POKE BASIC/NOTES
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): POKE BASIC/NOTES
FILE TYPE(S): SEQ
FILE SIZE: 8.3K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:12:25
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
bdf9bc98d02678cb9f7ced69dced0c24fd5ca50c18139638dc42b92568e07e4e
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DATARICH | POKE BASIC/NOTES | SEQ | Sailor, Ganheden | 29 | 4 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
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LO ! HI | 00000410: 21 20 4C 4F 20 21 20 48 49 20 21 20 20 20 20 20 |! LO ! 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THE N| 00000510: 45 58 54 20 4C 49 4E 45 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 |EXT LINE, AND TH| 00000520: 45 20 C2 41 53 49 43 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 4E 55 4D |E .ASIC LINE NUM| 00000530: 42 45 52 20 53 54 4F 52 45 44 20 41 53 20 41 20 |BER STORED AS A | 00000540: 54 57 4F 2D 42 59 54 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 |TWO-BYTE." | 00000550: 20 20 20 42 49 4E 41 52 59 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 | BINARY NUMBER| 00000560: 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 4C 49 4E 4B 20 41 4E 44 20 4C |. .HE LINK AND L| 00000570: 49 4E 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 41 52 45 20 20 |INE NUMBER ARE | 00000580: 42 4F 54 48 20 20 53 54 4F 52 45 44 20 20 49 4E |BOTH STORED IN| 00000590: 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 54 41 4E 44 |." STAND| 000005A0: 41 52 44 20 36 35 30 32 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 |ARD 6502 ADDRESS| 000005B0: 20 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 2E 20 D4 48 49 53 20 4D 45 | FORMAT. .HIS ME| 000005C0: 41 4E 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 20 46 49 52 |ANS THAT THE FIR| 000005D0: 53 54 20 20 42 59 54 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ST BYTE." | 000005E0: 20 20 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 4C 4F 57 20 4F 52 | IS THE LOW OR| 000005F0: 44 45 52 20 45 49 47 48 54 20 42 49 54 53 20 4F |DER EIGHT BITS O| 00000600: 46 20 54 48 45 20 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 20 |F THE ADDRESS | 00000610: 41 4E 44 20 20 54 48 45 20 20 53 45 43 4F 4E 44 |AND THE SECOND| 00000620: 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 59 54 45 20 |." BYTE | 00000630: 43 4F 4E 54 41 49 4E 53 20 54 48 45 20 48 49 47 |CONTAINS THE HIG| 00000640: 48 20 4F 52 44 45 52 20 45 49 47 48 54 20 42 49 |H ORDER EIGHT BI| 00000650: 54 53 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 20 54 4F 54 41 4C |TS OF THE TOTAL| 00000660: 20 20 31 36 2D 42 49 54 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 16-BIT." | 00000670: 20 20 20 42 49 4E 41 52 59 20 56 41 4C 55 45 2E | BINARY VALUE.| 00000680: 20 D4 48 45 20 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 | .HE END OF THE | 00000690: C2 41 53 49 43 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 49 53 |.ASIC PROGRAM IS| 000006A0: 20 49 4E 44 49 43 41 54 45 44 20 42 59 20 20 41 | INDICATED BY A| 000006B0: 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 49 4E 4B 20 |." LINK | 000006C0: 57 49 54 48 20 42 4F 54 48 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 |WITH BOTH BYTES | 000006D0: 45 51 55 41 4C 20 54 4F 20 5A 45 52 4F 2E 20 D4 |EQUAL TO ZERO. .| 000006E0: 48 45 20 41 43 54 55 41 4C 20 C2 41 53 49 43 20 |HE ACTUAL .ASIC | 000006F0: 54 45 58 54 20 20 49 53 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 |TEXT IS." | 00000700: 20 20 20 43 4F 4D 50 52 45 53 53 45 44 2C 20 57 | COMPRESSED, W| 00000710: 49 54 48 20 41 4C 4C 20 C2 41 53 49 43 20 53 54 |ITH ALL .ASIC ST| 00000720: 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 41 4E 44 20 43 4F 4D |ATEMENTS AND COM| 00000730: 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 53 54 4F 52 45 44 20 20 41 53 |MANDS STORED AS| 00000740: 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 49 4E 47 4C |." SINGL| 00000750: 45 20 42 59 54 45 20 27 54 4F 4B 45 4E 53 27 20 |E BYTE 'TOKENS' | 00000760: 54 4F 20 43 4F 4E 53 45 52 56 45 20 4D 45 4D 4F |TO CONSERVE MEMO| 00000770: 52 59 20 53 50 41 43 45 2E 0D 22 0D 22 20 20 20 |RY SPACE.."." | 00000780: 20 20 20 20 20 20 D7 49 54 48 20 54 48 49 53 20 | .ITH THIS | 00000790: 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 49 4E 20 48 |INFORMATION IN H| 000007A0: 41 4E 44 2C 20 20 C9 20 20 45 58 50 45 52 49 4D |AND, . EXPERIM| 000007B0: 45 4E 54 45 44 20 20 54 4F 20 20 53 45 45 20 20 |ENTED TO SEE | 000007C0: 48 4F 57 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C3 4F |HOW." .O| 000007D0: 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 C2 41 53 49 43 20 55 53 |MMODORE .ASIC US| 000007E0: 45 44 20 54 48 45 53 45 20 46 49 56 45 20 4F 56 |ED THESE FIVE OV| 000007F0: 45 52 48 45 41 44 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 46 4F 52 |ERHEAD BYTES FOR| 00000800: 20 54 48 45 20 20 4C 49 4E 4B 2C 0D 22 20 20 20 | THE LINK,." | 00000810: 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 | LINE NUMBE| 00000820: 52 20 41 4E 44 20 45 4E 44 2D 4F 46 2D 4C 49 4E |R AND END-OF-LIN| 00000830: 45 20 46 4C 41 47 20 44 55 52 49 4E 47 20 56 41 |E FLAG DURING VA| 00000840: 52 49 4F 55 53 20 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 |RIOUS FUNCTIONS | 00000850: 20 4F 52 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 4F | OR." CO| 00000860: 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 2E 20 C9 20 46 49 52 53 54 20 |MMANDS. . FIRST | 00000870: 54 52 49 45 44 20 50 4F 4B 49 4E 47 20 41 20 53 |TRIED POKING A S| 00000880: 49 4E 47 4C 45 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 20 42 59 54 45 |INGLE ZERO BYTE| 00000890: 20 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 20 54 48 45 0D 22 20 20 20 | INTO THE." | 000008A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 49 44 44 4C 45 20 4F 46 20 | MIDDLE OF | 000008B0: 41 20 C2 41 53 49 43 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 54 48 41 |A .ASIC LINE THA| 000008C0: 54 20 57 41 53 20 41 4C 52 45 41 44 59 20 53 54 |T WAS ALREADY ST| 000008D0: 4F 52 45 44 20 49 4E 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 2C 20 |ORED IN MEMORY, | 000008E0: 41 4E 44 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 48 |AND." TH| 000008F0: 45 4E 20 4C 49 53 54 45 44 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 |EN LISTED THE PR| 00000900: 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 D4 48 45 20 45 4E 54 49 52 |OGRAM. .HE ENTIR| 00000910: 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 41 53 20 53 54 |E PROGRAM WAS ST| 00000920: 49 4C 4C 20 20 4C 49 53 54 45 44 0D 22 20 20 20 |ILL LISTED." | 00000930: 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 43 45 50 54 20 46 4F 52 | EXCEPT FOR| 00000940: 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 53 20 | THE CHARACTERS | 00000950: 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 4F 4E 45 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 |IN THE ONE LINE | 00000960: 54 48 41 54 20 20 57 41 53 20 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 |THAT WAS MODIF| 00000970: 49 45 44 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 4F |IED." FO| 00000980: 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 4E 45 57 20 |LLOWING THE NEW | 00000990: 5A 45 52 4F 20 42 59 54 45 2E 0D 22 0D 22 20 20 |ZERO BYTE.."." | 000009A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C9 20 54 48 45 4E 20 54 52 | . THEN TR| 000009B0: 49 45 44 20 50 4F 4B 49 4E 47 20 54 48 52 45 45 |IED POKING THREE| 000009C0: 20 20 53 45 51 55 45 4E 54 49 41 4C 20 20 5A 45 | SEQUENTIAL ZE| 000009D0: 52 4F 20 20 42 59 54 45 53 20 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 |RO BYTES INTO | 000009E0: 20 54 48 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D | THE." M| 000009F0: 49 44 44 4C 45 20 4F 46 20 41 20 C2 41 53 49 43 |IDDLE OF A .ASIC| 00000A00: 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 54 4F 20 53 49 4D 55 4C 41 54 | LINE TO SIMULAT| 00000A10: 45 20 41 4E 20 45 4E 44 2D 4F 46 2D 4C 49 4E 45 |E AN END-OF-LINE| 00000A20: 20 46 4C 41 47 20 41 4E 44 20 20 41 0D 22 20 20 | FLAG AND A." | 00000A30: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 4C 49 4E 4B | ZERO LINK| 00000A40: 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 4D 49 44 44 4C 45 20 4F | IN THE MIDDLE O| 00000A50: 46 20 20 41 20 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 20 |F A PROGRAM. | 00000A60: D4 48 49 53 20 20 48 41 44 20 20 54 48 45 20 20 |.HIS HAD THE | 00000A70: 53 41 4D 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 |SAME." E| 00000A80: 46 46 45 43 54 20 57 48 45 4E 20 54 48 45 20 50 |FFECT WHEN THE P| 00000A90: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 41 53 20 4C 49 53 54 45 |ROGRAM WAS LISTE| 00000AA0: 44 20 41 47 41 49 4E 3B 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 54 |D AGAIN; THE ENT| 00000AB0: 49 52 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2C 0D 22 20 20 |IRE PROGRAM,." | 00000AC0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 43 45 50 54 20 46 4F | EXCEPT FO| 00000AD0: 52 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 |R THE END OF THE| 00000AE0: 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 49 45 44 20 4C 49 4E 45 2C 20 | MODIFIED LINE, | 00000AF0: 57 41 53 20 4C 49 53 54 45 44 2E 0D 22 0D 22 20 |WAS LISTED.."." | 00000B00: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 50 52 4F | .HIS PRO| 00000B10: 56 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 CC C9 D3 D4 20 43 4F 4D |VES THE .... COM| 00000B20: 4D 41 4E 44 20 55 53 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 4C 49 |MAND USES THE LI| 00000B30: 4E 4B 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 |NK INFORMATION T| 00000B40: 4F 20 20 47 4F 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |O GO." | 00000B50: 46 52 4F 4D 20 4F 4E 45 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 54 4F |FROM ONE LINE TO| 00000B60: 20 54 48 45 20 4E 45 58 54 20 41 4E 44 20 44 49 | THE NEXT AND DI| 00000B70: 53 50 4C 41 59 53 20 45 41 43 48 20 4C 49 4E 45 |SPLAYS EACH LINE| 00000B80: 20 54 49 4C 4C 20 46 49 4E 44 49 4E 47 0D 22 20 | TILL FINDING." | 00000B90: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 2D | THE END-| 00000BA0: 4F 46 2D 4C 49 4E 45 20 46 4C 41 47 2C 20 41 20 |OF-LINE FLAG, A | 00000BB0: 53 49 4E 47 4C 45 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 20 42 59 54 |SINGLE ZERO BYT| 00000BC0: 45 2E 20 20 C6 55 52 54 48 45 52 4D 4F 52 45 2C |E. .URTHERMORE,| 00000BD0: 20 20 54 48 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | THE." | 00000BE0: CC C9 D3 D4 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 44 4F 45 |.... COMMAND DOE| 00000BF0: 53 20 4E 4F 54 20 43 48 45 43 4B 20 54 48 41 54 |S NOT CHECK THAT| 00000C00: 20 54 48 45 20 4C 49 4E 4B 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 | THE LINK POINTS| 00000C10: 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 20 4E 45 58 54 0D 22 20 | TO THE NEXT." | 00000C20: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 59 54 45 20 41 46 54 | BYTE AFT| 00000C30: 45 52 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 2D 4F 46 2D 4C 49 |ER THE END-OF-LI| 00000C40: 4E 45 20 20 46 4C 41 47 3B 20 20 49 54 20 20 41 |NE FLAG; IT A| 00000C50: 53 53 55 4D 45 53 20 20 54 48 45 20 20 4C 49 4E |SSUMES THE LIN| 00000C60: 4B 20 20 49 53 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |K IS." | 00000C70: 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 2E 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 |CORRECT. .F YOU | 00000C80: 45 56 45 52 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 4E 59 20 54 52 |EVER HAVE ANY TR| 00000C90: 4F 55 42 4C 45 53 20 4C 49 53 54 49 4E 47 20 41 |OUBLES LISTING A| 00000CA0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2C 20 59 4F 55 0D 0D 0D | PROGRAM, YOU...| 00000CB0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 |........." | 00000CC0: 20 20 20 D0 CF CB C9 CE C7 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 | ...... ..... | 00000CD0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C2 59 3A 20 D2 4F 42 45 | .Y: .OBE| 00000CE0: 52 54 20 D7 2E 20 C2 41 4B 45 52 20 20 20 20 20 |RT .. .AKER | 00000CF0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D0 41 47 45 20 32 | .AGE 2| 00000D00: 0D 0D 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 49 47 |..." MIG| 00000D10: 48 54 20 54 52 59 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 41 20 C3 |HT TRY USING A .| 00000D20: CC D2 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 42 45 46 4F 52 |.. COMMAND BEFOR| 00000D30: 45 20 54 48 45 20 CC C9 D3 D4 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 |E THE .... COMMA| 00000D40: 4E 44 2E 20 C1 20 20 C3 CC D2 0D 22 20 20 20 20 |ND. . ...." | 00000D50: 20 20 20 20 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 41 4C 53 | COMMAND ALS| 00000D60: 4F 20 52 45 2D 4C 49 4E 4B 53 20 54 48 45 20 C2 |O RE-LINKS THE .| 00000D70: 41 53 49 43 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 42 45 53 |ASIC PROGRAM BES| 00000D80: 49 44 45 53 20 43 4C 45 41 52 49 4E 47 20 20 41 |IDES CLEARING A| 00000D90: 4C 4C 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 56 41 52 |LL." VAR| 00000DA0: 49 41 42 4C 45 53 2E 0D 22 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 |IABLES.."." | 00000DB0: 20 20 20 20 CE 45 58 54 20 C9 20 52 41 4E 20 41 | .EXT . RAN A| 00000DC0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 20 | PROGRAM WITH A | 00000DD0: 53 49 4E 47 4C 45 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 20 42 59 54 |SINGLE ZERO BYT| 00000DE0: 45 20 50 4F 4B 45 44 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 20 54 48 |E POKED INTO TH| 00000DF0: 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 49 44 44 |E." MIDD| 00000E00: 4C 45 20 4F 46 20 56 41 52 49 4F 55 53 20 4C 49 |LE OF VARIOUS LI| 00000E10: 4E 45 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 43 4F 4E 54 41 49 4E |NES THAT CONTAIN| 00000E20: 45 44 20 52 45 4D 41 52 4B 53 20 4F 52 20 20 45 |ED REMARKS OR E| 00000E30: 58 45 43 55 54 41 42 4C 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 |XECUTABLE." | 00000E40: 20 20 20 20 53 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E 54 53 2E 20 | STATEMENTS. | 00000E50: D7 48 45 4E 20 54 48 45 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 49 45 |.HEN THE MODIFIE| 00000E60: 44 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 45 58 45 43 55 54 45 44 2C |D LINE EXECUTED,| 00000E70: 20 20 49 54 20 20 43 41 55 53 45 44 20 20 54 48 | IT CAUSED TH| 00000E80: 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4F 47 |E." PROG| 00000E90: 52 41 4D 20 54 4F 20 46 41 49 4C 20 57 49 54 48 |RAM TO FAIL WITH| 00000EA0: 20 55 4E 50 52 45 44 49 43 54 41 42 4C 45 20 52 | UNPREDICTABLE R| 00000EB0: 45 53 55 4C 54 53 2E 20 C9 46 20 20 54 48 45 20 |ESULTS. .F THE | 00000EC0: 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 49 45 44 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 | MODIFIED." | 00000ED0: 20 20 20 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 44 49 44 20 4E 4F 54 | LINE DID NOT| 00000EE0: 20 45 58 45 43 55 54 45 2C 20 42 59 20 42 52 41 | EXECUTE, BY BRA| 00000EF0: 4E 43 48 49 4E 47 20 41 52 4F 55 4E 44 20 49 54 |NCHING AROUND IT| 00000F00: 2C 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 52 41 |, THE PROGRAM RA| 00000F10: 4E 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 45 52 46 |N." PERF| 00000F20: 45 43 54 4C 59 2E 0D 22 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ECTLY.."." | 00000F30: 20 20 20 C9 20 54 48 45 4E 20 54 52 49 45 44 20 | . THEN TRIED | 00000F40: 50 4F 4B 49 4E 47 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 20 53 45 |POKING THREE SE| 00000F50: 51 55 45 4E 54 49 41 4C 20 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 20 |QUENTIAL ZERO | 00000F60: 42 59 54 45 53 20 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 20 54 48 45 |BYTES INTO THE| 00000F70: 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 49 44 44 4C |." MIDDL| 00000F80: 45 20 4F 46 20 56 41 52 49 4F 55 53 20 4C 49 4E |E OF VARIOUS LIN| 00000F90: 45 53 20 53 49 4D 55 4C 41 54 49 4E 47 20 41 4E |ES SIMULATING AN| 00000FA0: 20 45 4E 44 2D 4F 46 2D 4C 49 4E 45 20 46 4C 41 | END-OF-LINE FLA| 00000FB0: 47 20 41 4E 44 20 20 41 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 |G AND A." | 00000FC0: 20 20 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 4C 49 4E 4B 20 49 4E 20 | ZERO LINK IN | 00000FD0: 54 48 45 20 4D 49 44 44 4C 45 20 4F 46 20 41 20 |THE MIDDLE OF A | 00000FE0: 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 54 48 |PROGRAM. .HEN TH| 00000FF0: 45 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 49 45 44 20 20 4C 49 4E 45 |E MODIFIED LINE| 00001000: 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 45 43 55 |." 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52 41 4D 20 54 48 41 54 20 48 41 53 20 41 20 53 |RAM THAT HAS A S| 000013B0: 49 4E 47 4C 45 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 42 59 54 45 20 |INGLE ZERO BYTE | 000013C0: 50 4F 4B 45 44 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 20 54 48 45 0D |POKED INTO THE.| 000013D0: 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4D 49 44 44 4C 45 |" MIDDLE| 000013E0: 20 4F 46 20 41 20 C2 41 53 49 43 20 4C 49 4E 45 | OF A .ASIC LINE| 000013F0: 20 43 41 4E 20 50 52 4F 44 55 43 45 20 53 54 52 | CAN PRODUCE STR| 00001400: 41 4E 47 45 20 52 45 53 55 4C 54 53 2E 0D 22 0D |ANGE RESULTS..".| 00001410: 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 C1 50 50 41 52 45 |" .PPARE| 00001420: 4E 54 4C 59 2C 20 41 4C 4C 20 54 48 45 20 4C 49 |NTLY, ALL THE LI| 00001430: 4E 4B 20 56 41 4C 55 45 53 20 20 4F 46 20 20 54 |NK VALUES OF T| 00001440: 48 45 20 20 C2 41 53 49 43 20 20 50 52 4F 47 52 |HE .ASIC PROGR| 00001450: 41 4D 20 20 41 52 45 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |AM ARE." | 00001460: 20 20 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 45 44 20 41 46 54 45 | CORRECTED AFTE| 00001470: 52 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 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52 45 2D 45 4E 54 45 52 45 44 2E 0D 22 0D 22 | RE-ENTERED.."."| 00001EF0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 53 45 20 49 | .HESE I| 00001F00: 44 45 41 53 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 45 58 50 41 |DEAS CAN BE EXPA| 00001F10: 4E 44 45 44 20 55 50 4F 4E 2C 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 |NDED UPON, ALLOW| 00001F20: 49 4E 47 20 20 54 48 45 20 20 43 52 45 41 54 49 |ING THE CREATI| 00001F30: 4F 4E 20 20 4F 46 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ON OF." | 00001F40: 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 44 20 C7 CF D4 CF 53 20 | COMPUTED ....S | 00001F50: 4F 52 20 54 4F 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 20 50 52 4F |OR TO HAVE A PRO| 00001F60: 47 52 41 4D 20 20 50 45 52 4D 41 4E 45 4E 54 4C |GRAM PERMANENTL| 00001F70: 59 20 20 4D 4F 44 49 46 59 20 20 49 54 53 0D 22 |Y MODIFY ITS."| 00001F80: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 4F 47 49 43 20 46 | LOGIC F| 00001F90: 4C 4F 57 20 45 41 43 48 20 54 49 4D 45 20 49 54 |LOW EACH TIME IT| 00001FA0: 20 52 55 4E 53 2E 20 C1 4E 4F 54 48 45 52 20 49 | RUNS. .NOTHER I| 00001FB0: 44 45 41 20 49 53 20 20 54 4F 20 20 55 53 45 20 |DEA IS TO USE | 00001FC0: 20 D0 CF CB C5 53 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ....S." | 00001FD0: 20 44 55 52 49 4E 47 20 20 41 20 20 50 52 4F 47 | DURING A PROG| 00001FE0: 52 41 4D 20 20 54 4F 20 20 53 54 4F 52 45 20 20 |RAM TO STORE | 00001FF0: 44 41 54 41 20 20 20 57 49 54 48 49 4E 20 20 20 |DATA WITHIN | 00002000: 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 20 20 C4 C1 D4 C1 0D 22 |PROGRAM ....."| 00002010: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 54 41 54 45 4D 45 | STATEME| 00002020: 4E 54 53 2E 20 D4 48 49 53 20 50 52 4F 56 49 44 |NTS. .HIS PROVID| 00002030: 45 53 20 41 4E 20 41 4C 54 45 52 4E 41 54 49 56 |ES AN ALTERNATIV| 00002040: 45 20 20 54 4F 20 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 20 54 41 |E TO USING TA| 00002050: 50 45 20 20 4F 52 0D 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |PE OR." | 00002060: 20 44 49 53 4B 20 44 41 54 41 20 46 49 4C 45 53 | DISK DATA FILES| 00002070: 20 46 4F 52 20 53 4D 41 4C 4C 20 51 55 41 4E 54 | FOR SMALL QUANT| 00002080: 49 54 49 45 53 20 4F 46 20 44 41 54 41 2C 20 41 |ITIES OF DATA, A| 00002090: 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 44 41 54 41 20 49 53 0D 22 |ND THE DATA IS."| 000020A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 45 41 44 49 4C 59 | READILY| 000020B0: 20 41 56 41 49 4C 41 42 4C 45 20 54 48 52 4F 55 | AVAILABLE THROU| 000020C0: 47 48 20 D2 C5 C1 C4 20 53 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E |GH .... STATEMEN| 000020D0: 54 53 20 41 53 20 4F 46 54 45 4E 20 41 53 20 4E |TS AS OFTEN AS N| 000020E0: 45 45 44 45 44 2E 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |EEDED...........| 000020F0: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |................| 00002100: 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D |......... |
" POKING BASIC BY: ROBER
T W. BAKER PAGE 1..."
POKING AROUND IN
BASIC.." NORMALLY YOU DON'T HAV
E TO KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT THE INTERNAL.
" WORKINGS OF BASIC IN YOUR COMP
UTER SYSTEM. THERE ARE TIMES,."
HOWEVER, WHEN IT MAY HELP TO KNOW EVEN
THE SIMPLEST DETAILS.." MANY A
RTICLES ON HOW BASIC LINES ARE STORED I
N MEMORY HAVE." APPEARED, AND
THE FORMAT IS ILLUSTRATED IN THE D
ETAILED." MEMORY MAPS IN THE COM
MODORE USER GUIDES. BRIEFLY, EACH BASIC.
" LINE HAS A FIVE-BYTE OVERHEAD
WHEN STORED IN MEMORY. FOUR."
BYTES PRECEDE THE LINE OF TEXT, AND A
SINGLE BYTE FOLLOWS THE." LINE W
ITH A VALUE OF ZERO TO INDICATE THE END
OF THE LINE:."." ----------
----------------< >--------------."
! LINK ! BASIC !
! END !." ! ADR
! LINE# ! BASIC TEXT... ! FLAG !."
! ! ! ! !
! !." ! LO ! HI
! LO ! HI ! ! 0 !."
--------------------------< >
--------------."." THE FOUR BYTE
S AT THE START OF EACH LINE CONTAIN A
TWO-BYTE." LINK, WHICH IS AN ADD
RESS POINTER TO THE STARTING LOCATION OF
." THE NEXT LINE, AND THE BASIC
LINE NUMBER STORED AS A TWO-BYTE."
BINARY NUMBER. THE LINK AND LINE NUMB
ER ARE BOTH STORED IN." STAND
ARD 6502 ADDRESS FORMAT. THIS MEANS THAT
THE FIRST BYTE." IS THE LOW OR
DER EIGHT BITS OF THE ADDRESS AND THE
SECOND." BYTE CONTAINS THE HIG
H ORDER EIGHT BITS OF THE TOTAL 16-BIT
." BINARY VALUE. THE END OF THE
BASIC PROGRAM IS INDICATED BY A."
LINK WITH BOTH BYTES EQUAL TO ZERO. T
HE ACTUAL BASIC TEXT IS." COMPR
ESSED, WITH ALL BASIC STATEMENTS AND COM
MANDS STORED AS." SINGLE BYTE '
TOKENS' TO CONSERVE MEMORY SPACE.."."
WITH THIS INFORMATION IN HAND, I
EXPERIMENTED TO SEE HOW." CO
MMODORE BASIC USED THESE FIVE OVERHEAD B
YTES FOR THE LINK,." LINE NUMBE
R AND END-OF-LINE FLAG DURING VARIOUS FU
NCTIONS OR." COMMANDS. I FIRST
TRIED POKING A SINGLE ZERO BYTE INTO
THE." MIDDLE OF A BASIC LINE THA
T WAS ALREADY STORED IN MEMORY, AND."
THEN LISTED THE PROGRAM. THE ENTIR
E PROGRAM WAS STILL LISTED." EX
CEPT FOR THE CHARACTERS IN THE ONE LINE
THAT WAS MODIFIED." FOLLOWING
THE NEW ZERO BYTE.."." I THEN TR
IED POKING THREE SEQUENTIAL ZERO BYTE
S INTO THE." MIDDLE OF A BASIC
LINE TO SIMULATE AN END-OF-LINE FLAG AN
D A." ZERO LINK IN THE MIDDLE O
F A PROGRAM. THIS HAD THE SAME."
EFFECT WHEN THE PROGRAM WAS LISTE
D AGAIN; THE ENTIRE PROGRAM,." E
XCEPT FOR THE END OF THE MODIFIED LINE,
WAS LISTED.."." THIS PROVES THE
LIST COMMAND USES THE LINK INFORMATION T
O GO." FROM ONE LINE TO THE NEX
T AND DISPLAYS EACH LINE TILL FINDING."
THE END-OF-LINE FLAG, A SINGLE Z
ERO BYTE. FURTHERMORE, THE."
LIST COMMAND DOES NOT CHECK THAT THE LIN
K POINTS TO THE NEXT." BYTE AFT
ER THE END-OF-LINE FLAG; IT ASSUMES
THE LINK IS." CORRECT. IF YOU
EVER HAVE ANY TROUBLES LISTING A PROGRAM
, YOU............" POKING BASIC
BY: ROBERT W. BAKER
PAGE 2..." MIGHT TRY USING A C
LR COMMAND BEFORE THE LIST COMMAND. A C
LR." COMMAND ALSO RE-LINKS THE B
ASIC PROGRAM BESIDES CLEARING ALL."
VARIABLES.."." NEXT I RAN A
PROGRAM WITH A SINGLE ZERO BYTE POKED
INTO THE." MIDDLE OF VARIOUS LI
NES THAT CONTAINED REMARKS OR EXECUTABL
E." STATEMENTS. WHEN THE MODIFIE
D LINE EXECUTED, IT CAUSED THE."
PROGRAM TO FAIL WITH UNPREDICTABLE R
ESULTS. IF THE MODIFIED." LINE
DID NOT EXECUTE, BY BRANCHING AROUND IT
, THE PROGRAM RAN." PERFECTLY.."
." I THEN TRIED POKING THREE SE
QUENTIAL ZERO BYTES INTO THE."
MIDDLE OF VARIOUS LINES SIMULATING AN
END-OF-LINE FLAG AND A." ZERO
LINK IN THE MIDDLE OF A PROGRAM. WHEN TH
E MODIFIED LINE." EXECUTED, THE
PROGRAM TERMINATED AT THAT POINT AS IF
THAT WAS." THE NORMAL END OF THE
PROGRAM. IF THE MODIFIED LINE DID NOT
." EXECUTE, THE PROGRAM RAN TO T
HE NORMAL END OF THE PROGRAM.."
THIS SHOWS THAT BASIC USES THE LINK V
ALUES TO FIND A GIVEN." LINE
WHENEVER LINES ARE NOT EXECUTED SEQUENT
IALLY. HOWEVER,." ALL LINKS ARE
IGNORED AND NOT VERIFIED WHENEVER BASI
C LINES." ARE EXECUTED SEQUENTI
ALLY.."." FURTHER TESTING FOLLOW
ING SIMILAR LINES PROVED THAT A PROGRAM.
" IS SAVED ON TAPE OR DISK UNTIL
THE FIRST THREE SEQUENTIAL."
ZERO BYTES WERE FOUND, REGARDLESS
OF WHERE THESE BYTES." OCCURR
. A PROGRAM SAVE IS A STRAIGHT 'MEMORY
DUMP', STORING." EACH CONSECUTI
VE BYTE OF MEMORY FROM THE START OF THE
PROGRAM." UNTIL THREE CONSECUTIV
E ZERO BYTES ARE FOUND. SAVING AND THEN.
" LOADING A PROGRAM THAT HAS A S
INGLE ZERO BYTE POKED INTO THE."
MIDDLE OF A BASIC LINE CAN PRODUCE STR
ANGE RESULTS.."." APPARENTLY, AL
L THE LINK VALUES OF THE BASIC PROGR
AM ARE." CORRECTED AFTER THE PR
OGRAM IS LOADED. BASIC 'KNOWS' THE END.
" OF EACH LINE WHEN IT FINDS THE
END-OF-LINE FLAG, THE SINGLE."
ZERO BYTE. THUS, THE DATA IN THE MODIF
IED LINE FOLLOWING THE." ADDED
ZERO BYTE IS INTERPRETED AS AN EXTRA
LINE THAT MAY." PRODUCE GARBAG
E WITH A STRANGE LINE NUMBER IN THE MID
DLE OF." YOUR PROGRAM. TRYING T
O EDIT PROGRAM LINES WHEN EXTRA ZERO.
" BYTES HAVE BEEN POKED INTO TH
E PROGRAM CAN CAUSE SIMILAR."
RESULTS WHEN THE EDIT ROUTINE TRIES
TO RELINK THE BASIC." PROGRA
M.."." BY TRYING VARIOUS WAYS TO
CHANGE THE LINE NUMBERS IN A BASIC."
PROGRAM, I FOUND THAT BASIC USES
THE LINK VALUES TO SEARCH." T
HROUGH THE PROGRAM WHENEVER LOOKING FOR
A PARTICULAR LINE.." IF YOU FI
ND A LINE NUMBER IN THE PROGRAM THAT IS
GREATER THAN." THE NUMBER YOU
'RE SEARCHING FOR, THE SEARCH
ENDS." UNSUCCESSFULLY. WHEN TWO
LINES HAVE THE SAME LINE NUMBER, THE."
ONE CLOSEST TO THE START OF THE P
ROGRAM IS ALWAYS USED SINCE." I
T IS FOUND FIRST IN THE SEARCH. THESE RU
LES ARE USED FOR ALL." FUNCTIONS
THAT REQUIRE LOCATING A PARTICULAR BASI
C LINE, SUCH." AS GOSUB, GOTO, R
UN XXX, LIST XXX OR SCREEN EDITING......
......." POKING BASIC BY
: ROBERT W. BAKER PAGE 3..
."." BASIC WILL NOT ALLOW ENTERI
NG ANY LINE WITH A NUMBER GREATER."
THAN 63999. HOWEVER, YOU CAN POKE A
NEW VALUE TO CHANGE AN." EXI
STING LINE NUMBER TO ANY VALUE GREATER T
HAN THIS LIMIT, UP." TO 65535. T
HE LINE WILL STILL LIST AND RUN CORRE
CTLY, BUT." CANNOT BE EDITED OR
DELETED FROM THE PROGRAM SINCE THE LI
NE." NUMBER IS INVALID. A LINE T
HAT IS TO BE 'PROTECTED' IN THIS."
MANNER SHOULD BE LOCATED AT THE END
OF A PROGRAM SINCE ANY." FOL
LOWING LINES WITH A LOWER NUMBER CAN NEV
ER BE FOUND BY A." BASIC SEARC
H. THIS MEANS YOU PROBABLY CANNOT GOTO O
R GOSUB TO." ANY OF THE LINES FO
LLOWING THE MODIFIED LINES WITH LAR
GE." NUMBERS.."." THERE
IS ALSO A WAY TO CREATE BASIC LINES L
ONGER THAN 80." CHARACTERS THA
T CANNOT BE ENTERED FROM THE KEYBOARD
AS A." SINGLE LINE. YOU CAN E
NTER THE TEXT AS SEPARATE LINES, THEN.
" POKE THE END-OF-LINE FLAG OF T
HE FIRST LINE, AND POKE THE."
LINK AND LINE NUMBER BYTES OF THE SECO
ND LINE TO DIFFERENT." VALUES
MAKING THEM PART OF THE NEW EXPANDED
BASIC LINE OF." TEXT. THE EXPA
NDED LINE WILL LIST AND RUN CORRECTL
Y, BUT." CANNOT BE EDITED SINCE
IT WILL BE TRUNCATED IF RE-ENTERED.."."
THESE IDEAS CAN BE EXPANDED UPO
N, ALLOWING THE CREATION OF."
COMPUTED GOTOS OR TO HAVE A PROGRAM PE
RMANENTLY MODIFY ITS." LOGIC F
LOW EACH TIME IT RUNS. ANOTHER IDEA IS
TO USE POKES." DURING A PROG
RAM TO STORE DATA WITHIN PROGRAM
DATA." STATEMENTS. THIS PROVID
ES AN ALTERNATIVE TO USING TAPE OR."
DISK DATA FILES FOR SMALL QUANT
ITIES OF DATA, AND THE DATA IS."
READILY AVAILABLE THROUGH READ STATEMEN
TS AS OFTEN AS NEEDED...................
.................
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