00000000: 66 6F 72 6D 75 6C 61 73 0D 0D 75 53 45 20 54 48 |formulas..uSE TH|
00000010: 45 20 66 6F 72 6D 75 6C 61 20 43 4F 4D 4D 41 4E |E formula COMMAN|
00000020: 44 20 28 C3 3D 20 66 29 0D 54 4F 20 45 4E 54 45 |D (.= f).TO ENTE|
00000030: 52 20 41 20 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C 41 20 4F 52 20 45 |R A FORMULA OR E|
00000040: 51 55 41 54 49 4F 4E 0D 57 48 49 43 48 20 43 41 |QUATION.WHICH CA|
00000050: 4E 20 52 45 46 45 52 20 54 4F 20 4F 54 48 45 52 |N REFER TO OTHER|
00000060: 20 43 45 4C 4C 53 0D 49 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 50 | CELLS.IN THE SP|
00000070: 52 45 41 44 53 48 45 45 54 2E 20 65 56 45 52 59 |READSHEET. eVERY|
00000080: 20 43 45 4C 4C 0D 48 41 53 20 41 20 55 4E 49 51 | CELL.HAS A UNIQ|
00000090: 55 45 20 4E 41 4D 45 2E 20 20 52 31 43 31 2C 20 |UE NAME. R1C1, |
000000A0: 46 4F 52 0D 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 2C 20 52 45 46 |FOR.EXAMPLE, REF|
000000B0: 45 52 53 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 43 45 4C 4C 20 |ERS TO THE CELL |
000000C0: 49 4E 0D 52 4F 57 20 31 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 |IN.ROW 1 COLUMN |
000000D0: 31 2E 20 20 52 35 30 43 31 20 52 45 46 45 52 53 |1. R50C1 REFERS|
000000E0: 20 54 4F 0D 54 48 45 20 43 45 4C 4C 20 49 4E 20 | TO.THE CELL IN |
000000F0: 52 4F 57 20 35 30 2C 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 31 |ROW 50, COLUMN 1|
00000100: 2E 0D 0D 70 55 54 20 41 20 46 4F 52 4D 55 4C 41 |...pUT A FORMULA|
00000110: 20 54 4F 47 45 54 48 45 52 20 55 53 49 4E 47 0D | TOGETHER USING.|
00000120: 54 48 45 53 45 20 43 45 4C 4C 20 52 45 46 45 52 |THESE CELL REFER|
00000130: 45 4E 43 45 53 2C 20 41 4C 4F 4E 47 0D 57 49 54 |ENCES, ALONG.WIT|
00000140: 48 20 53 54 41 4E 44 41 52 44 20 4D 41 54 48 45 |H STANDARD MATHE|
00000150: 4D 41 54 49 43 41 4C 20 0D 53 59 4D 42 4F 4C 53 |MATICAL .SYMBOLS|
00000160: 20 28 2B 20 2D 20 2A 20 2F 20 5E 29 20 4F 52 20 | (+ - * / ^) OR |
00000170: 41 4E 59 20 4F 46 0D 54 48 45 20 4D 41 54 48 20 |ANY OF.THE MATH |
00000180: 46 55 4E 43 54 49 4F 4E 53 20 41 56 41 49 4C 41 |FUNCTIONS AVAILA|
00000190: 42 4C 45 20 49 4E 0D 62 61 73 69 63 2C 20 49 2E |BLE IN.basic, I.|
000001A0: 45 2E 20 73 71 72 28 29 2C 20 65 78 70 28 29 2C |E. sqr(), exp(),|
000001B0: 20 61 62 73 28 29 2C 0D CC CF C7 28 29 2C 20 D3 | abs(),....(), .|
000001C0: C9 CE 28 29 2C 20 C3 CF D3 28 29 2C 20 45 54 43 |..(), ...(), ETC|
000001D0: 2E 0D 79 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 55 53 45 20 50 41 |..yOU CAN USE PA|
000001E0: 52 45 4E 54 48 45 53 45 53 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 |RENTHESES IN THE|
000001F0: 0D 55 53 55 41 4C 20 57 41 59 20 54 4F 20 43 4F |.USUAL WAY TO CO|
00000200: 4E 54 52 4F 4C 20 54 48 45 20 4F 52 44 45 52 0D |NTROL THE ORDER.|
00000210: 4F 46 20 43 41 4C 43 55 4C 41 54 49 4F 4E 2E 20 |OF CALCULATION. |
00000220: 66 4F 52 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 2C 0D 31 2B 32 |fOR EXAMPLE,.1+2|
00000230: 2A 33 20 49 53 20 37 2E 20 42 55 54 20 28 31 2B |*3 IS 7. BUT (1+|
00000240: 32 29 2A 33 20 49 53 20 39 2E 0D 0D 69 46 20 49 |2)*3 IS 9...iF I|
00000250: 4E 20 41 20 43 45 4C 4C 20 52 45 46 45 52 45 4E |N A CELL REFEREN|
00000260: 43 45 20 59 4F 55 20 55 53 45 20 41 0D 43 4F 4C |CE YOU USE A.COL|
00000270: 4F 4E 20 28 3A 29 20 54 4F 20 44 45 53 49 47 4E |ON (:) TO DESIGN|
00000280: 41 54 45 20 41 20 52 41 4E 47 45 2C 0D 54 48 45 |ATE A RANGE,.THE|
00000290: 4E 20 54 48 45 20 53 55 4D 20 4F 46 20 41 4C 4C |N THE SUM OF ALL|
000002A0: 20 54 48 45 20 43 45 4C 4C 53 20 49 4E 0D 54 48 | THE CELLS IN.TH|
000002B0: 41 54 20 52 41 4E 47 45 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 |AT RANGE WILL BE|
000002C0: 20 43 41 4C 43 55 4C 41 54 45 44 2E 0D 74 48 55 | CALCULATED..tHU|
000002D0: 53 2C 20 54 48 45 20 52 41 4E 47 45 20 52 31 3A |S, THE RANGE R1:|
000002E0: 35 43 31 3A 35 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 0D 54 48 45 20 |5C1:5 MEANS.THE |
000002F0: 53 55 4D 20 4F 46 20 41 4C 4C 20 54 48 45 20 43 |SUM OF ALL THE C|
00000300: 45 4C 4C 53 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 0D 42 4C 4F 43 |ELLS IN THE.BLOC|
00000310: 4B 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 52 31 43 31 20 54 4F 20 52 |K FROM R1C1 TO R|
00000320: 35 43 35 2E 0D 0D 61 4E 20 52 20 4F 52 20 43 20 |5C5...aN R OR C |
00000330: 57 49 54 48 20 4E 4F 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 0D 52 |WITH NO NUMBER.R|
00000340: 45 46 45 52 45 4E 43 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 |EFERENCE FOLLOWI|
00000350: 4E 47 20 49 54 20 4D 45 41 4E 53 20 54 48 45 0D |NG IT MEANS THE.|
00000360: 52 4F 57 20 4F 52 20 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D |ROW OR THE COLUM|
00000370: 4E 20 57 48 45 52 45 20 54 48 45 20 43 45 4C 4C |N WHERE THE CELL|
00000380: 0D 50 4F 49 4E 54 45 52 20 49 53 2E 20 62 59 20 |.POINTER IS. bY |
00000390: 50 55 54 54 49 4E 47 20 52 45 46 45 52 45 4E 43 |PUTTING REFERENC|
000003A0: 45 0D 46 4F 4C 4C 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 49 54 20 4D |E.FOLLOWING IT M|
000003B0: 45 41 4E 53 20 54 48 45 20 52 4F 57 20 4F 52 20 |EANS THE ROW OR |
000003C0: 0D 54 48 45 20 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 20 57 48 45 52 |.THE COLUMN WHER|
000003D0: 45 20 54 48 45 20 43 45 4C 4C 0D 50 4F 49 4E 54 |E THE CELL.POINT|
000003E0: 45 52 20 49 53 2E 20 62 59 20 50 55 54 54 49 4E |ER IS. bY PUTTIN|
000003F0: 47 20 52 45 46 45 52 45 4E 43 45 0D 4E 55 4D 42 |G REFERENCE.NUMB|
00000400: 45 52 53 20 49 4E 20 53 51 55 41 52 45 20 42 52 |ERS IN SQUARE BR|
00000410: 41 43 4B 45 54 53 2C 20 45 2E 47 2E 0D 52 5B 31 |ACKETS, E.G..R[1|
00000420: 5D 3A 5B 35 5D 43 5B 2D 31 5D 3A 5B 2D 35 5D 2C |]:[5]C[-1]:[-5],|
00000430: 20 54 48 45 59 20 57 49 4C 4C 20 42 45 0D 43 41 | THEY WILL BE.CA|
00000440: 4C 43 55 4C 41 54 45 44 20 41 53 20 4F 46 46 53 |LCULATED AS OFFS|
00000450: 45 54 53 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 54 48 45 0D 45 4E 54 |ETS FROM THE.ENT|
00000460: 52 59 20 43 45 4C 4C 2E 20 73 45 45 20 68 45 4C |RY CELL. sEE hEL|
00000470: 50 20 74 4F 50 49 43 20 37 0D 28 61 42 53 4F 4C |P tOPIC 7.(aBSOL|
00000480: 55 54 45 20 26 20 72 45 4C 41 54 49 56 45 29 20 |UTE & rELATIVE) |
00000490: 46 4F 52 20 4D 4F 52 45 0D 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 |FOR MORE.INFORMA|
000004A0: 54 49 4F 4E 2E 0D 0D 72 65 63 61 6C 63 2C 20 6F |TION...recalc, o|
000004B0: 6E 2F 6F 66 66 0D 0D 79 4F 55 20 43 41 4E 20 54 |n/off..yOU CAN T|
000004C0: 55 52 4E 20 54 48 45 20 41 55 54 4F 4D 41 54 49 |URN THE AUTOMATI|
000004D0: 43 0D 52 45 43 41 4C 43 55 4C 41 54 49 4F 4E 20 |C.RECALCULATION |
000004E0: 4F 46 46 20 41 54 20 41 4E 59 20 54 49 4D 45 20 |OFF AT ANY TIME |
000004F0: 42 59 0D 50 52 45 53 53 49 4E 47 20 C6 38 20 28 |BY.PRESSING .8 (|
00000500: 63 41 4C 43 20 6F 4E 2F 6F 46 46 29 2E 20 20 74 |cALC oN/oFF). t|
00000510: 48 49 53 0D 49 53 20 55 53 45 46 55 4C 20 49 46 |HIS.IS USEFUL IF|
00000520: 20 59 4F 55 52 20 53 48 45 45 54 20 49 53 20 4C | YOUR SHEET IS L|
00000530: 41 52 47 45 0D 41 4E 44 20 55 50 44 41 54 45 53 |ARGE.AND UPDATES|
00000540: 20 53 4C 4F 57 4C 59 2E 20 70 52 45 53 53 20 C6 | SLOWLY. pRESS .|
00000550: 37 20 54 4F 0D 52 45 43 41 4C 43 55 4C 41 54 45 |7 TO.RECALCULATE|
00000560: 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 54 49 52 45 20 53 48 45 45 | THE ENTIRE SHEE|
00000570: 54 0D 28 41 55 54 4F 20 52 45 43 41 4C 43 20 53 |T.(AUTO RECALC S|
00000580: 54 49 4C 4C 20 52 45 4D 41 49 4E 53 20 4F 46 46 |TILL REMAINS OFF|
00000590: 29 2C 0D 4F 52 20 55 53 45 20 C6 38 20 54 4F 20 |),.OR USE .8 TO |
000005A0: 54 55 52 4E 20 41 55 54 4F 20 52 45 43 41 4C 43 |TURN AUTO RECALC|
000005B0: 0D 42 41 43 4B 20 4F 4E 2E 0D |.BACK ON.. |
FORMULAS..USE THE FORMULA COMMAND (C= F)
.TO ENTER A FORMULA OR EQUATION.WHICH CA
N REFER TO OTHER CELLS.IN THE SPREADSHEE
T. EVERY CELL.HAS A UNIQUE NAME. R1C1,
FOR.EXAMPLE, REFERS TO THE CELL IN.ROW 1
COLUMN 1. R50C1 REFERS TO.THE CELL IN
ROW 50, COLUMN 1...PUT A FORMULA TOGETHE
R USING.THESE CELL REFERENCES, ALONG.WIT
H STANDARD MATHEMATICAL .SYMBOLS (+ - *
/ ^) OR ANY OF.THE MATH FUNCTIONS AVAILA
BLE IN.BASIC, I.E. SQR(), EXP(), ABS(),.
LOG(), SIN(), COS(), ETC..YOU CAN USE PA
RENTHESES IN THE.USUAL WAY TO CONTROL TH
E ORDER.OF CALCULATION. FOR EXAMPLE,.1+2
*3 IS 7. BUT (1+2)*3 IS 9...IF IN A CELL
REFERENCE YOU USE A.COLON (:) TO DESIGN
ATE A RANGE,.THEN THE SUM OF ALL THE CEL
LS IN.THAT RANGE WILL BE CALCULATED..THU
S, THE RANGE R1:5C1:5 MEANS.THE SUM OF A
LL THE CELLS IN THE.BLOCK FROM R1C1 TO R
5C5...AN R OR C WITH NO NUMBER.REFERENCE
FOLLOWING IT MEANS THE.ROW OR THE COLUM
N WHERE THE CELL.POINTER IS. BY PUTTING
REFERENCE.FOLLOWING IT MEANS THE ROW OR
.THE COLUMN WHERE THE CELL.POINTER IS. B
Y PUTTING REFERENCE.NUMBERS IN SQUARE BR
ACKETS, E.G..R[1]:[5]C[-1]:[-5], THEY WI
LL BE.CALCULATED AS OFFSETS FROM THE.ENT
RY CELL. SEE HELP TOPIC 7.(ABSOLUTE & RE
LATIVE) FOR MORE.INFORMATION...RECALC, O
N/OFF..YOU CAN TURN THE AUTOMATIC.RECALC
ULATION OFF AT ANY TIME BY.PRESSING F8 (
CALC ON/OFF). THIS.IS USEFUL IF YOUR SH
EET IS LARGE.AND UPDATES SLOWLY. PRESS F
7 TO.RECALCULATE THE ENTIRE SHEET.(AUTO
RECALC STILL REMAINS OFF),.OR USE F8 TO
TURN AUTO RECALC.BACK ON..
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