SOLO FLIGHT 2 D
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): SOLO FLIGHT 2 D
FILE TYPE(S): SEQ
FILE SIZE: 10.7K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:12:27
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
dc9d5583dbe40db924c7506b167bdf41092091e23516ed9cc269735d7747d26c
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WAREZ DOCS 1 3 | SOLO FLIGHT 2 D | SEQ | Sailor, Ganheden | 19 | 0 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 80 2A 50 23 36 0D 80 2A 48 44 32 3A D0 41 47 45 |.*P#6..*HD2:.AGE| 00000010: 20 80 23 2C D3 CF CC CF 20 C6 CC C9 C7 C8 D4 2C | .#,.... ......,| 00000020: 0D 80 2A 50 4C 36 36 3A 54 4C 36 30 0D 80 2A 4E |..*PL66:TL60..*N| 00000030: 42 22 32 53 4F 4C 4F 20 46 4C 49 47 48 54 33 22 |B"2SOLO FLIGHT3"| 00000040: 0D C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 43 4F 4D 49 |..F YOU ARE COMI| 00000050: 4E 47 20 49 4E 20 54 4F 4F 20 4C 4F 57 2C 20 41 |NG IN TOO LOW, A| 00000060: 50 50 4C 59 20 41 20 4C 49 54 54 4C 45 20 4D 4F |PPLY A LITTLE MO| 00000070: 52 45 20 54 48 52 4F 54 54 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 |RE THROTTLE AND | 00000080: 49 4E 43 52 45 41 53 45 20 59 4F 55 52 0D 50 49 |INCREASE YOUR.PI| 00000090: 54 43 48 2E 20 20 D4 48 49 53 20 49 53 20 4B 4E |TCH. .HIS IS KN| 000000A0: 4F 57 4E 20 41 53 20 41 20 44 52 41 47 47 45 44 |OWN AS A DRAGGED| 000000B0: 20 49 4E 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 41 4E 44 | IN APPROACH AND| 000000C0: 20 49 53 20 4E 4F 54 20 53 41 46 45 2E 20 20 C9 | IS NOT SAFE. .| 000000D0: 46 20 59 4F 55 52 0D 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 |F YOUR.AIRCRAFT | 000000E0: 4C 4F 53 54 20 50 4F 57 45 52 20 44 55 52 49 4E |LOST POWER DURIN| 000000F0: 47 20 41 20 44 52 41 47 47 45 44 20 49 4E 20 46 |G A DRAGGED IN F| 00000100: 49 4E 41 4C 2C 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 |INAL, THE AIRCRA| 00000110: 46 54 20 57 4F 55 4C 44 20 53 49 4E 4B 20 49 4E |FT WOULD SINK IN| 00000120: 54 4F 20 54 48 45 0D 45 41 52 54 48 20 53 48 4F |TO THE.EARTH SHO| 00000130: 52 54 4C 59 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 50 4F 57 45 52 |RTLY AFTER POWER| 00000140: 20 4C 4F 53 53 2C 20 57 49 54 48 20 4E 4F 20 43 | LOSS, WITH NO C| 00000150: 48 41 4E 43 45 20 54 4F 20 47 4C 49 44 45 20 54 |HANCE TO GLIDE T| 00000160: 4F 20 54 48 45 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 2E 0D 80 2A |O THE RUNWAY...*| 00000170: 4C 4E 31 0D CA 55 53 54 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 |LN1..UST BEFORE | 00000180: 59 4F 55 20 54 4F 55 43 48 20 44 4F 57 4E 2C 20 |YOU TOUCH DOWN, | 00000190: 50 55 4C 4C 20 42 41 43 4B 20 53 4C 49 47 48 54 |PULL BACK SLIGHT| 000001A0: 4C 59 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 54 49 43 4B 20 |LY ON THE STICK | 000001B0: 54 4F 20 52 45 44 55 43 45 20 59 4F 55 52 0D 44 |TO REDUCE YOUR.D| 000001C0: 45 53 43 45 4E 54 20 52 41 54 45 2E 20 20 D3 4D |ESCENT RATE. .M| 000001D0: 4F 4F 54 48 4C 59 20 52 45 44 55 43 45 20 50 4F |OOTHLY REDUCE PO| 000001E0: 57 45 52 20 41 4E 44 20 41 54 54 45 4D 50 54 20 |WER AND ATTEMPT | 000001F0: 54 4F 20 52 45 41 43 48 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 44 45 |TO REACH ZERO DE| 00000200: 53 43 45 4E 54 20 52 41 54 45 0D 4A 55 53 54 20 |SCENT RATE.JUST | 00000210: 41 53 20 54 48 45 20 57 48 45 45 4C 53 20 54 4F |AS THE WHEELS TO| 00000220: 55 43 48 20 54 48 45 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 2E 20 |UCH THE RUNWAY. | 00000230: 20 C2 45 20 43 41 52 45 46 55 4C 20 48 4F 57 45 | .E CAREFUL HOWE| 00000240: 56 45 52 45 2C 20 49 46 20 59 4F 55 20 46 4C 45 |VERE, IF YOU FLE| 00000250: 57 20 41 20 4C 4F 57 0D 44 52 41 47 47 45 44 20 |W A LOW.DRAGGED | 00000260: 49 4E 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 2E 20 20 D4 48 |IN APPROACH. .H| 00000270: 45 20 48 49 47 48 20 50 49 54 43 48 20 41 54 54 |E HIGH PITCH ATT| 00000280: 49 54 55 44 45 20 41 4E 44 20 50 4F 57 45 52 20 |ITUDE AND POWER | 00000290: 53 45 54 54 49 4E 47 53 20 52 45 51 55 49 52 45 |SETTINGS REQUIRE| 000002A0: 44 20 46 4F 52 0D 53 55 43 48 20 41 4E 20 41 50 |D FOR.SUCH AN AP| 000002B0: 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 20 54 48 41 |PROACH MEANS THA| 000002C0: 54 20 50 4F 57 45 52 20 52 45 55 43 54 49 4F 4E |T POWER REUCTION| 000002D0: 20 4D 41 59 20 52 45 53 55 4C 54 20 49 4E 20 41 | MAY RESULT IN A| 000002E0: 20 4F 56 45 52 20 52 41 50 49 44 20 41 49 52 53 | OVER RAPID AIRS| 000002F0: 50 45 45 44 0D 4C 4F 53 53 20 41 4E 44 20 53 54 |PEED.LOSS AND ST| 00000300: 41 4C 4C 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 43 |ALL BEFORE THE C| 00000310: 52 41 46 54 20 54 4F 55 43 48 45 53 20 44 4F 57 |RAFT TOUCHES DOW| 00000320: 4E 2E 20 20 D7 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F |N. .ITH THE PRO| 00000330: 50 45 52 20 47 4C 49 44 45 20 53 4C 4F 50 45 2C |PER GLIDE SLOPE,| 00000340: 0D 52 41 49 53 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 4E 4F 53 |.RAISING THE NOS| 00000350: 45 20 41 4E 44 20 52 45 44 55 43 49 4E 47 20 54 |E AND REDUCING T| 00000360: 48 45 20 50 4F 57 45 52 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 |HE POWER IN THE | 00000370: 46 4C 41 52 45 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 53 55 4C |FLARE WILL RESUL| 00000380: 54 20 49 4E 20 41 20 31 30 20 4B 4E 4F 54 0D 52 |T IN A 10 KNOT.R| 00000390: 45 44 55 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 4F 46 20 41 49 52 53 |EDUCTION OF AIRS| 000003A0: 50 45 45 44 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 |PEED FROM FINAL | 000003B0: 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 41 49 52 53 50 45 45 |APPROACH AIRSPEE| 000003C0: 44 20 54 4F 20 54 4F 55 43 48 44 4F 57 4E 20 53 |D TO TOUCHDOWN S| 000003D0: 50 45 45 44 20 41 4E 44 20 41 0D 5A 45 52 4F 20 |PEED AND A.ZERO | 000003E0: 53 49 4E 4B 20 52 41 54 45 20 41 54 20 54 4F 55 |SINK RATE AT TOU| 000003F0: 43 48 44 4F 57 4E 21 20 20 C9 4E 20 50 49 4C 4F |CHDOWN! .N PILO| 00000400: 54 20 54 41 4C 4B 2C 20 54 48 41 54 20 4C 41 4E |T TALK, THAT LAN| 00000410: 44 49 4E 47 20 48 41 53 20 42 45 45 4E 20 22 47 |DING HAS BEEN "G| 00000420: 52 45 41 53 45 44 22 2E 0D CF 4E 43 45 20 54 48 |REASED"...NCE TH| 00000430: 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 49 53 20 4F 4E |E AIRCRAFT IS ON| 00000440: 20 54 48 45 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 2C 20 43 55 54 | THE RUNWAY, CUT| 00000450: 20 59 4F 55 52 20 50 4F 57 45 52 20 28 48 49 54 | YOUR POWER (HIT| 00000460: 20 54 48 45 20 5A 45 52 4F 20 44 49 47 49 54 20 | THE ZERO DIGIT | 00000470: 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 4B 45 59 42 4F 41 52 44 29 |ON THE.KEYBOARD)| 00000480: 20 41 4E 44 20 41 50 50 4C 59 20 54 48 45 20 42 | AND APPLY THE B| 00000490: 52 45 41 4B 53 2C 20 28 48 49 54 20 22 C2 22 29 |REAKS, (HIT ".")| 000004A0: 2E 20 20 C1 54 54 45 4D 50 54 20 54 4F 20 53 54 |. .TTEMPT TO ST| 000004B0: 4F 50 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 |OP THE AIRCRAFT | 000004C0: 42 45 46 4F 52 45 0D 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 20 4F |BEFORE.THE END O| 000004D0: 46 20 54 48 45 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 2E 20 20 28 |F THE RUNWAY. (| 000004E0: CF 4E 20 53 4F 4D 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 53 |.N SOME OF THE S| 000004F0: 48 4F 52 54 45 52 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 53 20 54 |HORTER RUNWAYS T| 00000500: 48 49 53 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 44 49 46 46 |HIS WILL BE DIFF| 00000510: 49 43 55 4C 54 0D 55 4E 4C 45 53 53 20 59 4F 55 |ICULT.UNLESS YOU| 00000520: 20 46 4C 59 20 41 20 53 48 4F 52 54 20 46 49 45 | FLY A SHORT FIE| 00000530: 4C 44 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 5B 46 55 4C |LD APPROACH [FUL| 00000540: 4C 20 46 4C 41 50 53 2C 20 31 30 20 4B 4E 4F 54 |L FLAPS, 10 KNOT| 00000550: 53 20 4C 4F 57 20 4F 4E 20 41 49 52 53 50 45 45 |S LOW ON AIRSPEE| 00000560: 44 5D 0D 41 4E 44 20 4C 41 4E 44 20 56 45 52 59 |D].AND LAND VERY| 00000570: 20 43 4C 4F 53 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 41 50 | CLOSE TO THE AP| 00000580: 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 54 48 |PROACH END OF TH| 00000590: 45 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 2E 29 0D 80 2A 4C 4E 31 |E RUNWAY.)..*LN1| 000005A0: 0D C2 45 49 4E 47 20 41 42 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 4C |..EING ABLE TO L| 000005B0: 41 4E 44 20 59 4F 55 52 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 |AND YOUR AIRCRAF| 000005C0: 54 20 55 4E 44 45 52 20 41 4E 59 20 43 4F 4E 44 |T UNDER ANY COND| 000005D0: 49 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 41 54 20 41 4E 59 20 41 49 |ITIONS AT ANY AI| 000005E0: 52 50 4F 52 54 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 57 4F 52 |RPORT IN THE.WOR| 000005F0: 4C 44 20 49 53 20 50 41 52 54 20 4F 46 20 54 48 |LD IS PART OF TH| 00000600: 45 20 54 48 52 49 4C 4C 20 4F 46 20 42 45 49 4E |E THRILL OF BEIN| 00000610: 47 20 41 20 47 52 45 41 54 20 50 49 4C 4F 54 2E |G A GREAT PILOT.| 00000620: 20 20 D0 52 41 43 54 49 43 45 20 59 4F 55 52 20 | .RACTICE YOUR | 00000630: 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 53 0D 57 45 4C 4C 20 41 4E |LANDINGS.WELL AN| 00000640: 44 20 44 4F 4E 27 54 20 42 45 20 41 46 52 41 49 |D DON'T BE AFRAI| 00000650: 44 20 54 4F 20 22 54 41 4B 45 20 49 54 20 41 52 |D TO "TAKE IT AR| 00000660: 4F 55 4E 44 22 20 49 54 20 54 48 45 20 4C 41 4E |OUND" IT THE LAN| 00000670: 44 49 4E 47 20 44 4F 45 53 20 4E 4F 54 20 4C 4F |DING DOES NOT LO| 00000680: 4F 4B 0D 52 49 47 48 54 2E 20 20 D2 45 4D 45 4D |OK.RIGHT. .EMEM| 00000690: 42 45 52 2C 20 54 48 45 20 4F 4E 4C 59 20 47 4F |BER, THE ONLY GO| 000006A0: 4F 44 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 53 20 41 52 45 20 |OD LANDINGS ARE | 000006B0: 54 48 4F 53 45 20 59 4F 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 57 |THOSE YOOU CAN W| 000006C0: 41 4C 4B 20 41 57 41 59 20 46 52 4F 4D 21 21 21 |ALK AWAY FROM!!!| 000006D0: 0D 28 55 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 D0 52 41 43 54 49 |.(USE THE .RACTI| 000006E0: 43 45 2F CC 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 CF 50 54 49 4F |CE/.ANDING .PTIO| 000006F0: 4E 20 49 46 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 48 41 56 |N IF YOU ARE HAV| 00000700: 49 4E 47 20 54 52 4F 55 42 4C 45 20 57 49 54 48 |ING TROUBLE WITH| 00000710: 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 53 2E 29 0D 80 2A 4C 4E | LANDINGS.)..*LN| 00000720: 31 0D C3 C1 D5 D4 C9 CF CE D3 3A 20 D4 41 4B 45 |1.........: .AKE| 00000730: 20 48 45 45 44 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 46 4F 4C | HEED OF THE FOL| 00000740: 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 43 41 55 54 49 4F 4E 53 2C |LOWING CAUTIONS,| 00000750: 20 45 53 50 45 43 43 49 41 4C 4C 59 20 54 48 45 | ESPECCIALLY THE| 00000760: 20 41 44 56 41 4E 43 45 44 0D 44 49 46 46 49 43 | ADVANCED.DIFFIC| 00000770: 55 4C 54 59 20 4C 45 56 45 4C 53 2E 0D 80 2A 4C |ULTY LEVELS...*L| 00000780: 4E 31 0D 31 2E 20 C4 4F 4E 27 54 20 4D 41 4B 45 |N1.1. .ON'T MAKE| 00000790: 20 53 48 41 52 50 20 4F 52 20 48 49 47 48 20 53 | SHARP OR HIGH S| 000007A0: 50 45 45 44 20 54 55 52 4E 53 20 57 48 49 4C 45 |PEED TURNS WHILE| 000007B0: 20 54 41 58 49 49 4E 47 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 52 20 | TAXIING. .OUR | 000007C0: 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 47 45 41 52 0D 20 20 20 |LANDING GEAR. | 000007D0: 53 54 52 55 54 53 20 41 52 45 20 44 45 4C 49 43 |STRUTS ARE DELIC| 000007E0: 41 54 45 20 41 4E 44 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 |ATE AND YOU ARE | 000007F0: 4C 49 41 42 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 47 52 4F 55 4E 44 |LIABLE TO GROUND| 00000800: 20 4C 4F 4F 50 2E 0D 32 2E 20 C4 4F 4E 27 54 20 | LOOP..2. .ON'T | 00000810: 4C 4F 53 45 20 59 4F 55 52 20 41 49 52 53 50 45 |LOSE YOUR AIRSPE| 00000820: 45 44 20 41 4E 44 20 53 54 41 4C 4C 20 57 48 45 |ED AND STALL WHE| 00000830: 4E 20 41 54 54 45 4D 50 54 49 4E 47 20 41 20 53 |N ATTEMPTING A S| 00000840: 4C 4F 57 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 2E 20 20 D5 53 |LOW LANDING. .S| 00000850: 45 20 59 4F 55 52 0D 20 20 20 46 4C 41 50 53 20 |E YOUR. FLAPS | 00000860: 54 4F 20 4C 4F 57 45 52 20 53 54 41 4C 4C 20 41 |TO LOWER STALL A| 00000870: 49 52 53 50 45 45 44 2E 0D 33 2E 20 D0 4C 41 4E |IRSPEED..3. .LAN| 00000880: 20 59 4F 55 52 20 52 4F 55 54 45 20 4F 4E 20 54 | YOUR ROUTE ON T| 00000890: 48 45 20 4D 41 50 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 54 41 |HE MAP BEFORE TA| 000008A0: 4B 49 4E 47 20 4F 46 46 2E 20 20 C1 20 53 55 44 |KING OFF. . SUD| 000008B0: 44 45 4E 20 4C 4F 57 45 52 49 4E 47 20 4F 46 20 |DEN LOWERING OF | 000008C0: 54 48 45 0D 20 20 20 43 4C 4F 55 44 53 20 4F 52 |THE. CLOUDS OR| 000008D0: 20 41 4E 20 45 4D 45 52 47 45 4E 43 59 20 4D 41 | AN EMERGENCY MA| 000008E0: 59 20 48 49 44 45 20 46 41 4D 49 4C 49 41 52 20 |Y HIDE FAMILIAR | 000008F0: 4C 41 4E 44 4D 41 52 4B 53 20 4F 52 20 52 45 51 |LANDMARKS OR REQ| 00000900: 55 49 52 45 20 41 4E 20 49 4D 4D 45 44 49 41 54 |UIRE AN IMMEDIAT| 00000910: 45 0D 20 20 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 2E 0D 34 2E |E. LANDING..4.| 00000920: 20 C4 4F 4E 27 54 20 54 55 52 4E 20 59 4F 55 52 | .ON'T TURN YOUR| 00000930: 20 45 4E 47 49 4E 45 20 41 54 20 46 55 4C 4C 20 | ENGINE AT FULL | 00000940: 50 4F 57 45 52 20 46 4F 52 20 54 4F 4F 20 4C 4F |POWER FOR TOO LO| 00000950: 4E 47 3A 20 4F 56 45 52 48 45 41 54 49 4E 47 20 |NG: OVERHEATING | 00000960: 49 53 20 4C 49 4B 45 4C 59 20 54 4F 0D 20 20 20 |IS LIKELY TO. | 00000970: 4F 43 43 55 52 2E 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |OCCUR.. | 00000980: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000990: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000009A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000009B0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000009C0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000009D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000009E0: 20 20 20 20 20 80 2A 4C 4E 31 0D CF 4E 43 45 20 | .*LN1..NCE | 000009F0: 54 48 45 20 50 49 4C 4F 54 20 43 41 4E 20 4B 45 |THE PILOT CAN KE| 00000A00: 45 50 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 |EP THE AIRCRAFT | 00000A10: 55 4E 44 45 52 20 43 4F 4E 54 52 4F 4C 2C 20 49 |UNDER CONTROL, I| 00000A20: 2E 45 2E 20 46 4C 59 49 4E 47 20 53 54 52 41 49 |.E. FLYING STRAI| 00000A30: 47 48 54 20 41 4E 44 20 4C 45 56 45 4C 2C 20 48 |GHT AND LEVEL, H| 00000A40: 45 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 47 49 4E 20 54 4F 20 53 |E CAN BEGIN TO S| 00000A50: 43 41 4E 20 54 48 45 20 4E 41 56 49 47 41 54 49 |CAN THE NAVIGATI| 00000A60: 4F 4E 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 4C |ON INSTRUMENTS L| 00000A70: 4F 43 41 54 45 44 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 52 49 |OCATED ON THE RI| 00000A80: 47 48 54 20 42 4F 54 54 4F 4D 20 4F 46 20 54 48 |GHT BOTTOM OF TH| 00000A90: 45 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 4D 45 4E 54 20 50 41 4E |E INSTRUMENT PAN| 00000AA0: 45 4C 2E 20 20 CF 4E 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 49 4E |EL. .NCE THE IN| 00000AB0: 44 49 43 41 54 4F 52 53 20 28 52 41 44 49 41 4C |DICATORS (RADIAL| 00000AC0: 53 20 4F 46 46 20 4F 46 20 D6 CF D2 20 31 20 41 |S OFF OF ... 1 A| 00000AD0: 4E 44 20 D6 CF D2 20 32 29 20 48 41 56 45 20 42 |ND ... 2) HAVE B| 00000AE0: 45 45 4E 20 52 45 41 44 2C 20 52 45 54 55 52 4E |EEN READ, RETURN| 00000AF0: 20 54 48 45 20 43 52 4F 53 53 43 48 45 43 4B 20 | THE CROSSCHECK | 00000B00: 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 41 54 54 49 54 55 44 45 20 |TO THE ATTITUDE | 00000B10: 49 4E 44 49 43 41 54 4F 52 20 41 53 20 59 4F 55 |INDICATOR AS YOU| 00000B20: 20 41 4E 41 4C 59 5A 45 20 54 48 45 20 D6 CF D2 | ANALYZE THE ...| 00000B30: 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 0D 80 2A | INFORMATION...*| 00000B40: 4C 4E 31 0D D6 CF D2 80 A3 CE C1 D6 C9 C7 C1 D4 |LN1.............| 00000B50: C9 CF CE 3A 0D 80 2A 4C 4E 31 0D D6 CF D2 20 4E |...:..*LN1.... N| 00000B60: 41 56 49 47 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 49 53 20 42 41 53 |AVIGATION IS BAS| 00000B70: 45 44 20 4F 4E 20 41 20 53 45 52 49 45 53 20 4F |ED ON A SERIES O| 00000B80: 46 20 47 52 4F 55 4E 44 20 53 54 41 54 49 4F 4E |F GROUND STATION| 00000B90: 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 53 45 4E 44 20 4F 55 54 20 |S THAT SEND OUT | 00000BA0: 52 41 44 49 4F 20 53 49 47 4E 41 4C 53 2E 20 20 |RADIO SIGNALS. | 00000BB0: D4 48 45 53 45 20 53 49 47 4E 41 4C 53 20 41 52 |.HESE SIGNALS AR| 00000BC0: 45 20 52 45 43 45 49 56 45 44 20 42 59 20 49 4E |E RECEIVED BY IN| 00000BD0: 53 54 52 55 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 |STRUMENTS IN THE| 00000BE0: 20 43 4F 43 4B 50 49 54 20 41 4E 44 20 44 45 43 | COCKPIT AND DEC| 00000BF0: 4F 44 45 44 20 41 4E 44 20 52 45 41 44 20 41 53 |ODED AND READ AS| 00000C00: 20 42 45 41 52 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 41 20 50 41 | BEARING TO A PA| 00000C10: 52 54 49 43 55 4C 41 52 20 D6 CF D2 20 53 54 41 |RTICULAR ... STA| 00000C20: 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 |TION. .HERE IS | 00000C30: 4E 4F 20 52 41 4E 47 45 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 |NO RANGE INFORMA| 00000C40: 54 49 4F 4E 20 41 53 53 4F 43 49 41 54 45 44 20 |TION ASSOCIATED | 00000C50: 57 49 54 48 20 D6 CF D2 20 4E 41 56 49 47 41 54 |WITH ... NAVIGAT| 00000C60: 49 4F 4E 2E 20 20 D0 52 45 43 49 53 45 20 50 4F |ION. .RECISE PO| 00000C70: 53 49 54 49 4F 4E 49 4E 47 20 49 53 20 42 41 53 |SITIONING IS BAS| 00000C80: 45 44 20 4F 4E 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 52 41 44 |ED ON EITHER RAD| 00000C90: 49 41 4C 20 54 52 49 41 4E 47 55 4C 41 54 49 4F |IAL TRIANGULATIO| 00000CA0: 4E 20 4F 52 20 4F 4E 20 52 41 44 49 41 4C 20 43 |N OR ON RADIAL C| 00000CB0: 4F 55 52 53 45 20 47 55 49 44 41 4E 43 45 2C 20 |OURSE GUIDANCE, | 00000CC0: 57 49 54 48 20 54 49 4D 49 4E 47 20 46 52 4F 4D |WITH TIMING FROM| 00000CD0: 20 41 20 4B 4E 4F 57 4E 20 D6 CF D2 20 53 54 41 | A KNOWN ... STA| 00000CE0: 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 45 4E 54 49 52 |TION. .HE ENTIR| 00000CF0: 45 20 D5 4E 49 54 45 44 20 D3 54 41 54 45 53 2C |E .NITED .TATES,| 00000D00: 20 41 4E 44 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 46 4F 52 45 49 47 | AND MOST FOREIG| 00000D10: 4E 20 43 4F 55 4E 54 52 49 45 53 20 48 41 56 45 |N COUNTRIES HAVE| 00000D20: 20 56 45 52 59 20 43 4F 4D 50 4C 45 54 45 20 D6 | VERY COMPLETE .| 00000D30: CF D2 20 53 59 53 54 45 4D 53 20 57 48 45 52 45 |.. SYSTEMS WHERE| 00000D40: 20 41 4E 59 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 43 41 4E 20 42 | ANY POINT CAN B| 00000D50: 45 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 41 53 20 41 20 49 |E DEFINED AS A I| 00000D60: 4E 54 45 52 53 45 43 54 49 4F 4E 20 50 4F 49 4E |NTERSECTION POIN| 00000D70: 54 20 42 45 54 57 45 45 4E 20 4D 55 4C 54 49 50 |T BETWEEN MULTIP| 00000D80: 4C 45 20 D6 CF D2 20 53 54 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 2E |LE ... STATIONS.| 00000D90: 20 20 C9 4E 20 D3 4F 4C 4F 20 C6 4C 49 47 48 54 | .N .OLO .LIGHT| 00000DA0: 2C 20 45 41 43 48 20 41 49 52 50 4F 52 54 20 49 |, EACH AIRPORT I| 00000DB0: 53 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 41 53 20 41 20 52 |S DEFINED AS A R| 00000DC0: 41 44 49 41 4C 20 49 4E 54 45 52 53 45 43 54 49 |ADIAL INTERSECTI| 00000DD0: 4F 4E 2E 20 20 28 C1 20 52 41 44 49 41 4C 20 42 |ON. (. RADIAL B| 00000DE0: 45 41 52 49 4E 47 20 49 53 20 41 20 4E 55 4D 42 |EARING IS A NUMB| 00000DF0: 45 52 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 30 20 54 4F 20 33 36 30 |ER FROM 0 TO 360| 00000E00: 20 54 48 41 54 20 49 46 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 | THAT IF THE AIR| 00000E10: 43 52 41 46 54 20 57 41 53 20 54 55 52 4E 45 44 |CRAFT WAS TURNED| 00000E20: 20 41 4E 44 20 46 4C 4F 57 4E 20 4F 4E 20 41 20 | AND FLOWN ON A | 00000E30: 48 45 41 44 49 4E 47 20 31 38 30 20 44 45 47 52 |HEADING 180 DEGR| 00000E40: 45 45 53 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 54 48 45 20 52 41 44 |EES FROM THE RAD| 00000E50: 49 41 4C 20 42 45 41 52 49 4E 47 2C 20 54 48 45 |IAL BEARING, THE| 00000E60: 20 46 4C 49 47 48 54 20 50 41 54 48 20 57 4F 55 | FLIGHT PATH WOU| 00000E70: 4C 44 20 42 45 20 49 4E 42 4F 55 4E 44 20 54 4F |LD BE INBOUND TO| 00000E80: 20 54 48 45 20 D6 CF D2 20 53 54 41 54 49 4F 4E | THE ... STATION| 00000E90: 29 2E 0D 80 2A 4C 4E 32 0D CE 4F 52 54 48 20 4F |)...*LN2..ORTH O| 00000EA0: 46 20 54 48 45 20 D6 CF D2 20 53 54 41 54 49 4F |F THE ... 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|OVE NORMAL FINAL| 00001D10: 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 41 4C 54 49 54 55 | APPROACH ALTITU| 00001D20: 44 45 2E 20 20 54 48 45 20 50 49 4C 4F 54 20 4D |DE. THE PILOT M| 00001D30: 41 59 20 41 4C 53 4F 20 42 45 20 41 53 4B 45 44 |AY ALSO BE ASKED| 00001D40: 20 54 4F 20 46 4C 59 20 41 20 53 54 41 4E 44 41 | TO FLY A STANDA| 00001D50: 52 44 20 22 C2 CF D8 22 20 50 41 54 54 45 52 4E |RD "..." PATTERN| 00001D60: 20 46 4F 52 20 50 4F 53 49 54 49 4F 4E 49 4E 47 | FOR POSITIONING| 00001D70: 20 54 4F 20 41 20 D6 CF D2 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 2C | TO A ... FINAL,| 00001D80: 20 41 4E 20 C9 CC D3 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 2C 20 4F | AN ... FINAL, O| 00001D90: 52 20 41 20 C7 52 4F 55 4E 44 20 C3 4F 4E 54 52 |R A .ROUND .ONTR| 00001DA0: 4F 4C 4C 45 44 20 C1 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 28 |OLLED .PPROACH (| 00001DB0: C7 C3 C1 29 2E 20 20 C1 20 42 4F 58 20 50 41 54 |...). . BOX PAT| 00001DC0: 54 45 52 4E 20 49 53 20 41 20 52 45 43 54 41 4E |TERN IS A RECTAN| 00001DD0: 47 55 4C 41 52 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 57 |GULAR APPROACH W| 00001DE0: 49 54 48 20 4F 4E 45 20 4C 4F 4E 47 20 53 49 44 |ITH ONE LONG SID| 00001DF0: 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 52 45 43 54 41 4E 47 |E OF THE RECTANG| 00001E00: 4C 45 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 42 59 20 54 48 |LE DEFINED BY TH| 00001E10: 45 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 |E LANDING RUNWAY| 00001E20: 2E 20 20 C1 20 39 30 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 20 54 |. . 90 DEGREE T| 00001E30: 55 52 4E 20 45 49 54 48 45 52 20 4C 45 46 54 20 |URN EITHER LEFT | 00001E40: 4F 52 20 52 49 47 48 54 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 54 |OR RIGHT AFTER T| 00001E50: 41 4B 45 4F 46 46 20 49 53 20 22 43 52 4F 53 53 |AKEOFF IS "CROSS| 00001E60: 57 49 4E 44 22 2E 20 20 C3 52 4F 53 53 57 49 4E |WIND". .ROSSWIN| 00001E70: 44 20 49 53 20 55 53 45 44 20 54 4F 20 50 52 4F |D IS USED TO PRO| 00001E80: 56 49 44 45 20 53 50 41 43 49 4E 47 20 42 45 54 |VIDE SPACING BET| 00001E90: 57 45 45 4E 20 4D 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 45 20 41 49 |WEEN MULTIPLE AI| 00001EA0: 52 43 52 41 46 54 2E 20 20 D4 55 52 4E 49 4E 47 |RCRAFT. .URNING| 00001EB0: 20 39 30 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 53 20 41 47 41 49 | 90 DEGREES AGAI| 00001EC0: 4E 20 28 54 4F 20 42 45 20 31 38 30 20 44 45 47 |N (TO BE 180 DEG| 00001ED0: 52 45 45 53 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 |REES FROM RUNWAY| 00001EE0: 20 48 45 41 44 49 4E 47 29 20 50 55 54 53 20 54 | HEADING) PUTS T| 00001EF0: 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 4F 4E 20 44 |HE AIRCRAFT ON D| 00001F00: 4F 57 4E 57 49 4E 44 2E 20 20 C1 20 39 30 20 44 |OWNWIND. . 90 D| 00001F10: 45 47 52 45 45 20 54 55 52 4E 20 42 41 43 4B 20 |EGREE TURN BACK | 00001F20: 54 4F 57 41 52 44 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 41 50 50 |TOWARD FINAL APP| 00001F30: 52 4F 41 43 48 20 50 55 54 53 20 54 48 45 20 41 |ROACH PUTS THE A| 00001F40: 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 4F 4E 20 42 41 53 45 20 |IRCRAFT ON BASE | 00001F50: 4C 45 47 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 |LEG. .HE AIRCRA| 00001F60: 46 54 20 53 48 4F 55 4C 44 20 42 45 20 43 4F 4E |FT SHOULD BE CON| 00001F70: 46 49 47 55 52 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 20 47 45 41 |FIGURED WITH GEA| 00001F80: 52 20 41 4E 44 20 46 4C 41 50 53 20 42 59 20 42 |R AND FLAPS BY B| 00001F90: 41 53 45 20 4C 45 47 20 41 4E 44 20 46 4C 4F 57 |ASE LEG AND FLOW| 00001FA0: 4E 20 41 54 20 31 30 2D 31 35 20 4B 4E 4F 54 53 |N AT 10-15 KNOTS| 00001FB0: 20 41 42 4F 56 45 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 41 50 50 | ABOVE FINAL APP| 00001FC0: 52 4F 41 43 48 20 41 49 52 53 50 45 45 44 2E 20 |ROACH AIRSPEED. | 00001FD0: 20 D4 55 52 4E 49 4E 47 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 42 41 | .URNING FROM BA| 00001FE0: 53 45 20 4C 45 47 20 54 4F 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 |SE LEG TO FINAL | 00001FF0: 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 |APPROACH CAN BE | 00002000: 41 43 43 4F 4D 50 4C 49 53 48 45 44 20 42 59 20 |ACCOMPLISHED BY | 00002010: 4F 4E 45 20 39 30 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 20 54 55 |ONE 90 DEGREE TU| 00002020: 52 4E 20 54 4F 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 20 48 45 41 |RN TO RUNWAY HEA| 00002030: 44 49 4E 47 20 4F 52 20 42 59 20 54 57 4F 20 34 |DING OR BY TWO 4| 00002040: 35 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 20 54 55 52 4E 53 2E 20 |5 DEGREE TURNS. | 00002050: 20 D5 53 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 57 20 34 35 20 44 45 | .SING TOW 45 DE| 00002060: 47 52 45 45 20 54 55 52 4E 53 20 49 53 20 43 41 |GREE TURNS IS CA| 00002070: 4C 4C 45 44 20 C4 CF C7 CC C5 C7 20 54 4F 20 46 |LLED ...... TO F| 00002080: 49 4E 41 4C 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 4F 42 4A 45 43 |INAL. .HE OBJEC| 00002090: 54 49 56 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 42 4F 58 20 |TIVE OF THE BOX | 000020A0: 50 41 54 54 45 52 4E 20 49 53 20 54 4F 20 50 4F |PATTERN IS TO PO| 000020B0: 53 49 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 |SITION THE AIRCR| 000020C0: 41 46 54 20 4F 4E 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 41 50 50 |AFT ON FINAL APP| 000020D0: 52 4F 41 43 48 2C 20 48 45 41 44 45 44 20 49 4E |ROACH, HEADED IN| 000020E0: 42 4F 55 4E 44 2C 20 57 49 54 48 20 45 4E 4F 55 |BOUND, WITH ENOU| 000020F0: 47 48 20 54 49 4D 45 20 54 4F 20 44 45 53 43 45 |GH TIME TO DESCE| 00002100: 4E 44 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 CD C4 C1 20 50 52 |ND TO THE ... PR| 00002110: 49 4F 52 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 CD C1 D0 21 20 |IOR TO THE ...! | 00002120: 20 D5 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 D3 4F 4C 4F 20 C6 4C | .SE THE .OLO .L| 00002130: 49 47 48 54 20 D0 D2 C1 C3 D4 C9 C3 C5 2F C9 C6 |IGHT ......../..| 00002140: D2 20 4F 50 54 49 4F 4E 20 54 4F 20 50 52 41 43 |. OPTION TO PRAC| 00002150: 54 49 43 45 20 42 4F 58 20 50 41 54 54 45 52 4E |TICE BOX PATTERN| 00002160: 53 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 4F 4E 45 20 D6 CF D2 20 |S USING ONE ... | 00002170: 46 4F 52 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 41 50 50 52 4F 53 |FOR FINAL APPROS| 00002180: 43 48 20 47 55 49 44 41 4E 43 45 20 41 4E 44 20 |CH GUIDANCE AND | 00002190: 54 48 45 20 53 45 43 4F 4E 44 20 D6 CF D2 20 54 |THE SECOND ... T| 000021A0: 4F 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 20 41 20 43 52 4F 53 53 |O DEFINE A CROSS| 000021B0: 20 52 41 44 49 41 4C 20 41 53 20 54 48 45 20 CD | RADIAL AS THE .| 000021C0: C1 D0 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 52 20 56 49 44 45 4F 20 |... .OUR VIDEO | 000021D0: 4D 41 50 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 50 4C 4F 54 20 59 4F |MAP WILL PLOT YO| 000021E0: 55 52 20 41 43 54 55 41 4C 20 43 4F 55 52 53 45 |UR ACTUAL COURSE| 000021F0: 20 4F 4E 43 45 20 59 4F 55 20 48 41 56 45 20 4C | ONCE YOU HAVE L| 00002200: 41 4E 44 45 44 20 41 54 20 59 4F 55 52 20 44 45 |ANDED AT YOUR DE| 00002210: 53 54 49 4E 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 0D 80 2A 4C 4E 33 |STINATION...*LN3| 00002220: 0D D0 D2 C5 C3 C9 D3 C9 CF CE 80 A3 C1 D0 D0 D2 |................| 00002230: CF C1 C3 C8 C5 D3 3A 20 D4 48 45 20 48 49 47 48 |......: .HE HIGH| 00002240: 20 41 4E 44 20 4C 4F 57 20 41 4C 54 49 54 55 44 | AND LOW ALTITUD| 00002250: 45 20 41 4E 44 20 42 4F 58 20 50 41 54 54 45 52 |E AND BOX PATTER| 00002260: 4E 20 D6 CF D2 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 45 53 |N ... APPROACHES| 00002270: 20 41 52 45 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 41 53 20 | ARE DEFINED AS | 00002280: 4E 4F 4E 2D 50 52 45 43 49 53 49 4F 4E 20 41 50 |NON-PRECISION AP| 00002290: 50 52 4F 41 43 48 45 53 20 42 45 43 41 55 53 45 |PROACHES BECAUSE| 000022A0: 20 4E 4F 20 44 49 52 45 43 54 20 47 4C 49 44 45 | NO DIRECT GLIDE| 000022B0: 53 4C 4F 50 45 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F |SLOPE INFORMATIO| 000022C0: 4E 20 28 41 4C 54 49 54 55 44 45 20 56 45 52 53 |N (ALTITUDE VERS| 000022D0: 55 53 20 44 49 53 54 41 4E 43 45 20 54 4F 20 52 |US DISTANCE TO R| 000022E0: 55 4E 57 41 59 29 20 49 53 20 41 56 41 49 4C 41 |UNWAY) IS AVAILA| 000022F0: 42 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 50 49 4C 4F 54 |BLE TO THE PILOT| 00002300: 2E 20 20 D0 52 45 43 49 53 49 4F 4E 20 41 50 50 |. .RECISION APP| 00002310: 52 4F 41 43 48 45 53 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 46 |ROACHES CAN BE F| 00002320: 4C 4F 57 4E 20 49 4E 20 D3 4F 4C 4F 20 C6 4C 49 |LOWN IN .OLO .LI| 00002330: 47 48 54 20 42 59 20 43 4F 4D 42 49 4E 49 4E 47 |GHT BY COMBINING| 00002340: 20 D6 CF D2 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 41 50 50 52 4F | ... FINAL APPRO| 00002350: 41 43 48 20 41 4E 44 20 CD C1 D0 20 50 4F 53 49 |ACH AND ... POSI| 00002360: 54 49 4F 4E 49 4E 47 20 57 49 54 48 20 49 4E 53 |TIONING WITH INS| 00002370: 54 52 55 4D 45 4E 54 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 |TRUMENT LANDING | 00002380: 53 59 53 54 45 4D 20 47 4C 49 44 45 53 4C 4F 50 |SYSTEM GLIDESLOP| 00002390: 45 20 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 20 |E INFORMATION. | 000023A0: D4 48 45 20 C9 CC D3 20 49 4E 44 49 43 41 54 4F |.HE ... INDICATO| 000023B0: 52 20 49 53 20 4C 4F 43 41 54 45 44 20 4F 4E 20 |R IS LOCATED ON | 000023C0: 54 48 45 20 52 49 47 48 54 20 53 49 44 45 20 4F |THE RIGHT SIDE O| 000023D0: 46 20 54 48 45 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 4D 45 4E 54 |F THE INSTRUMENT| 000023E0: 20 50 41 4E 45 4C 2C 20 4A 55 53 54 20 41 42 4F | PANEL, JUST ABO| 000023F0: 56 45 20 54 48 45 20 D6 CF D2 20 49 4E 44 49 43 |VE THE ... INDIC| 00002400: 41 54 4F 52 53 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 48 4F 52 49 |ATORS. .HE HORI| 00002410: 5A 4F 4E 54 41 4C 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 4F 4E 20 54 |ZONTAL LINE ON T| 00002420: 48 45 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 4D 45 4E 54 20 50 41 |HE INSTRUMENT PA| 00002430: 4E 45 4C 20 52 45 50 52 45 53 45 4E 54 53 20 54 |NEL REPRESENTS T| 00002440: 48 45 20 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 20 46 49 4E 41 4C |HE CORRECT FINAL| 00002450: 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 41 4C 54 49 54 55 | APPROACH ALTITU| 00002460: 44 45 2E 20 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 |DE. THE AIRCRAF| 00002470: 54 20 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 20 50 4F 53 49 54 49 4F |T SYMBOL POSITIO| 00002480: 4E 20 49 4E 44 49 43 41 54 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 |N INDICATES THE | 00002490: 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 41 4C 54 49 54 55 44 |AIRCRAFT ALTITUD| 000024A0: 45 20 52 45 4C 41 54 49 56 45 20 54 4F 20 54 48 |E RELATIVE TO TH| 000024B0: 45 20 50 52 4F 50 45 52 20 47 4C 49 44 45 53 4C |E PROPER GLIDESL| 000024C0: 4F 50 45 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 47 4C 49 44 45 53 |OPE. .HE GLIDES| 000024D0: 4C 4F 50 45 20 49 53 20 4E 4F 52 4D 41 4C 4C 59 |LOPE IS NORMALLY| 000024E0: 20 41 20 33 2D 35 20 44 45 47 52 45 45 20 44 45 | A 3-5 DEGREE DE| 000024F0: 53 43 45 4E 54 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 54 48 45 20 46 |SCENT FROM THE F| 00002500: 49 4E 41 4C 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 20 46 49 |INAL APPROACH FI| 00002510: 58 20 54 4F 20 C4 45 43 49 53 49 4F 4E 20 C8 45 |X TO .ECISION .E| 00002520: 49 47 48 54 2E 20 20 C4 C8 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 |IGHT. .. IS THE| 00002530: 20 53 41 4D 45 20 41 53 20 CD C4 C1 20 42 55 54 | SAME AS ... BUT| 00002540: 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 20 41 53 20 4D 49 4E 49 | DEFINED AS MINI| 00002550: 4D 55 4D 20 41 4C 54 49 54 55 44 45 20 41 4C 4C |MUM ALTITUDE ALL| 00002560: 4F 57 45 44 20 4F 4E 20 54 48 45 20 47 4C 49 44 |OWED ON THE GLID| 00002570: 45 53 4C 4F 50 45 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 54 48 45 20 |ESLOPE. .F THE | 00002580: 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 20 |AIRCRAFT SYMBOL | 00002590: 49 53 20 41 42 4F 56 45 20 54 48 45 20 48 4F 52 |IS ABOVE THE HOR| 000025A0: 49 5A 4F 4E 54 41 4C 20 4C 49 4E 45 2C 20 54 48 |IZONTAL LINE, TH| 000025B0: 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 49 53 20 41 42 |E AIRCRAFT IS AB| 000025C0: 4F 56 45 20 47 4C 49 44 45 53 4C 4F 50 45 2E 20 |OVE GLIDESLOPE. | 000025D0: 20 D2 45 44 55 43 45 20 50 4F 57 45 52 20 53 4C | .EDUCE POWER SL| 000025E0: 49 47 48 54 4C 59 20 41 4E 44 20 4C 4F 57 45 52 |IGHTLY AND LOWER| 000025F0: 20 54 48 45 20 4E 4F 53 45 20 54 4F 20 49 4E 43 | THE NOSE TO INC| 00002600: 52 45 41 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 44 45 53 43 45 4E |REASE THE DESCEN| 00002610: 54 20 52 41 54 45 20 42 59 20 32 30 30 20 54 4F |T RATE BY 200 TO| 00002620: 20 33 30 30 20 46 45 45 54 20 50 45 52 20 4D 49 | 300 FEET PER MI| 00002630: 4E 55 54 45 2E 20 20 C1 53 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 |NUTE. .S THE AI| 00002640: 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 20 43 45 |RCRAFT SYMBOL CE| 00002650: 4E 54 45 52 53 20 4F 4E 20 47 4C 49 44 45 53 4C |NTERS ON GLIDESL| 00002660: 4F 50 45 2C 20 49 4E 43 52 45 41 53 45 20 50 4F |OPE, INCREASE PO| 00002670: 57 45 52 20 53 4C 49 47 48 54 4C 59 20 41 4E 44 |WER SLIGHTLY AND| 00002680: 20 52 41 49 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 4E 4F 53 45 20 | RAISE THE NOSE | 00002690: 54 4F 20 52 45 45 53 54 41 42 4C 49 53 48 20 54 |TO REESTABLISH T| 000026A0: 48 45 20 43 4F 52 52 45 43 54 20 2D 34 30 30 20 |HE CORRECT -400 | 000026B0: 54 4F 20 2D 35 30 30 20 C6 D0 CD 20 44 45 53 43 |TO -500 ... DESC| 000026C0: 45 4E 54 20 52 41 54 45 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 54 48 |ENT RATE. .F TH| 000026D0: 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 53 59 4D 42 4F |E AIRCRAFT SYMBO| 000026E0: 4C 20 49 53 20 42 45 4C 4F 57 20 54 48 45 20 48 |L IS BELOW THE H| 000026F0: 4F 52 49 5A 49 4E 54 41 4C 20 4C 49 4E 45 2C 20 |ORIZINTAL LINE, | 00002700: 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 49 53 20 |THE AIRCRAFT IS | 00002710: 42 45 4C 4F 57 20 47 4C 49 44 45 53 4C 4F 50 45 |BELOW GLIDESLOPE| 00002720: 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 50 49 4C 4F 54 20 4D 55 53 |. .HE PILOT MUS| 00002730: 54 20 52 45 44 55 43 45 20 48 49 53 20 44 45 53 |T REDUCE HIS DES| 00002740: 43 45 4E 54 20 52 41 54 45 20 4F 52 20 43 4C 49 |CENT RATE OR CLI| 00002750: 4D 42 20 53 4C 49 47 48 54 4C 59 20 54 4F 20 52 |MB SLIGHTLY TO R| 00002760: 45 45 53 54 41 42 4C 49 53 48 20 54 48 45 20 50 |EESTABLISH THE P| 00002770: 52 4F 50 45 52 20 47 4C 49 44 45 53 4C 4F 50 45 |ROPER GLIDESLOPE| 00002780: 2E 20 20 CF 4E 43 45 20 54 48 45 20 41 49 52 43 |. .NCE THE AIRC| 00002790: 52 41 46 54 20 49 53 20 4D 41 49 4E 54 41 49 4E |RAFT IS MAINTAIN| 000027A0: 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 50 45 52 20 47 |ING THE PROPER G| 000027B0: 4C 49 44 45 53 4C 4F 50 45 20 41 4E 44 20 52 41 |LIDESLOPE AND RA| 000027C0: 44 49 41 4C 20 48 45 41 44 49 4E 47 2C 20 46 4C |DIAL HEADING, FL| 000027D0: 59 20 44 4F 57 4E 20 54 48 45 20 47 4C 49 44 45 |Y DOWN THE GLIDE| 000027E0: 53 4C 4F 50 45 20 55 4E 54 49 4C 20 C4 C8 20 4F |SLOPE UNTIL .. O| 000027F0: 52 20 54 48 45 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 20 49 53 20 |R THE RUNWAY IS | 00002800: 53 49 47 48 54 45 44 2C 20 57 48 49 43 48 20 45 |SIGHTED, WHICH E| 00002810: 56 52 20 4F 43 43 55 52 53 20 46 49 52 53 54 2E |VR OCCURS FIRST.| 00002820: 20 20 C9 46 20 CD C4 C1 20 50 4F 53 49 54 49 4F | .F ... POSITIO| 00002830: 4E 20 4F 52 20 C4 C8 20 41 4C 54 49 54 55 44 45 |N OR .. ALTITUDE| 00002840: 20 49 53 20 52 45 41 43 48 45 44 20 57 49 54 48 | IS REACHED WITH| 00002850: 4F 55 54 20 54 48 45 20 52 55 4E 57 41 59 20 49 |OUT THE RUNWAY I| 00002860: 4E 20 53 49 47 48 54 20 57 49 54 48 20 54 48 45 |N SIGHT WITH THE| 00002870: 20 41 49 52 43 52 41 46 54 20 49 4E 20 50 4F 53 | AIRCRAFT IN POS| 00002880: 49 54 49 4F 4E 20 46 4F 52 20 41 20 53 41 46 45 |ITION FOR A SAFE| 00002890: 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 2C 20 41 44 56 41 4E 43 | LANDING, ADVANC| 000028A0: 45 20 50 4F 57 45 52 20 41 4E 44 20 45 58 45 43 |E POWER AND EXEC| 000028B0: 55 54 45 20 41 20 4D 49 53 53 45 44 20 41 50 50 |UTE A MISSED APP| 000028C0: 52 4F 41 43 48 2E 20 20 D4 52 59 20 41 4E 4F 54 |ROACH. .RY ANOT| 000028D0: 48 45 52 20 4F 52 20 47 4F 20 54 4F 20 41 4E 4F |HER OR GO TO ANO| 000028E0: 54 48 45 52 20 41 49 52 50 4F 52 54 21 21 0D 80 |THER AIRPORT!!..| 000028F0: 2A 4C 4E 31 0D C9 CC D3 20 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 |*LN1.... IS THE | 00002900: 4D 4F 53 54 20 41 43 43 55 52 41 54 45 20 41 55 |MOST ACCURATE AU| 00002910: 54 4F 4D 41 54 45 44 20 4C 41 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 |TOMATED LANDING | 00002920: 53 59 53 54 45 4D 20 43 55 52 52 45 4E 54 4C 59 |SYSTEM CURRENTLY| 00002930: 20 41 56 41 49 4C 41 42 4C 45 20 54 4F 20 50 49 | AVAILABLE TO PI| 00002940: 4C 4F 54 53 20 49 4E 20 42 41 44 20 57 45 41 54 |LOTS IN BAD WEAT| 00002950: 48 45 52 2E 20 20 D3 4F 4D 45 20 4D 4F 44 45 52 |HER. .OME MODER| 00002960: 4E 20 41 49 52 4C 49 4E 45 52 53 20 43 41 4E 20 |N AIRLINERS CAN | 00002970: 4C 41 4E 44 20 49 4E 20 4E 45 41 52 20 30 2F 30 |LAND IN NEAR 0/0| 00002980: 20 43 4F 4E 44 49 54 49 4F 4E 53 2E 20 20 D9 4F | CONDITIONS. .O| 00002990: 55 52 20 D3 4F 4C 4F 20 C6 4C 49 47 48 54 20 57 |UR .OLO .LIGHT W| 000029A0: 45 41 54 48 45 52 20 4D 49 4E 49 4D 55 4D 53 20 |EATHER MINIMUMS | 000029B0: 41 52 45 20 32 35 30 20 46 45 45 54 20 43 45 49 |ARE 250 FEET CEI| 000029C0: 4C 49 4E 47 20 41 4E 44 20 31 2F 34 20 4D 49 4C |LING AND 1/4 MIL| 000029D0: 45 20 56 49 53 49 42 49 4C 49 54 59 2E 20 20 D0 |E VISIBILITY. .| 000029E0: 52 41 43 54 49 43 45 20 59 4F 55 52 20 C9 CC D3 |RACTICE YOUR ...| 000029F0: 20 41 50 50 52 4F 41 43 48 45 53 20 46 49 52 53 | APPROACHES FIRS| 00002A00: 54 20 49 4E 20 D6 C6 D2 20 43 4F 4E 44 49 54 49 |T IN ... CONDITI| 00002A10: 4F 4E 53 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 C6 CC |ONS USING THE ..| 00002A20: D9 C9 CE C7 2F C3 CC C5 C1 D2 20 4F 50 54 49 4F |..../..... OPTIO| 00002A30: 4E 2E 20 20 D0 52 41 43 54 49 43 45 20 C9 C6 D2 |N. .RACTICE ...| 00002A40: 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 20 C6 CC D9 C9 CE | USING THE .....| 00002A50: C7 2F C9 C6 D2 20 4F 50 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 20 D7 |./... OPTION. .| 00002A60: 49 54 48 20 53 55 46 46 49 43 49 45 4E 54 20 50 |ITH SUFFICIENT P| 00002A70: 52 41 43 54 49 43 45 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 57 49 4C |RACTICE, YOU WIL| 00002A80: 4C 20 46 45 45 4C 20 43 4F 4E 46 49 44 45 4E 54 |L FEEL CONFIDENT| 00002A90: 20 49 4E 20 59 4F 55 52 20 41 42 49 4C 49 54 59 | IN YOUR ABILITY| 00002AA0: 20 54 4F 20 53 55 52 56 49 56 45 20 57 48 45 4E | TO SURVIVE WHEN| 00002AB0: 20 52 45 41 4C 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 4D 45 4E 54 | REAL INSTRUMENT| 00002AC0: 20 43 4F 4E 44 49 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 4F 43 43 55 | CONDITIONS OCCU| 00002AD0: 52 21 21 0D C7 4F 4F 44 20 CC 55 43 4B 20 41 4E |R!!..OOD .UCK AN| 00002AE0: 44 20 C8 41 50 50 59 20 C6 4C 59 49 4E 47 21 0D |D .APPY .LYING!.|
.*P#6..*HD2:PAGE .#,SOLO FLIGHT,..*PL66:
TL60..*NB"2SOLO FLIGHT3".IF YOU ARE COMI
NG IN TOO LOW, APPLY A LITTLE MORE THROT
TLE AND INCREASE YOUR.PITCH. THIS IS KN
OWN AS A DRAGGED IN APPROACH AND IS NOT
SAFE. IF YOUR.AIRCRAFT LOST POWER DURIN
G A DRAGGED IN FINAL, THE AIRCRAFT WOULD
SINK INTO THE.EARTH SHORTLY AFTER POWER
LOSS, WITH NO CHANCE TO GLIDE TO THE RU
NWAY...*LN1.JUST BEFORE YOU TOUCH DOWN,
PULL BACK SLIGHTLY ON THE STICK TO REDUC
E YOUR.DESCENT RATE. SMOOTHLY REDUCE PO
WER AND ATTEMPT TO REACH ZERO DESCENT RA
TE.JUST AS THE WHEELS TOUCH THE RUNWAY.
BE CAREFUL HOWEVERE, IF YOU FLEW A LOW.
DRAGGED IN APPROACH. THE HIGH PITCH ATT
ITUDE AND POWER SETTINGS REQUIRED FOR.SU
CH AN APPROACH MEANS THAT POWER REUCTION
MAY RESULT IN A OVER RAPID AIRSPEED.LOS
S AND STALL BEFORE THE CRAFT TOUCHES DOW
N. WITH THE PROPER GLIDE SLOPE,.RAISING
THE NOSE AND REDUCING THE POWER IN THE
FLARE WILL RESULT IN A 10 KNOT.REDUCTION
OF AIRSPEED FROM FINAL APPROACH AIRSPEE
D TO TOUCHDOWN SPEED AND A.ZERO SINK RAT
E AT TOUCHDOWN! IN PILOT TALK, THAT LAN
DING HAS BEEN "GREASED"..ONCE THE AIRCRA
FT IS ON THE RUNWAY, CUT YOUR POWER (HIT
THE ZERO DIGIT ON THE.KEYBOARD) AND APP
LY THE BREAKS, (HIT "B"). ATTEMPT TO ST
OP THE AIRCRAFT BEFORE.THE END OF THE RU
NWAY. (ON SOME OF THE SHORTER RUNWAYS T
HIS WILL BE DIFFICULT.UNLESS YOU FLY A S
HORT FIELD APPROACH [FULL FLAPS, 10 KNOT
S LOW ON AIRSPEED].AND LAND VERY CLOSE T
O THE APPROACH END OF THE RUNWAY.)..*LN1
.BEING ABLE TO LAND YOUR AIRCRAFT UNDER
ANY CONDITIONS AT ANY AIRPORT IN THE.WOR
LD IS PART OF THE THRILL OF BEING A GREA
T PILOT. PRACTICE YOUR LANDINGS.WELL AN
D DON'T BE AFRAID TO "TAKE IT AROUND" IT
THE LANDING DOES NOT LOOK.RIGHT. REMEM
BER, THE ONLY GOOD LANDINGS ARE THOSE YO
OU CAN WALK AWAY FROM!!!.(USE THE PRACTI
CE/LANDING OPTION IF YOU ARE HAVING TROU
BLE WITH LANDINGS.)..*LN1.CAUTIONS: TAKE
HEED OF THE FOLLOWING CAUTIONS, ESPECCI
ALLY THE ADVANCED.DIFFICULTY LEVELS...*L
N1.1. DON'T MAKE SHARP OR HIGH SPEED TUR
NS WHILE TAXIING. YOUR LANDING GEAR.
STRUTS ARE DELICATE AND YOU ARE LIABLE T
O GROUND LOOP..2. DON'T LOSE YOUR AIRSPE
ED AND STALL WHEN ATTEMPTING A SLOW LAND
ING. USE YOUR. FLAPS TO LOWER STALL A
IRSPEED..3. PLAN YOUR ROUTE ON THE MAP B
EFORE TAKING OFF. A SUDDEN LOWERING OF
THE. CLOUDS OR AN EMERGENCY MAY HIDE F
AMILIAR LANDMARKS OR REQUIRE AN IMMEDIAT
E. LANDING..4. DON'T TURN YOUR ENGINE
AT FULL POWER FOR TOO LONG: OVERHEATING
IS LIKELY TO. OCCUR..
.*LN1.ONCE THE PILOT CAN KE
EP THE AIRCRAFT UNDER CONTROL, I.E. FLYI
NG STRAIGHT AND LEVEL, HE CAN BEGIN TO S
CAN THE NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS LOCATED O
N THE RIGHT BOTTOM OF THE INSTRUMENT PAN
EL. ONCE THE INDICATORS (RADIALS OFF OF
VOR 1 AND VOR 2) HAVE BEEN READ, RETURN
THE CROSSCHECK TO THE ATTITUDE INDICATO
R AS YOU ANALYZE THE VOR INFORMATION...*
LN1.VOR..NAVIGATION:..*LN1.VOR NAVIGATIO
N IS BASED ON A SERIES OF GROUND STATION
S THAT SEND OUT RADIO SIGNALS. THESE SI
GNALS ARE RECEIVED BY INSTRUMENTS IN THE
COCKPIT AND DECODED AND READ AS BEARING
TO A PARTICULAR VOR STATION. THERE IS
NO RANGE INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH VOR
NAVIGATION. PRECISE POSITIONING IS BAS
ED ON EITHER RADIAL TRIANGULATION OR ON
RADIAL COURSE GUIDANCE, WITH TIMING FROM
A KNOWN VOR STATION. THE ENTIRE UNITED
STATES, AND MOST FOREIGN COUNTRIES HAVE
VERY COMPLETE VOR SYSTEMS WHERE ANY POI
NT CAN BE DEFINED AS A INTERSECTION POIN
T BETWEEN MULTIPLE VOR STATIONS. IN SOL
O FLIGHT, EACH AIRPORT IS DEFINED AS A R
ADIAL INTERSECTION. (A RADIAL BEARING I
S A NUMBER FROM 0 TO 360 THAT IF THE AIR
CRAFT WAS TURNED AND FLOWN ON A HEADING
180 DEGREES FROM THE RADIAL BEARING, THE
FLIGHT PATH WOULD BE INBOUND TO THE VOR
STATION)...*LN2.NORTH OF THE VOR STATIO
N IS RADIAL 360, EAST IS 090, SOUTH IS 1
80, AND WEST IS 270. TO FIND A PARTICUL
AR AIRPORT IN SOLO FLIGHT, THE PILOT SHO
ULD DETERMINE ITS RADIAL INTERSECTION FR
OM BOTH VORS. HE SHOULD THEN INTERCEPT
A RADIAL OUTBOUND FROM ONE OF THE VORS A
ND FLY UNTIL THE CROSS RADIAL FROM THE O
THER RADIAL IS REACHED. FOR EXAMPLE, IN
THE KANSAS MAP, THE KANSAS CITY AIRPORT
IS LOCATED ON THE 036 DEGREE RADIAL OF
VOR 2 WITH THE MAIN RUNWAY ON THE 067 RA
DIAL OF VOR 1. TO FIND THE AIRPORT IN T
HE WEATHER, THE INSTRUMENT PILOT COULD E
STABLISH HIMSELF ON THE 036 DEGREE RADIA
L OF VOR 2, HEADING 036, AND DESCEND TO
MISSED APPROACH ALTITUDE (200-500 FEET A
BOVE FIELD ELEVATION) UNTIL CROSSING THE
MISSED APPROACH RADIAL, THE 067 OF VOR
1...*LN1.IN THE MORE DIFFICULT MAPS, VOR
NAVIGATION MUST BE USED TO INSURE THAT
THE SOLO FLIGHT AIRCRAFT DOES NOT RUN IN
TO THE MOUNTAIN RANGES IN THE PARTICULAR
STATE. AFTER EACH APPROACH HAS BEEN FL
OWN, THE PROGRAM WILL PLOT YOUR COURSE O
N THE VIDEO MAP. THE SOLO FLIGHT PILOT
CAN THEN REVIEW HIS ACTUAL FLIGHT PATH W
ITH THE ONE HE WAS TRYING TO FLY...*LN1.
INSTRUMENT..APPROACHES:..*LN1.INSTRUMENT
APPROACHES CAN BE HIGH ALTITUDE, LOW AL
TITUDE, PRECISION, OR NON-PRECISION. HI
GH ALTITUDE APPROACHES CONSIST OF A HIGH
ALITIUDE HOLDING FIX, AND INITIAL APPRO
ACH FIX (IAF), AND A PRESCRIBED ROUTE FO
R THE AIRCRAFT TO FLY TO AVOID EITHER PH
YSICAL OBSTRUCTIONS (I.E. MOUNTAINS AROU
ND DENVER) OR TO AVOID HEAVILY TRAVELED
APPROACH ROUTES (NEW YORK CITY'S KENNEDY
OR CHICAGO'S O'HARE). THE AIRCRAFT WIL
L PENETRATE (WHEN CLEARED BY APPROACH CO
NTROL) BY REDUCING POWER, DESCENDING AT
CONSTANT AIRSPEED, AND TURNING TO INTERC
EPT A RADIAL INBOUND TO A FINAL APPROACH
FIX (FAF). THE PATTERN OFTEN RESEMBLES
A LARGE TEARDROP THAT USES THE VOR AS T
HE POINTED END OF THE TEARDROP. THE FIN
AL APPROACH FIX IS A GEOGRAPHIC POSTION
ALIGNED WITH THE APPROACH RUNWAY USUALLY
5 TO 10 MILES FROM THE AIRPORT. THE AI
RCRAFT SHOULD BE CONFIGURED FOR LANDING
AND HEADED INBOUND ON A HEADING APPROXIM
ATELY THAT OF THE LANDING RUNWAY. THE R
OUTE FROM THE FAF TO THE RUNWAY IS USUAL
LY A STRAIGHT IN. THE PILOT SHOULD DESC
END TO ARRIVE AT THE MINIMUM DESCENT ALT
ITUDE (MDA, 200-500 FEET ABOVE FIELD ELE
VATION) 30-45 SECONDS PRIOR TO MAP (MISS
ED APPROACH POINT). IN SOLO FLIGHT THE
MAP IS DEFINED BY A CROSSING RADIAL FROM
THE VOR NOT PROVIDING FINAL APPROACH GU
IDANCE. THE MAP CAN ALSO BE DEFINED BY
USING TIMING FROM THE VOR TO THE APPROAC
H END OF THE RUNWAY AT CONSTANT AIRSPEED
. IF THE RUNWAY IS IN SIGHT AT OR PRIOR
TO THE MAP, AND THE AIRCRAFT IS CONVENI
ENTLY ALIGNED WITH THE RUNWAY, THE PILOT
CAN LAND. IF THESE CONDITIONS ARE NOT
MET, THE PILOT SHOULD ADVANCE POWER, GO
AROUND, AND TRY THE APPROACH AGAIN, OR G
O TO A DIFFERENT AIRPORT...*LN1.LOW..ALT
ITUDE..APPROACHES..ARE QUITE SIMILAR TO
HIGH ALTITUDE APPROACHES. THE ARE DEFIE
D WITH AN INITIAL HOLDING FIX, A PRESCRI
BED ROUTE FROM THE HOLDING FIX TO THE FI
NAL APPROACH FIX THAT INCLUDES A DESCENT
AND A TURN TO APPROXIMATELY THE INBOUND
HEADING TO THE RUNWAY, A FINAL APPROACH
FIX, AND A MISSED APPROACH POINT. THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A HIGH ALTITUDE APPRO
ACH AND A LOW ALTITUDE APPROACH IS THAT
A LOW ALTITUDE APPROACH IS USUALLY ACCOM
PLISHED MUCH CLOSER TO THE AIRPORT AND A
T LOWER AIRSPEEDS. THE OBJECTIVE OF BOT
H OF THESE NON-PRECISION APPROACHES IS T
O GET THE AIRCRAFT ALIGNED WITH THE RUNW
AY TO MAKE A SAFE LANDING IF THE AIRCRAF
T CAN BREAK OUT OF THE WEATHER PRIOR TO
REACHING THE MAP...*LN1.LOW..ALTITUDE..R
ADAR/BOX..PATTERNS: BOTH THE HIGH AND LO
W ALTITUDE APPROACHES PREVIOUSLY DESCRIB
ED ARE PENETRATIONS THAT ARE USED WHEN T
HE AIRCRAFT ARRIVES AT THE DESTINATION A
IRPORT AT AN ALTITUDE ABOVE NORMAL FINAL
APPROACH ALTITUDE. THE PILOT MAY ALSO
BE ASKED TO FLY A STANDARD "BOX" PATTERN
FOR POSITIONING TO A VOR FINAL, AN ILS
FINAL, OR A GROUND CONTROLLED APPROACH (
GCA). A BOX PATTERN IS A RECTANGULAR AP
PROACH WITH ONE LONG SIDE OF THE RECTANG
LE DEFINED BY THE LANDING RUNWAY. A 90
DEGREE TURN EITHER LEFT OR RIGHT AFTER T
AKEOFF IS "CROSSWIND". CROSSWIND IS USE
D TO PROVIDE SPACING BETWEEN MULTIPLE AI
RCRAFT. TURNING 90 DEGREES AGAIN (TO BE
180 DEGREES FROM RUNWAY HEADING) PUTS T
HE AIRCRAFT ON DOWNWIND. A 90 DEGREE TU
RN BACK TOWARD FINAL APPROACH PUTS THE A
IRCRAFT ON BASE LEG. THE AIRCRAFT SHOUL
D BE CONFIGURED WITH GEAR AND FLAPS BY B
ASE LEG AND FLOWN AT 10-15 KNOTS ABOVE F
INAL APPROACH AIRSPEED. TURNING FROM BA
SE LEG TO FINAL APPROACH CAN BE ACCOMPLI
SHED BY ONE 90 DEGREE TURN TO RUNWAY HEA
DING OR BY TWO 45 DEGREE TURNS. USING T
OW 45 DEGREE TURNS IS CALLED DOGLEG TO F
INAL. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE BOX PATTERN
IS TO POSITION THE AIRCRAFT ON FINAL APP
ROACH, HEADED INBOUND, WITH ENOUGH TIME
TO DESCEND TO THE MDA PRIOR TO THE MAP!
USE THE SOLO FLIGHT PRACTICE/IFR OPTION
TO PRACTICE BOX PATTERNS USING ONE VOR
FOR FINAL APPROSCH GUIDANCE AND THE SECO
ND VOR TO DEFINE A CROSS RADIAL AS THE M
AP. YOUR VIDEO MAP WILL PLOT YOUR ACTUA
L COURSE ONCE YOU HAVE LANDED AT YOUR DE
STINATION...*LN3.PRECISION..APPROACHES:
THE HIGH AND LOW ALTITUDE AND BOX PATTER
N VOR APPROACHES ARE DEFINED AS NON-PREC
ISION APPROACHES BECAUSE NO DIRECT GLIDE
SLOPE INFORMATION (ALTITUDE VERSUS DISTA
NCE TO RUNWAY) IS AVAILABLE TO THE PILOT
. PRECISION APPROACHES CAN BE FLOWN IN
SOLO FLIGHT BY COMBINING VOR FINAL APPRO
ACH AND MAP POSITIONING WITH INSTRUMENT
LANDING SYSTEM GLIDESLOPE INFORMATION.
THE ILS INDICATOR IS LOCATED ON THE RIGH
T SIDE OF THE INSTRUMENT PANEL, JUST ABO
VE THE VOR INDICATORS. THE HORIZONTAL L
INE ON THE INSTRUMENT PANEL REPRESENTS T
HE CORRECT FINAL APPROACH ALTITUDE. THE
AIRCRAFT SYMBOL POSITION INDICATES THE
AIRCRAFT ALTITUDE RELATIVE TO THE PROPER
GLIDESLOPE. THE GLIDESLOPE IS NORMALLY
A 3-5 DEGREE DESCENT FROM THE FINAL APP
ROACH FIX TO DECISION HEIGHT. DH IS THE
SAME AS MDA BUT DEFINED AS MINIMUM ALTI
TUDE ALLOWED ON THE GLIDESLOPE. IF THE
AIRCRAFT SYMBOL IS ABOVE THE HORIZONTAL
LINE, THE AIRCRAFT IS ABOVE GLIDESLOPE.
REDUCE POWER SLIGHTLY AND LOWER THE NOS
E TO INCREASE THE DESCENT RATE BY 200 TO
300 FEET PER MINUTE. AS THE AIRCRAFT S
YMBOL CENTERS ON GLIDESLOPE, INCREASE PO
WER SLIGHTLY AND RAISE THE NOSE TO REEST
ABLISH THE CORRECT -400 TO -500 FPM DESC
ENT RATE. IF THE AIRCRAFT SYMBOL IS BEL
OW THE HORIZINTAL LINE, THE AIRCRAFT IS
BELOW GLIDESLOPE. THE PILOT MUST REDUCE
HIS DESCENT RATE OR CLIMB SLIGHTLY TO R
EESTABLISH THE PROPER GLIDESLOPE. ONCE
THE AIRCRAFT IS MAINTAINING THE PROPER G
LIDESLOPE AND RADIAL HEADING, FLY DOWN T
HE GLIDESLOPE UNTIL DH OR THE RUNWAY IS
SIGHTED, WHICH EVR OCCURS FIRST. IF MDA
POSITION OR DH ALTITUDE IS REACHED WITH
OUT THE RUNWAY IN SIGHT WITH THE AIRCRAF
T IN POSITION FOR A SAFE LANDING, ADVANC
E POWER AND EXECUTE A MISSED APPROACH.
TRY ANOTHER OR GO TO ANOTHER AIRPORT!!..
*LN1.ILS IS THE MOST ACCURATE AUTOMATED
LANDING SYSTEM CURRENTLY AVAILABLE TO PI
LOTS IN BAD WEATHER. SOME MODERN AIRLIN
ERS CAN LAND IN NEAR 0/0 CONDITIONS. YO
UR SOLO FLIGHT WEATHER MINIMUMS ARE 250
FEET CEILING AND 1/4 MILE VISIBILITY. P
RACTICE YOUR ILS APPROACHES FIRST IN VFR
CONDITIONS USING THE FLYING/CLEAR OPTIO
N. PRACTICE IFR USING THE FLYING/IFR OP
TION. WITH SUFFICIENT PRACTICE, YOU WIL
L FEEL CONFIDENT IN YOUR ABILITY TO SURV
IVE WHEN REAL INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS OCCU
R!!.GOOD LUCK AND HAPPY FLYING!.
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