Multiple names: T.METRONOME, T.WEATHER CONVER
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S):
• T.METRONOME<br>• T.WEATHER CONVER
FILE TYPE(S): DEL, PRG
FILE SIZE: 6.5K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:12:11
APPEARS ON: 2 disk(s)
FILE HASH
d338d5d88ae488d47a1f513faf0f742c4aca76ed94c0a01c883ae7bc119799be
FOUND ON DISKS (2 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 32 S 1 | T.METRONOME | DEL | Sailor, Ganheden | 8 | 6 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
| LOADSTAR 32 S 1 | T.WEATHER CONVER | PRG | Sailor, Ganheden | 8 | 6 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 00 80 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 D7 C5 C1 D4 C8 C5 |.... ......| 00000010: D2 20 C3 CF CE D6 C5 D2 D3 C9 CF CE 20 D2 CF D5 |. .......... ...| 00000020: D4 C9 CE C5 D3 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...... | 00000030: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 59 0D 20 20 20 20 20 | BY. | 00000040: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D6 41 4C 20 CA 2E 20 C7 4F | .AL .. .O| 00000050: 4C 44 49 4E 47 0D 0D 0D 20 20 D7 C5 C1 D4 C8 C5 |LDING... ......| 00000060: D2 20 C3 CF CE D6 C5 D2 D3 C9 CF CE 20 D2 CF D5 |. .......... ...| 00000070: D4 C9 CE C5 D3 20 43 41 4E 0D 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 |..... CAN.CONVER| 00000080: 54 20 42 45 54 57 45 45 4E 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 |T BETWEEN THREE | 00000090: 4D 41 4A 4F 52 0D 54 45 4D 50 45 52 41 54 55 52 |MAJOR.TEMPERATUR| 000000A0: 45 20 53 43 41 4C 45 53 20 41 4E 44 20 42 45 54 |E SCALES AND BET| 000000B0: 57 45 45 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 54 48 52 45 45 20 55 |WEEN THE.THREE U| 000000C0: 4E 49 54 53 20 55 53 45 44 20 54 4F 20 4D 45 41 |NITS USED TO MEA| 000000D0: 53 55 52 45 20 57 49 4E 44 20 53 50 45 45 44 0D |SURE WIND SPEED.| 000000E0: 41 53 20 57 45 4C 4C 20 41 53 20 43 41 4C 43 55 |AS WELL AS CALCU| 000000F0: 4C 41 54 45 20 57 49 4E 44 20 43 48 49 4C 4C 20 |LATE WIND CHILL | 00000100: 41 4E 44 0D 54 48 45 20 48 45 41 54 20 49 4E 44 |AND.THE HEAT IND| 00000110: 45 58 2E 20 20 C9 4E 20 41 44 44 49 54 49 4F 4E |EX. .N ADDITION| 00000120: 2C 20 54 48 45 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 43 4F |, THE.PROGRAM CO| 00000130: 4E 56 45 52 54 53 20 42 45 54 57 45 45 4E 20 54 |NVERTS BETWEEN T| 00000140: 48 45 20 54 57 4F 20 55 4E 49 54 53 0D 55 53 45 |HE TWO UNITS.USE| 00000150: 44 20 54 4F 20 44 45 53 43 52 49 42 45 20 41 54 |D TO DESCRIBE AT| 00000160: 4D 4F 53 50 48 45 52 49 43 20 50 52 45 53 53 55 |MOSPHERIC PRESSU| 00000170: 52 45 2E 0D 0D 20 20 D3 49 4E 43 45 20 4D 45 54 |RE... .INCE MET| 00000180: 45 4F 52 4F 4C 4F 47 49 53 54 53 20 4F 46 54 45 |EOROLOGISTS OFTE| 00000190: 4E 20 55 53 45 20 55 4E 2D 0D 46 41 4D 49 4C 49 |N USE UN-.FAMILI| 000001A0: 41 52 20 55 4E 49 54 53 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 41 53 |AR UNITS OF MEAS| 000001B0: 55 52 45 4D 45 4E 54 20 57 48 45 4E 0D 54 48 45 |UREMENT WHEN.THE| 000001C0: 59 20 44 45 53 43 52 49 42 45 20 54 48 45 20 57 |Y DESCRIBE THE W| 000001D0: 45 41 54 48 45 52 2C 20 54 48 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C |EATHER, THE FOLL| 000001E0: 4F 57 2D 0D 49 4E 47 20 45 58 50 4C 41 4E 41 54 |OW-.ING EXPLANAT| 000001F0: 49 4F 4E 53 20 4D 41 59 20 42 45 20 4F 46 20 48 |IONS MAY BE OF H| 00000200: 45 4C 50 2E 0D 0D D4 45 4D 50 45 52 41 54 55 52 |ELP....EMPERATUR| 00000210: 45 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0D 20 |E.-----------.. | 00000220: 20 D4 48 45 52 45 20 41 52 45 20 54 48 52 45 45 | .HERE ARE THREE| 00000230: 20 57 49 44 45 4C 59 20 55 53 45 44 0D 54 45 4D | WIDELY USED.TEM| 00000240: 50 45 52 41 54 55 52 45 20 53 43 41 4C 45 53 3A |PERATURE SCALES:| 00000250: 20 C6 41 48 52 45 4E 48 45 49 54 2C 0D C3 45 4C | .AHRENHEIT,..EL| 00000260: 53 49 55 53 20 28 4F 52 20 C3 45 4E 54 49 47 52 |SIUS (OR .ENTIGR| 00000270: 41 44 45 29 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 CB 45 4C 56 49 4E |ADE), AND .ELVIN| 00000280: 2E 0D 0D 20 20 C1 4D 45 52 49 43 41 4E 53 20 41 |... .MERICANS A| 00000290: 52 45 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 46 41 4D 49 4C 49 41 52 |RE MOST FAMILIAR| 000002A0: 20 57 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 0D 22 C6 41 48 52 45 | WITH THE.".AHRE| 000002B0: 4E 48 45 49 54 22 20 53 43 41 4C 45 2C 20 4E 41 |NHEIT" SCALE, NA| 000002C0: 4D 45 44 20 46 4F 52 20 C7 41 42 52 49 45 4C 0D |MED FOR .ABRIEL.| 000002D0: C6 41 48 52 45 4E 48 45 49 54 2C 20 54 48 45 20 |.AHRENHEIT, THE | 000002E0: 31 38 54 48 20 C3 45 4E 54 55 52 59 20 C7 45 52 |18TH .ENTURY .ER| 000002F0: 4D 41 4E 0D 50 48 59 53 49 43 49 53 54 20 57 48 |MAN.PHYSICIST WH| 00000300: 4F 20 44 45 56 45 4C 4F 50 45 44 20 49 54 2E 0D |O DEVELOPED IT..| 00000310: 0D 20 20 C9 4E 20 43 4F 55 4E 54 52 49 45 53 20 |. .N COUNTRIES | 00000320: 4F 54 48 45 52 20 54 48 41 4E 20 54 48 45 20 D5 |OTHER THAN THE .| 00000330: 4E 49 54 45 44 0D D3 54 41 54 45 53 20 41 4E 44 |NITED..TATES AND| 00000340: 20 49 4E 20 41 4C 4C 20 53 43 49 45 4E 54 49 46 | IN ALL SCIENTIF| 00000350: 49 43 20 57 4F 52 4B 2C 20 54 48 45 0D 22 C3 45 |IC WORK, THE.".E| 00000360: 4C 53 49 55 53 22 20 53 43 41 4C 45 20 49 53 20 |LSIUS" SCALE IS | 00000370: 55 53 45 44 2E 20 20 C9 4E 56 45 4E 54 45 44 20 |USED. .NVENTED | 00000380: 49 4E 0D 31 37 34 32 20 42 59 20 54 48 45 20 D3 |IN.1742 BY THE .| 00000390: 57 45 44 49 53 48 20 41 53 54 52 4F 4E 4F 4D 45 |WEDISH ASTRONOME| 000003A0: 52 20 C1 4E 44 45 52 53 0D C3 45 4C 53 49 55 53 |R .NDERS..ELSIUS| 000003B0: 2C 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 41 4C 45 20 55 53 45 53 |, THE SCALE USES| 000003C0: 20 30 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 2C 20 54 48 45 0D | 0 DEGREES, THE.| 000003D0: 46 52 45 45 5A 49 4E 47 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 4F |FREEZING POINT O| 000003E0: 46 20 57 41 54 45 52 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 31 30 30 |F WATER, AND 100| 000003F0: 0D 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 2C 20 54 48 45 20 42 4F |.DEGREES, THE BO| 00000400: 49 4C 49 4E 47 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 4F 46 20 57 |ILING POINT OF W| 00000410: 41 54 45 52 2C 0D 41 53 20 49 54 53 20 42 41 53 |ATER,.AS ITS BAS| 00000420: 45 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 2E 20 20 C2 45 43 41 55 |E POINTS. .ECAU| 00000430: 53 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 0D 31 30 30 20 44 45 |SE OF THE.100 DE| 00000440: 47 52 45 45 20 49 4E 54 45 52 56 41 4C 20 42 45 |GREE INTERVAL BE| 00000450: 54 57 45 45 4E 20 54 48 45 20 54 57 4F 0D 42 41 |TWEEN THE TWO.BA| 00000460: 53 45 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 2C 20 54 48 49 53 20 |SE POINTS, THIS | 00000470: 53 43 41 4C 45 20 49 53 20 41 4C 53 4F 20 4B 4E |SCALE IS ALSO KN| 00000480: 4F 57 4E 0D 41 53 20 54 48 45 20 22 43 45 4E 54 |OWN.AS THE "CENT| 00000490: 49 47 52 41 44 45 22 20 53 43 41 4C 45 2E 20 20 |IGRADE" SCALE. | 000004A0: D4 48 45 0D 45 51 55 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 55 53 45 |.HE.EQUATION USE| 000004B0: 44 20 54 4F 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 20 C6 41 48 |D TO CONVERT .AH| 000004C0: 52 45 4E 48 45 49 54 0D 28 C6 29 20 54 4F 20 C3 |RENHEIT.(.) TO .| 000004D0: 45 4C 53 49 55 53 20 28 C3 29 20 49 53 3A 20 C3 |ELSIUS (.) IS: .| 000004E0: 3D 35 2F 39 28 C6 2D 33 32 29 2E 0D D7 48 45 4E |=5/9(.-32)...HEN| 000004F0: 20 C3 45 4C 53 49 55 53 20 49 53 20 43 4F 4E 56 | .ELSIUS IS CONV| 00000500: 45 52 54 45 44 20 54 4F 0D C6 41 48 52 45 4E 48 |ERTED TO..AHRENH| 00000510: 45 49 54 2C 20 54 48 45 20 45 51 55 41 54 49 4F |EIT, THE EQUATIO| 00000520: 4E 20 49 53 3A 0D C6 3D 31 2E 38 28 C3 2B 33 32 |N IS:..=1.8(.+32| 00000530: 29 2E 0D 0D 20 20 D4 48 45 20 54 48 49 52 44 20 |)... .HE THIRD | 00000540: 53 43 41 4C 45 2C 20 54 48 45 20 22 CB 45 4C 56 |SCALE, THE ".ELV| 00000550: 49 4E 22 0D 53 43 41 4C 45 2C 20 49 53 20 55 53 |IN".SCALE, IS US| 00000560: 45 44 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 42 59 20 43 48 45 4D 49 |ED MORE BY CHEMI| 00000570: 53 54 53 20 41 4E 44 0D 50 48 59 53 49 43 49 53 |STS AND.PHYSICIS| 00000580: 54 53 20 54 48 41 4E 20 42 59 20 4D 45 54 45 4F |TS THAN BY METEO| 00000590: 52 4F 4C 4F 47 49 53 54 53 2E 0D D7 48 59 20 57 |ROLOGISTS...HY W| 000005A0: 41 53 20 49 54 20 44 45 56 45 4C 4F 50 45 44 3F |AS IT DEVELOPED?| 000005B0: 20 20 C1 53 20 57 45 27 56 45 20 53 45 45 4E 2C | .S WE'VE SEEN,| 000005C0: 0D 42 4F 54 48 20 54 48 45 20 C6 41 48 52 45 4E |.BOTH THE .AHREN| 000005D0: 48 45 49 54 20 41 4E 44 20 C3 45 4C 53 49 55 53 |HEIT AND .ELSIUS| 000005E0: 0D 53 43 41 4C 45 53 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 |.SCALES USE THE | 000005F0: 50 52 4F 50 45 52 54 49 45 53 20 4F 46 20 57 41 |PROPERTIES OF WA| 00000600: 54 45 52 20 54 4F 0D 46 49 58 20 54 48 45 49 52 |TER TO.FIX THEIR| 00000610: 20 42 41 53 45 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 3B 20 53 43 | BASE POINTS; SC| 00000620: 49 45 4E 54 49 53 54 53 0D 53 4F 4F 4E 20 46 4F |IENTISTS.SOON FO| 00000630: 55 4E 44 20 54 48 41 54 20 54 48 45 59 20 4E 45 |UND THAT THEY NE| 00000640: 45 44 45 44 20 41 0D 46 55 4E 44 41 4D 45 4E 54 |EDED A.FUNDAMENT| 00000650: 41 4C 20 53 43 41 4C 45 20 49 4E 44 45 50 45 4E |AL SCALE INDEPEN| 00000660: 44 45 4E 54 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 0D 50 52 4F 50 |DENT OF THE.PROP| 00000670: 45 52 54 49 45 53 20 4F 46 20 41 4E 59 20 4F 4E |ERTIES OF ANY ON| 00000680: 45 20 53 55 42 53 54 41 4E 43 45 2E 20 20 C9 4E |E SUBSTANCE. .N| 00000690: 0D 31 38 34 38 2C 20 54 48 45 20 C2 52 49 54 49 |.1848, THE .RITI| 000006A0: 53 48 20 50 48 59 53 49 43 49 53 54 20 D7 49 4C |SH PHYSICIST .IL| 000006B0: 4C 49 41 4D 0D D4 48 4F 4D 53 4F 4E 20 28 CC 4F |LIAM..HOMSON (.O| 000006C0: 52 44 20 CB 45 4C 56 49 4E 29 20 42 41 53 45 44 |RD .ELVIN) BASED| 000006D0: 20 48 49 53 0D 54 45 4D 50 45 52 41 54 55 52 45 | HIS.TEMPERATURE| 000006E0: 20 53 43 41 4C 45 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 54 48 | SCALE ON THE TH| 000006F0: 45 4F 52 45 54 49 43 41 4C 0D 22 41 42 53 4F 4C |EORETICAL."ABSOL| 00000700: 55 54 45 20 5A 45 52 4F 22 20 28 2D 32 37 33 2E |UTE ZERO" (-273.| 00000710: 31 35 20 C3 45 4C 53 49 55 53 29 2E 0D 28 C1 20 |15 .ELSIUS)..(. | 00000720: 53 55 42 53 54 41 4E 43 45 20 41 54 20 5A 45 52 |SUBSTANCE AT ZER| 00000730: 4F 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 20 CB 45 4C 56 49 4E |O DEGREES .ELVIN| 00000740: 0D 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 48 41 56 45 20 4E 4F 20 54 |.WOULD HAVE NO T| 00000750: 48 45 52 4D 41 4C 20 45 4E 45 52 47 59 3B 20 49 |HERMAL ENERGY; I| 00000760: 54 53 0D 4D 4F 4C 45 43 55 4C 45 53 20 57 4F 55 |TS.MOLECULES WOU| 00000770: 4C 44 20 4E 4F 54 20 4D 4F 56 45 2E 29 20 20 D4 |LD NOT MOVE.) .| 00000780: 48 45 0D 45 51 55 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 55 53 45 44 |HE.EQUATION USED| 00000790: 20 54 4F 20 43 4F 4E 56 45 52 54 20 44 45 47 52 | TO CONVERT DEGR| 000007A0: 45 45 53 0D C3 45 4C 53 49 55 53 20 28 C3 29 20 |EES..ELSIUS (.) | 000007B0: 54 4F 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 20 CB 45 4C 56 49 |TO DEGREES .ELVI| 000007C0: 4E 20 28 CB 29 20 49 53 3A 0D CB 20 3D 20 C3 20 |N (.) IS:.. = . | 000007D0: 2B 20 32 37 33 2E 31 35 2E 0D 0D 0D D4 48 45 20 |+ 273.15.....HE | 000007E0: C8 45 41 54 20 C9 4E 44 45 58 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |.EAT .NDEX.-----| 000007F0: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0D 20 20 C1 53 20 |---------.. .S | 00000800: 41 4E 59 4F 4E 45 20 57 48 4F 20 48 41 53 20 45 |ANYONE WHO HAS E| 00000810: 56 45 52 20 45 4E 44 55 52 45 44 20 41 0D 53 57 |VER ENDURED A.SW| 00000820: 45 4C 54 45 52 49 4E 47 20 53 55 4D 4D 45 52 20 |ELTERING SUMMER | 00000830: 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 D3 4F 55 54 48 20 4B 4E 4F |IN THE .OUTH KNO| 00000840: 57 53 2C 0D 41 20 54 48 45 52 4D 4F 4D 45 54 45 |WS,.A THERMOMETE| 00000850: 52 20 52 45 41 44 49 4E 47 20 44 4F 45 53 4E 27 |R READING DOESN'| 00000860: 54 20 41 4C 57 41 59 53 0D 54 45 4C 4C 20 54 48 |T ALWAYS.TELL TH| 00000870: 45 20 57 48 4F 4C 45 20 53 54 4F 52 59 2E 20 20 |E WHOLE STORY. | 00000880: D4 48 45 20 39 35 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 0D 44 41 |.HE 95 DEGREE.DA| 00000890: 59 20 57 49 54 48 20 38 35 25 20 48 55 4D 49 44 |Y WITH 85% HUMID| 000008A0: 49 54 59 20 59 4F 55 20 4D 49 47 48 54 0D 45 58 |ITY YOU MIGHT.EX| 000008B0: 50 45 52 49 45 4E 43 45 20 49 4E 20 CE 45 57 20 |PERIENCE IN .EW | 000008C0: CF 52 4C 45 41 4E 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 54 41 4B |.RLEANS WILL TAK| 000008D0: 45 20 41 0D 4D 55 43 48 20 47 52 45 41 54 45 52 |E A.MUCH GREATER| 000008E0: 20 50 48 59 53 49 43 41 4C 20 54 4F 4C 4C 20 54 | PHYSICAL TOLL T| 000008F0: 48 41 4E 20 41 20 39 35 0D 44 45 47 52 45 45 20 |HAN A 95.DEGREE | 00000900: 44 41 59 20 57 49 54 48 20 4C 4F 57 20 48 55 4D |DAY WITH LOW HUM| 00000910: 49 44 49 54 59 20 54 48 41 54 20 59 4F 55 0D 4D |IDITY THAT YOU.M| 00000920: 49 47 48 54 20 46 49 4E 44 20 49 4E 20 D0 48 4F |IGHT FIND IN .HO| 00000930: 45 4E 49 58 2E 0D 0D 20 20 D2 45 43 45 4E 54 4C |ENIX... .ECENTL| 00000940: 59 2C 20 54 48 45 20 D7 45 41 54 48 45 52 20 D3 |Y, THE .EATHER .| 00000950: 45 52 56 49 43 45 20 48 41 53 0D 44 45 56 45 4C |ERVICE HAS.DEVEL| 00000960: 4F 50 45 44 20 41 20 22 48 45 41 54 20 49 4E 44 |OPED A "HEAT IND| 00000970: 45 58 22 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 55 53 45 53 20 41 |EX" WHICH USES A| 00000980: 0D 43 4F 4D 50 4C 49 43 41 54 45 44 20 45 51 55 |.COMPLICATED EQU| 00000990: 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 4F 20 43 41 4C 43 55 4C 41 |ATION TO CALCULA| 000009A0: 54 45 0D 41 50 50 41 52 45 4E 54 20 54 45 4D 50 |TE.APPARENT TEMP| 000009B0: 45 52 41 54 55 52 45 2E 20 20 CF 4E 4C 59 20 54 |ERATURE. .NLY T| 000009C0: 57 4F 0D 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 53 20 41 52 45 |WO.VARIABLES ARE| 000009D0: 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 20 54 4F 20 43 41 4C 43 55 | NEEDED TO CALCU| 000009E0: 4C 41 54 45 20 49 54 0D 54 48 4F 55 47 48 3A 20 |LATE IT.THOUGH: | 000009F0: 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 20 C6 41 48 52 45 4E 48 45 |DEGREES .AHRENHE| 00000A00: 49 54 20 41 4E 44 20 50 45 52 43 45 4E 54 0D 52 |IT AND PERCENT.R| 00000A10: 45 4C 41 54 49 56 45 20 48 55 4D 49 44 49 54 59 |ELATIVE HUMIDITY| 00000A20: 2E 0D 0D 20 20 D4 48 45 20 D7 45 41 54 48 45 52 |... .HE .EATHER| 00000A30: 20 D3 45 52 56 49 43 45 20 52 41 54 45 53 20 48 | .ERVICE RATES H| 00000A40: 4F 54 0D 57 45 41 54 48 45 52 20 49 4E 20 46 4F |OT.WEATHER IN FO| 00000A50: 55 52 20 43 41 54 45 47 4F 52 49 45 53 2C 20 44 |UR CATEGORIES, D| 00000A60: 45 50 45 4E 44 49 4E 47 0D 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 |EPENDING.ON THE | 00000A70: 48 45 41 54 20 49 4E 44 45 58 20 46 4F 52 20 54 |HEAT INDEX FOR T| 00000A80: 48 41 54 20 44 41 59 3A 0D 0D C3 C1 D4 C5 C7 CF |HAT DAY:........| 00000A90: D2 D9 20 C9 20 2D 2D 20 C1 50 50 41 52 45 4E 54 |.. . -- .PPARENT| 00000AA0: 20 54 45 4D 50 45 52 41 54 55 52 45 53 0D 31 33 | TEMPERATURES.13| 00000AB0: 30 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 20 4F 52 20 48 49 47 |0 DEGREES OR HIG| 00000AC0: 48 45 52 2E 20 20 C8 45 41 54 53 54 52 4F 4B 45 |HER. .EATSTROKE| 00000AD0: 0D 48 49 47 48 4C 59 20 4C 49 4B 45 4C 59 20 46 |.HIGHLY LIKELY F| 00000AE0: 4F 52 20 48 49 47 48 20 52 49 53 4B 20 47 52 4F |OR HIGH RISK GRO| 00000AF0: 55 50 53 0D 57 49 54 48 20 43 4F 4E 54 49 4E 55 |UPS.WITH CONTINU| 00000B00: 45 44 20 45 58 50 4F 53 55 52 45 2E 0D 0D C3 C1 |ED EXPOSURE.....| 00000B10: D4 C5 C7 CF D2 D9 20 C9 C9 20 2D 2D 20 31 30 35 |...... .. -- 105| 00000B20: 2D 31 33 30 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 2E 20 20 C8 |-130 DEGREES. .| 00000B30: 45 41 54 0D 43 52 41 4D 50 53 20 41 4E 44 20 48 |EAT.CRAMPS AND H| 00000B40: 45 41 54 20 45 58 41 55 53 54 49 4F 4E 20 4C 49 |EAT EXAUSTION LI| 00000B50: 4B 45 4C 59 2C 0D 48 45 41 54 53 54 52 4F 4B 45 |KELY,.HEATSTROKE| 00000B60: 20 50 4F 53 53 49 42 4C 45 20 57 49 54 48 20 50 | POSSIBLE WITH P| 00000B70: 52 4F 4C 4F 4E 47 45 44 0D 50 48 59 53 49 43 41 |ROLONGED.PHYSICA| 00000B80: 4C 20 45 58 45 52 54 49 4F 4E 2E 0D 0D C3 C1 D4 |L EXERTION......| 00000B90: C5 C7 CF D2 D9 20 C9 C9 C9 20 2D 2D 20 39 30 2D |..... ... -- 90-| 00000BA0: 31 30 35 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 2E 20 20 C8 45 |105 DEGREES. .E| 00000BB0: 41 54 0D 43 52 41 4D 50 53 20 41 4E 44 20 48 45 |AT.CRAMPS AND HE| 00000BC0: 41 54 20 45 58 41 55 53 54 49 4F 4E 20 50 4F 53 |AT EXAUSTION POS| 00000BD0: 53 49 42 4C 45 0D 57 49 54 48 20 50 52 4F 4C 4F |SIBLE.WITH PROLO| 00000BE0: 4E 47 45 44 20 50 48 59 53 49 43 41 4C 20 41 43 |NGED PHYSICAL AC| 00000BF0: 54 49 56 49 54 59 2E 0D 0D C3 C1 D4 C5 C7 CF D2 |TIVITY..........| 00000C00: D9 20 C9 D6 20 2D 2D 20 38 30 2D 39 30 20 44 45 |. .. -- 80-90 DE| 00000C10: 47 52 45 45 53 2E 20 20 C6 41 54 49 47 55 45 0D |GREES. .ATIGUE.| 00000C20: 50 4F 53 53 49 42 4C 45 20 57 49 54 48 20 50 52 |POSSIBLE WITH PR| 00000C30: 4F 4C 4F 4E 47 45 44 20 45 58 50 4F 53 55 52 45 |OLONGED EXPOSURE| 00000C40: 0D 41 4E 44 2F 4F 52 20 50 48 59 53 49 43 41 4C |.AND/OR PHYSICAL| 00000C50: 20 41 43 54 49 56 49 54 59 2E 0D 0D 0D D4 48 45 | ACTIVITY.....HE| 00000C60: 20 D7 49 4E 44 20 C3 48 49 4C 4C 20 C6 41 43 54 | .IND .HILL .ACT| 00000C70: 4F 52 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |OR.-------------| 00000C80: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0D 20 20 D4 48 45 20 |--------.. .HE | 00000C90: 57 49 4E 44 20 43 48 49 4C 4C 20 46 41 43 54 4F |WIND CHILL FACTO| 00000CA0: 52 2C 20 55 4E 4C 49 4B 45 20 4D 4F 53 54 0D 4F |R, UNLIKE MOST.O| 00000CB0: 54 48 45 52 20 57 45 41 54 48 45 52 20 4D 45 41 |THER WEATHER MEA| 00000CC0: 53 55 52 45 4D 45 4E 54 53 2C 20 54 41 4B 45 53 |SUREMENTS, TAKES| 00000CD0: 0D 48 55 4D 41 4E 20 44 49 53 43 4F 4D 46 4F 52 |.HUMAN DISCOMFOR| 00000CE0: 54 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 41 43 43 4F 55 4E 54 2E 20 |T INTO ACCOUNT. | 00000CF0: 20 D7 49 4E 44 0D 43 48 49 4C 4C 20 54 45 4C 4C | .IND.CHILL TELL| 00000D00: 53 20 48 4F 57 20 43 4F 4C 44 20 49 54 20 22 46 |S HOW COLD IT "F| 00000D10: 45 45 4C 53 22 0D 4F 55 54 53 49 44 45 2E 20 D7 |EELS".OUTSIDE. .| 00000D20: 49 4E 44 20 49 4E 43 52 45 41 53 45 53 20 54 48 |IND INCREASES TH| 00000D30: 45 20 52 41 54 45 20 41 54 0D 57 48 49 43 48 20 |E RATE AT.WHICH | 00000D40: 48 45 41 54 20 45 53 43 41 50 45 53 20 54 48 45 |HEAT ESCAPES THE| 00000D50: 20 42 4F 44 59 2E 20 20 C1 53 20 41 0D 52 45 53 | BODY. .S A.RES| 00000D60: 55 4C 54 2C 20 49 46 20 54 48 45 20 54 45 4D 50 |ULT, IF THE TEMP| 00000D70: 45 52 41 54 55 52 45 20 49 53 20 32 30 0D 44 45 |ERATURE IS 20.DE| 00000D80: 47 52 45 45 53 20 C6 41 48 52 45 4E 48 45 49 54 |GREES .AHRENHEIT| 00000D90: 20 41 4E 44 20 41 20 34 30 20 CD D0 C8 20 57 49 | AND A 40 ... WI| 00000DA0: 4E 44 0D 49 53 20 42 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 2C 20 54 |ND.IS BLOWING, T| 00000DB0: 48 45 20 43 4F 4C 44 20 41 20 50 45 52 53 4F 4E |HE COLD A PERSON| 00000DC0: 0D 45 58 50 45 52 49 45 4E 43 45 53 20 49 53 20 |.EXPERIENCES IS | 00000DD0: 45 51 55 49 56 41 4C 45 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 54 48 |EQUIVALENT TO TH| 00000DE0: 45 20 43 4F 4C 44 0D 45 58 50 45 52 49 45 4E 43 |E COLD.EXPERIENC| 00000DF0: 45 44 20 4F 4E 20 41 20 2D 32 31 20 44 45 47 52 |ED ON A -21 DEGR| 00000E00: 45 45 20 44 41 59 20 57 49 54 48 0D 4E 4F 20 57 |EE DAY WITH.NO W| 00000E10: 49 4E 44 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 48 49 47 48 45 52 |IND. .HE HIGHER| 00000E20: 20 54 48 45 20 57 49 4E 44 2C 20 54 48 45 0D 4C | THE WIND, THE.L| 00000E30: 4F 57 45 52 20 54 48 45 20 57 49 4E 44 20 43 48 |OWER THE WIND CH| 00000E40: 49 4C 4C 20 46 41 43 54 4F 52 2E 2E 2E 20 55 50 |ILL FACTOR... UP| 00000E50: 20 54 4F 0D 41 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 2E 20 20 C1 42 | TO.A POINT. .B| 00000E60: 4F 56 45 20 34 30 20 CD D0 C8 2C 20 49 4E 43 52 |OVE 40 ..., INCR| 00000E70: 45 41 53 45 53 20 49 4E 0D 57 49 4E 44 20 53 50 |EASES IN.WIND SP| 00000E80: 45 45 44 20 48 41 56 45 20 4C 49 54 54 4C 45 20 |EED HAVE LITTLE | 00000E90: 41 44 44 49 54 49 4F 4E 41 4C 0D 45 46 46 45 43 |ADDITIONAL.EFFEC| 00000EA0: 54 2E 0D 0D 20 20 C5 51 55 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 |T... .QUATIONS | 00000EB0: 55 53 45 44 20 54 4F 20 44 45 54 45 52 4D 49 4E |USED TO DETERMIN| 00000EC0: 45 20 54 48 45 20 57 49 4E 44 0D 43 48 49 4C 4C |E THE WIND.CHILL| 00000ED0: 20 46 41 43 54 4F 52 20 54 41 4B 45 20 57 49 4E | FACTOR TAKE WIN| 00000EE0: 44 20 53 50 45 45 44 2C 20 41 49 52 0D 41 4E 44 |D SPEED, AIR.AND| 00000EF0: 20 42 4F 44 59 20 54 45 4D 50 45 52 41 54 55 52 | BODY TEMPERATUR| 00000F00: 45 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 4F 54 48 45 52 0D 43 4F 4E |E, AND OTHER.CON| 00000F10: 53 54 41 4E 54 53 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 41 43 43 4F |STANTS INTO ACCO| 00000F20: 55 4E 54 2E 20 20 C2 45 43 41 55 53 45 20 54 48 |UNT. .ECAUSE TH| 00000F30: 45 59 0D 55 53 45 20 53 4F 4D 45 54 49 4D 45 53 |EY.USE SOMETIMES| 00000F40: 20 45 4C 41 42 4F 52 41 54 45 20 22 46 55 44 47 | ELABORATE "FUDG| 00000F50: 45 0D 46 41 43 54 4F 52 53 2C 22 20 53 4F 4D 45 |E.FACTORS," SOME| 00000F60: 20 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C 41 53 20 43 41 4E 20 47 49 | FORMULAS CAN GI| 00000F70: 56 45 0D 53 55 52 50 52 49 53 49 4E 47 20 52 45 |VE.SURPRISING RE| 00000F80: 53 55 4C 54 53 20 57 48 45 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 43 |SULTS WHEN YOU C| 00000F90: 41 4C 43 55 4C 41 54 45 0D 57 49 4E 44 20 43 48 |ALCULATE.WIND CH| 00000FA0: 49 4C 4C 2E 20 20 C1 43 43 4F 52 44 49 4E 47 20 |ILL. .CCORDING | 00000FB0: 54 4F 20 D6 41 4C 27 53 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D |TO .AL'S.PROGRAM| 00000FC0: 2C 20 46 4F 52 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 2C 20 4F |, FOR EXAMPLE, O| 00000FD0: 4E 20 41 20 33 30 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 0D 44 41 |N A 30 DEGREE.DA| 00000FE0: 59 2C 20 49 4E 20 41 20 44 45 41 44 20 43 41 4C |Y, IN A DEAD CAL| 00000FF0: 4D 20 28 57 49 4E 44 3A 20 30 20 CD D0 C8 29 2C |M (WIND: 0 ...),| 00001000: 20 41 0D 50 45 52 53 4F 4E 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 | A.PERSON WOULD | 00001010: 45 58 50 45 52 49 45 4E 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 45 |EXPERIENCE THE E| 00001020: 51 55 49 56 41 4C 45 4E 54 0D 4F 46 20 41 20 32 |QUIVALENT.OF A 2| 00001030: 37 2E 35 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 20 41 49 52 20 54 |7.5 DEGREE AIR T| 00001040: 45 4D 50 45 52 41 54 55 52 45 2E 0D 0D 0D D7 49 |EMPERATURE.....I| 00001050: 4E 44 20 D3 50 45 45 44 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |ND .PEED.-------| 00001060: 2D 2D 2D 0D 0D 20 20 D7 49 4E 44 20 53 50 45 45 |---.. .IND SPEE| 00001070: 44 20 49 53 20 44 45 53 43 52 49 42 45 44 20 49 |D IS DESCRIBED I| 00001080: 4E 20 54 48 52 45 45 0D 57 41 59 53 3A 20 49 4E |N THREE.WAYS: IN| 00001090: 20 4D 49 4C 45 53 20 50 45 52 20 48 4F 55 52 20 | MILES PER HOUR | 000010A0: 28 CD D0 C8 29 2C 0D 4B 49 4C 4F 4D 45 54 45 52 |(...),.KILOMETER| 000010B0: 53 20 50 45 52 20 48 4F 55 52 20 28 CB D0 C8 29 |S PER HOUR (...)| 000010C0: 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 4B 4E 4F 54 53 2E 0D 28 CF 4E |, AND KNOTS..(.N| 000010D0: 45 20 4B 49 4C 4F 4D 45 54 45 52 20 45 51 55 41 |E KILOMETER EQUA| 000010E0: 4C 53 20 41 50 50 52 4F 58 49 4D 41 54 45 4C 59 |LS APPROXIMATELY| 000010F0: 0D 2E 36 32 20 4D 49 4C 45 53 2E 29 0D 0D 20 20 |..62 MILES.).. | 00001100: C1 20 22 4B 4E 4F 54 22 20 49 53 20 4F 4E 45 20 |. "KNOT" IS ONE | 00001110: 4E 41 55 54 49 43 41 4C 20 4D 49 4C 45 20 50 45 |NAUTICAL MILE PE| 00001120: 52 0D 48 4F 55 52 2E 20 20 C1 20 4E 41 55 54 49 |R.HOUR. . NAUTI| 00001130: 43 41 4C 20 4D 49 4C 45 20 49 53 20 44 45 46 49 |CAL MILE IS DEFI| 00001140: 4E 45 44 20 41 53 0D 22 4F 4E 45 20 4D 49 4E 55 |NED AS."ONE MINU| 00001150: 54 45 20 4F 46 20 41 52 43 20 4F 46 20 41 20 47 |TE OF ARC OF A G| 00001160: 52 45 41 54 0D 43 49 52 43 4C 45 2E 22 20 20 28 |REAT.CIRCLE." (| 00001170: C1 20 22 47 52 45 41 54 20 43 49 52 43 4C 45 20 |. "GREAT CIRCLE | 00001180: 43 41 4E 20 42 45 0D 54 48 4F 55 47 48 54 20 4F |CAN BE.THOUGHT O| 00001190: 46 20 41 53 20 54 48 45 20 43 49 52 43 55 4D 46 |F AS THE CIRCUMF| 000011A0: 45 52 45 4E 43 45 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 45 41 |ERENCE OF.THE EA| 000011B0: 52 54 48 2E 29 20 20 C6 4F 52 20 41 4C 4C 20 59 |RTH.) .OR ALL Y| 000011C0: 4F 55 20 4C 41 4E 44 4C 55 42 42 45 52 53 0D 4F |OU LANDLUBBERS.O| 000011D0: 55 54 20 54 48 45 52 45 2C 20 54 48 49 4E 4B 20 |UT THERE, THINK | 000011E0: 4F 46 20 41 20 4E 41 55 54 49 43 41 4C 20 4D 49 |OF A NAUTICAL MI| 000011F0: 4C 45 0D 41 53 20 41 42 4F 55 54 20 31 2E 31 35 |LE.AS ABOUT 1.15| 00001200: 20 53 54 41 54 55 54 45 20 4D 49 4C 45 53 2E 20 | STATUTE MILES. | 00001210: 20 CE 4F 54 45 0D 54 48 41 54 20 49 54 27 53 20 | .OTE.THAT IT'S | 00001220: 52 45 44 55 4E 44 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 53 41 59 |REDUNDANT TO SAY| 00001230: 20 22 4B 4E 4F 54 53 20 50 45 52 0D 48 4F 55 52 | "KNOTS PER.HOUR| 00001240: 2E 22 0D 0D 0D C1 54 4D 4F 53 50 48 45 52 49 43 |."....TMOSPHERIC| 00001250: 20 D0 52 45 53 53 55 52 45 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D | .RESSURE.------| 00001260: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 0D 0D |--------------..| 00001270: 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4D 45 52 43 55 52 59 20 42 41 | .HE MERCURY BA| 00001280: 52 4F 4D 45 54 45 52 2C 20 49 4E 56 45 4E 54 45 |ROMETER, INVENTE| 00001290: 44 20 49 4E 0D 31 36 34 33 2C 20 52 45 56 4F 4C |D IN.1643, REVOL| 000012A0: 55 54 49 4F 4E 49 5A 45 44 20 4D 45 54 45 4F 52 |UTIONIZED METEOR| 000012B0: 4F 4C 4F 47 59 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 0D 46 49 52 53 |OLOGY. .HE.FIRS| 000012C0: 54 20 42 41 52 4F 4D 45 54 45 52 53 20 57 45 52 |T BAROMETERS WER| 000012D0: 45 20 53 49 4D 50 4C 45 3A 20 41 4C 4C 20 54 48 |E SIMPLE: ALL TH| 000012E0: 41 54 0D 57 41 53 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 20 54 4F |AT.WAS NEEDED TO| 000012F0: 20 43 4F 4E 53 54 52 55 43 54 20 4F 4E 45 20 57 | CONSTRUCT ONE W| 00001300: 41 53 20 41 0D 42 4F 57 4C 2C 20 41 20 4C 4F 4E |AS A.BOWL, A LON| 00001310: 47 20 47 4C 41 53 53 20 54 55 42 45 20 57 49 54 |G GLASS TUBE WIT| 00001320: 48 20 4F 4E 45 0D 53 45 41 4C 45 44 20 45 4E 44 |H ONE.SEALED END| 00001330: 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 41 20 4C 4F 54 20 4F 46 20 4D |, AND A LOT OF M| 00001340: 45 52 43 55 52 59 2E 0D D4 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 |ERCURY...HE FIRS| 00001350: 54 20 53 54 45 50 20 57 41 53 20 54 4F 20 46 49 |T STEP WAS TO FI| 00001360: 4C 4C 20 42 4F 54 48 20 54 48 45 0D 42 4F 57 4C |LL BOTH THE.BOWL| 00001370: 20 41 4E 44 20 54 55 42 45 20 57 49 54 48 20 4D | AND TUBE WITH M| 00001380: 45 52 43 55 52 59 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 54 55 42 |ERCURY. .HE TUB| 00001390: 45 0D 57 41 53 20 54 48 45 4E 20 50 4C 41 43 45 |E.WAS THEN PLACE| 000013A0: 44 20 55 50 52 49 47 48 54 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 |D UPRIGHT IN THE| 000013B0: 20 42 4F 57 4C 0D 57 49 54 48 20 49 54 53 20 4F | BOWL.WITH ITS O| 000013C0: 50 45 4E 49 4E 47 20 42 45 4C 4F 57 20 54 48 45 |PENING BELOW THE| 000013D0: 20 53 55 52 46 41 43 45 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 | SURFACE OF.THE | 000013E0: 4D 45 52 43 55 52 59 2E 20 20 28 D4 48 45 20 42 |MERCURY. (.HE B| 000013F0: 55 49 4C 44 45 52 20 48 41 44 20 54 4F 20 42 45 |UILDER HAD TO BE| 00001400: 0D 43 41 52 45 46 55 4C 20 4E 4F 54 20 54 4F 20 |.CAREFUL NOT TO | 00001410: 4C 45 54 20 41 4E 59 20 41 49 52 20 53 45 45 50 |LET ANY AIR SEEP| 00001420: 20 49 4E 54 4F 0D 54 48 45 20 54 55 42 45 20 41 | INTO.THE TUBE A| 00001430: 53 20 49 54 20 57 41 53 20 50 4C 41 43 45 44 20 |S IT WAS PLACED | 00001440: 49 4E 0D 50 4F 53 49 54 49 4F 4E 2E 29 0D 0D 20 |IN.POSITION.).. | 00001450: 20 D7 48 45 4E 20 54 48 45 20 45 58 50 45 52 49 | .HEN THE EXPERI| 00001460: 4D 45 4E 54 45 52 20 53 54 45 50 50 45 44 20 42 |MENTER STEPPED B| 00001470: 41 43 4B 0D 46 52 4F 4D 20 48 49 53 20 43 52 45 |ACK.FROM HIS CRE| 00001480: 41 54 49 4F 4E 2C 20 48 45 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 |ATION, HE WOULD | 00001490: 4E 4F 54 49 43 45 0D 54 48 41 54 20 4E 4F 54 20 |NOTICE.THAT NOT | 000014A0: 41 4C 4C 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 4D 45 52 43 55 |ALL OF THE MERCU| 000014B0: 52 59 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 54 55 42 45 20 46 |RY IN THE.TUBE F| 000014C0: 4C 4F 57 45 44 20 42 41 43 4B 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 |LOWED BACK INTO | 000014D0: 54 48 45 20 42 4F 57 4C 3B 20 41 0D 43 4F 4C 55 |THE BOWL; A.COLU| 000014E0: 4D 4E 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 52 43 55 52 59 20 52 45 |MN OF MERCURY RE| 000014F0: 4D 41 49 4E 45 44 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 54 55 |MAINED IN THE.TU| 00001500: 42 45 2E 20 20 D7 48 41 54 20 4B 45 50 54 20 49 |BE. .HAT KEPT I| 00001510: 54 20 54 48 45 52 45 3F 20 20 C1 49 52 0D 50 52 |T THERE? .IR.PR| 00001520: 45 53 53 55 52 45 2C 20 50 55 53 48 49 4E 47 20 |ESSURE, PUSHING | 00001530: 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 4D 45 52 43 55 52 59 20 49 |ON THE MERCURY I| 00001540: 4E 0D 54 48 45 20 42 4F 57 4C 2E 0D 0D 20 20 D7 |N.THE BOWL... .| 00001550: 48 45 4E 20 53 43 49 45 4E 54 49 53 54 53 20 4D |HEN SCIENTISTS M| 00001560: 45 41 53 55 52 45 44 20 54 48 45 20 48 45 49 47 |EASURED THE HEIG| 00001570: 48 54 0D 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 4D 45 52 43 55 52 |HT.OF THE MERCUR| 00001580: 59 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 2C 20 54 48 45 59 20 4E |Y COLUMN, THEY N| 00001590: 4F 54 49 43 45 44 0D 54 48 41 54 20 49 54 53 20 |OTICED.THAT ITS | 000015A0: 48 45 49 47 48 54 20 28 41 4E 44 20 54 48 55 53 |HEIGHT (AND THUS| 000015B0: 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 0D 50 52 45 53 53 55 52 | THE AIR.PRESSUR| 000015C0: 45 29 20 56 41 52 49 45 44 20 44 41 59 20 54 4F |E) VARIED DAY TO| 000015D0: 20 44 41 59 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 53 45 0D 46 4C 55 | DAY. .HESE.FLU| 000015E0: 43 54 55 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 49 4E 20 54 55 52 |CTUATIONS IN TUR| 000015F0: 4E 20 57 45 52 45 20 54 49 45 44 20 54 4F 0D 43 |N WERE TIED TO.C| 00001600: 48 41 4E 47 45 53 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 57 45 |HANGES IN THE WE| 00001610: 41 54 48 45 52 2E 0D 0D 20 20 D4 4F 44 41 59 2C |ATHER... .ODAY,| 00001620: 20 57 48 49 4C 45 20 4D 45 54 45 4F 52 4F 4C 4F | WHILE METEOROLO| 00001630: 47 49 53 54 53 20 48 41 56 45 0D 52 45 50 4C 41 |GISTS HAVE.REPLA| 00001640: 43 45 44 20 4D 45 52 43 55 52 59 20 42 41 52 4F |CED MERCURY BARO| 00001650: 4D 45 54 45 52 53 20 57 49 54 48 20 4D 4F 52 45 |METERS WITH MORE| 00001660: 0D 53 45 4E 53 49 54 49 56 45 20 49 4E 53 54 52 |.SENSITIVE INSTR| 00001670: 55 4D 45 4E 54 53 2C 20 41 49 52 20 50 52 45 53 |UMENTS, AIR PRES| 00001680: 53 55 52 45 0D 52 45 41 44 49 4E 47 53 20 41 52 |SURE.READINGS AR| 00001690: 45 20 4F 46 54 45 4E 20 47 49 56 45 4E 20 49 4E |E OFTEN GIVEN IN| 000016A0: 20 22 49 4E 43 48 45 53 0D 4F 46 20 4D 45 52 43 | "INCHES.OF MERC| 000016B0: 55 52 59 2C 22 20 49 2E 45 2E 20 54 48 45 20 48 |URY," I.E. THE H| 000016C0: 45 49 47 48 54 20 4F 46 20 41 0D 43 4F 4C 55 4D |EIGHT OF A.COLUM| 000016D0: 4E 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 52 43 55 52 59 20 42 41 4C |N OF MERCURY BAL| 000016E0: 41 4E 43 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 |ANCED BY THE AIR| 000016F0: 0D 50 52 45 53 53 55 52 45 2E 20 20 CD 45 54 45 |.PRESSURE. .ETE| 00001700: 4F 52 4F 4C 4F 47 49 53 54 53 20 41 4C 53 4F 0D |OROLOGISTS ALSO.| 00001710: 44 45 53 43 52 49 42 45 44 20 42 41 52 4F 4D 45 |DESCRIBED BAROME| 00001720: 54 52 49 43 20 50 52 45 53 53 55 52 45 20 49 4E |TRIC PRESSURE IN| 00001730: 0D 22 4D 49 4C 4C 49 42 41 52 53 2E 22 20 CF 4E |."MILLIBARS." .N| 00001740: 45 20 54 48 4F 55 53 41 4E 44 20 4D 49 4C 4C 49 |E THOUSAND MILLI| 00001750: 42 41 52 53 0D 4D 41 4B 45 20 4F 4E 45 20 22 42 |BARS.MAKE ONE "B| 00001760: 41 52 2C 22 20 54 48 45 20 4D 45 54 52 49 43 0D |AR," THE METRIC.| 00001770: 4D 45 41 53 55 52 45 4D 45 4E 54 20 46 4F 52 20 |MEASUREMENT FOR | 00001780: 41 54 4D 4F 53 50 48 45 52 49 43 20 50 52 45 53 |ATMOSPHERIC PRES| 00001790: 53 55 52 45 2E 0D C1 20 42 41 52 20 49 53 20 45 |SURE... BAR IS E| 000017A0: 51 55 41 4C 20 32 39 2E 35 33 20 49 4E 43 48 45 |QUAL 29.53 INCHE| 000017B0: 53 2C 20 4F 52 0D 37 35 30 2E 30 36 32 20 4D 49 |S, OR.750.062 MI| 000017C0: 4C 4C 49 4D 45 54 45 52 53 20 4F 46 20 4D 45 52 |LLIMETERS OF MER| 000017D0: 43 55 52 59 2E 0D 0D 20 20 CF 4E 45 20 22 41 54 |CURY... .NE "AT| 000017E0: 4D 4F 53 50 48 45 52 45 2C 22 20 54 48 45 20 53 |MOSPHERE," THE S| 000017F0: 54 41 4E 44 41 52 44 0D 41 54 4D 4F 53 50 48 45 |TANDARD.ATMOSPHE| 00001800: 52 49 43 20 50 52 45 53 53 55 52 45 2C 20 49 53 |RIC PRESSURE, IS| 00001810: 20 47 49 56 45 4E 20 41 53 20 37 36 30 0D 4D 49 | GIVEN AS 760.MI| 00001820: 4C 4C 49 4D 45 54 45 52 53 2C 20 4F 52 20 32 39 |LLIMETERS, OR 29| 00001830: 2E 39 32 20 49 4E 43 48 45 53 2C 20 4F 46 0D 4D |.92 INCHES, OF.M| 00001840: 45 52 43 55 52 59 2E 20 20 CF 4E 45 20 41 54 4D |ERCURY. .NE ATM| 00001850: 4F 53 50 48 45 52 45 20 45 51 55 41 4C 53 20 31 |OSPHERE EQUALS 1| 00001860: 30 31 33 0D 4D 49 4C 4C 49 42 41 52 53 2E 0D 0D |013.MILLIBARS...| 00001870: 0D C6 4F 52 20 CD 4F 52 45 20 C9 4E 46 4F 52 4D |..OR .ORE .NFORM| 00001880: 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 2E 2E 0D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |ATION....-------| 00001890: 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D |----------------| 000018A0: 0D 0D 20 20 D9 4F 55 52 20 4C 4F 43 41 4C 20 50 |.. .OUR LOCAL P| 000018B0: 55 42 4C 49 43 20 4C 49 42 52 41 52 59 20 53 48 |UBLIC LIBRARY SH| 000018C0: 4F 55 4C 44 0D 48 41 56 45 20 53 45 56 45 52 41 |OULD.HAVE SEVERA| 000018D0: 4C 20 42 4F 4F 4B 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 49 4E 54 |L BOOKS THAT INT| 000018E0: 52 4F 44 55 43 45 20 54 48 45 0D 42 41 53 49 43 |RODUCE THE.BASIC| 000018F0: 53 20 4F 46 20 57 45 41 54 48 45 52 20 41 4E 44 |S OF WEATHER AND| 00001900: 20 4D 45 54 45 4F 52 4F 4C 4F 47 59 2E 0D C6 4F | METEOROLOGY...O| 00001910: 52 20 41 20 43 4F 4D 50 52 45 48 45 4E 53 49 56 |R A COMPREHENSIV| 00001920: 45 2C 20 57 45 4C 4C 2D 49 4C 4C 55 53 54 52 41 |E, WELL-ILLUSTRA| 00001930: 54 45 44 0D 54 45 58 54 2C 20 57 45 20 52 45 43 |TED.TEXT, WE REC| 00001940: 4F 4D 4D 45 4E 44 20 D4 C8 C5 20 D7 C5 C1 D4 C8 |OMMEND ... .....| 00001950: C5 D2 0D C2 CF CF CB 2C 20 42 59 20 D2 41 4C 50 |......., BY .ALP| 00001960: 48 20 C8 41 52 44 59 2C 20 45 54 20 41 4C 2C 20 |H .ARDY, ET AL, | 00001970: 46 52 4F 4D 0D CC 49 54 54 4C 45 2C 20 C2 52 4F |FROM..ITTLE, .RO| 00001980: 57 4E 20 28 31 39 38 32 29 2E 0D 0D 0D C4 C9 D3 |WN (1982).......| 00001990: CB 20 C6 C9 CC C5 D3 20 D4 C8 C9 D3 20 D0 D2 CF |. ..... .... ...| 000019A0: C7 D2 C1 CD 20 D5 D3 C5 D3 0D 0D D7 C5 C1 D4 C8 |.... ...........| 000019B0: C5 D2 20 C3 CF CE D6 C5 D2 D3 C9 20 20 D4 2E D7 |.. ........ ...| 000019C0: C5 C1 D4 C8 C5 D2 20 C3 CF CE D6 C5 D2 0D 0D 20 |...... ........ | 000019D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 20 C5 4E 44 20 | **** .ND | 000019E0: CF 46 20 D4 45 58 54 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 0D |.F .EXT ****. |
.... WEATHER CONVERSION ROUTINES.
BY. VAL J. GO
LDING... WEATHER CONVERSION ROUTINES CA
N.CONVERT BETWEEN THREE MAJOR.TEMPERATUR
E SCALES AND BETWEEN THE.THREE UNITS USE
D TO MEASURE WIND SPEED.AS WELL AS CALCU
LATE WIND CHILL AND.THE HEAT INDEX. IN
ADDITION, THE.PROGRAM CONVERTS BETWEEN T
HE TWO UNITS.USED TO DESCRIBE ATMOSPHERI
C PRESSURE... SINCE METEOROLOGISTS OFTE
N USE UN-.FAMILIAR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
WHEN.THEY DESCRIBE THE WEATHER, THE FOLL
OW-.ING EXPLANATIONS MAY BE OF HELP...TE
MPERATURE.-----------.. THERE ARE THREE
WIDELY USED.TEMPERATURE SCALES: FAHRENH
EIT,.CELSIUS (OR CENTIGRADE), AND KELVIN
... AMERICANS ARE MOST FAMILIAR WITH TH
E."FAHRENHEIT" SCALE, NAMED FOR GABRIEL.
FAHRENHEIT, THE 18TH CENTURY GERMAN.PHYS
ICIST WHO DEVELOPED IT... IN COUNTRIES
OTHER THAN THE UNITED.STATES AND IN ALL
SCIENTIFIC WORK, THE."CELSIUS" SCALE IS
USED. INVENTED IN.1742 BY THE SWEDISH A
STRONOMER ANDERS.CELSIUS, THE SCALE USES
0 DEGREES, THE.FREEZING POINT OF WATER,
AND 100.DEGREES, THE BOILING POINT OF W
ATER,.AS ITS BASE POINTS. BECAUSE OF TH
E.100 DEGREE INTERVAL BETWEEN THE TWO.BA
SE POINTS, THIS SCALE IS ALSO KNOWN.AS T
HE "CENTIGRADE" SCALE. THE.EQUATION USE
D TO CONVERT FAHRENHEIT.(F) TO CELSIUS (
C) IS: C=5/9(F-32)..WHEN CELSIUS IS CONV
ERTED TO.FAHRENHEIT, THE EQUATION IS:.F=
1.8(C+32)... THE THIRD SCALE, THE "KELV
IN".SCALE, IS USED MORE BY CHEMISTS AND.
PHYSICISTS THAN BY METEOROLOGISTS..WHY W
AS IT DEVELOPED? AS WE'VE SEEN,.BOTH TH
E FAHRENHEIT AND CELSIUS.SCALES USE THE
PROPERTIES OF WATER TO.FIX THEIR BASE PO
INTS; SCIENTISTS.SOON FOUND THAT THEY NE
EDED A.FUNDAMENTAL SCALE INDEPENDENT OF
THE.PROPERTIES OF ANY ONE SUBSTANCE. IN
.1848, THE BRITISH PHYSICIST WILLIAM.THO
MSON (LORD KELVIN) BASED HIS.TEMPERATURE
SCALE ON THE THEORETICAL."ABSOLUTE ZERO
" (-273.15 CELSIUS)..(A SUBSTANCE AT ZER
O DEGREES KELVIN.WOULD HAVE NO THERMAL E
NERGY; ITS.MOLECULES WOULD NOT MOVE.) T
HE.EQUATION USED TO CONVERT DEGREES.CELS
IUS (C) TO DEGREES KELVIN (K) IS:.K = C
+ 273.15....THE HEAT INDEX.-------------
-.. AS ANYONE WHO HAS EVER ENDURED A.SW
ELTERING SUMMER IN THE SOUTH KNOWS,.A TH
ERMOMETER READING DOESN'T ALWAYS.TELL TH
E WHOLE STORY. THE 95 DEGREE.DAY WITH 8
5% HUMIDITY YOU MIGHT.EXPERIENCE IN NEW
ORLEANS WILL TAKE A.MUCH GREATER PHYSICA
L TOLL THAN A 95.DEGREE DAY WITH LOW HUM
IDITY THAT YOU.MIGHT FIND IN PHOENIX...
RECENTLY, THE WEATHER SERVICE HAS.DEVEL
OPED A "HEAT INDEX" WHICH USES A.COMPLIC
ATED EQUATION TO CALCULATE.APPARENT TEMP
ERATURE. ONLY TWO.VARIABLES ARE NEEDED
TO CALCULATE IT.THOUGH: DEGREES FAHRENHE
IT AND PERCENT.RELATIVE HUMIDITY... THE
WEATHER SERVICE RATES HOT.WEATHER IN FO
UR CATEGORIES, DEPENDING.ON THE HEAT IND
EX FOR THAT DAY:..CATEGORY I -- APPARENT
TEMPERATURES.130 DEGREES OR HIGHER. HE
ATSTROKE.HIGHLY LIKELY FOR HIGH RISK GRO
UPS.WITH CONTINUED EXPOSURE...CATEGORY I
I -- 105-130 DEGREES. HEAT.CRAMPS AND H
EAT EXAUSTION LIKELY,.HEATSTROKE POSSIBL
E WITH PROLONGED.PHYSICAL EXERTION...CAT
EGORY III -- 90-105 DEGREES. HEAT.CRAMP
S AND HEAT EXAUSTION POSSIBLE.WITH PROLO
NGED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY...CATEGORY IV --
80-90 DEGREES. FATIGUE.POSSIBLE WITH PR
OLONGED EXPOSURE.AND/OR PHYSICAL ACTIVIT
Y....THE WIND CHILL FACTOR.-------------
--------.. THE WIND CHILL FACTOR, UNLIK
E MOST.OTHER WEATHER MEASUREMENTS, TAKES
.HUMAN DISCOMFORT INTO ACCOUNT. WIND.CH
ILL TELLS HOW COLD IT "FEELS".OUTSIDE. W
IND INCREASES THE RATE AT.WHICH HEAT ESC
APES THE BODY. AS A.RESULT, IF THE TEMP
ERATURE IS 20.DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND A 4
0 MPH WIND.IS BLOWING, THE COLD A PERSON
.EXPERIENCES IS EQUIVALENT TO THE COLD.E
XPERIENCED ON A -21 DEGREE DAY WITH.NO W
IND. THE HIGHER THE WIND, THE.LOWER THE
WIND CHILL FACTOR... UP TO.A POINT. AB
OVE 40 MPH, INCREASES IN.WIND SPEED HAVE
LITTLE ADDITIONAL.EFFECT... EQUATIONS
USED TO DETERMINE THE WIND.CHILL FACTOR
TAKE WIND SPEED, AIR.AND BODY TEMPERATUR
E, AND OTHER.CONSTANTS INTO ACCOUNT. BE
CAUSE THEY.USE SOMETIMES ELABORATE "FUDG
E.FACTORS," SOME FORMULAS CAN GIVE.SURPR
ISING RESULTS WHEN YOU CALCULATE.WIND CH
ILL. ACCORDING TO VAL'S.PROGRAM, FOR EX
AMPLE, ON A 30 DEGREE.DAY, IN A DEAD CAL
M (WIND: 0 MPH), A.PERSON WOULD EXPERIEN
CE THE EQUIVALENT.OF A 27.5 DEGREE AIR T
EMPERATURE....WIND SPEED.----------.. W
IND SPEED IS DESCRIBED IN THREE.WAYS: IN
MILES PER HOUR (MPH),.KILOMETERS PER HO
UR (KPH), AND KNOTS..(ONE KILOMETER EQUA
LS APPROXIMATELY..62 MILES.).. A "KNOT"
IS ONE NAUTICAL MILE PER.HOUR. A NAUTI
CAL MILE IS DEFINED AS."ONE MINUTE OF AR
C OF A GREAT.CIRCLE." (A "GREAT CIRCLE
CAN BE.THOUGHT OF AS THE CIRCUMFERENCE O
F.THE EARTH.) FOR ALL YOU LANDLUBBERS.O
UT THERE, THINK OF A NAUTICAL MILE.AS AB
OUT 1.15 STATUTE MILES. NOTE.THAT IT'S
REDUNDANT TO SAY "KNOTS PER.HOUR."...ATM
OSPHERIC PRESSURE.--------------------..
THE MERCURY BAROMETER, INVENTED IN.164
3, REVOLUTIONIZED METEOROLOGY. THE.FIRS
T BAROMETERS WERE SIMPLE: ALL THAT.WAS N
EEDED TO CONSTRUCT ONE WAS A.BOWL, A LON
G GLASS TUBE WITH ONE.SEALED END, AND A
LOT OF MERCURY..THE FIRST STEP WAS TO FI
LL BOTH THE.BOWL AND TUBE WITH MERCURY.
THE TUBE.WAS THEN PLACED UPRIGHT IN THE
BOWL.WITH ITS OPENING BELOW THE SURFACE
OF.THE MERCURY. (THE BUILDER HAD TO BE
.CAREFUL NOT TO LET ANY AIR SEEP INTO.TH
E TUBE AS IT WAS PLACED IN.POSITION.)..
WHEN THE EXPERIMENTER STEPPED BACK.FROM
HIS CREATION, HE WOULD NOTICE.THAT NOT
ALL OF THE MERCURY IN THE.TUBE FLOWED BA
CK INTO THE BOWL; A.COLUMN OF MERCURY RE
MAINED IN THE.TUBE. WHAT KEPT IT THERE?
AIR.PRESSURE, PUSHING ON THE MERCURY I
N.THE BOWL... WHEN SCIENTISTS MEASURED
THE HEIGHT.OF THE MERCURY COLUMN, THEY N
OTICED.THAT ITS HEIGHT (AND THUS THE AIR
.PRESSURE) VARIED DAY TO DAY. THESE.FLU
CTUATIONS IN TURN WERE TIED TO.CHANGES I
N THE WEATHER... TODAY, WHILE METEOROLO
GISTS HAVE.REPLACED MERCURY BAROMETERS W
ITH MORE.SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS, AIR PRES
SURE.READINGS ARE OFTEN GIVEN IN "INCHES
.OF MERCURY," I.E. THE HEIGHT OF A.COLUM
N OF MERCURY BALANCED BY THE AIR.PRESSUR
E. METEOROLOGISTS ALSO.DESCRIBED BAROME
TRIC PRESSURE IN."MILLIBARS." ONE THOUSA
ND MILLIBARS.MAKE ONE "BAR," THE METRIC.
MEASUREMENT FOR ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE..A
BAR IS EQUAL 29.53 INCHES, OR.750.062 MI
LLIMETERS OF MERCURY... ONE "ATMOSPHERE
," THE STANDARD.ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, IS
GIVEN AS 760.MILLIMETERS, OR 29.92 INCH
ES, OF.MERCURY. ONE ATMOSPHERE EQUALS 1
013.MILLIBARS....FOR MORE INFORMATION...
.-----------------------.. YOUR LOCAL P
UBLIC LIBRARY SHOULD.HAVE SEVERAL BOOKS
THAT INTRODUCE THE.BASICS OF WEATHER AND
METEOROLOGY..FOR A COMPREHENSIVE, WELL-
ILLUSTRATED.TEXT, WE RECOMMEND THE WEATH
ER.BOOK, BY RALPH HARDY, ET AL, FROM.LIT
TLE, BROWN (1982)....DISK FILES THIS PRO
GRAM USES..WEATHER CONVERSI T.WEATHER C
ONVER.. **** END OF TEXT ****.
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