DOC.ULTRAHI1.0
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): DOC.ULTRAHI1.0
FILE TYPE(S): SEQ
FILE SIZE: 17.8K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-10-20 14:29:49
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
d5b34c96fd92f9eeea624eb5c7c7f61d8e356f6994caf9b57384cfe6220caab1
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UH SYSTEM DISK | DOC.ULTRAHI1.0 | SEQ | Treasure Chest - Klaus Der Suhler | 25 | 1 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 20 20 D5 4C 54 52 41 20 C8 49 52 45 53 20 C7 52 | .LTRA .IRES .R| 00000010: 41 50 48 49 43 53 20 31 2E 30 0D 20 20 C1 50 50 |APHICS 1.0. .PP| 00000020: 45 41 52 45 44 20 49 4E 20 D2 D5 CE 20 CD 41 47 |EARED IN ... .AG| 00000030: 41 5A 49 4E 45 2C 20 C6 45 42 52 55 41 52 59 20 |AZINE, .EBRUARY | 00000040: 31 39 38 36 0D 0D 20 20 C2 59 20 CC 4F 55 49 53 |1986.. .Y .OUIS| 00000050: 20 D7 41 4C 4C 41 43 45 20 41 4E 44 20 C4 41 56 | .ALLACE AND .AV| 00000060: 49 44 20 C4 41 52 55 53 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ID .ARUS. | 00000070: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000080: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000090: 20 20 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 C3 31 32 38 20 43 | .HE .128 C| 000000A0: 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 20 49 53 20 57 49 54 48 4F |OMPUTER IS WITHO| 000000B0: 55 54 20 44 4F 55 42 54 20 41 20 52 45 4D 41 52 |UT DOUBT A REMAR| 000000C0: 4B 41 42 4C 45 20 4D 41 43 48 49 4E 45 2E 20 20 |KABLE MACHINE. | 000000D0: C9 54 20 43 4F 4E 54 41 49 4E 53 20 4F 4E 45 20 |.T CONTAINS ONE | 000000E0: 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 42 45 53 54 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 |OF THE BEST ....| 000000F0: C3 20 4C 41 4E 47 55 41 47 45 53 20 45 56 45 52 |. LANGUAGES EVER| 00000100: 20 49 4E 43 4C 55 44 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 20 41 | INCLUDED WITH A| 00000110: 20 4D 49 43 52 4F 2C 20 48 41 53 20 31 32 38 CB | MICRO, HAS 128.| 00000120: 20 D2 C1 CD 20 41 4E 44 20 49 53 20 45 58 50 41 | ... AND IS EXPA| 00000130: 4E 44 41 42 4C 45 2C 20 53 55 50 50 4F 52 54 53 |NDABLE, SUPPORTS| 00000140: 20 48 49 52 45 53 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 53 20 | HIRES GRAPHICS | 00000150: 49 4E 20 43 4F 4D 50 4F 53 49 54 45 20 4D 4F 44 |IN COMPOSITE MOD| 00000160: 45 2C 20 43 4F 4E 54 41 49 4E 53 20 42 4F 54 48 |E, CONTAINS BOTH| 00000170: 20 41 20 57 4F 52 4B 49 4E 47 20 C3 36 34 20 41 | A WORKING .64 A| 00000180: 4E 44 20 41 20 DA 2D 38 30 20 C3 D0 2F CD 20 43 |ND A .-80 ../. C| 00000190: 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 2C 20 48 41 53 20 41 20 47 |OMPUTER, HAS A G| 000001A0: 52 45 41 54 20 4B 45 59 42 4F 41 52 44 20 41 4E |REAT KEYBOARD AN| 000001B0: 44 20 41 20 42 45 41 55 54 49 46 55 4C 20 38 30 |D A BEAUTIFUL 80| 000001C0: 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 44 49 53 50 4C 41 59 2E | COLUMN DISPLAY.| 000001D0: 20 20 C1 4E 44 20 50 45 52 48 41 50 53 20 42 45 | .ND PERHAPS BE| 000001E0: 53 54 20 4F 46 20 41 4C 4C 20 49 54 20 49 53 20 |ST OF ALL IT IS | 000001F0: 49 4E 45 58 50 45 4E 53 49 56 45 21 20 20 D7 48 |INEXPENSIVE! .H| 00000200: 41 54 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 43 4F 55 4C 44 20 59 4F |AT MORE COULD YO| 00000210: 55 20 57 41 4E 54 3F 0D 20 20 20 20 D7 45 4C 4C |U WANT?. .ELL| 00000220: 2C 20 4F 4E 45 20 54 48 49 4E 47 20 C9 20 41 4C |, ONE THING . AL| 00000230: 57 41 59 53 20 57 41 4E 54 20 49 53 20 48 49 47 |WAYS WANT IS HIG| 00000240: 48 45 52 20 52 45 53 4F 4C 55 54 49 4F 4E 20 47 |HER RESOLUTION G| 00000250: 52 41 50 48 49 43 20 44 49 53 50 4C 41 59 53 2E |RAPHIC DISPLAYS.| 00000260: 20 20 C1 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 38 30 20 43 4F 4C | .ND THE 80 COL| 00000270: 55 4D 4E 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 |UMN SCREEN ON TH| 00000280: 45 20 C3 31 32 38 20 57 41 53 20 41 20 57 45 4C |E .128 WAS A WEL| 00000290: 43 4F 4D 45 20 42 4C 45 53 53 49 4E 47 20 54 4F |COME BLESSING TO| 000002A0: 20 4D 41 4E 59 20 4F 46 20 55 53 20 57 48 4F 20 | MANY OF US WHO | 000002B0: 46 49 4E 44 20 34 30 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 53 20 |FIND 40 COLUMNS | 000002C0: 41 20 4C 49 4D 49 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 2C 20 42 55 |A LIMITATION, BU| 000002D0: 54 20 53 54 49 4C 4C 20 50 52 45 46 45 52 20 C3 |T STILL PREFER .| 000002E0: 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 |OMMODORE COMPUTE| 000002F0: 52 53 20 4F 56 45 52 20 4F 54 48 45 52 53 2E 20 |RS OVER OTHERS. | 00000300: 20 D4 48 49 53 20 4E 45 57 20 38 30 20 43 4F 4C | .HIS NEW 80 COL| 00000310: 55 4D 4E 20 43 41 50 41 42 49 4C 49 54 59 20 49 |UMN CAPABILITY I| 00000320: 53 20 4D 41 44 45 20 50 4F 53 53 49 42 4C 45 20 |S MADE POSSIBLE | 00000330: 42 59 20 41 20 53 45 43 4F 4E 44 20 47 52 41 50 |BY A SECOND GRAP| 00000340: 48 49 43 53 20 43 48 49 50 2C 20 54 48 45 20 38 |HICS CHIP, THE 8| 00000350: 35 36 33 2E 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 41 20 |563. .HIS IS A | 00000360: 56 45 52 59 20 50 4F 57 45 52 46 55 4C 20 44 45 |VERY POWERFUL DE| 00000370: 56 49 43 45 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 49 54 20 4D 41 4B |VICE, AND IT MAK| 00000380: 45 53 20 50 4F 53 53 49 42 4C 45 20 54 48 45 20 |ES POSSIBLE THE | 00000390: 43 52 49 53 50 2C 20 43 4C 45 41 52 20 43 4F 4C |CRISP, CLEAR COL| 000003A0: 4F 52 20 54 45 58 54 20 54 48 45 20 C3 31 32 38 |OR TEXT THE .128| 000003B0: 20 4D 41 4B 45 53 20 49 4E 20 38 30 20 43 4F 4C | MAKES IN 80 COL| 000003C0: 55 4D 4E 20 4D 4F 44 45 2E 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 |UMN MODE.. .H| 000003D0: 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 50 52 45 53 45 4E 54 4C 59 |ERE IS PRESENTLY| 000003E0: 20 41 20 43 4C 4F 55 44 20 4F 46 20 4D 59 53 54 | A CLOUD OF MYST| 000003F0: 45 52 59 20 53 55 52 52 4F 55 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 |ERY SURROUNDING | 00000400: 54 48 45 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 20 43 41 50 41 |THE GRAPHIC CAPA| 00000410: 42 49 4C 49 54 49 45 53 20 4F 46 20 54 48 49 53 |BILITIES OF THIS| 00000420: 20 4E 45 57 20 41 44 44 49 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 4F | NEW ADDITION TO| 00000430: 20 54 48 45 20 C3 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 43 | THE .OMMODORE C| 00000440: 4F 4D 50 55 54 45 52 20 46 41 4D 49 4C 59 2C 20 |OMPUTER FAMILY, | 00000450: 41 4E 44 20 C9 20 48 4F 50 45 20 54 48 49 53 20 |AND . HOPE THIS | 00000460: 41 52 54 49 43 4C 45 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 47 4F 20 |ARTICLE WILL GO | 00000470: 46 41 52 20 54 4F 57 41 52 44 20 44 49 53 50 45 |FAR TOWARD DISPE| 00000480: 4C 4C 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 51 55 45 53 54 49 |LLING THE QUESTI| 00000490: 4F 4E 53 20 C9 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 4D 41 4E 59 20 |ONS . KNOW MANY | 000004A0: 4F 46 20 59 4F 55 20 48 41 56 45 2E 0D 20 20 20 |OF YOU HAVE.. | 000004B0: 20 C6 49 52 53 54 20 41 4E 44 20 46 4F 52 45 4D | .IRST AND FOREM| 000004C0: 4F 53 54 20 54 48 45 20 51 55 45 53 54 49 4F 4E |OST THE QUESTION| 000004D0: 20 41 52 49 53 45 53 20 41 42 4F 55 54 20 42 49 | ARISES ABOUT BI| 000004E0: 54 4D 41 50 50 49 4E 47 20 28 48 49 52 45 53 20 |TMAPPING (HIRES | 000004F0: 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 53 29 2E 20 20 D3 49 4E 43 |GRAPHICS). .INC| 00000500: 45 20 54 48 45 20 38 30 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 |E THE 80 COLUMN | 00000510: 54 45 58 54 20 49 53 20 4D 41 44 45 20 50 4F 53 |TEXT IS MADE POS| 00000520: 53 49 42 4C 45 20 42 59 20 41 20 52 45 53 4F 4C |SIBLE BY A RESOL| 00000530: 55 54 49 4F 4E 20 4F 46 20 36 34 30 20 D8 20 32 |UTION OF 640 . 2| 00000540: 30 30 2C 20 4D 41 4E 59 20 4F 46 20 55 53 20 48 |00, MANY OF US H| 00000550: 4F 50 45 44 20 57 45 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 42 45 |OPED WE WOULD BE| 00000560: 20 41 42 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 41 | ABLE TO USE THA| 00000570: 54 20 46 4F 52 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 53 2E 20 |T FOR GRAPHICS. | 00000580: 20 C8 4F 57 45 56 45 52 2C 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 | .OWEVER, ..... | 00000590: 37 2E 30 20 43 4F 4E 54 41 49 4E 53 20 4E 4F 20 |7.0 CONTAINS NO | 000005A0: 50 52 4F 56 49 53 49 4F 4E 20 46 4F 52 20 48 49 |PROVISION FOR HI| 000005B0: 47 48 20 52 45 53 4F 4C 55 54 49 4F 4E 20 47 52 |GH RESOLUTION GR| 000005C0: 41 50 48 49 43 53 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 38 30 |APHICS OF THE 80| 000005D0: 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 44 49 53 50 4C 41 59 2E | COLUMN DISPLAY.| 000005E0: 20 20 D7 45 20 57 45 52 45 20 54 4F 4C 44 20 4F | .E WERE TOLD O| 000005F0: 52 49 47 49 4E 41 4C 4C 59 20 54 48 41 54 20 57 |RIGINALLY THAT W| 00000600: 45 20 4D 49 47 48 54 20 42 45 20 41 42 4C 45 20 |E MIGHT BE ABLE | 00000610: 54 4F 20 44 4F 20 53 4F 4D 45 20 45 4C 45 4D 45 |TO DO SOME ELEME| 00000620: 4E 54 41 52 59 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 53 20 56 |NTARY GRAPHICS V| 00000630: 49 41 20 43 55 53 54 4F 4D 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 |IA CUSTOM CHARAC| 00000640: 54 45 52 53 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 38 30 20 43 |TERS ON THE 80 C| 00000650: 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2C 20 42 55 |OLUMN SCREEN, BU| 00000660: 54 20 4E 4F 54 20 54 52 55 45 20 48 49 52 45 53 |T NOT TRUE HIRES| 00000670: 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 53 2E 20 20 C1 4E 44 20 | GRAPHICS. .ND | 00000680: 54 48 45 20 54 45 43 48 4E 49 43 41 4C 20 53 50 |THE TECHNICAL SP| 00000690: 45 43 49 46 49 43 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 46 4F 52 |ECIFICATIONS FOR| 000006A0: 20 54 48 45 20 38 35 36 33 20 53 54 41 54 45 20 | THE 8563 STATE | 000006B0: 49 54 20 48 41 53 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 4C 49 4D 49 |IT HAS ONLY LIMI| 000006C0: 54 45 44 20 42 49 54 4D 41 50 50 49 4E 47 20 43 |TED BITMAPPING C| 000006D0: 41 50 41 42 49 4C 49 54 49 45 53 2E 20 20 D4 48 |APABILITIES. .H| 000006E0: 49 53 20 47 4F 54 20 55 53 20 49 4E 54 45 52 45 |IS GOT US INTERE| 000006F0: 53 54 45 44 20 49 4E 20 53 45 45 49 4E 47 20 4A |STED IN SEEING J| 00000700: 55 53 54 20 48 4F 57 20 4C 49 4D 49 54 45 44 20 |UST HOW LIMITED | 00000710: 49 54 20 49 53 2E 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 20 41 4D 20 |IT IS.. . AM | 00000720: 50 4C 45 41 53 45 44 20 54 4F 20 41 4E 4E 4F 55 |PLEASED TO ANNOU| 00000730: 4E 43 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 4F 55 52 20 52 45 53 |NCE THAT OUR RES| 00000740: 45 41 52 43 48 20 48 41 53 20 4C 45 44 20 54 4F |EARCH HAS LED TO| 00000750: 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 43 4F 56 45 52 59 20 54 | THE DISCOVERY T| 00000760: 48 41 54 20 59 45 53 2C 20 49 54 20 49 53 20 50 |HAT YES, IT IS P| 00000770: 4F 53 53 49 42 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 54 |OSSIBLE TO USE T| 00000780: 48 45 20 36 34 30 20 D8 20 32 30 30 20 53 43 52 |HE 640 . 200 SCR| 00000790: 45 45 4E 20 49 4E 20 42 49 54 4D 41 50 20 4D 4F |EEN IN BITMAP MO| 000007A0: 44 45 21 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 41 54 20 4D 45 41 |DE!. .HAT MEA| 000007B0: 4E 53 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 48 41 56 45 20 |NS YOU CAN HAVE | 000007C0: 54 57 49 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 52 45 53 4F 4C 55 |TWICE THE RESOLU| 000007D0: 54 49 4F 4E 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 C3 36 34 20 |TION OF THE .64 | 000007E0: 4F 52 20 C3 31 32 38 20 49 4E 20 43 4F 4D 50 4F |OR .128 IN COMPO| 000007F0: 53 49 54 45 20 4D 4F 44 45 21 20 20 C1 4E 44 20 |SITE MODE! .ND | 00000800: 53 49 4E 43 45 20 49 54 20 49 53 20 41 20 D2 C7 |SINCE IT IS A ..| 00000810: C2 20 44 49 53 50 4C 41 59 2C 20 54 48 45 20 47 |. DISPLAY, THE G| 00000820: 52 41 50 48 49 43 53 20 41 52 45 20 43 52 49 53 |RAPHICS ARE CRIS| 00000830: 50 45 52 20 41 4E 44 20 43 4C 45 41 4E 45 52 20 |PER AND CLEANER | 00000840: 54 48 41 4E 20 45 56 45 52 2E 20 20 C9 4E 20 43 |THAN EVER. .N C| 00000850: 41 53 45 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 49 4E 54 45 |ASE YOU ARE INTE| 00000860: 52 45 53 54 45 44 2C 20 36 34 30 20 D8 20 32 30 |RESTED, 640 . 20| 00000870: 30 20 49 53 20 41 53 20 48 49 47 48 20 4F 46 20 |0 IS AS HIGH OF | 00000880: 52 45 53 4F 4C 55 54 49 4F 4E 20 41 53 20 54 48 |RESOLUTION AS TH| 00000890: 45 20 C9 C2 CD 20 D0 C3 20 4F 52 20 45 56 45 4E |E ... .. OR EVEN| 000008A0: 20 54 48 45 20 C1 CD C9 C7 C1 20 43 41 4E 20 44 | THE ..... CAN D| 000008B0: 4F 20 28 49 4E 20 4E 4F 4E 45 20 49 4E 54 45 52 |O (IN NONE INTER| 000008C0: 4C 41 43 45 44 20 4D 4F 44 45 29 2E 20 20 20 20 |LACED MODE). | 000008D0: 20 D4 48 45 20 38 35 36 33 20 48 41 53 20 41 20 | .HE 8563 HAS A | 000008E0: 53 50 45 43 49 41 4C 20 31 36 CB 20 D2 C1 CD 20 |SPECIAL 16. ... | 000008F0: 41 52 45 41 20 43 4F 4D 50 4C 45 54 4C 59 20 53 |AREA COMPLETLY S| 00000900: 45 50 41 52 41 54 45 44 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 54 48 |EPARATED FROM TH| 00000910: 45 20 4E 4F 52 4D 41 4C 20 53 59 53 54 45 4D 20 |E NORMAL SYSTEM | 00000920: D2 C1 CD 2C 20 53 4F 20 4E 4F 20 55 53 45 52 20 |..., SO NO USER | 00000930: D2 C1 CD 20 49 53 20 4E 45 45 44 45 44 20 46 4F |... IS NEEDED FO| 00000940: 52 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 53 50 4C 41 59 2E 20 20 |R THE DISPLAY. | 00000950: C8 4F 57 45 56 45 52 2C 20 54 52 59 49 4E 47 20 |.OWEVER, TRYING | 00000960: 54 4F 20 43 4F 4D 4D 55 4E 49 43 41 54 45 20 57 |TO COMMUNICATE W| 00000970: 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 49 50 20 49 53 20 |ITH THE CHIP IS | 00000980: 56 45 52 59 20 44 49 46 46 49 43 55 4C 54 20 42 |VERY DIFFICULT B| 00000990: 45 43 41 55 53 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 41 54 20 56 |ECAUSE OF THAT V| 000009A0: 45 52 59 20 52 45 41 53 4F 4E 2E 20 20 C9 4E 20 |ERY REASON. .N | 000009B0: 46 41 43 54 20 54 48 45 52 45 20 41 52 45 20 4F |FACT THERE ARE O| 000009C0: 4E 4C 59 20 54 57 4F 20 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 45 |NLY TWO ADDRESSE| 000009D0: 53 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 57 48 4F 4C 45 20 C3 |S IN THE WHOLE .| 000009E0: 31 32 38 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 20 4D 41 50 20 54 |128 MEMORY MAP T| 000009F0: 48 41 54 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 4E 59 20 45 46 46 |HAT HAVE ANY EFF| 00000A00: 45 43 54 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 49 50 20 |ECT ON THE CHIP | 00000A10: 41 54 20 41 4C 4C 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 53 45 20 52 |AT ALL. .HESE R| 00000A20: 45 47 49 53 54 45 52 53 2C 20 24 C4 36 30 30 28 |EGISTERS, $.600(| 00000A30: 35 34 37 38 34 29 20 41 4E 44 20 24 C4 36 30 31 |54784) AND $.601| 00000A40: 20 28 35 34 37 38 35 29 20 53 45 52 56 45 20 41 | (54785) SERVE A| 00000A50: 53 20 41 20 57 49 4E 44 4F 57 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 |S A WINDOW FROM | 00000A60: 57 48 49 43 48 20 59 4F 55 20 4D 41 59 20 41 44 |WHICH YOU MAY AD| 00000A70: 44 52 45 53 53 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 49 50 20 52 |DRESS THE CHIP R| 00000A80: 45 47 49 53 54 45 52 53 20 41 4E 44 20 49 54 53 |EGISTERS AND ITS| 00000A90: 20 31 36 CB 20 D2 C1 CD 20 42 41 4E 4B 2E 20 20 | 16. ... BANK. | 00000AA0: D4 48 45 20 46 49 52 53 54 2C 20 24 C4 36 30 30 |.HE FIRST, $.600| 00000AB0: 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 38 35 36 33 20 52 45 47 | IS THE 8563 REG| 00000AC0: 49 53 54 45 52 20 53 45 4C 45 43 54 20 42 59 54 |ISTER SELECT BYT| 00000AD0: 45 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 20 53 45 43 4F 4E |E, AND THE SECON| 00000AE0: 44 20 24 C4 36 30 31 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 38 |D $.601 IS THE 8| 00000AF0: 35 36 33 20 44 41 54 41 20 C9 2F CF 20 42 59 54 |563 DATA ./. BYT| 00000B00: 45 2E 20 20 20 20 20 D4 4F 20 41 43 43 45 53 53 |E. .O ACCESS| 00000B10: 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 49 50 20 59 4F 55 20 4D 55 | THE CHIP YOU MU| 00000B20: 53 54 20 50 55 54 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 49 50 20 |ST PUT THE CHIP | 00000B30: 52 45 47 49 53 54 45 52 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 20 |REGISTER NUMBER | 00000B40: 59 4F 55 20 57 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 52 45 41 44 |YOU WANT TO READ| 00000B50: 20 4F 52 20 57 52 49 54 45 20 54 4F 20 49 4E 54 | OR WRITE TO INT| 00000B60: 4F 20 24 C4 36 30 30 2C 20 57 41 49 54 20 55 4E |O $.600, WAIT UN| 00000B70: 54 49 4C 20 54 48 45 20 43 48 49 50 20 49 53 20 |TIL THE CHIP IS | 00000B80: 52 45 41 44 59 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 54 48 45 4E 20 |READY, AND THEN | 00000B90: 50 45 45 4B 20 4F 52 20 50 4F 4B 45 20 54 48 45 |PEEK OR POKE THE| 00000BA0: 20 56 41 4C 55 45 20 59 4F 55 20 57 41 4E 54 20 | VALUE YOU WANT | 00000BB0: 49 4E 54 4F 20 24 C4 36 30 31 2E 20 20 C9 54 20 |INTO $.601. .T | 00000BC0: 49 53 20 51 55 49 54 45 20 41 20 42 4F 54 54 4C |IS QUITE A BOTTL| 00000BD0: 45 4E 45 43 4B 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 45 46 46 45 43 |ENECK, AND EFFEC| 00000BE0: 54 49 56 45 4C 59 20 50 52 45 43 4C 55 44 45 53 |TIVELY PRECLUDES| 00000BF0: 20 41 4E 59 20 55 53 41 42 4C 45 20 48 49 52 45 | ANY USABLE HIRE| 00000C00: 53 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 53 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 |S GRAPHICS FROM | 00000C10: 42 41 53 49 43 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 50 45 45 4B |BASIC USING PEEK| 00000C20: 53 20 4F 52 20 50 4F 4B 45 53 2E 20 20 C2 55 54 |S OR POKES. .UT| 00000C30: 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 4D 41 43 48 49 4E 45 20 4C 41 | FROM MACHINE LA| 00000C40: 4E 47 55 41 47 45 20 49 54 20 49 53 20 41 20 44 |NGUAGE IT IS A D| 00000C50: 49 46 46 45 52 45 4E 54 20 53 54 4F 52 59 2E 0D |IFFERENT STORY..| 00000C60: 20 20 20 20 D7 45 20 48 41 56 45 20 43 52 45 41 | .E HAVE CREA| 00000C70: 54 45 44 20 41 20 53 45 54 20 4F 46 20 43 4F 4D |TED A SET OF COM| 00000C80: 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 41 52 45 20 57 |MANDS THAT ARE W| 00000C90: 45 44 47 45 44 20 49 4E 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 C3 |EDGED INTO THE .| 00000CA0: 31 32 38 20 54 48 41 54 20 55 53 45 20 4D 41 43 |128 THAT USE MAC| 00000CB0: 48 49 4E 45 20 4C 41 4E 47 55 41 47 45 20 54 4F |HINE LANGUAGE TO| 00000CC0: 20 54 41 4B 45 20 41 44 56 41 4E 54 41 47 45 20 | TAKE ADVANTAGE | 00000CD0: 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 C3 31 32 38 27 53 20 36 34 |OF THE .128'S 64| 00000CE0: 30 20 D8 20 32 30 30 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 43 20 |0 . 200 GRAPHIC | 00000CF0: 50 4F 57 45 52 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 53 45 20 43 4F |POWER. .HESE CO| 00000D00: 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 47 49 56 45 |MMANDS WILL GIVE| 00000D10: 20 59 4F 55 20 41 20 56 45 52 59 20 50 4F 57 45 | YOU A VERY POWE| 00000D20: 52 46 55 4C 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 53 45 54 |RFUL COMMAND SET| 00000D30: 20 54 48 41 54 20 57 4F 52 4B 53 20 57 49 54 48 | THAT WORKS WITH| 00000D40: 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 37 2E 30 20 41 4E 44 20 41 | ..... 7.0 AND A| 00000D50: 4C 4C 4F 57 20 59 4F 55 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 |LLOW YOU TO USE | 00000D60: 54 48 45 53 45 20 4E 45 57 20 47 52 41 50 48 49 |THESE NEW GRAPHI| 00000D70: 43 53 20 46 52 45 45 4C 59 2E 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 |CS FREELY.. .| 00000D80: 48 45 52 45 20 41 52 45 20 31 34 20 4E 45 57 20 |HERE ARE 14 NEW | 00000D90: 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 2C 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 4F |COMMANDS, MOST O| 00000DA0: 46 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 41 52 45 20 55 53 45 44 |F WHICH ARE USED| 00000DB0: 20 54 4F 20 57 4F 52 4B 20 57 49 54 48 20 54 48 | TO WORK WITH TH| 00000DC0: 45 20 36 34 30 20 D8 20 32 30 30 20 44 49 53 50 |E 640 . 200 DISP| 00000DD0: 4C 41 59 2E 20 CF 4E 45 2C 20 40 C6 CF CE D4 2C |LAY. .NE, @....,| 00000DE0: 20 49 53 20 41 20 53 50 45 43 49 41 4C 20 43 4F | IS A SPECIAL CO| 00000DF0: 4D 4D 41 4E 44 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 46 4F 52 20 38 |MMAND ONLY FOR 8| 00000E00: 30 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 54 45 58 54 20 4D 4F |0 COLUMN TEXT MO| 00000E10: 44 45 20 54 48 41 54 20 41 4C 4C 4F 57 53 20 59 |DE THAT ALLOWS Y| 00000E20: 4F 55 20 54 4F 20 44 4F 57 4E 4C 4F 41 44 20 4E |OU TO DOWNLOAD N| 00000E30: 45 57 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 53 45 54 |EW CHARACTER SET| 00000E40: 53 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 53 59 53 54 45 4D 20 D2 C1 |S FROM SYSTEM ..| 00000E50: CD 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 38 30 20 43 4F 4C 55 |. TO THE 80 COLU| 00000E60: 4D 4E 20 43 48 49 50 20 D2 C1 CD 2E 20 20 D3 49 |MN CHIP .... .I| 00000E70: 4E 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 38 30 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D |NCE THE 80 COLUM| 00000E80: 4E 20 54 45 58 54 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 20 41 4C |N TEXT SCREEN AL| 00000E90: 4C 4F 57 53 20 46 4F 52 20 32 20 43 4F 4D 50 4C |LOWS FOR 2 COMPL| 00000EA0: 45 54 45 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 46 4F |ETE CHARACTER FO| 00000EB0: 4E 54 53 20 41 54 20 4F 4E 43 45 20 59 4F 55 20 |NTS AT ONCE YOU | 00000EC0: 43 41 4E 20 55 53 45 20 40 C6 CF CE D4 20 46 4F |CAN USE @.... 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AND @...| 000042F0: C3 C8 20 41 52 45 20 56 45 52 59 20 52 41 50 49 |.. ARE VERY RAPI| 00004300: 44 2C 20 46 41 53 54 20 45 4E 4F 55 47 48 20 46 |D, FAST ENOUGH F| 00004310: 4F 52 20 53 4F 4D 45 20 54 59 50 45 53 20 4F 46 |OR SOME TYPES OF| 00004320: 20 41 4E 49 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 D3 45 45 20 | ANIMATION. .EE | 00004330: 54 48 45 20 43 49 52 43 4C 45 20 44 45 4D 4F 20 |THE CIRCLE DEMO | 00004340: 41 4E 44 20 33 C4 20 43 55 42 45 20 44 45 4D 4F |AND 3. 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OF ..., | 000044F0: 42 55 54 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 |BUT THE PROGRAM | 00004500: 4F 4E 4C 59 20 47 4F 45 53 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 37 |ONLY GOES FROM 7| 00004510: 31 36 38 20 54 4F 20 31 32 39 39 32 2E 20 20 D4 |168 TO 12992. .| 00004520: 48 41 54 20 4C 45 41 56 45 53 20 55 53 20 52 4F |HAT LEAVES US RO| 00004530: 4F 4D 20 54 4F 20 41 44 44 20 45 56 45 4E 20 4D |OM TO ADD EVEN M| 00004540: 4F 52 45 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E 44 53 20 49 4E 20 |ORE COMMANDS IN | 00004550: 54 48 45 20 41 52 45 41 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 31 32 |THE AREA FROM 12| 00004560: 39 39 32 20 54 4F 20 31 36 33 38 33 2E 20 D9 4F |992 TO 16383. .O| 00004570: 55 20 43 4F 55 4C 44 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 41 54 |U COULD USE THAT| 00004580: 20 46 52 45 45 20 52 41 4D 20 46 4F 52 20 43 48 | FREE RAM FOR CH| 00004590: 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 53 45 54 20 53 54 4F 52 |ARACTER SET STOR| 000045A0: 41 47 45 20 46 4F 52 20 4E 4F 57 2C 20 42 55 54 |AGE FOR NOW, BUT| 000045B0: 20 42 45 20 43 41 52 45 46 55 4C 20 41 4E 44 20 | BE CAREFUL AND | 000045C0: 44 4F 4E 27 54 20 44 49 53 54 55 52 42 20 54 48 |DON'T DISTURB TH| 000045D0: 45 20 52 41 4D 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 37 31 36 38 20 |E RAM FROM 7168 | 000045E0: 54 4F 20 31 32 39 39 32 2E 0D 20 20 20 20 D7 45 |TO 12992.. .E| 000045F0: 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 4F 20 54 | WOULD LIKE TO T| 00004600: 48 41 4E 4B 20 C1 4E 44 59 20 C6 49 4E 4B 4C 45 |HANK .NDY .INKLE| 00004610: 20 41 4E 44 20 C3 41 52 4F 59 4C 4E 20 D3 48 45 | AND .AROYLN .HE| 00004620: 50 50 4E 45 52 20 4F 46 20 C3 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 4F |PPNER OF .OMMODO| 00004630: 52 45 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 45 49 52 20 4B 49 4E |RE FOR THEIR KIN| 00004640: 44 20 41 53 53 49 53 54 41 4E 43 45 20 4F 4E 20 |D ASSISTANCE ON | 00004650: 54 48 45 20 54 45 43 48 4E 49 43 41 4C 20 41 53 |THE TECHNICAL AS| 00004660: 50 45 43 54 53 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 38 35 36 |PECTS OF THE 856| 00004670: 33 20 43 48 49 50 2E 0D 20 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F |3 CHIP.. .F YO| 00004680: 55 20 48 41 56 45 20 51 55 45 53 54 49 4F 4E 53 |U HAVE QUESTIONS| 00004690: 20 41 42 4F 55 54 20 D5 4C 54 52 41 20 C8 49 52 | ABOUT .LTRA .IR| 000046A0: 45 53 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 57 52 49 54 |ES, YOU CAN WRIT| 000046B0: 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 41 55 54 48 4F 52 53 |E TO THE AUTHORS| 000046C0: 20 28 CC 4F 55 49 53 20 D7 41 4C 4C 41 43 45 20 | (.OUIS .ALLACE | 000046D0: 41 4E 44 20 C4 41 56 49 44 20 C4 41 52 55 53 29 |AND .AVID .ARUS)| 000046E0: 20 41 54 3A 0D 0D 36 31 32 34 20 C2 20 D3 D7 20 | AT:..6124 . .. | 000046F0: 31 31 20 D0 CC 0D C7 41 49 4E 45 53 56 49 4C 4C |11 ....AINESVILL| 00004700: 45 2C 20 C6 CC 20 20 33 32 36 30 37 0D 0D 20 20 |E, .. 32607.. | 00004710: 20 20 20 CF 52 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 4C | .R, YOU CAN L| 00004720: 45 41 56 45 20 D1 2D CC 49 4E 4B 20 4D 41 49 4C |EAVE .-.INK MAIL| 00004730: 20 54 4F 20 CC D2 D7 2E 0D 20 | TO ..... |
ULTRA HIRES GRAPHICS 1.0. APPEARED IN
RUN MAGAZINE, FEBRUARY 1986.. BY LOUIS
WALLACE AND DAVID DARUS.
THE C128 C
OMPUTER IS WITHOUT DOUBT A REMARKABLE MA
CHINE. IT CONTAINS ONE OF THE BEST BASI
C LANGUAGES EVER INCLUDED WITH A MICRO,
HAS 128K RAM AND IS EXPANDABLE, SUPPORTS
HIRES GRAPHICS IN COMPOSITE MODE, CONTA
INS BOTH A WORKING C64 AND A Z-80 CP/M C
OMPUTER, HAS A GREAT KEYBOARD AND A BEAU
TIFUL 80 COLUMN DISPLAY. AND PERHAPS BE
ST OF ALL IT IS INEXPENSIVE! WHAT MORE
COULD YOU WANT?. WELL, ONE THING I AL
WAYS WANT IS HIGHER RESOLUTION GRAPHIC D
ISPLAYS. AND THE 80 COLUMN SCREEN ON TH
E C128 WAS A WELCOME BLESSING TO MANY OF
US WHO FIND 40 COLUMNS A LIMITATION, BU
T STILL PREFER COMMODORE COMPUTERS OVER
OTHERS. THIS NEW 80 COLUMN CAPABILITY I
S MADE POSSIBLE BY A SECOND GRAPHICS CHI
P, THE 8563. THIS IS A VERY POWERFUL DE
VICE, AND IT MAKES POSSIBLE THE CRISP, C
LEAR COLOR TEXT THE C128 MAKES IN 80 COL
UMN MODE.. THERE IS PRESENTLY A CLOUD
OF MYSTERY SURROUNDING THE GRAPHIC CAPA
BILITIES OF THIS NEW ADDITION TO THE COM
MODORE COMPUTER FAMILY, AND I HOPE THIS
ARTICLE WILL GO FAR TOWARD DISPELLING TH
E QUESTIONS I KNOW MANY OF YOU HAVE..
FIRST AND FOREMOST THE QUESTION ARISES
ABOUT BITMAPPING (HIRES GRAPHICS). SINC
E THE 80 COLUMN TEXT IS MADE POSSIBLE BY
A RESOLUTION OF 640 X 200, MANY OF US H
OPED WE WOULD BE ABLE TO USE THAT FOR GR
APHICS. HOWEVER, BASIC 7.0 CONTAINS NO
PROVISION FOR HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS O
F THE 80 COLUMN DISPLAY. WE WERE TOLD O
RIGINALLY THAT WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO DO SO
ME ELEMENTARY GRAPHICS VIA CUSTOM CHARAC
TERS ON THE 80 COLUMN SCREEN, BUT NOT TR
UE HIRES GRAPHICS. AND THE TECHNICAL SP
ECIFICATIONS FOR THE 8563 STATE IT HAS O
NLY LIMITED BITMAPPING CAPABILITIES. TH
IS GOT US INTERESTED IN SEEING JUST HOW
LIMITED IT IS.. I AM PLEASED TO ANNOU
NCE THAT OUR RESEARCH HAS LED TO THE DIS
COVERY THAT YES, IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE T
HE 640 X 200 SCREEN IN BITMAP MODE!.
THAT MEANS YOU CAN HAVE TWICE THE RESOLU
TION OF THE C64 OR C128 IN COMPOSITE MOD
E! AND SINCE IT IS A RGB DISPLAY, THE G
RAPHICS ARE CRISPER AND CLEANER THAN EVE
R. IN CASE YOU ARE INTERESTED, 640 X 20
0 IS AS HIGH OF RESOLUTION AS THE IBM PC
OR EVEN THE AMIGA CAN DO (IN NONE INTER
LACED MODE). THE 8563 HAS A SPECIAL
16K RAM AREA COMPLETLY SEPARATED FROM TH
E NORMAL SYSTEM RAM, SO NO USER RAM IS N
EEDED FOR THE DISPLAY. HOWEVER, TRYING
TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE CHIP IS VERY DIF
FICULT BECAUSE OF THAT VERY REASON. IN
FACT THERE ARE ONLY TWO ADDRESSES IN THE
WHOLE C128 MEMORY MAP THAT HAVE ANY EFF
ECT ON THE CHIP AT ALL. THESE REGISTERS
, $D600(54784) AND $D601 (54785) SERVE A
S A WINDOW FROM WHICH YOU MAY ADDRESS TH
E CHIP REGISTERS AND ITS 16K RAM BANK.
THE FIRST, $D600 IS THE 8563 REGISTER SE
LECT BYTE, AND THE SECOND $D601 IS THE 8
563 DATA I/O BYTE. TO ACCESS THE CHI
P YOU MUST PUT THE CHIP REGISTER NUMBER
YOU WANT TO READ OR WRITE TO INTO $D600,
WAIT UNTIL THE CHIP IS READY, AND THEN
PEEK OR POKE THE VALUE YOU WANT INTO $D6
01. IT IS QUITE A BOTTLENECK, AND EFFEC
TIVELY PRECLUDES ANY USABLE HIRES GRAPHI
CS FROM BASIC USING PEEKS OR POKES. BUT
FROM MACHINE LANGUAGE IT IS A DIFFERENT
STORY.. WE HAVE CREATED A SET OF COM
MANDS THAT ARE WEDGED INTO THE C128 THAT
USE MACHINE LANGUAGE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE
OF THE C128'S 640 X 200 GRAPHIC POWER.
THESE COMMANDS WILL GIVE YOU A VERY POWE
RFUL COMMAND SET THAT WORKS WITH BASIC 7
.0 AND ALLOW YOU TO USE THESE NEW GRAPHI
CS FREELY.. THERE ARE 14 NEW COMMANDS
, MOST OF WHICH ARE USED TO WORK WITH TH
E 640 X 200 DISPLAY. ONE, @FONT, IS A SP
ECIAL COMMAND ONLY FOR 80 COLUMN TEXT MO
DE THAT ALLOWS YOU TO DOWNLOAD NEW CHARA
CTER SETS FROM SYSTEM RAM TO THE 80 COLU
MN CHIP RAM. SINCE THE 80 COLUMN TEXT S
CREEN ALLOWS FOR 2 COMPLETE CHARACTER FO
NTS AT ONCE YOU CAN USE @FONT FOR SOME V
ERY INTERESTING TEXT DISPLAYS... C128
ULTRA HIRES COMMAND SET.@FONT,CHAR SET #
,RAM ADDRESS.@TEXT .@GRAPHIC,BC,
FC.@CLR,VALUE.@DOT,X,Y,MODE.@DRAW,X1,Y1,
X2,Y2,MODE.@BOX,X1,Y1,X2,Y2,MODE.@BAR,X,
Y,DX,DY,HT,MODE.@SAVE,TYPE,"FILENAME" .@
LOAD,TYPE,"FILENAME".@CHAR,CHARSET ADDRE
SS,X,Y,HT,WIDTH,"STRING".@COPY,SX,SY,DX,
DY,DESTINATION X,DESINATION Y.@STASH,BUF
FER ADDRESS,X,Y,DX,DY.@FETCH,BUFFER ADDR
ESS,X,Y.. ALONG WITH THIS ARTICLE THE
RE ARE A NUMBER OF PROGRAMS. THE FIRST
IS CALLED C128 ULTRA HIRES. IT IS A BA
SIC LOADER TYPE OF PROGRAM THAT WILL POK
E THE MACHINE LANGUAGE INTO MEMORY FOR Y
OU AND SAVE THE PROGRAM AS A SMALL MACHI
NE LANGUAGE MODULE CALLED ULTRA HIRES TH
AT CAN BE EASILY LOADED INTO MEMORY. TH
E SECOND PROGRAM IS CALLED ULTRA HIRES B
OOT AND SHOULD BE USED TO LOAD ULTRA HIR
ES AND SETUP THE COMPUTER FOR ITS USE.
YOU SHOULD RUN IT ONLY ONCE, AS ULTRA HI
RES CREATES SOME TABLES THAT CANNOT BE W
RITTEN OVER. THE BEST METHOD IS TO USE
THE C128'S AUTOBOOT FEATURE AND CREATE A
N AUTOBOOT DISK THAT LOADS AND RUNS ULTR
A HIRES BOOT FOR YOU. THIS BOOT DOES SE
VERAL THINGS. FIRST IT ISSUES A GRAPHIC
1,1:GRAPHIC 5 COMMAND. THIS IS THE ONL
Y TIME YOU SHOULD USE THE NORMAL GRAPHIC
COMMAND. IT ALLOCATES A 9K AREA IN THE
COMPUTER TO BE USED FOR COMPOSITE HIRES
GRAPHICS. SINCE WE ARE GOING TO BE USI
NG THE NEW ULTRA HIRES MODE, THIS AREA C
AN NOW BE USED TO HOLD THE MACHINE LANGU
AGE COMMANDS IN THE WEDGE. NEXT IT POKE
S THE START OF BASIC VARIABLES IN BANK 1
UP 16K, GIVING US A 16K RAM BUFFER FOR
THE @STASH COMMAND. IT THEN LOADS THE U
LTRA HIRES ML MODULE, AND ACTIVATES IT W
ITH SYS 8448. AT THIS POINT YOU NOW HAV
E THE WEDGE ACTIVE.. THE THIRD PROGRAM
IS CALLED PROGRAM BASE, AND IS INTENDED
AS A BASE FROM WHICH YOU CAN START WRIT
ING YOUR OWN PROGRAMS. IT BEGINS BY GOI
NG INTO FAST MODE. ONE OF THE NICE FEAT
URES ABOUT THE 80 COLUMN CHIP IS THAT YO
U CAN USE THE FAST COMMAND TO ALLOW THE
COMPUTER TO RUN AT 2 MH INSTEAD OF 1 MH
(IN COMPOSITE MODE THE SCREEN GOES BLANK
DURING FAST MODE). NEXT, IT ISSUES THE
POKE TO SET UP THE 16K BUFFER FOR @STAS
H (SEE @STASH LATER IN THIS ARTICLE FOR
INFORMATION ABOUT INCREASING OR DECREASI
NG THE BUFFER). THE NEW @GRAPHIC COMMAN
D IS ISSUED NEXT, GOING TO ULTRA HIRES M
ODE AND SETTING UP BACKGROUND AND FOREGR
OUND COLORS. LINE 50 ISSUES THE @CLR CO
MMAND WITH A VALUE OF 0, WHICH WILL CLEA
R THE 640 X 200 BITMAP DISPLAY. AND LIN
E 60 SETS UP THE BASIC 7.0 TRAP COMMAND.
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IN CASE
OF A SYNTAX ERROR OR PROGRAM CRASHING I
T WILL INSTRUCT THE COMPUTER TO GO TO TH
E LINE FOLLOWING THE TRAP INSTRUCTION.
HERE IT GOES TO LINE 10010 WHICH GETS YO
U OUT OF ULTRA HIRES MODE, PRINTS THE LI
NE THAT HAS THE PROBLEM (WITH THE HELP C
OMMAND) AND ENDS THE PROGRAM EVEN PRESS
ING THE STOP KEY IS HANDLED BY THE TRAP
STATEMENT. IT IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED THA
T YOU INCLUDE IT IN YOUR PROGRAMS.. N
EXT ARE FIVE SHORT DEMOS THAT USE VARIOU
S FORMS OF THE NEW COMMAND SET. THE FIR
ST IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE VERSITILITY OF T
HE @CHAR COMMAND, WHICH ALLOWS MANY DIFF
ERENT SIZES OF TEXT (AND MANY DIFFERENT
STYLES) ALL AT ONCE. IT EVEN HAS A SPEC
IAL FORM THAT WILL GIVE YOU 160 COLUMNS
ON ONE LINE! IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES!
. THE SECOND DEMO PROGRAM IS A SIMPLE
LINE DRAWING DEMO THAT CREATES A VERY I
NTERESTING GRAPHIC EFFECT CALLED A MOIRE
PATTERN. IT LOOKS VERY GOOD IN 640 X 2
00.. THE THIRD DEMO IS ONE THAT USES
THE 3D BAR COMMAND. THIS COMMAND ALLOWS
YOU TO CREATE 3 DIMENSION BAR GRAPHS SO
EASILY IT WILL AMAZE YOU (AND YOUR FRIE
NDS)!. THE FOURTH DEMO USES BASIC TO
CREATE CIRCLES, AND THE CIRCLE ROUTINE C
OULD VERY EASILY BE MODIFIED FOR USE AS
A GENERAL PURPOSE SUBROUTINE. AFTER THE
CIRCLES ARE DRAWN, IT USES THE @COPY CO
MMAND TO DUPLICATE THEM, AND THEN THE @S
TASH AND @FETCH TO CREATE A FORM OF ANIM
ATION CALLED BLITTERS. THAT'S RIGHT, TH
E C128 NOW HAS BLITTER GRAPHIC CAPABILIT
IES. (BLITTERS ARE A FORM OF HIGH SPEED
BITMAP TRANSFERS.). THE LAST DEMO IS
I THINK AN EXTREMELY IMPRESSIVE DEMONST
RATION OF THE POWER OF THE NEW COMMANDS.
IT CREATES A FULLY ANIMATED DEMONSTRAT
ION OF A 3 DIMENSIONAL CUBE ROTATING AND
CHANGING SIZE IN REAL TIME. IT USES TH
E @STASH AND @FETCH (AND A 32K @STASH BU
FFER) TO EFFECTIVELY CREATE A SMALL MOVI
E. I THINK AFTER SEEING THIS YOU WILL B
E HIGHLY MOTIVATED TO BEGIN USING THESE
NEW BASIC COMMANDS ON YOUR C128.. THE
MEMORY ORGANIZATION OF THE C128 IS A VE
RY COMPLEX SUBJECT, AND WE CANNOT GO INT
O IT IN DETAIL IN THIS ARTICLE. HOWEVER
, YOU NEED SOME INFORMATION TO USE THE U
LTRA HIRES COMMAND SET EFFECTIVELY..
IN AN UNEXPANDED C128 THERE ARE TWO BANK
S OF RAM, BANK 0 AND BANK 1. BANK 0 IS
WHERE YOUR BASIC PROGRAM RESIDES, AND BA
NK 1 IS WHERE YOUR VARIABLES ARE STORED.
WHEN YOU ENABLE THE NORMAL COMPOSITE B
ITMAP GRAPHICS DISPLAY WITH THE GRAPHIC
1,1 STATEMENT THE C128 MOVES YOUR PROGRA
M IN BANK 0 UP 9K TO MAKE ROOM FOR THE G
RAPHIC SCREEN AND ITS COLOR MEMORY. THA
T'S WHY THE ULTRA HIRES BOOT PROGRAM ISS
UES IT AS ITS FIRST STATEMENT. THIS ARE
A CAN NOW BE USED TO STORE THE MACHINE L
ANGUAGE PROGRAM THAT GIVES YOU ULTRA HIR
ES MODE. IF YOU WERE TO USE IT AGAIN IN
A PROGRAM WHILE IN ULTRA HIRES MODE IT
WOULD ERASE THE WHOLE PROGRAM AND CRASH
THE COMPUTER. THIS IS TRUE OF GRAPHIC M
ULTICOLOR COMPOSITE BITMAP MODE ALSO. Y
OU SHOULD NEVER USE IT IN YOUR PROGRAMS
WHILE ULTRA HIRES IS ENABLED. THE SAME
THING IS TRUE OF THE COMMAND GRAPHIC CLR
, WHICH DE-ALLOCATES THE 9K, MAKING IT A
VAILABLE FOR BASIC. AND THE COMMAND SCN
CLR SHOULD NEVER BE USED EITHER FOR THE
SAME REASONS AS GRAPHIC.. BANK 1 CONT
AINS AROUND 64K TO BE USED AS VARIABLES.
REGISTERS 47 AND 48 CONTAIN THE ADDRES
S FOR THE START OF BASIC VARIABLES. THE
NORMAL VALUE FOR 47 IS 0 AND FOR 48 IS 4
(THIS IS THE ADDRESS $0400 IN HEX AND 1
024 IN DECIMAL). EVERYTHING ABOVE THAT
IS USED FOR VARIABLES. BUT BY POKING A
LARGER VALUE IN REGISTER 48, FOLLOWED BY
THE BASIC CLR COMMAND, WE CAN TRICK THE
C128 INTO GIVING US SOME RAM WE CAN USE
IN OUR PROGRAMS. THE ULTRA HIRES BOOT
PROGRAM AUTOMATICALLY SETS UP A 16K BUFF
ER. YOU CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE THIS B
Y CHANGING THE CONTENTS OF REGISTER 48.
(BE CAREFUL NOT TO MAKE IT LESS THAN 4!)
IF YOUR PROGRAM WILL USE A LOT OF VARI
ABLES, AND WON'T BE USING @STASH AND @FE
TCH YOU MIGHT WANT THAT RAM TO BE USED F
OR VARIABLES SO START OFF WITH THE LINE;
. POKE 47,0:POKE48,4:CLR.HOWEVER, SOME
PROGRAMS (LIKE THE 3D CUBE DEMO) REQUIR
E EVEN MORE RAM IN THEIR BUFFER, SO THEY
INCREASE THE SIZE BY POKING TO REGISTER
47 AND 48.. POKE47,0:POKE48,132:CLR.T
HIS GIVES A 32K BUFFER FOR YOU TO STORE
GRAPHICS IN, BUT YOU HAVE NOW CUT YOUR V
ARIABLE RAM IN HALF. YOU WILL HAVE TO D
ECIDE IF YOU NEED TO CHANGE IT. IN MOST
CASES THE DEFAULT OF 16K WILL BE SUFFIC
IENT.. ONE OTHER THING. SINCE THE SCR
EEN RESOLUTION IS 640 X 200, THAT CALCUL
ATES OUT TO 128,000 BITS, OR 16K OF RAM.
THAT'S EXACTLY HOW MUCH RAM IS AVAILAB
LE TO THE 8563 CHIP. THAT DOES NOT LEAV
E ANY RAM LEFT OVER FOR 80 COLUMN TEXT M
ODE. IF YOU NEED TO USE THE TEXT MODE A
ND HAVE AN IMPORTANT SCREEN IN HIRES, YO
U WILL HAVE TO SAVE IT (TO DISK OR IN TH
E @STASH BUFFER), GO TO TEXT MODE WITH @
TEXT, PERFORM YOUR NEEDED FUNCTION, RETU
RN TO ULTRA HIRES MODE WITH THE @GRAPHIC
COMMAND AND RESTORE YOUR SCREEN FROM TH
E BUFFER OR DISK. WHEN WOULD YOU NEED T
O DO THIS? ONE TIME MIGHT BE IF YOU NEE
D TO INPUT SOME VALUE FROM THE KEYBOARD
WHILE THE PROGRAM IS RUNNING. AS YOU KN
OW, THE INPUT COMMAND WILL PRINT A QUEST
ION MARK (?) ON THE TEXT SCREEN. BUT IN
ULTRA HIRES MODE THERE IS NO RAM LEFT F
OR THE 80 COLUMN TEXT SCREEN, BUT THE OP
ERATING SYSTEM WILL STILL PUT THE QUESTI
ON MARK IN THE AREA WHERE THE TEXT SCREE
N SHOULD BE. THIS RESULTS IN THE CORRUP
TION OF A SMALL PART OF YOUR ULTRA HIRES
SCREEN. SO PLAN YOUR INPUTS CAREFULLY
TO BE IN ONLY TEXT MODE, OR USE THE GETK
EY COMMAND..
DESCRIPTION OF C128 UL
TRA HIRES COMMANDS..@FONT,CHAR SET #,RAM
ADDRESS. THIS COMMAND ALLOWS YOU TO D
ISPLAY (IN 80 COLUMN TEXT MODE) CHARACTE
R FONTS DIFFERENT THEN THE DEFAULT CHARA
CTER SET.. THERE IS ROOM IN THE 8563 R
AM FOR TWO SETS, AND THEY ARE NORMALLY T
HE UPPERCASE/GRAPHICS SET AND THE LO
WERCASE/UPPERCASE SET. IF YOU HAVE ACCE
SS TO OTHER FONTS THAT YOU WISH TO USE,
SIMPLY BLOAD THEM TO SOME AREA OF RAM IN
BANK 0 (IN DIRECT OR PROGRAM MODE) AND
ISSUE THE @FONT COMMAND. THE CHAR SET #
IS EITHER 0 OR 1, AND THE RAM ADDRESS I
S THE LOCATION WHERE IT WAS BLOADED TO..
YOU CAN CHANGE CHARACTER FONTS BY PRE
SSING THE SHIFT/CBM KEYS OR BY PRINTING
CHR$(14) OR CHR$(142)...@GRAPHIC,BC,FC.
THIS TURNS ON THE 640 X 200 BITMAP MO
DE. BC IS BACKGROUND COLOR AND FC IS FO
REGROUND COLOR. WHEN IN ULTRA HIRES MOD
E YOU ARE LIMITED TO 2 COLORS ONLY, BUT
YOU CAN CHOOSE WHICH ONES WITH THIS COMM
AND...@TEXT. THIS TURNS OFF THE ULTRA
HIRES MODE AND RETURNS YOU TO THE NORMAL
80 COLUMN TEXT SCREEN. YOU ALSO RETURN
TO THE STANDARD CHARACTER FONT, SO YOU
WILL HAVE TO ISSUE THE @FONT COMMAND TO
RE-ENABLE ANY EXTRA TEXT FONTS YOU WANT.
..@CLR,VALUE. THIS IS USED TO CLEAR T
HE ULTRA HIRES SCREEN. USE A VALUE OF 0
TO CLEAR IT, 255 TO FILL IT. OTHERS CA
N BE USED FOR SPECIAL EFFECTS...@DOT,X,Y
,MODE. THIS IS USED TO PLOT A DOT ON
THE 640 X 200 SCREEN. X IS FROM 0-639,
WHILE Y IS FROM 0-199. MODE IS EITHER 0
(FOR ERASE) OR 1 (FOR DRAW)...@DRAW,X1,
Y1,X2,Y2,MODE. THIS IS THE LINE DRAW
ING COMMAND. X IS 0-639, AND Y IS 0-19
9. MODE IS THE SAME AS IN @DOT...@BOX,X
1,Y1,X2,Y2,MODE. THIS WILL DRAW A BO
X ON THE 640 X 200 SCREEN. X1,Y1 ARE TH
E COORDINATES OF THE UPPER LEFT CORNER,
AND X2,Y2 ARE THOSE OF THE LOWER RIGHT
HAND CORNER. AGAIN X IS 0-639 AND Y IS
0-199. MODE IS AS IN @DOT...@BAR,X,Y,DX
,DY,HT,MODE. @BAR DRAWS A 3D BAR OF A
GIVEN HEIGHT. X,Y ARE THE COORDINATES
OF THE LOWER LEFT HAND SIDE OF THE BAR,
DX AND DY ARE THE DEPTH AND WIDTH YOU W
ISH. HT IS THE HEIGHT, AND MODE IS AS I
N @DOT. X IS 0-639, Y IS 0-199, DX IS
1-255, DY IS 1-199, HT IS 1-199.. TH
E SUM OF HT AND DY CANNOT EXCEED 199 OR
NO BAR WILL BE DRAWN...@SAVE,TYPE,"FILEN
AME". THIS WILL SAVE A SCREEN CALLED '
FILENAME' TO DISK. THERE ARE TWO TYPES
OF SAVE. A TYPE OF 0 WILL BE A NORMAL 1
6K SCREEN DUMP, WHICH WILL GIVE A DISK F
ILE OF 65 BLOCKS. A TYPE OF 1 WILL BE A
SPECIAL COMPRESSED FORM OF SAVE, WHERE
AN INTELLIGENT DATA COMPRESSION WILL COM
PRESS YOUR SCREEN TO ITS SMALLEST POSSIB
LE SIZE.. IN SOME CASES IT CAN CUT THE
65 DISK BLOCKS DOWN TO ONLY A COUPLE BL
OCKS. THE ACTUAL AMOUNT OF REDUCTION WI
LL DEPEND UPON WHATS ON THE SCREEN. IT
WILL NEVER BE BIGGER THAN 65 BLOCKS. IN
MOST CASES THIS WILL BE THE BEST WAY TO
SAVE YOUR SCREENS...@LOAD,TYPE,"FILENAM
E". THIS LOADS A SCREEN CALLED 'FILE
NAME' FROM DISK. TYPE IS EITHER 0 OR 1,
DEPENDING ON HOW IT WAS SAVED...@CHAR,C
HARSET ADDRESS,X,Y,HT,WD,"STRING". THIS
IS THE HIGH RESOLUTION CHARACTER DRIVER
. IT ALLOWS YOU TO PRINT ON THE 640 X 2
00 BITMAP SCREEN IN MANY SIZES AND STYLE
S. X IS ANY NUMBER 0-639, Y IS 0-199, H
T IS 1-16, WD IS 0-16 AND STRING IS WHAT
YOU WANT IT TO PRINT, EITHER IN QUOTES
OR AS A STRING VARIABLE. THE ADDRESS I
S WHERE IN RAM YOU WANT THE CHARACTER SE
T TO BE TAKEN FROM. YOU CAN USE THE BUI
LT IN SETS AT 53248 AND 55296, OR YOU CA
N BLOAD IN OTHERS INTO RAM AND USE THEM.
BUILT INTO THE MACHINE LANGUAGE IS A S
PECIAL FONT THAT ALLOWS 160 CHARACTERS P
ER LINE. ITS ADDRESS IS AT 7168, AND I
T REQUIRES A WIDTH OF 0.. YOU CAN USE
ALMOST ANY CHARACTER SET MADE FOR THE C
64 OR C128, AS LONG AS THEY ARE BINARY F
ILES. CHEXK YOUR USERS GROUP LIBRARY FO
R EXTRA FONTS. CHANCES ARE THEY WILL HA
VE MANY. YOU CAN ALSO USE SPECIAL CONTR
OL CODES INSIDE THE STRING, LIKE REVERSE
ON AND OFF. CONTROL E CAUSES THE TEXT
TO ERASE ANYTHING UNDER IT, WHILE CONTRO
L X WILL PERFORM AN XOR ON THE SCREEN, L
EAVING ANYTHING THERE STILL VISIBLE..
YOU CAN ALSO UNDERLINE YOUR TEXT WITH C
ONTROL U, AND TURN OFF UNDERLINING WITH
CONTROL N. COLOR CODES HAVE NO EFFECT.
..@COPY,SX,SY,DX,DY,DESTINATION X,DESTIN
ATION Y. @COPY WILL ALLOW YOU TO DUP
LICATE ANY AREA OF THE SCREEN TO ANY OTH
ER AREA. SX,SY ARE THE STARTING COORDIN
ATES OF THE UPPER LEFT HAND CORNER YOU W
ISH TO DUPLICATE. THE DX AND DY ARE THE
LENGTHS (IN PIXELS) YOU WANT TO COPY FR
OM SX,SY.. THE DX IS FROM 1-640, AND D
Y IS FROM 1-200. DESTINATION X AND Y IS
THE X,Y LOCATION TO MOVE THE COPY TO...
@STASH,BUFFER ADDRESS,X,Y,DX,DY. @STAS
H ALLOWS YOU TO STORE A PIECE OF THE SCR
EEN TO A BUFFER AND THEN RECALL IT WHEN
NEEDED. X AND Y ARE THE BEGINNING UPPER
LEFT CORNER TO STASH, AND DX AND DY ARE
THE LENGTHS.. YOU CAN STORE A PIECE A
S SMALL AS A BYTE, OR AS LARGE AS A SCRE
EN. THE BUFFER ADDRESS IS WHERE IN THE B
UFFER IT IS TO BE STORED. THE BUFFER VA
LUE STARTS AT 0, SO THE FIRST THING YOU
STORE SHOULD GO THERE. YOU WILL NEED TO
KNOW WHERE IT ENDS IN THE BUFFER SO YOU
CAN STORE OTHER STUFF AFTER IT.. YOU
CAN FIND THE NEXT AVAILABLE BUFFER ADDR
ESS WITH; AD=PEEK(250)+PEEK(251)*256+1.
YOU MUST DO THIS IMMEDIATELY AFTER TH
E @STASH COMMAND.. AD NOW HAS THE AD
DRESS OF THE NEXT AVAILABLE BUFFER ADDRE
SS. YOU MUST KEEP THESE ADDRESS STORED
SO YOU CAN RECALL THEM WITH THE @FETCH
COMMAND...@FETCH,BUFFER ADDRESS,X,Y. T
HIS WILL RECALL THE STORED AREA AT BUFFE
R ADDRESS AND PUT IT AT X,Y. NO OTHER I
NFORMATION IS NEEDED, AS THE @STASH SAVE
S THE LENGTH AND DEPTH OF THE AREA..
@STASH AND @FETCH ARE VERY RAPID, FAST
ENOUGH FOR SOME TYPES OF ANIMATION. SEE
THE CIRCLE DEMO AND 3D CUBE DEMO PROGRAM
S.. THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS THIS CH
IP CAN DO THAT MOST PEOPLE ARE UNAWARE O
F. IT CAN SCROLL, IT HANDLES LIGHT PENS
, DOUBLE PIXEL MODES, INTERLACED MODES A
ND MORE. WE HAVE ONLY BEGAN TO EXPLORE
IT, AND THE WEDGE IS WRITTEN TO MAKE IT
EASILY EXPANDABLE TO HANDLE NEW COMMANDS
. PERHAPS A HARDCOPY COMMAND, OR A FILL
. THATS WHY WE LEFT SOME ROOM FOR GROWT
H IN THE PROGRAM. WE HAVE SET ASIDE 9K
OF RAM, BUT THE PROGRAM ONLY GOES FROM 7
168 TO 12992. THAT LEAVES US ROOM TO AD
D EVEN MORE COMMANDS IN THE AREA FROM 12
992 TO 16383. YOU COULD USE THAT FREE RA
M FOR CHARACTER SET STORAGE FOR NOW, BUT
BE CAREFUL AND DON'T DISTURB THE RAM FR
OM 7168 TO 12992.. WE WOULD LIKE TO T
HANK ANDY FINKLE AND CAROYLN SHEPPNER OF
COMMODORE FOR THEIR KIND ASSISTANCE ON
THE TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE 8563 CHIP..
IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT ULTRA HIR
ES, YOU CAN WRITE TO THE AUTHORS (LOUIS
WALLACE AND DAVID DARUS) AT:..6124 B SW
11 PL.GAINESVILLE, FL 32607.. OR, Y
OU CAN LEAVE Q-LINK MAIL TO LRW..
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