 2E 20 22 21 |HI-BYTE.FORM. "!| 00001090: 22 20 49 53 20 54 57 4F 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 53 20 |" IS TWO BLOCKS | 000010A0: 4C 4F 4E 47 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 52 |LONG... .HE R| 000010B0: 45 53 54 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 4C 45 53 |EST OF THE FILES| 000010C0: 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 4B 0D 48 41 56 | ON THE DISK.HAV| 000010D0: 45 20 53 49 4D 49 4C 41 52 20 44 41 54 41 20 41 |E SIMILAR DATA A| 000010E0: 53 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 46 49 4C 45 |S THE FIRST FILE| 000010F0: 2C 0D 45 58 43 45 50 54 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 |,.EXCEPT THAT TH| 00001100: 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 54 57 4F 20 42 59 54 45 |E FIRST TWO BYTE| 00001110: 53 20 41 52 45 0D 55 4E 55 53 45 44 2E 20 20 D2 |S ARE.UNUSED. .| 00001120: 45 4D 45 4D 42 45 52 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 |EMEMBER THAT THE| 00001130: 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 54 57 4F 0D 42 59 54 45 53 | FIRST TWO.BYTES| 00001140: 20 4F 46 20 45 41 43 48 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 | OF EACH SECTOR | 00001150: 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 0D 54 52 41 |POINT TO THE.TRA| 00001160: 43 4B 20 41 4E 44 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 4F 46 |CK AND SECTOR OF| 00001170: 20 54 48 45 20 4E 45 58 54 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 | THE NEXT SECTOR| 00001180: 0D 55 53 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 |.USED BY THE DIR| 00001190: 45 43 54 4F 52 59 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 CE 4F 57 |ECTORY... .OW| 000011A0: 20 54 48 41 54 20 59 4F 55 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 54 | THAT YOU KNOW T| 000011B0: 48 45 20 47 45 4E 45 52 41 4C 0D 4C 41 59 4F 55 |HE GENERAL.LAYOU| 000011C0: 54 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F |T OF THE DIRECTO| 000011D0: 52 59 20 54 52 41 43 4B 2C 20 49 46 20 59 4F 55 |RY TRACK, IF YOU| 000011E0: 0D 53 45 45 20 41 20 43 4F 52 52 55 50 54 45 44 |.SEE A CORRUPTED| 000011F0: 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 2C 20 59 4F 55 27 | DIRECTORY, YOU'| 00001200: 4C 4C 0D 48 41 56 45 20 41 20 42 45 54 54 45 52 |LL.HAVE A BETTER| 00001210: 20 49 44 45 41 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 4F 20 4C | IDEA WHERE TO L| 00001220: 4F 4F 4B 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 46 20 41 20 44 |OOK... .F A D| 00001230: 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 20 4C 4F 4F 4B 53 20 4C |IRECTORY LOOKS L| 00001240: 49 4B 45 20 54 48 49 53 3A 0D 0D 20 32 33 20 20 |IKE THIS:.. 23 | 00001250: 22 46 49 4C 45 20 4E 4F 2E 20 31 22 20 20 20 20 |"FILE NO. 1" | 00001260: 20 20 D0 D2 C7 0D 20 31 32 20 20 22 46 49 4C 45 | .... 12 "FILE| 00001270: 20 4E 4F 2E 22 20 20 20 20 20 D0 D2 C7 0D 20 33 | NO." .... 3| 00001280: 37 35 31 33 20 22 46 49 4C 45 20 4E 4F 2E 20 33 |7513 "FILE NO. 3| 00001290: 22 20 20 20 20 D0 D2 C7 0D 0D 59 4F 55 20 43 41 |" .....YOU CA| 000012A0: 4E 20 49 4E 46 45 52 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 |N INFER THAT THE| 000012B0: 20 50 52 4F 42 4C 45 4D 20 49 53 0D 57 49 54 48 | PROBLEM IS.WITH| 000012C0: 20 22 46 49 4C 45 20 4E 4F 2E 20 32 22 20 57 48 | "FILE NO. 2" WH| 000012D0: 49 43 48 20 48 41 53 20 41 20 44 45 4C 45 54 45 |ICH HAS A DELETE| 000012E0: 0D 4F 52 20 53 4F 4D 45 54 48 49 4E 47 20 49 4D |.OR SOMETHING IM| 000012F0: 42 45 44 44 45 44 20 49 4E 20 49 54 53 0D 46 49 |BEDDED IN ITS.FI| 00001300: 4C 45 4E 41 4D 45 2E 20 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 59 4F |LENAME. .HEN YO| 00001310: 55 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 59 20 54 48 45 20 53 45 43 |U MODIFY THE SEC| 00001320: 54 4F 52 0D 53 4F 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 |TOR.SO THAT THE | 00001330: 31 36 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 43 4F |16 BYTES THAT CO| 00001340: 4E 54 41 49 4E 0D 22 46 49 4C 45 20 4E 4F 2E 20 |NTAIN."FILE NO. | 00001350: 32 22 27 53 20 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 4D 45 20 41 52 |2"'S FILENAME AR| 00001360: 45 20 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 2C 0D 54 48 45 20 42 |E CORRECT,.THE B| 00001370: 4C 4F 43 4B 20 53 49 5A 45 20 46 4F 52 20 22 46 |LOCK SIZE FOR "F| 00001380: 49 4C 45 20 4E 4F 2E 20 33 22 20 57 49 4C 4C 0D |ILE NO. 3" WILL.| 00001390: 52 45 54 55 52 4E 20 54 4F 20 53 4F 4D 45 54 48 |RETURN TO SOMETH| 000013A0: 49 4E 47 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 52 45 41 53 4F 4E 41 |ING MORE REASONA| 000013B0: 42 4C 45 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C2 59 20 54 48 45 |BLE... .Y THE| 000013C0: 20 57 41 59 2C 20 54 48 49 53 20 54 59 50 45 20 | WAY, THIS TYPE | 000013D0: 4F 46 0D 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 20 43 4F 52 |OF.DIRECTORY COR| 000013E0: 52 55 50 54 49 4F 4E 20 49 53 20 56 45 52 59 20 |RUPTION IS VERY | 000013F0: 54 59 50 49 43 41 4C 2C 0D 45 53 50 45 43 49 41 |TYPICAL,.ESPECIA| 00001400: 4C 4C 59 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 C6 41 53 54 CC |LLY WITH A .AST.| 00001410: 4F 41 44 20 49 4E 53 54 41 4C 4C 45 44 2E 0D 0D |OAD INSTALLED...| 00001420: 20 20 20 20 C1 20 50 52 4F 42 4C 45 4D 20 C9 27 | . PROBLEM .'| 00001430: 56 45 20 45 4E 43 4F 55 4E 54 45 52 45 44 20 49 |VE ENCOUNTERED I| 00001440: 53 20 41 0D 52 4F 4C 4C 49 4E 47 20 44 49 52 45 |S A.ROLLING DIRE| 00001450: 43 54 4F 52 59 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 |CTORY. .HE DIRE| 00001460: 43 54 4F 52 59 0D 4A 55 53 54 20 4B 45 45 50 53 |CTORY.JUST KEEPS| 00001470: 20 4F 4E 20 53 43 52 4F 4C 4C 49 4E 47 20 54 48 | ON SCROLLING TH| 00001480: 45 20 53 41 4D 45 0D 46 49 4C 45 53 20 4F 56 45 |E SAME.FILES OVE| 00001490: 52 20 41 4E 44 20 4F 56 45 52 20 41 47 41 49 4E |R AND OVER AGAIN| 000014A0: 2E 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 42 55 47 0D 43 41 4E 20 |. .HIS BUG.CAN | 000014B0: 42 45 20 46 49 58 45 44 20 42 59 20 4D 41 4B 49 |BE FIXED BY MAKI| 000014C0: 4E 47 20 53 55 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 |NG SURE THE FIRS| 000014D0: 54 0D 54 57 4F 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 4F 46 20 45 |T.TWO BYTES OF E| 000014E0: 41 43 48 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 |ACH SECTOR POINT| 000014F0: 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 0D 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 20 | TO THE.CORRECT | 00001500: 4E 45 58 54 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 2E 20 20 C9 46 |NEXT SECTOR. .F| 00001510: 20 D4 31 38 20 D3 31 0D 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 20 54 | .18 .1.POINTS T| 00001520: 4F 20 D4 31 38 20 D3 34 20 42 55 54 20 D4 31 38 |O .18 .4 BUT .18| 00001530: 20 D3 34 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 0D 42 41 43 4B 20 | .4 POINTS.BACK | 00001540: 54 4F 20 D4 31 38 20 D3 31 2C 20 59 4F 55 27 4C |TO .18 .1, YOU'L| 00001550: 4C 20 47 45 54 20 41 4E 20 45 4E 44 4C 45 53 53 |L GET AN ENDLESS| 00001560: 0D 4C 4F 4F 50 20 57 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 4C |.LOOP WHEN YOU L| 00001570: 49 53 54 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 |IST THE DIRECTOR| 00001580: 59 2E 0D D4 48 45 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 4F 52 |Y...HE SECTOR OR| 00001590: 44 45 52 20 49 53 20 54 48 49 53 20 2D 0D 0D 30 |DER IS THIS -..0| 000015A0: 31 20 20 30 34 20 20 30 37 20 20 30 41 20 20 30 |1 04 07 0A 0| 000015B0: 44 20 20 31 30 20 20 30 32 20 20 30 35 20 20 30 |D 10 02 05 0| 000015C0: 38 0D 30 42 20 20 30 45 20 20 31 31 20 20 30 33 |8.0B 0E 11 03| 000015D0: 20 20 30 36 20 20 30 39 20 20 30 43 20 20 30 46 | 06 09 0C 0F| 000015E0: 0D 0D C9 46 20 41 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 50 4F |...F A SECTOR PO| 000015F0: 49 4E 54 53 20 42 41 43 4B 20 54 4F 20 41 20 50 |INTS BACK TO A P| 00001600: 52 45 56 49 4F 55 53 0D 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 4F |REVIOUS.NUMBER O| 00001610: 4E 20 54 48 49 53 20 4C 49 53 54 2C 20 54 48 41 |N THIS LIST, THA| 00001620: 54 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 48 41 53 0D 54 48 45 |T SECTOR HAS.THE| 00001630: 20 57 52 4F 4E 47 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 54 57 4F | WRONG FIRST TWO| 00001640: 20 42 59 54 45 53 2E 0D 0D D4 48 45 20 4C 41 53 | BYTES....HE LAS| 00001650: 54 20 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 55 53 45 44 20 42 59 |T SECTOR USED BY| 00001660: 20 54 48 45 0D 44 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 20 57 | THE.DIRECTORY W| 00001670: 49 4C 4C 20 48 41 56 45 20 27 30 30 20 46 46 27 |ILL HAVE '00 FF'| 00001680: 20 41 53 20 54 48 45 0D 46 49 52 53 54 20 54 57 | AS THE.FIRST TW| 00001690: 4F 20 42 59 54 45 53 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 |O BYTES. .F YOU| 000016A0: 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 0D 48 4F 52 52 49 42 4C 59 | HAVE A.HORRIBLY| 000016B0: 20 43 4F 52 52 55 50 54 45 44 20 44 49 52 45 43 | CORRUPTED DIREC| 000016C0: 54 4F 52 59 20 41 4E 44 20 4A 55 53 54 0D 57 41 |TORY AND JUST.WA| 000016D0: 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 52 45 53 43 55 45 20 41 20 46 |NT TO RESCUE A F| 000016E0: 49 4C 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 4F 43 43 55 52 53 0D |ILE THAT OCCURS.| 000016F0: 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 52 52 55 |BEFORE THE CORRU| 00001700: 50 54 49 4F 4E 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 4A |PTION, YOU CAN J| 00001710: 55 53 54 0D 43 48 41 4E 47 45 20 54 48 45 20 46 |UST.CHANGE THE F| 00001720: 49 52 53 54 20 54 57 4F 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 4F |IRST TWO BYTES O| 00001730: 46 20 41 0D 53 45 43 54 4F 52 20 52 49 47 48 54 |F A.SECTOR RIGHT| 00001740: 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 52 52 | BEFORE THE CORR| 00001750: 55 50 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 4F 0D 27 30 30 20 46 46 |UPTION TO.'00 FF| 00001760: 27 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 |' AND THE DIRECT| 00001770: 4F 52 59 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 0D 53 48 4F 52 |ORY WILL BE.SHOR| 00001780: 54 45 52 2C 20 42 55 54 20 49 54 20 57 49 4C 4C |TER, BUT IT WILL| 00001790: 20 57 4F 52 4B 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C1 53 20 59 | WORK... .S Y| 000017A0: 4F 55 20 53 45 45 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 |OU SEE, YOU CAN | 000017B0: 43 48 41 4E 47 45 20 54 48 45 0D 46 49 4C 45 20 |CHANGE THE.FILE | 000017C0: 54 59 50 45 2C 20 42 4C 4F 43 4B 20 53 49 5A 45 |TYPE, BLOCK SIZE| 000017D0: 2C 20 46 49 4C 45 4E 41 4D 45 20 41 4E 44 0D 44 |, FILENAME AND.D| 000017E0: 49 52 45 43 54 4F 52 59 20 4F 52 44 45 52 20 42 |IRECTORY ORDER B| 000017F0: 59 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 59 49 4E 47 20 D4 52 41 43 |Y MODIFYING .RAC| 00001800: 4B 0D 31 38 2E 20 20 D2 45 4D 45 4D 42 45 52 20 |K.18. .EMEMBER | 00001810: 54 4F 20 56 41 4C 49 44 41 54 45 20 54 48 45 20 |TO VALIDATE THE | 00001820: 44 49 53 4B 0D 41 46 54 45 52 20 59 4F 55 20 4D |DISK.AFTER YOU M| 00001830: 41 4B 45 20 41 4E 59 20 43 48 41 4E 47 45 53 20 |AKE ANY CHANGES | 00001840: 54 4F 20 54 48 49 53 0D 54 52 41 43 4B 21 20 20 |TO THIS.TRACK! | 00001850: C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 44 4F 4E 27 54 2C 20 54 48 |.F YOU DON'T, TH| 00001860: 45 20 4E 45 58 54 20 54 49 4D 45 0D 59 4F 55 20 |E NEXT TIME.YOU | 00001870: 57 52 49 54 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 |WRITE TO THE DIS| 00001880: 4B 2C 20 59 4F 55 27 4C 4C 20 48 41 56 45 0D 46 |K, YOU'LL HAVE.F| 00001890: 49 4C 45 53 20 57 52 49 54 49 4E 47 20 4F 56 45 |ILES WRITING OVE| 000018A0: 52 20 45 41 43 48 20 4F 54 48 45 52 2E 0D 0D 20 |R EACH OTHER... | 000018B0: 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 41 4C 4C 20 50 | .HIS IS ALL P| 000018C0: 52 45 54 54 59 20 54 45 43 48 4E 49 43 41 4C 0D |RETTY TECHNICAL.| 000018D0: 53 54 55 46 46 20 41 4E 44 20 4D 41 59 20 4E 45 |STUFF AND MAY NE| 000018E0: 45 44 20 54 4F 20 42 45 20 52 45 41 44 0D 53 45 |ED TO BE READ.SE| 000018F0: 56 45 52 41 4C 20 54 49 4D 45 53 2E 20 20 C6 4F |VERAL TIMES. .O| 00001900: 52 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 |R MORE INFORMATI| 00001910: 4F 4E 2C 0D 53 45 45 20 C9 CE D3 C9 C4 C5 20 C3 |ON,.SEE ...... .| 00001920: CF CD CD CF C4 CF D2 C5 20 C4 CF D3 2C 20 42 59 |........ ..., BY| 00001930: 20 D2 49 43 48 41 52 44 0D C9 4D 4D 45 52 53 20 | .ICHARD..MMERS | 00001940: 41 4E 44 20 C7 45 52 41 4C 44 20 C7 2E 20 CE 45 |AND .ERALD .. .E| 00001950: 55 46 45 4C 44 2C 0D C4 C1 D4 C1 CD CF D3 D4 20 |UFELD,......... | 00001960: C2 4F 4F 4B 53 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 48 |.OOKS. .F YOU H| 00001970: 41 56 45 20 53 4F 4D 45 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 |AVE SOME OF.THE | 00001980: 56 45 52 59 20 45 41 52 4C 59 20 CC CF C1 C4 D3 |VERY EARLY .....| 00001990: D4 C1 D2 20 44 49 53 4B 53 2C 20 54 48 45 52 45 |... DISKS, THERE| 000019A0: 0D 57 45 52 45 20 54 55 54 4F 52 49 41 4C 53 20 |.WERE TUTORIALS | 000019B0: 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 C4 CF D3 20 42 59 20 CA 49 |ON THE ... BY .I| 000019C0: 4D 0D D7 45 49 4C 45 52 20 41 4E 44 20 CA 4F 45 |M..EILER AND .OE| 000019D0: 4C 20 D2 45 41 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |L .EA... | 000019E0: 2A 2A 2A 2A 20 C5 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 D4 45 58 54 |**** .ND OF .EXT| 000019F0: 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 0D | ****. |
..^U:ZERO.. BYTES: THE DISK DIRECT
ORY.. BY FENDER TUCKER.. HA
VE YOU EVER HAD A DISK.DIRECTORY GO CRAZ
Y ON YOU? HAVE YOU.SEEN 35482 BLOCKS FR
EE, OR HAD A.FILE THAT PULLS THE PRG OR
SEQ.NOTATION OUT OF LINE? I SHOULD ASK,
."DO YOU USE A FASTLOAD CARTRIDGE OR.MOD
ULE?", BECAUSE IF YOU DO, YOU'VE.UNDOUBT
EDLY SEEN A CORRUPTED.DIRECTORY. SOMETI
MES THE DIRECTORY.IS SO MESSED UP THAT Y
OU CAN'T EVEN.COPY THE FILES OFF THE DIS
K ONTO A.GOOD DISK.... IF YOU KNOW HO
W THE DOS KEEPS.TRACK OF THE DIRECTORY,
YOU CAN.REPAIR MOST OF THESE PROBLEMS WI
TH A.DISK EDITOR. SECTOR EDITOR, BY SHA
WN.ORT, ON LOADSTAR #43 IS A GOOD DISK.E
DITOR AND, ALONG WITH A LITTLE.KNOWLEDGE
, IS ALL YOU NEED TO FIX A.DIRECTORY ERR
OR... THE FIRST THING TO DO IS TO.FAM
ILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE EDITOR..PRACT
ICE WITH IT ON AN UNIMPORTANT.DISK UNTIL
YOU CAN EASILY MODIFY AND.WRITE DATA DI
RECTLY TO THE DISK..ONCE YOU HAVE IT DOW
N PAT, YOU'RE.READY TO WORK WITH TRACK 1
8, THE.DIRECTORY TRACK.... TRACK 18,
SECTOR 0 IS THE BAM -.THE BLOCK AVAILABI
LITY MAP. I WILL.SAVE THIS INTERESTING
SECTOR FOR A.LATER BYTES COLUMN. THE ON
LY THING.YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT RIGHT
NOW.IS THAT IT MUST BE UPDATED.IMMEDIAT
ELY AFTER MODIFYING CERTAIN.BYTES IN THE
REST OF TRACK 18. YOU.DO THIS BY VALID
ATING THE DISK. THE.COMMAND FOR THIS IS
:.. OPEN15,8,15,"V0":CLOSE15.. REME
MBER, AFTER FIXING A.CORRUPTED DIRECTORY
YOU MUST VALIDATE.THE DISK BEFORE SAVIN
G ANY MORE FILES.TO THE DISK.... THE
DIRECTORY STARTS WITH TRACK.18, SECTOR 1
. BECAUSE OF THE SPIN.SPEED OF THE DRIV
E, THE NEXT SECTORS.USED BY THE DIRECTOR
Y ARE SECTOR 4,.THEN 7, THEN 10, ETC. F
OR THIS.ARTICLE I WILL USE DECIMAL NUMBE
RS.WHEN SPEAKING OF TRACKS AND SECTORS,.
AND HEX NUMBERS WHEN SPEAKING OF THE.DAT
A ITSELF. MOST DISK EDITORS SHOW.THE DA
TA IN HEX FORM BECAUSE ONLY TWO.CHARACTE
RS ARE NEEDED TO IDENTIFY ANY.NUMBER UP
TO 255... LET'S LOOK AT A TYPICAL.DIR
ECTORY, TRACK 18, SECTOR 1 OF THIS.LOADS
TAR DISK, SIDE 1. THESE ARE THE.FIRST T
WELVE BYTES OF THE SECTOR AND.DESCRIBE T
HE FIRST FILE ON THE DISK,.WHICH IS NAME
D "!"... 12 04 82 11 00 21 A0 A0 A0 A0 A
0 A0.. THE FIRST TWO BYTES POINT TO T
HE.TRACK AND SECTOR OF THE NEXT SECTOR.O
F THE DIRECTORY. 12 AND 04 IN HEX.ARE T
HE SAME AS 18 AND 4 IN DECIMAL..WHEN THI
S SECTOR IS FULL, THE REST OF.THE DIRECT
ORY CONTINUES WITH TRACK.18, SECTOR 4...
THE 82 MEANS THAT THE FILE IS A.PRG
FILE. HERE IS THE CODING SYSTEM.USED BY
THE DOS... 80 - DELETED 83 - US
ER. 81 - SEQUENTIAL 84 - RELATIVE.
82 - PROGRAM 00 - SCRATCHED..
IF YOU REPLACE THE '8' IN THE.NUMBERS A
BOVE WITH A 'C', THE FILE.WILL BE LOCKED
, AND CAN'T BE.SCRATCHED. REPLACE THE '
8' WITH A.'0' AND YOU'LL SEE A SPLAT FIL
E, A.FILE WITH AN ASTERISK IN FRONT OF T
HE.FILE TYPE ON THE DIRECTORY... YOU
PROBABLY WOULDN'T WANT TO.MAKE A SPLAT F
ILE OUT OF A WORKING.FILE BUT YOU MIGHT
WANT TO MAKE A.WORKING FILE OUT OF A SPL
AT FILE..JUST CHANGE THE '02' TO AN '82'
WITH.YOUR DISK EDITOR... IF YOU ARE
THE ADVENTUROUS TYPE,.REPLACE THIS BYTE
WITH SOMETHING ELSE.AND SEE WHAT SHOWS U
P WHEN YOU LIST.THE DIRECTORY.. HERE
ARE THE FIRST TWELVE BYTES.AGAIN... 12 0
4 82 11 00 21 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0.. THE
NEXT TWO BYTES, 11 AND 00,.SHOW THE TRA
CK AND SECTOR ON THE DISK.WHERE THE FILE
IS FOUND. TRACK 17,.SECTOR 0. ($11 =
17). THERE ARE 35.TRACKS ON MOST DISKS.
18 IS THE.MIDDLE TRACK. THE ORDER IN
WHICH THE.DOS FILLS UP THE TRACKS IS 17,
19,.16, 20, 15, 21, 14, 22, ETC. SEE T
HE.PATTERN?.. EACH FILE ON THE DISK H
AS 32.BYTES OF INFORMATION STORED ON TRA
CK.18 ABOUT IT. WE'VE DISCUSSED THE.FUN
CTION OF THE FIRST FIVE BYTES.. LET'S
LOOK AT ALL 32 BYTES OF THE.FILE "!"...
12 04 82 11 00 21 A0 A0. A0 A0
A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0. A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 00
00 00. 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00..
THE SIXTH BYTE IS THE START OF.THE FILE
NAME. 21 HEX IS 33 DECIMAL.WHICH IS THE
ASCII CODE FOR THE.EXCLAMATION MARK (!)
. THE FILENAME.STARTS WITH BYTE 6 AND E
XTENDS.FOR SIXTEEN BYTES. IF THE NAME I
S.SHORTER THAN 16 CHARACTERS THE REST.OF
THE AREA IS PADDED WITH SHIFTED.SPACES
($A0).... THE 00'S ARE USED BY RELATI
VE.FILES AND OTHER IRRELEVANT MODES..THE
LAST TWO BYTES ARE THE LENGTH OF.THE FI
LE IN BLOCKS IN LO-BYTE/HI-BYTE.FORM. "!
" IS TWO BLOCKS LONG... THE REST OF T
HE FILES ON THE DISK.HAVE SIMILAR DATA A
S THE FIRST FILE,.EXCEPT THAT THE FIRST
TWO BYTES ARE.UNUSED. REMEMBER THAT THE
FIRST TWO.BYTES OF EACH SECTOR POINT TO
THE.TRACK AND SECTOR OF THE NEXT SECTOR
.USED BY THE DIRECTORY... NOW THAT YO
U KNOW THE GENERAL.LAYOUT OF THE DIRECTO
RY TRACK, IF YOU.SEE A CORRUPTED DIRECTO
RY, YOU'LL.HAVE A BETTER IDEA WHERE TO L
OOK... IF A DIRECTORY LOOKS LIKE THIS
:.. 23 "FILE NO. 1" PRG. 12 "FILE
NO." PRG. 37513 "FILE NO. 3" PRG
..YOU CAN INFER THAT THE PROBLEM IS.WITH
"FILE NO. 2" WHICH HAS A DELETE.OR SOME
THING IMBEDDED IN ITS.FILENAME. WHEN YO
U MODIFY THE SECTOR.SO THAT THE 16 BYTES
THAT CONTAIN."FILE NO. 2"'S FILENAME AR
E CORRECT,.THE BLOCK SIZE FOR "FILE NO.
3" WILL.RETURN TO SOMETHING MORE REASONA
BLE... BY THE WAY, THIS TYPE OF.DIREC
TORY CORRUPTION IS VERY TYPICAL,.ESPECIA
LLY WITH A FASTLOAD INSTALLED... A PR
OBLEM I'VE ENCOUNTERED IS A.ROLLING DIRE
CTORY. THE DIRECTORY.JUST KEEPS ON SCRO
LLING THE SAME.FILES OVER AND OVER AGAIN
. THIS BUG.CAN BE FIXED BY MAKING SURE
THE FIRST.TWO BYTES OF EACH SECTOR POINT
TO THE.CORRECT NEXT SECTOR. IF T18 S1.
POINTS TO T18 S4 BUT T18 S4 POINTS.BACK
TO T18 S1, YOU'LL GET AN ENDLESS.LOOP WH
EN YOU LIST THE DIRECTORY..THE SECTOR OR
DER IS THIS -..01 04 07 0A 0D 10 0
2 05 08.0B 0E 11 03 06 09 0C 0F
..IF A SECTOR POINTS BACK TO A PREVIOUS.
NUMBER ON THIS LIST, THAT SECTOR HAS.THE
WRONG FIRST TWO BYTES...THE LAST SECTOR
USED BY THE.DIRECTORY WILL HAVE '00 FF'
AS THE.FIRST TWO BYTES. IF YOU HAVE A.
HORRIBLY CORRUPTED DIRECTORY AND JUST.WA
NT TO RESCUE A FILE THAT OCCURS.BEFORE T
HE CORRUPTION, YOU CAN JUST.CHANGE THE F
IRST TWO BYTES OF A.SECTOR RIGHT BEFORE
THE CORRUPTION TO.'00 FF' AND THE DIRECT
ORY WILL BE.SHORTER, BUT IT WILL WORK...
AS YOU SEE, YOU CAN CHANGE THE.FILE
TYPE, BLOCK SIZE, FILENAME AND.DIRECTORY
ORDER BY MODIFYING TRACK.18. REMEMBER
TO VALIDATE THE DISK.AFTER YOU MAKE ANY
CHANGES TO THIS.TRACK! IF YOU DON'T, TH
E NEXT TIME.YOU WRITE TO THE DISK, YOU'L
L HAVE.FILES WRITING OVER EACH OTHER...
THIS IS ALL PRETTY TECHNICAL.STUFF AN
D MAY NEED TO BE READ.SEVERAL TIMES. FO
R MORE INFORMATION,.SEE INSIDE COMMODORE
DOS, BY RICHARD.IMMERS AND GERALD G. NE
UFELD,.DATAMOST BOOKS. IF YOU HAVE SOME
OF.THE VERY EARLY LOADSTAR DISKS, THERE
.WERE TUTORIALS ON THE DOS BY JIM.WEILER
AND JOEL REA... **** END OF TEXT
****.
> CLICK IMAGE PREVIEW FOR FULL MODAL