PONZO TUTOR-3.64
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): PONZO TUTOR-3.64
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 18.6K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 21:07:08
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
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FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TUTORIALS C | PONZO TUTOR-3.64 | PRG | DuncanTwain | 14 | 2 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
> DETECTED: COMMODORE BASIC PROGRAM (LOAD ADDRESS $0801)
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00004740: 2C 31 32 37 2C 33 32 00 8C 4F E5 F6 83 31 34 32 |,127,32..O...142|
00004750: 2C 31 36 36 2C 31 36 35 2C 34 34 2C 32 30 31 2C |,166,165,44,201,|
00004760: 38 2C 32 34 30 2C 33 2C 37 36 2C 31 32 38 2C 31 |8,240,3,76,128,1|
00004770: 36 34 2C 37 36 2C 31 37 34 2C 31 36 37 2C 31 36 |64,76,174,167,16|
00004780: 32 2C 31 36 2C 31 38 39 2C 32 33 39 00 D5 4F E6 |2,16,189,239..O.|
00004790: F6 83 31 32 37 2C 37 32 2C 31 38 31 2C 34 32 2C |..127,72,181,42,|
000047A0: 31 35 37 2C 32 33 39 2C 31 32 37 2C 31 30 34 2C |157,239,127,104,|
000047B0: 31 34 39 2C 34 32 2C 32 30 32 2C 32 30 38 2C 32 |149,42,202,208,2|
000047C0: 34 31 2C 39 36 2C 31 32 30 2C 31 37 33 2C 32 33 |41,96,120,173,23|
000047D0: 38 2C 31 32 37 00 1A 50 E7 F6 83 37 37 2C 32 30 |8,127..P...77,20|
000047E0: 2C 33 2C 31 34 31 2C 32 30 2C 33 2C 31 37 33 2C |,3,141,20,3,173,|
000047F0: 32 33 39 2C 31 32 37 2C 37 37 2C 32 31 2C 33 2C |239,127,77,21,3,|
00004800: 31 34 31 2C 32 31 2C 33 2C 38 38 2C 39 36 2C 31 |141,21,3,88,96,1|
00004810: 37 33 2C 32 30 2C 33 2C 37 33 00 59 50 E8 F6 83 |73,20,3,73.YP...|
00004820: 31 34 34 2C 31 34 31 2C 32 33 38 2C 31 32 37 2C |144,141,238,127,|
00004830: 31 37 33 2C 32 31 2C 33 2C 37 33 2C 31 32 37 2C |173,21,3,73,127,|
00004840: 31 34 31 2C 32 33 39 2C 31 32 37 2C 39 36 2C 37 |141,239,127,96,7|
00004850: 36 2C 32 35 35 2C 32 35 35 00 77 50 F0 F6 97 4D |6,255,255.wP...M|
00004860: AA 39 30 2C C2 28 37 38 38 29 3A 97 4D AA 39 31 |.90,.(788):.M.91|
00004870: 2C C2 28 37 38 39 29 00 95 50 F4 F6 4B 45 59 B2 |,.(789)..P..KEY.|
00004880: 37 AC 34 30 39 36 AA 31 35 AC 32 35 36 AA 31 33 |7.4096.15.256.13|
00004890: AC 31 36 AA 38 00 B3 50 F5 F6 9E 28 4B 45 59 29 |.16.8..P...(KEY)|
000048A0: 3A 8F 20 4B 45 59 20 46 4F 52 20 49 52 51 20 53 |:. KEY FOR IRQ S|
000048B0: 57 41 50 00 B9 50 43 F7 8E 00 D7 50 44 F7 8F 2A |WAP..PC....PD..*|
000048C0: 53 57 49 54 43 48 20 54 4F 20 4E 45 57 20 57 4F |SWITCH TO NEW WO|
000048D0: 52 4B 53 50 41 43 45 00 EF 50 45 F7 8D 36 33 36 |RKSPACE..PE..636|
000048E0: 30 30 3A 8F 20 52 55 4E 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 00 |00:. RUN NUMBER.|
000048F0: 0E 51 46 F7 8D 36 31 30 30 30 3A 8F 20 4E 45 57 |.QF..61000:. NEW|
00004900: 20 54 48 45 20 57 4F 52 4B 53 50 41 43 45 00 19 | THE WORKSPACE..|
00004910: 51 47 F7 89 36 33 34 30 33 00 37 51 A8 F7 8F 2A |QG..63403.7Q...*|
00004920: 53 57 49 54 43 48 20 54 4F 20 4F 4C 44 20 57 4F |SWITCH TO OLD WO|
00004930: 52 4B 53 50 41 43 45 00 42 51 A9 F7 8D 36 33 36 |RKSPACE.BQ...636|
00004940: 30 30 00 62 51 AB F7 53 57 54 43 48 B2 37 AC 34 |00.bQ..SWTCH.7.4|
00004950: 30 39 36 AA 31 35 AC 32 35 36 AA 39 AC 31 36 AA |096.15.256.9.16.|
00004960: 31 35 00 7F 51 AC F7 9E 28 53 57 54 43 48 29 3A |15..Q...(SWTCH):|
00004970: 8F 20 53 57 41 50 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 45 52 53 00 |. SWAP POINTERS.|
00004980: 8C 51 AD F7 97 32 30 34 2C 32 3A 80 00 9E 51 0C |.Q...204,2:...Q.|
00004990: F8 8F 2A 52 45 53 54 4F 52 45 20 50 45 54 00 B3 |..*RESTORE PET..|
000049A0: 51 0D F8 53 4E 24 B2 22 31 30 30 22 3A 8D 36 33 |Q..SN$."100":.63|
000049B0: 36 30 30 00 E2 51 0E F8 4D B2 37 AC 34 30 39 36 |600..Q..M.7.4096|
000049C0: AA 31 35 AC 32 35 36 AA 31 32 AC 31 36 AA 33 3A |.15.256.12.16.3:|
000049D0: 8B C2 28 37 38 39 29 B2 37 AC 31 36 AA 31 35 A7 |..(789).7.16.15.|
000049E0: 9E 4D 00 E8 51 0F F8 8E 00 00 52 70 F8 8F 2A 49 |.M..Q.....Rp..*I|
000049F0: 4E 53 45 52 54 20 52 55 4E 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 |NSERT RUN NUMBER|
00004A00: 00 1B 52 71 F8 4D B2 32 30 35 39 3A 53 4E 24 B2 |..Rq.M.2059:SN$.|
00004A10: 22 30 30 30 30 30 22 AA 53 4E 24 00 3B 52 72 F8 |"00000".SN$.;Rr.|
00004A20: 81 49 B2 31 A4 35 3A 97 4D AB 49 2C C6 28 C9 28 |.I.1.5:.M.I,.(.(|
00004A30: 53 4E 24 2C 49 29 29 3A 82 3A 8E 00 00 00 |SN$,I)):.:.... |
.......00100......".......;....".......
PONZ0*1983*WATERLOO.H....".........D..53
281,15:.53280,12:.".":.". .
.C64 TUTOR-3...E..".....................
..................."...F..". ..
MORE ON THE C64 .. .":MS$." WE
LCOME! ".).G..".........................
................".F.H.SN$."1000":.63200:
.63600.X.I..60000:.59000.C....60000. ...
.".QI STORE INFO IN 8 (BINARY) BIT "G(34
)"BYTES"G(34)".".L...."QSINCE 2^8=256, E
ACH BYTE CAN HOLD A"......" NUMBER FROM
0 TO 255 INCLUSIVE."......"QTWO BYTES AR
E USED TO ADDRESS".H...." 2^16 MEMORY LO
CATIONS:0,1,2,...,65535".Z.$.."QYOU CAN
FIND WHAT'S IN EACH BY .PEEK.ING:"......
"..FOR I=100 TO 200:PRINT PEEK(I);:NEXT"
.N.8..".QTHIS MAY BE ENTERED DIRECTLY"..
.B.." AND WILL PRINT THE CONTENTS"...L..
" OF LOCATIONS 100 TO 200.".C.V.."QSOME
OF .M.EMORY IS .R.EAD .O.NLY(ROM).".K.`.
."QSOME IS .R.ANDOM .A.CCESS(RAM)."...J.
."QYOU CAN WRITE INTO RAM BY .POKE.ING."
...T..". .POKE1100,1"...Y..".QTHIS WILL
PUT THE NO. 1 IN LOC'N 1100."...Z..6300
0......"..NOTE.: FOR .POKE M,N ".;....:.
"Q.M. MUST BE IN [0,65535],.N. IN [0,255
].".G...."QI USE 0 THRU' 1023 MYSELF..YO
U USE "......" 2048 TO 40959 FOR .BASIC.
PROGRAMS.."......"QI USE 1024 THRU' 204
7......" TO STORE THE 1000 CHARACTERS AP
PEARING"......" ON THE SCREEN,ETC.ETC".$
...."(NOTE:80 COLUMN PETS HAVE 2000).<.D
.."..SCREEN MEMORY.".E.N.."QTHESE 1000 L
OC'NS START AT $0400"...X.." 0400(HEXADE
CIMAL)=4*256=1024(DECIMAL)"......"QYOU C
AN CHANGE WHAT'S"......" ON THE SCREEN W
ITH A .PRINT. STATEMENT"......" .PRINT "
G(34)"ABC"G(34).&...." OR BY 'POKEING' S
CREEN MEMORY:".:...." .POKE1100,1".I....
"QTHIS PUTS .1. INTO SCREEN MEMORY LOC'N
"......" 1100, AND .1. CORRESPONDS TO AN
"G(34)"A"G(34).N...." SO I'LL PRINT THE
LETTER "G(34)"A"G(34).Y.$..63000...(.."
.TO SEE WHAT NO. IN [0,255] CORRESPONDS"
.2.2.."TO WHICH SYMBOL, YOU CAN TRY THIS
:".M.<.."..10 FOR I=0 TO 255".G.F..".20
POKE1024+I,I "...P..".30 NEXT
"...Z..".......AND TRY .POKE1100,N.".X.[
..".WITH 'N'=0,1,2,...OR 255.":MS$." .T
RY IT!."...D.."..THEN .TYPE @. TO CONTIN
UE!":.63100...I..63000:."...".,.N.SN$."0
2000":.63300.^.P..60000:."........SOME S
PECIAL LOCATIONS....."...Z..:."QIN 197 I
KEEP TRACK OF WHAT KEY IS"......". DEPR
ESSED. TO SEE THE .KEY. VS. .NUMBER".Z..
..". CORRESPONDENCE, TRY:"......"...50 P
RINT PEEK(197);"......".60 GO TO 50
".9...."..THEN RUN AND BANG ON A KEY!
".]...."..THEN TYPE .@. TO CONTINUE.".T.
..SN$."03000":.63300.....60000...B.."..
PRINTCHR$(14) WILL CAUSE".R...."ME TO SW
ITCH TO "G(34)"LOWER"G(34)" CASE."......
".YOU MIGHT LIKE TO TRY IT!"......".IN P
ARTICULAR, TRY RUNNING:".5...."..10 FOR
I=0 TO 255 ".Q....".20 POKE1024+I,I
".R....".30 POKE55296+I,15*RND(1)"......
".40 PRINTCHR$(14+K);"......".50 FORJ=1T
O200: NEXT ".H....".60 K=128-K:NEXT "
.....MS$.".DO A CHR$.!":.63100......"...
.............PRINTCHR$(142) ".4...."WILL
PUT ME BACK TO UPPER CASE.".K....".....
.................THEN TYPE .@. TO CONTIN
UE".....SN$."04000":.63300... ..59468,12
:.60000...H.."QIN 160,161 & 162 I KEEP T
HE TIME"...R.." ...FROM THE MOMENT YOU T
URN ME ON."......".QI'VE GOT A BUILT-IN
".+...." CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED CLOCK.".U...
." I KEEP THE NUMBER OF .JIFFIES. IN".W.
..." MEMORY LOC'NS 160,161,162"......" A
.JIFFIE. IS 1/60 SECOND.".H....".QYOU C
OULD WRITE A PROGRAM TO CONVERT"......"
THIS TO HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS.."...".."
OR YOU COULD USE MY BUILT-IN ROUTINE!".4
.,..".100 PRINT TI$".L.6..". HERE,TI$ WI
LL GIVE HHMMSS LIKE SO:":."..015209"...;
.."..01.=HOURS .52.=MINUTES .09.=SECONDS
.":.63000.W.@.."........I'LL PRINT OUT T
I$ SO YOU CAN SEE HIM:"...J.AA$.TI$:H$.H
(AA$,2):M$.J(AA$,3,2):S$.I(AA$,2)...O..T
.1.500:..8.T..".. ."AA$
.C.^.." ^ THAT'S HI
M!".W.C.."..IT'S BEEN:"...D..".."H$". HO
URS,."M$". MINUTES & ."S$". SECONDS".S.E
..".SINCE YOU TURNED THE .C64. ON!"...H.
."...RETURN...":.63001......".YOU CAN SE
T THE CORRECT TIME BY TYPING:".>...."..T
I$="G(34)"093000"G(34).L....".THEN I'LL
COUNT JIFFIES STARTING WITH"......".A CO
UNT CORRESPONDING TO 9:30 A.M."......".(
000000=MIDNIGHT!!)":.63000...B..".THE VA
RIABLE .TI. GIVES THE JIFFIE-COUNT"...L.
.".I'LL PRINT HIM TOO:":.T.1.500:.:.".."
.4.V.." ."TI.\...."
^ THAT'S HIM!"......".PLEA
SE, DON'T USE .TI$. OR .TI. FOR ANY"....
..".OF YOUR VARIABLE NAMES!"......" ..
...U...."...RETURN...":.63001...0.."....
.......INPUT/OUTPUT..........".".:..".QT
O WRITE DATA ON TAPE YOU ".Q.D..". .OPEN
A WRITE CHANNEL TO THE CASSETTE"...N.."
QYOU'LL WANT TO GIVE THE DATA A .NAME.,T
OO"...X.." AND YOU'LL WANT TO DISTINGUIS
H BETWEEN"...B.." .WRITING. TO TAPE AND
.READING. FROM TAPE."...L.."..200 OPEN3,
1,1,"G(34)"DATA"G(34)".".@.V..".OPEN A C
HANNEL(#3)TO THE TAPE DRIVE(#1)".R...."
FOR .WRITING. (THE LAST #1 MEANS .WRITE.
)"......"..210 FOR I=1TO10"......".220 P
RINT#3,I "......".230 NEXT ".S...
.".240 CLOSE 3 "......".QTHIS WRITES
THE NUMBERS 1,2,..10"......" ON THE TAPE
-FILE CALLED "G(34)"DATA"G(34).9.P..6300
0.E.Z..".IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO .CLOSE.
THE "......".WRITE CHANNEL AFTER PRINTIN
G TO TAPE!!"......".(ELSE I WON'T PRINT
AN END-MARKER"......"AND MAY NOT WRITE T
HE LAST BIT OF DATA)."......"QTO .READ.
A FILE(CALLED,SAY,'DATA')".B...."..300 O
PEN2,1,0,"G(34)"DATA"G(34)._....".310 FO
R I=1TO10 ".|. ..".320 INPUT#2,A(I)
"...*..".330 NEXT "...4.."
.HERE THE .READ. CHANNEL IS #2"...>.."..
THE LAST #0 MEANS .READ."...H..".IT IS A
SSUMED THERE ARE 10 NO'S TO READ."...\..
63000.9.F..".A PRINT# STATEMENT:".P.P.."
..220 PRINT#3,I".~.Z..".WILL WRITE THE V
ALUE OF I,FOLLOWED BY"......".A .RETURN.
& .SPACES.!".D...."..YOU DON'T WANT THE
'SPACES'.!"......".THE CORRECT WAY IS:"
......"..220 PRINT#3,I;CHR$(13);".2...."
.HERE .YOU. SPECIFY THE .RETURN.=CHR$(13
)".O...."...WITHOUT SPACES...."......".T
HE .;. AT THE END AVOIDS 'LINE FEED' TOO
!":.63000. ....".THE STATEMENT:"......".
.240 CLOSE 3"...J..".WRITES AN END-OF-FI
LE MARKER ON TAPE."...T..".WHEN .READ.IN
G DATA YOU CHECK FOR THIS:"./...."..IF S
T=64 THEN ....".L...MS$." .CLOSE.!":.6
3100.W....63000......".THE .WRITE TO TAP
E. ROUTINE IS THEN:"......"..200 OPEN3,1
,1,"G(34)"DATA"G(34)" ".Q....".210 FOR
I=1TO10 "......".220 PRINT#3,I;C
HR$(13);".. $..".230 NEXT
".1 ...".240 CLOSE 3 ".Z 8.."
.THE .READ FROM TAPE. ROUTINE IS:".. B..
"..300 OPEN2,1,0,"G(34)"DATA"G(34)"
".. L..".310 INPUT#2,A(J)
".. V..".320 IF ST<>64THENJ=J+1:GOTO
310"..!`..".330 CLOSE2
".!!J..63000:SN$."05000":.63600.,!...6
0000.H!..."..TO CREATE A FILE.:".}!...".
.10 OPEN15,8,15,"G(34)"I"G(34)"+DR$
"..!...".20 OPEN2,8,2,DR$+"G(34)":"G
(34)"+NM$+"G(34)",S,W"G(34)..!...".30 PR
INT#2,A;CHR$(13); ".."..."..DR$.
IS DRIVE # IPREVIOUSLY".."...".NM$. I
S FILE NAME KDEFINED!".Y"D.."..10. OPENS
THE COMMAND CHANNEL #15".."N.."AND .I.N
ITIALIZES THE DRIVE DR$.".."S.."(NOT NEC
ESSARY ON 'NEWER' DRIVES).".T"X.."..20.
OPENS A .W.RITE CHANNEL,#2,"..#..."FOR A
.S.EQUENTIAL(DATA) FILE CALLED NM$".7#.
.."..30. PRINTS A NUMBER,.A.,TO THE DATA
FILE.".Z#...".QYOU MAY REPEAT STATEMENT
30":.".WITH VARIOUS .A.'S,THEN.."..#...
"..40 CLOSE2:CLOSE15":...#...63000.A#...
"..TO READ FROM A FILE.:"..#..."..60 OPE
N15,8,15,"G(34)"I"G(34)"+DR$ ".4
$(..".70 OPEN2,8,2,DR$+"G(34)":"G(34)"+N
M$+"G(34)",S,R"G(34).\$2..".80 INPUT#2,A
(J) "..$<..".90 IFST<>64T
HENJ=J+1:GOTO80 "..$F..".100 CLOSE2:C
LOSE15 ".J$K.."..60. INITIAL
IZES ETC."..$P..".70. OPENS A .R.EAD CHA
NNEL TO FILE NM$.".)%Z..".90. CHECKS FOR
END-OF-FILE(STATUS=64).".4%`..63000.P%B
.."..TO REITERATE.: WHEN WRITING DATA.":
."DO .NOT. USE:"..%C.."..PRINT#1,A,B$,C.
OR .PRINT#1,A;B$;C;."..%D..".INSTEAD US
E:"..%E.."..PRINT#1,A;CHR$(13);B$;CHR$(1
3);..ETC"..&F..".IF IT'S PAINFULL TO TYP
E 'CHR$(13)' THEN".8&G..".DEFINE CR$=CH
R$(13) AND USE:".^&H.."..PRINT#1,A;CR$;B
$;CR$;C;CR$;.".I&J..63000..&..."........
..RANDOM NUMBERS............".B&...".QI
HAVE A .RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR..".W&...
"..10 X=RND(K)"..&...".QEACH .NEGATIVE.
K DETERMINES A"..'..." UNIQUE .SEED.. TH
EN:".2'..."..20 X1=RND(1)".G'...".30 X2=
RND(1)".\'...".40 X3=RND(1)"..'...".QHER
E X1,X2,X3,..IS A 'RANDOM SEQUENCE'"..'.
.." OF NUMBERS IN 0<X<1.".W'...".QSUBSEQ
UENT 'RND(1)' STATEMENTS YIELD"..(..." S
UCCESSIVE MEMBERS OF THE SEQUENCE.":.630
00./("..".QTO GET A .RANDOM. SEED,USE:".
F('.."..10 X=RND(-TI)".O(,..".WHERE .TI.
IS THE .JIFFY. COUNT!"..(6..".QYOU CAN
OBTAIN, USING .RND(-K)"..(7..".FOLLOWED
BY LOTS OF .RND(1).'S,"..(;..".A .REPROD
UCIBLE. 'RANDOM SEQUENCE'.":.63000.")@..
".IF YOU .REALLY. WANT A .RANDOM. NUMBER
:".7)E.."..10 X=RND(0)".F)J..".WILL GIVE
YOU ONE. SUCCESSIVE 'RND(0)'"..)O..".ST
ATEMENTS YIELD NO'S TOTALLY UNRELATED.".
.)P.MS$."SO IT SAYS":.63100..)Y..63000..
)^.."....OF COURSE .X=100-100*RND(0). GI
VES "..*C..". A NUMBER IN THE RANGE:0-10
0".!*D..T.1.500:..W*E..54272,0:.54273,0:
.54274,4000.255:.54275,4000.256.X*F..542
76,0:.54277,0:.54278,240..*H.."..10 POKE
54296,15:POKE54278,240".E*M..".20 FORI=1
TO100:POKE54276,17 "..*R..".30 POKE5427
3,100-100*RND(0) "..+W..".40 NEXT
".C+X.."..CAN YOU GUESS
WHAT .^. WILL DO???":.63000.D+...54296,1
5:.54276,17:.I.0.100.~+...54273,100.100.
.(0):...+...54296,0:.54277,0..+..MS$."BE
AUTIFUL!":.63100:.63000..+P.."..........
.ODDS 'N' ENDS.........."..+U.."........
1......."..,Z.."..10 INPUT A$".;,...". H
IT 'RETURN' WHEN ASKED TO 'INPUT',".],..
.".AND I LEAVE A$ UNCHANGED."..,...".TO
AVOID THIS, YOU CAN USE:..,...".10 INPUT
"G(34)..,...".".10)" 7.HHH."G(34)";A$"
.J,....10)" ^ ^"..,....10)" 3 3"..,J
...10)"SPC CRSR LEFT"..-T..".THIS GIVES.
."..-...". 7...";A$.I-...".......HIT '
RETURN' AND I SET A$='7'".T-...63000.F-.
..".OF COURSE".|-...".10 INPUT"G(34)..-.
..".".9)"OK Y.HHH."G(34)";A$"..-..."..
IS NICE TOO.".K-$.."..OK Y...";A$.V-..
.63000..-X.."........2........"..-B..".?
FRE(0)". .L..".AND I GIVE YOU THE NUMBER
.C.V..".OF 'FREE' BYTES OF MEMORY.".]...
.".........3........".W....".OPEN4,4:CMD
4:LIST"......".LISTS YOUR PROGRAM ON THE
PRINTER.".E....".(BUT, AFTER LISTING, T
YPE:"......"..PRINT#4:CLOSE4"../...".TO
PROPERLY CLOSE THE PRINTER CHANNEL."../.
..63000.0/@.."........4........".M/J..".
10 FORI=1TO1000:NEXT".U/T..".IS GOOD FOR
BUILDING IN DELAYS."../^..".BUT THE FOL
LOWING IS OK TOO:".K/H.."..10 A=TI
. A=THE CURRENT TIME"../R..".20 IF
TI<A+60THEN20"..0|..".THIS WAITS FOR 60
JIFFIES=1SECOND."..0...63000.40(#.".....
...5.......".F02#.".THE C64 'KEYBOARD BU
FFER' HOLDS 10 BYTES.".Z0<#.".IF YOU RUN
:"..0F#."..10 FORI=1TO3000:NEXT"..0P#.".
20 FORI=1TO10:GETA$:?A$;:NEXT"..0Z#.".TH
EN, DURING THE DELAY, YOU CAN HIT"..1D#.
".10 KEYS (OR LESS) AND THEY WILL BE ".3
1N#.".SAVED IN THE BUFFER.".]1X#.".BUT..
........DON'T HIT > 10 KEYS!"..1}#.".(EL
SE I WON'T GET THEM ALL)"..1.#.".TRY IT?
THEN:"..1.#."..TYPE @ .":SN$."10000":.6
3300..1.'.60000:."........6......."..2.'
.".MEMORY LOCATION 198 (DECIMAL) HOLDS".
02$'.".THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN THE "
.I2.'.".KEYBOARD BUFFER.".P28'.".YOU CAN
CLEAR THE BUFFER WITH:"..2B'."..10 FORI
=1TO10:GETA$:NEXT"..2L'.".OR.".H2V'.".10
GETA$:IFA$<>"G(34)G(34)"THEN10".T2`'.".
OR."..2J'.".10 POKE198,0"..2T'.63000..3.
*."........7.......".83.+.".MEMORY LOCAT
IONS 55 AND 56 HOLD THE".G3.+.".LOCATION
OF THE 'END OF BASIC MEMORY'."..3.+.".P
RINT IT OUT BY TYPING:"..3 +."..?PEEK(55
)+256*PEEK(56)"..3*+."..THEN .TYPE @".
.34+."...?PEEK(55)+256*PEEK(56).":SN$."1
2000":.63300..4...60000:X.32768.,4..."..
......8.......SUPPOSE TOP="X.V4...".IF Y
OU WANT TO STORE SOME NUMBERS"..4./.".FO
R SAFE KEEPING, YOU CAN CHANGE THE"..4./
.".TOP OF BASIC MEMORY, BY POKING A NEW.
......"..4./."'TOP' INTO 55 & 56, SO THE
NEW TOP IS":X$.J(D(X.100),2)..5&/.".SAY
, "X$", GIVING YOU 100 PLACES".=50/.".TO
STORE YOUR NUMBERS.".N5:/.".HOW TO STOR
E THEM? .POKE. THEM INTO RAM!"..5D/."..1
0 FORI=0TO99:POKE"X$".+I,A(I):NEXT":.630
00..5H2."........9......."..5R2.".EVERY
JIFFY (60 TIMES/SECOND) I"..6.2.".STOP W
HAT I'M DOING AND UPDATE THE".;6.2.".JIF
FY CLOCK,AND..AMONG OTHER THINGS..".C6.2
.".CHECK TO SEE IF YOU PRESSED THE".}6.2
."..RUN/STOP. KEY..."..6.3."...AND, IF S
O, THEN I WILL STOP!.........."..6.3.".I
DO THESE THINGS (60 TIMES/SECOND)"..7.3
.".BY JUMPING TO A MAGIC MEMORY LOCATION
."..7"3.63000.>7,3.".THIS MAGIC LOCATION
IS STORED IN".B763.".MEMORY LOCATIONS 7
88 & 789."..7@3.".I JUMP TO .PEEK(788)+2
56*PEEK(789)".D7J3."..HOLD ON..I'LL TELL
YOU WHERE I JUMP...":.63000..7T3.".....
..IT'S TO";..8^3A9.7.4096.15.256.14.16.1
0:ML.B(A9).256.B(A9.1):."."ML.>8H3.".AT
LOCATION"ML" ARE INSTRUCTIONS".D8R3.".WH
ICH CHECK FOR .STOP., ETC.."..8|3.".YOU
CAN BYPASS THE 'CHECK FOR STOP'"..8.3.".
BY HAVING ME JUMP TO ."ML.3".!!"..8.3.".
..SIMPLY .POKE788,PEEK(788)+3"..9.3.".IN
A PROGRAM AND .STOP. WILL BE IGNORED!".
.9.3.63000.H9.3."..BUT REMEMBER TO .POKE
788,PEEK(788)-3".G9.3.".LATER IN THE PRO
GRAM.."..9B3."..CARE (DARE) TO TRY IT??"
..9L3.".REMEMBER:"..9V3."..POKE788,PEEK(
788)+3".Z9.3.".THEN WRITE A PROGRAM LIKE
:"..9.3.".10 FORI=1TO10000:NEXT"..:.3.".
AND TRY TO STOP IT."..:X4.".EVENTUALLY..
TYPE:".K:B4."..POKE788,PEEK(788)-3".K:L4
."...COME TO THINK OF IT.."..:V4.".TRY I
T .AFTER. YOU'VE ENDED .TUTOR.!":.63000.
.:.6."..THE SYS COMMAND"..:.6.".I DON'T
UNDERSTAND 'BASIC'."..;D6.".I UNDERSTAND
'MACHINE LANGUAGE'.".3;N6.".HOWEVER I H
AVE A BUILT-IN INTERPRETER".Q;X6.".WHO U
NDERSTANDS BOTH!".{;.6.".HE TRANSLATES Y
OUR BASIC COMMANDS"..;.6.".INTO MACHINE
LANGUAGE COMMANDS FOR ME.".W;.6.".THIS '
BASIC INTERPRETER' IS A SET OF"..<.7.".M
ACHINE LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONS WHICH".(<.7
.".RESIDE IN MEMORY FROM 40960.".?<.7.".
THAT IS: $A000".J<.7.63000.T<(7.".MACHIN
E LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONS ARE"..<27.".NUMB
ERS FROM 0 TO 255..AND EACH MEANS"..<<7.
".SOMETHING SPECIAL."..<F7.".FOR EXAMPLE
THE SEQUENCE OF NUMBERS:"..=P7."..169.
.170. .141. .0. .4.".9=Z7.".SAYS TO PUT
AN ASTERISK IN THE UPPER".\=D7.".LEFT CO
RNER OF THE SCREEN."..=N7."..HERE ARE SO
ME 'INSTRUCTIONS' TAKEN FROM".L=X7."THE
INTERPRETER 'HIMSELF' (HERSELF?):":.6300
0:."......."..=.7.I.0.15:.B(40960.I);:.J
.1.100:.:...=.7.63000.+> 7.".OK...IF YOU
CAN TALK MACHINE LANGUAGE".U>.7.".THEN
YOU CAN PUT YOUR M-L PROGRAM".Z>.7.".INT
O MEMORY STARTING AT SOME"..>.7.".LOCATI
ON, SAY 20000, THEN .SYS 20000".K>H7.".W
ILL SEND ME THERE TO OBEY."..>R7.".YOU M
IGHT STICK YOUR PROGRAM UP AT THE".#?.7.
".'TOP OF BASIC RAM' SOMEWHERE AND".M?.7
.".PROTECT IT FROM BEING OVERWRITTEN".|?
.7.".BY CHANGING 'TOP' (AT 55/56 REMEMBE
R?)"..?.7.63000..?.8."...".E?.8."10 FORI
=25000TO25024:READK:POKEI,K:NEXT:END"..@
.8."20 DATA 162,4,160,4,132,177,160,0,13
2,176,177,176,73,128".?@"8."30 DATA 145,
176,200,208,247,230,177,202,208,242,96".
L@#8."RUN10".^@$8."..SYS25000"..@'8."...
HERE'S A M-L PROGRAM YOU CAN TRY"..@,8."
..ENTER THESE, THEN .RUN10., THEN .SYS25
000"..@68."..(THEN .TYPE @. TO CONTINUE)
"..@@8."...":SN$."15000":.63300.)A.:.600
00:.".":MS$." .SLICK EH?.":.63100.SA.:."
.ONE M-L INSTRUCTION WHICH IS NICE".OA.:
.".IS ZERO (I MEAN 0).". A.:.".THIS INST
RUCTION TELLS ME TO JUMP TO THE".JA.:.".
'.M.ACHINE .L.ANGUAGE .M.ONITOR'."..AJ:.
".(I LIKE THE .MLM. SO MUCH I SOMETIMES"
..BT:.".JUMP THERE ON MY OWN!)".FB.:.".T
O GET OUT OF THE MLM JUST TYPE AN 'X'".H
B.:.".AND HIT THE 'RETURN' KEY.".SB.:.63
000..B.:.".THE 'STANDARD' C64 DOESN'T HA
VE A .MLM..".WB.:.".YOU CAN USE JIM BUTT
ERFIELD'S...":.".JUST:"..C.:.".LOAD"G(34
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SYS50000":.".X AND .RETURN..":.63000.ZC.
:.".LET'S TRY JUMPING TO THE MLM."..C.:.
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C.;.".. REMEMBER HOW TO GET OUT! ".PC.;.
".. TYPE 'X' THEN HIT 'RETURN' "..D.;.".
...THEN .@. TO CONTINUE..":SN$."16000":.
63600.#D.;.63001:SN$."16000":.63600.4D$;
.2048:.63000.LD.>.60000:.".OK..IF YOU...
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SYS.."..D.>.".ONE GOOD PLACE IS 2048. IT
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RY .SYS2048.. (REMEMBER 'X' TO EXIT)"..E
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17000":.63300.PEHB.60000:.".ONCE IN THE
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NG DONE YOUR .SYS2048. I'LL GIVE.".\F.B.
"B*".ZF.B." PC SR AC XR YR SP..F.B.
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NOW IF YOU TYPE :".PFBB."...M A000 A00F"
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=G.B.".; 0801 32 04 5E 00 F8.PG.B.".M A
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L DISPLAY MEMORY"..G.C.".FROM A000 TO A0
0F (THAT'S HEXADECIMAL!)"..G.C.".TRY IT!
(REMEMBER 'X' TO EXIT MLM)":."..THEN .T
YPE @."..H.CSN$."18000":.63300.=HPF.6000
0:."....................................
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HNF.".THEY'RE FROM 'THE INTERPRETER'."..
IXF.".I LAST GAVE THEM TO YOU IN 'DECIMA
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".DURING THE TUTORIAL YOU MAY WISH".CIZ.
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.".JUST .HIT THE @-KEY., AT ANY TIME,"..
J|..".AND THE TUTORIAL WILL BACK UP".+J}
..".A PAGE OR TWO.".TJ~..".ALSO, YOU HAV
E AN OPPORTUNITY TO".WJ..".COMPOSE YOUR
OWN PROGRAMS."..J...".WHEN YOU WISH TO
CONTINUE WITH".LJ...".THE TUTORIAL, .HIT
THE @-KEY.!":.63000..J..MS$.".@._REMEMB
ER":.63100..J...63000:...K`..204,1:. INI
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"..MF..B(789)..7.16.15..(7.4096.15.256.1
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7.4096.15.256.15.16.QMJ...IMK..I.M.M.15:
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. 144,127,0,0,144,127,0,0..MN.M.6.4096:.
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76,128,164,76,174,167,162,16,189,239.UO.
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OR IRQ SWAP..PC...WPD..*SWITCH TO NEW WO
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00:. NEW THE WORKSPACE..QG..63403.7Q...*
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. SWAP POINTERS..Q...204,2:...Q...*RESTO
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> CLICK IMAGE PREVIEW FOR FULL MODAL