T.BASICS
FILE INFORMATION
FILENAME(S): T.BASICS
FILE TYPE(S): PRG
FILE SIZE: 5.8K
FIRST SEEN: 2025-11-30 18:12:23
APPEARS ON: 1 disk(s)
FILE HASH
f8d3d4d7357cd261a97a62c942e3d614db7f1e363c9f37b7b9bce71a489eb44e
FOUND ON DISKS (1 DISKS)
| DISK TITLE | FILENAME | FILE TYPE | COLLECTION | TRACK | SECTOR | ACTIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOADSTAR 51 S 1 | T.BASICS | PRG | Sailor, Ganheden | 12 | 1 | DOWNLOAD FILE |
FILE CONTENT & ANALYSIS
00000000: 00 80 5E 55 3A 5A 45 52 4F 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 |..^U:ZERO.. | 00000010: 20 20 20 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 D3 3A 20 D7 C8 C5 D2 | ......: ....| 00000020: C5 20 D4 CF 20 D3 D4 C1 D2 D4 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 |. .. ....... | 00000030: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 59 20 C6 45 4E 44 45 | BY .ENDE| 00000040: 52 20 D4 55 43 4B 45 52 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C9 4E |R .UCKER.. .N| 00000050: 20 54 48 45 20 CA 55 4E 45 20 49 53 53 55 45 20 | THE .UNE ISSUE | 00000060: 4F 46 20 C3 4F 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 0D CD 41 47 |OF .OMMODORE..AG| 00000070: 41 5A 49 4E 45 20 54 48 45 52 45 20 49 53 20 41 |AZINE THERE IS A| 00000080: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 43 41 4C 4C 45 44 0D | PROGRAM CALLED.| 00000090: D4 D7 CF 20 D0 CF D4 C1 D4 CF 2E 20 20 C9 4E 20 |... ....... .N | 000000A0: 54 48 45 20 41 52 54 49 43 4C 45 20 54 48 41 54 |THE ARTICLE THAT| 000000B0: 0D 41 43 43 4F 4D 50 41 4E 49 45 53 20 54 48 45 |.ACCOMPANIES THE| 000000C0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2C 20 54 48 45 20 41 55 | PROGRAM, THE AU| 000000D0: 54 48 4F 52 2C 0D CD 41 52 4B 20 CA 4F 52 44 41 |THOR,..ARK .ORDA| 000000E0: 4E 2C 20 54 45 4C 4C 53 20 48 4F 57 20 48 45 20 |N, TELLS HOW HE | 000000F0: 43 4F 4D 45 53 20 55 50 0D 57 49 54 48 20 49 44 |COMES UP.WITH ID| 00000100: 45 41 53 20 46 4F 52 20 48 49 53 20 50 52 4F 47 |EAS FOR HIS PROG| 00000110: 52 41 4D 53 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 0D 41 52 54 49 43 |RAMS. .HE.ARTIC| 00000120: 4C 45 20 49 53 20 57 45 4C 4C 2D 57 52 49 54 54 |LE IS WELL-WRITT| 00000130: 45 4E 20 41 4E 44 0D 49 4E 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 49 |EN AND.INFORMATI| 00000140: 56 45 20 41 4E 44 20 C9 20 52 45 43 4F 4D 4D 45 |VE AND . RECOMME| 00000150: 4E 44 20 49 54 20 54 4F 20 41 4C 4C 0D 41 53 50 |ND IT TO ALL.ASP| 00000160: 49 52 49 4E 47 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 20 50 52 4F 47 |IRING ..... PROG| 00000170: 52 41 4D 4D 45 52 53 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 C2 55 |RAMMERS... .U| 00000180: 54 20 57 48 41 54 20 48 41 50 50 45 4E 53 20 C1 |T WHAT HAPPENS .| 00000190: C6 D4 C5 D2 20 59 4F 55 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 0D |.... YOU HAVE A.| 000001A0: 47 52 45 41 54 20 49 44 45 41 20 46 4F 52 20 41 |GREAT IDEA FOR A| 000001B0: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 3F 20 20 D7 48 45 52 45 | PROGRAM? .HERE| 000001C0: 20 49 53 0D 54 48 45 20 42 45 53 54 20 50 4C 41 | IS.THE BEST PLA| 000001D0: 43 45 20 54 4F 20 53 54 41 52 54 20 54 48 45 20 |CE TO START THE | 000001E0: 41 43 54 55 41 4C 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 |ACTUAL.PROGRAMMI| 000001F0: 4E 47 3F 0D 20 20 20 20 D4 48 45 20 46 4F 4C 4C |NG?. .HE FOLL| 00000200: 4F 57 49 4E 47 20 49 53 20 41 20 53 4D 41 4C 4C |OWING IS A SMALL| 00000210: 0D 27 53 4B 45 4C 45 54 4F 4E 27 20 54 48 41 54 |.'SKELETON' THAT| 00000220: 20 C9 20 4F 46 54 45 4E 20 55 53 45 20 54 4F 20 | . OFTEN USE TO | 00000230: 42 45 47 49 4E 0D 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E |BEGIN.A PROGRAM.| 00000240: 20 20 C9 20 D3 C1 D6 C5 44 20 49 54 20 41 53 20 | . ....D IT AS | 00000250: 41 20 46 49 4C 45 20 57 48 45 4E 0D C9 20 4E 4F |A FILE WHEN.. NO| 00000260: 54 49 43 45 44 20 54 48 41 54 20 C9 20 55 53 45 |TICED THAT . USE| 00000270: 44 20 53 4F 4D 45 54 48 49 4E 47 20 4C 49 4B 45 |D SOMETHING LIKE| 00000280: 0D 49 54 20 46 4F 52 20 41 4C 4C 20 4F 46 20 4D |.IT FOR ALL OF M| 00000290: 59 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 2E 20 20 CE 4F 57 |Y PROGRAMS. .OW| 000002A0: 20 C9 0D 4A 55 53 54 20 CC CF C1 C4 20 49 54 20 | ..JUST .... IT | 000002B0: 41 4E 44 20 53 54 41 52 54 20 57 4F 52 4B 49 4E |AND START WORKIN| 000002C0: 47 20 46 52 4F 4D 0D 54 48 45 52 45 2E 20 20 D2 |G FROM.THERE. .| 000002D0: 45 4D 45 4D 42 45 52 2C 20 54 48 49 53 20 49 53 |EMEMBER, THIS IS| 000002E0: 20 4D 59 20 53 59 53 54 45 4D 0D 41 4E 44 20 49 | MY SYSTEM.AND I| 000002F0: 54 20 46 49 54 53 20 4D 59 20 4E 45 45 44 53 20 |T FITS MY NEEDS | 00000300: 2D 2D 20 59 4F 55 20 4D 41 59 20 48 41 56 45 0D |-- YOU MAY HAVE.| 00000310: 41 20 44 49 46 46 45 52 45 4E 54 20 53 54 59 4C |A DIFFERENT STYL| 00000320: 45 20 43 4F 4D 50 4C 45 54 45 4C 59 2E 0D C8 4F |E COMPLETELY...O| 00000330: 57 45 56 45 52 2C 20 49 46 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 |WEVER, IF YOU AR| 00000340: 45 20 4E 45 57 20 54 4F 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 0D 50 |E NEW TO ......P| 00000350: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 20 41 4E 44 20 44 |ROGRAMMING AND D| 00000360: 4F 4E 27 54 20 48 41 56 45 20 41 20 53 54 59 4C |ON'T HAVE A STYL| 00000370: 45 20 4F 46 0D 59 4F 55 52 20 4F 57 4E 20 59 45 |E OF.YOUR OWN YE| 00000380: 54 2C 20 41 4C 4C 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 4C 49 |T, ALL OF THE LI| 00000390: 4E 45 53 20 49 4E 20 4D 59 0D 27 53 4B 45 4C 45 |NES IN MY.'SKELE| 000003A0: 54 4F 4E 27 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 48 41 56 |TON' PROGRAM HAV| 000003B0: 45 20 41 20 47 4F 4F 44 20 52 45 41 53 4F 4E 0D |E A GOOD REASON.| 000003C0: 46 4F 52 20 42 45 49 4E 47 20 54 48 45 52 45 2E |FOR BEING THERE.| 000003D0: 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 D3 4F 20 48 45 52 45 2C 20 49 |.. .O HERE, I| 000003E0: 4E 20 41 4C 4C 20 49 54 53 20 52 41 44 49 41 4E |N ALL ITS RADIAN| 000003F0: 54 0D 53 50 4C 45 4E 44 4F 52 2C 20 49 53 20 4D |T.SPLENDOR, IS M| 00000400: 59 20 41 4C 4C 2D 50 55 52 50 4F 53 45 0D 27 53 |Y ALL-PURPOSE.'S| 00000410: 4B 45 4C 45 54 4F 4E 27 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D |KELETON' PROGRAM| 00000420: 2E 0D 0D 31 20 49 46 41 3D 30 54 48 45 4E 50 4F |...1 IFA=0THENPO| 00000430: 4B 45 35 32 2C 34 38 3A 50 4F 4B 45 35 36 2C 34 |KE52,48:POKE56,4| 00000440: 38 3A 43 4C 52 0D 32 20 50 4F 4B 45 35 33 32 38 |8:CLR.2 POKE5328| 00000450: 31 2C 2E 3A 50 4F 4B 45 35 33 32 38 30 2C 2E 3A |1,.:POKE53280,.:| 00000460: 50 52 49 4E 54 22 5B 43 4C 52 2F 0D 20 20 20 48 |PRINT"[CLR/. H| 00000470: 4F 4D 45 5D 5B 43 59 41 4E 5D 22 43 48 52 24 28 |OME][CYAN]"CHR$(| 00000480: 31 34 29 0D 33 20 50 52 49 4E 54 22 CC 4F 41 44 |14).3 PRINT".OAD| 00000490: 49 4E 47 2C 20 50 4C 45 41 53 45 20 57 41 49 54 |ING, PLEASE WAIT| 000004A0: 2E 2E 2E 22 0D 34 20 41 3D 41 2B 31 3A 4F 4E 20 |...".4 A=A+1:ON | 000004B0: 41 20 47 4F 54 4F 20 35 2C 36 2C 37 2C 31 30 30 |A GOTO 5,6,7,100| 000004C0: 0D 35 20 4C 4F 41 44 22 46 4F 4E 54 20 44 41 54 |.5 LOAD"FONT DAT| 000004D0: 41 22 2C 38 2C 31 0D 36 20 4C 4F 41 44 22 53 50 |A",8,1.6 LOAD"SP| 000004E0: 52 49 54 45 20 44 41 54 41 22 2C 38 2C 31 0D 37 |RITE DATA",8,1.7| 000004F0: 20 4C 4F 41 44 22 4D 4C 20 52 4F 55 54 49 4E 45 | LOAD"ML ROUTINE| 00000500: 53 22 2C 38 2C 31 0D 31 30 30 20 50 52 49 4E 54 |S",8,1.100 PRINT| 00000510: 22 5B 43 4C 52 2F 48 4F 4D 45 5D 22 0D 31 31 30 |"[CLR/HOME]".110| 00000520: 20 50 4F 4B 45 35 33 32 37 32 2C 33 31 0D 31 32 | POKE53272,31.12| 00000530: 30 20 46 4F 52 49 3D 30 54 4F 32 3A 50 4F 4B 45 |0 FORI=0TO2:POKE| 00000540: 32 30 34 30 2B 49 2C 31 33 2B 49 3A 4E 45 58 54 |2040+I,13+I:NEXT| 00000550: 0D 31 33 30 20 43 3D 35 34 32 37 32 3A 56 43 3D |.130 C=54272:VC=| 00000560: 35 33 32 34 38 3A 53 43 3D 31 30 32 34 3A 5A 3D |53248:SC=1024:Z=| 00000570: 34 30 0D 32 30 30 20 2E 2E 2E 59 4F 55 52 20 4D |40.200 ...YOUR M| 00000580: 41 53 54 45 52 50 49 45 43 45 20 53 54 41 52 54 |ASTERPIECE START| 00000590: 53 20 48 45 52 45 2E 2E 2E 0D 0D CC 49 4E 45 20 |S HERE......INE | 000005A0: 31 20 4C 4F 57 45 52 53 20 54 48 45 20 54 4F 50 |1 LOWERS THE TOP| 000005B0: 20 4F 46 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 | OF ......PROGRA| 000005C0: 4D 20 41 52 45 41 20 54 4F 20 24 33 38 30 30 20 |M AREA TO $3800 | 000005D0: 28 31 34 33 33 36 29 20 53 4F 20 54 48 41 54 0D |(14336) SO THAT.| 000005E0: 59 4F 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 57 4F 4E |YOUR PROGRAM WON| 000005F0: 27 54 20 4F 56 45 52 57 52 49 54 45 20 54 48 45 |'T OVERWRITE THE| 00000600: 20 46 4F 4E 54 0D 44 41 54 41 20 54 48 41 54 20 | FONT.DATA THAT | 00000610: 57 49 4C 4C 20 4D 4F 53 54 20 50 52 4F 42 41 42 |WILL MOST PROBAB| 00000620: 4C 59 20 52 45 53 49 44 45 0D 49 4E 20 54 48 45 |LY RESIDE.IN THE| 00000630: 20 41 52 45 41 20 24 33 38 30 30 20 54 4F 20 24 | AREA $3800 TO $| 00000640: 34 30 30 30 2E 0D CC 49 4E 45 20 32 20 47 49 56 |4000...INE 2 GIV| 00000650: 45 53 20 59 4F 55 20 41 20 42 4C 41 43 4B 20 53 |ES YOU A BLACK S| 00000660: 43 52 45 45 4E 20 41 4E 44 0D 42 4F 52 44 45 52 |CREEN AND.BORDER| 00000670: 2C 20 43 4C 45 41 52 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 |, CLEARS THE SCR| 00000680: 45 45 4E 2C 20 4D 41 4B 45 53 20 54 48 45 0D 43 |EEN, MAKES THE.C| 00000690: 55 52 53 4F 52 20 43 4F 4C 4F 52 20 43 59 41 4E |URSOR COLOR CYAN| 000006A0: 2C 20 41 4E 44 20 50 55 54 53 20 59 4F 55 20 49 |, AND PUTS YOU I| 000006B0: 4E 0D 54 48 45 20 55 50 50 45 52 2F 4C 4F 57 45 |N.THE UPPER/LOWE| 000006C0: 52 2D 43 41 53 45 20 4D 4F 44 45 2E 20 20 D0 52 |R-CASE MODE. .R| 000006D0: 49 4E 54 49 4E 47 0D 43 48 52 24 28 38 29 2C 20 |INTING.CHR$(8), | 000006E0: 4F 52 20 C3 D4 D2 CC 2D 48 20 49 4E 53 49 44 45 |OR ....-H INSIDE| 000006F0: 20 4F 46 20 51 55 4F 54 45 53 2C 0D 57 49 4C 4C | OF QUOTES,.WILL| 00000700: 20 4C 4F 43 4B 20 54 48 45 20 43 41 53 45 20 42 | LOCK THE CASE B| 00000710: 55 54 20 C9 20 44 4F 4E 27 54 0D 52 45 43 4F 4D |UT . DON'T.RECOM| 00000720: 4D 45 4E 44 20 44 4F 49 4E 47 20 54 48 49 53 20 |MEND DOING THIS | 00000730: 55 4E 54 49 4C 20 54 48 45 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 |UNTIL THE.PROGRA| 00000740: 4D 20 49 53 20 41 4C 4D 4F 53 54 20 46 49 4E 49 |M IS ALMOST FINI| 00000750: 53 48 45 44 2E 20 20 D9 4F 55 0D 4D 49 47 48 54 |SHED. .OU.MIGHT| 00000760: 20 57 41 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 43 48 41 4E 47 45 20 | WANT TO CHANGE | 00000770: 43 41 53 45 20 46 4F 52 20 53 4F 4D 45 0D 52 45 |CASE FOR SOME.RE| 00000780: 41 53 4F 4E 2E 0D 0D CC 49 4E 45 20 33 20 49 53 |ASON....INE 3 IS| 00000790: 20 41 20 46 52 49 45 4E 44 4C 59 20 46 45 41 54 | A FRIENDLY FEAT| 000007A0: 55 52 45 20 54 48 41 54 0D 4C 45 54 53 20 54 48 |URE THAT.LETS TH| 000007B0: 45 20 55 53 45 52 20 4B 4E 4F 57 20 54 48 41 54 |E USER KNOW THAT| 000007C0: 20 53 4F 4D 45 54 48 49 4E 47 20 28 41 0D 44 52 | SOMETHING (A.DR| 000007D0: 49 56 45 20 41 43 43 45 53 53 29 20 49 53 20 48 |IVE ACCESS) IS H| 000007E0: 41 50 50 45 4E 49 4E 47 2E 0D 0D CC 49 4E 45 20 |APPENING....INE | 000007F0: 34 20 49 4E 43 52 45 4D 45 4E 54 53 20 54 48 45 |4 INCREMENTS THE| 00000800: 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 27 41 27 0D 45 41 | VARIABLE 'A'.EA| 00000810: 43 48 20 54 49 4D 45 20 41 20 46 49 4C 45 20 49 |CH TIME A FILE I| 00000820: 53 20 CC CF C1 C4 45 44 20 41 4E 44 20 53 45 4E |S ....ED AND SEN| 00000830: 44 53 0D 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 46 |DS.THE PROGRAM F| 00000840: 4C 4F 57 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 52 49 47 48 54 |LOW TO THE RIGHT| 00000850: 20 4C 49 4E 45 2E 0D 0D D2 45 4D 45 4D 42 45 52 | LINE....EMEMBER| 00000860: 2C 20 41 20 CC CF C1 C4 20 46 52 4F 4D 20 57 49 |, A .... FROM WI| 00000870: 54 48 49 4E 20 41 20 C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 0D 50 52 4F |THIN A ......PRO| 00000880: 47 52 41 4D 20 53 45 4E 44 53 20 54 48 45 20 50 |GRAM SENDS THE P| 00000890: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 43 4F 55 4E 54 45 52 0D 42 |ROGRAM COUNTER.B| 000008A0: 41 43 4B 20 54 4F 20 30 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 45 |ACK TO 0 AFTER E| 000008B0: 56 45 52 59 20 CC CF C1 C4 2E 20 20 CC 49 4E 45 |VERY ..... .INE| 000008C0: 20 34 0D 41 4C 4C 4F 57 53 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 | 4.ALLOWS FOR TH| 000008D0: 49 53 20 41 4E 44 20 CC CF C1 C4 53 20 54 48 45 |IS AND ....S THE| 000008E0: 20 54 48 52 45 45 0D 44 41 54 41 20 46 49 4C 45 | THREE.DATA FILE| 000008F0: 53 20 54 48 45 4E 20 53 45 4E 44 53 20 54 48 45 |S THEN SENDS THE| 00000900: 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 0D 46 4C 4F 57 20 54 4F | PROGRAM.FLOW TO| 00000910: 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 31 30 30 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 59 | LINE 100. .F Y| 00000920: 4F 55 20 48 41 56 45 20 4D 4F 52 45 0D 54 48 41 |OU HAVE MORE.THA| 00000930: 4E 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 44 41 54 41 20 4F 52 20 |N THREE DATA OR | 00000940: CD CC 20 46 49 4C 45 53 20 54 4F 20 CC CF C1 C4 |.. FILES TO ....| 00000950: 0D 4A 55 53 54 20 41 44 44 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 4C |.JUST ADD MORE L| 00000960: 49 4E 45 53 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 4C 49 4E 45 20 35 |INES LIKE LINE 5| 00000970: 20 41 4E 44 0D 41 44 44 20 54 48 45 4D 20 54 4F | AND.ADD THEM TO| 00000980: 20 54 48 45 20 45 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 | THE END OF THE | 00000990: CF CE 2D C7 CF D4 CF 0D 53 54 41 54 45 4D 45 4E |..-.....STATEMEN| 000009A0: 54 20 28 52 49 47 48 54 20 42 45 46 4F 52 45 20 |T (RIGHT BEFORE | 000009B0: 54 48 45 20 31 30 30 29 2E 0D 0D CC 49 4E 45 53 |THE 100)....INES| 000009C0: 20 35 2C 20 36 20 41 4E 44 20 37 20 50 45 52 46 | 5, 6 AND 7 PERF| 000009D0: 4F 52 4D 20 54 48 45 20 CC CF C1 C4 49 4E 47 0D |ORM THE ....ING.| 000009E0: 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 44 41 54 41 20 46 49 4C 45 |OF THE DATA FILE| 000009F0: 53 2E 0D 0D CC 49 4E 45 20 31 30 30 20 43 4C 45 |S....INE 100 CLE| 00000A00: 41 52 53 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2E 0D |ARS THE SCREEN..| 00000A10: 0D CC 49 4E 45 20 31 31 30 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 53 |..INE 110 POINTS| 00000A20: 20 54 4F 20 59 4F 55 52 20 4E 45 57 20 43 48 41 | TO YOUR NEW CHA| 00000A30: 52 41 43 54 45 52 0D 53 45 54 2E 20 20 D0 CF CB |RACTER.SET. ...| 00000A40: C5 35 33 32 37 32 2C 32 31 20 52 45 53 54 4F 52 |.53272,21 RESTOR| 00000A50: 45 53 20 54 48 45 0D 4E 4F 52 4D 41 4C 20 C3 4F |ES THE.NORMAL .O| 00000A60: 4D 4D 4F 44 4F 52 45 20 46 4F 4E 54 2E 0D CC 49 |MMODORE FONT...I| 00000A70: 4E 45 20 31 32 30 20 53 45 54 53 20 54 48 45 20 |NE 120 SETS THE | 00000A80: 53 50 52 49 54 45 20 44 41 54 41 0D 50 4F 49 4E |SPRITE DATA.POIN| 00000A90: 54 45 52 53 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 |TERS. .F YOU AR| 00000AA0: 45 20 55 53 49 4E 47 20 54 48 52 45 45 20 4F 52 |E USING THREE OR| 00000AB0: 0D 4C 45 53 53 20 53 50 52 49 54 45 53 2C 20 54 |.LESS SPRITES, T| 00000AC0: 48 45 20 43 41 53 53 45 54 45 20 42 55 46 46 45 |HE CASSETE BUFFE| 00000AD0: 52 20 49 53 20 41 0D 47 4F 4F 44 20 50 4C 41 43 |R IS A.GOOD PLAC| 00000AE0: 45 20 54 4F 20 50 55 54 20 54 48 45 4D 2E 20 20 |E TO PUT THEM. | 00000AF0: D3 50 52 49 54 45 53 20 31 33 2C 0D 31 34 20 41 |.PRITES 13,.14 A| 00000B00: 4E 44 20 31 35 20 46 49 54 20 49 4E 20 54 48 45 |ND 15 FIT IN THE| 00000B10: 52 45 20 4E 49 43 45 4C 59 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 0D |RE NICELY. .HE.| 00000B20: 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 46 4F 52 20 41 20 53 50 |ADDRESS FOR A SP| 00000B30: 52 49 54 45 20 43 41 4E 20 42 45 20 46 4F 55 4E |RITE CAN BE FOUN| 00000B40: 44 20 42 59 0D 4D 55 4C 54 49 50 4C 59 49 4E 47 |D BY.MULTIPLYING| 00000B50: 20 54 48 45 20 53 50 52 49 54 45 20 50 4F 49 4E | THE SPRITE POIN| 00000B60: 54 45 52 20 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 0D 28 31 33 29 20 |TER NUMBER.(13) | 00000B70: 42 59 20 36 34 20 47 49 56 49 4E 47 20 59 4F 55 |BY 64 GIVING YOU| 00000B80: 20 38 33 32 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 0D 57 41 | 832. .F YOU.WA| 00000B90: 4E 54 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 46 4F 55 52 20 4F |NT TO USE FOUR O| 00000BA0: 52 20 4D 4F 52 45 20 53 50 52 49 54 45 53 2C 20 |R MORE SPRITES, | 00000BB0: 59 4F 55 0D 43 41 4E 20 4C 4F 57 45 52 20 C2 C1 |YOU.CAN LOWER ..| 00000BC0: D3 C9 C3 20 41 20 4C 49 54 54 4C 45 20 4D 4F 52 |... A LITTLE MOR| 00000BD0: 45 20 42 59 0D D0 CF CB C5 49 4E 47 20 35 32 20 |E BY.....ING 52 | 00000BE0: 41 4E 44 20 35 36 20 57 49 54 48 2C 20 53 41 59 |AND 56 WITH, SAY| 00000BF0: 2C 20 34 36 20 41 4E 44 0D 55 53 45 20 53 50 52 |, 46 AND.USE SPR| 00000C00: 49 54 45 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 45 52 53 20 32 31 36 |ITE POINTERS 216| 00000C10: 20 54 48 52 4F 55 47 48 20 32 32 35 2E 0D 0D CC | THROUGH 225....| 00000C20: 49 4E 45 20 31 33 30 20 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 49 |INE 130 INITIALI| 00000C30: 5A 45 53 20 53 4F 4D 45 20 56 41 52 49 41 42 4C |ZES SOME VARIABL| 00000C40: 45 53 0D 54 48 41 54 20 C9 20 46 49 4E 44 20 C9 |ES.THAT . FIND .| 00000C50: 20 55 53 45 20 49 4E 20 4A 55 53 54 20 41 42 4F | USE IN JUST ABO| 00000C60: 55 54 20 45 56 45 52 59 0D 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D |UT EVERY.PROGRAM| 00000C70: 2E 20 20 C3 20 49 53 20 45 51 55 41 4C 20 54 4F |. . IS EQUAL TO| 00000C80: 20 35 34 32 37 32 2C 20 54 48 45 0D 42 45 47 49 | 54272, THE.BEGI| 00000C90: 4E 4E 49 4E 47 20 4F 46 20 54 48 45 20 D3 C9 C4 |NNING OF THE ...| 00000CA0: 20 52 45 47 49 53 54 45 52 53 2E 20 20 C3 2B 32 | REGISTERS. .+2| 00000CB0: 34 0D 49 53 20 54 48 45 20 56 4F 4C 55 4D 45 20 |4.IS THE VOLUME | 00000CC0: 52 45 47 49 53 54 45 52 2C 20 46 4F 52 20 45 58 |REGISTER, FOR EX| 00000CD0: 41 4D 50 4C 45 2E 0D 0D 35 34 32 37 32 20 49 53 |AMPLE...54272 IS| 00000CE0: 20 41 4C 53 4F 20 54 48 45 20 27 4F 46 46 53 45 | ALSO THE 'OFFSE| 00000CF0: 54 27 20 42 45 54 57 45 45 4E 0D 53 43 52 45 45 |T' BETWEEN.SCREE| 00000D00: 4E 20 41 4E 44 20 43 4F 4C 4F 52 20 4D 45 4D 4F |N AND COLOR MEMO| 00000D10: 52 59 2E 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 D0 CF CB C5 |RY. .F YOU ....| 00000D20: 0D 41 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 54 4F 20 |.A CHARACTER TO | 00000D30: 54 48 45 20 4D 49 44 44 4C 45 20 4F 46 20 54 48 |THE MIDDLE OF TH| 00000D40: 45 0D 53 43 52 45 45 4E 2C 20 53 41 59 2C 20 31 |E.SCREEN, SAY, 1| 00000D50: 35 32 34 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 57 4F 4E 27 54 20 42 |524, YOU WON'T B| 00000D60: 45 20 41 42 4C 45 0D 54 4F 20 53 45 45 20 54 48 |E ABLE.TO SEE TH| 00000D70: 45 20 43 48 41 52 41 43 54 45 52 20 55 4E 54 49 |E CHARACTER UNTI| 00000D80: 4C 20 59 4F 55 20 D0 CF CB C5 0D 54 48 45 20 43 |L YOU .....THE C| 00000D90: 4F 52 52 45 53 50 4F 4E 44 49 4E 47 20 43 4F 4C |ORRESPONDING COL| 00000DA0: 4F 52 20 4D 45 4D 4F 52 59 2C 20 57 48 49 43 48 |OR MEMORY, WHICH| 00000DB0: 0D 49 53 20 31 35 32 34 2B 43 2E 0D 0D D7 48 45 |.IS 1524+C....HE| 00000DC0: 4E 20 59 4F 55 20 55 53 45 20 53 50 52 49 54 45 |N YOU USE SPRITE| 00000DD0: 53 20 46 4F 52 20 41 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 0D |S FOR A PROGRAM.| 00000DE0: 59 4F 55 27 4C 4C 20 42 45 20 44 4F 49 4E 47 20 |YOU'LL BE DOING | 00000DF0: 41 20 4C 4F 54 20 4F 46 20 D0 CF CB C5 49 4E 47 |A LOT OF ....ING| 00000E00: 20 54 4F 0D 54 48 45 20 D6 C9 C3 20 52 45 47 49 | TO.THE ... REGI| 00000E10: 53 54 45 52 53 2E 20 20 D4 48 45 20 54 45 52 4D |STERS. .HE TERM| 00000E20: 20 56 43 2B 32 31 20 49 53 0D 45 41 53 49 45 52 | VC+21 IS.EASIER| 00000E30: 20 54 4F 20 52 45 4D 45 4D 42 45 52 20 54 48 41 | TO REMEMBER THA| 00000E40: 4E 20 35 33 32 36 39 2C 20 49 53 4E 27 54 0D 49 |N 53269, ISN'T.I| 00000E50: 54 3F 20 20 D4 48 45 52 45 46 4F 52 45 2C 20 56 |T? .HEREFORE, V| 00000E60: 43 20 3D 20 35 33 32 34 38 2E 0D 0D C9 20 4C 49 |C = 53248.... LI| 00000E70: 4B 45 20 54 4F 20 55 53 45 20 54 48 45 20 56 41 |KE TO USE THE VA| 00000E80: 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 27 53 43 27 20 41 53 0D 31 |RIABLE 'SC' AS.1| 00000E90: 30 32 34 2C 20 54 48 45 20 42 45 47 49 4E 4E 49 |024, THE BEGINNI| 00000EA0: 4E 47 20 4F 46 20 53 43 52 45 45 4E 20 4D 45 4D |NG OF SCREEN MEM| 00000EB0: 4F 52 59 2E 0D C9 4E 53 54 45 41 44 20 4F 46 20 |ORY...NSTEAD OF | 00000EC0: 57 4F 52 4B 49 4E 47 20 57 49 54 48 20 46 4F 55 |WORKING WITH FOU| 00000ED0: 52 20 44 49 47 49 54 0D 4E 55 4D 42 45 52 53 20 |R DIGIT.NUMBERS | 00000EE0: 46 52 4F 4D 20 31 30 32 34 20 54 4F 20 32 30 32 |FROM 1024 TO 202| 00000EF0: 33 20 46 4F 52 20 54 48 45 0D 53 43 52 45 45 4E |3 FOR THE.SCREEN| 00000F00: 2C 20 C9 20 43 41 4E 20 55 53 45 20 53 43 2B 30 |, . CAN USE SC+0| 00000F10: 20 54 4F 20 53 43 2B 39 39 39 2E 0D D3 49 4E 43 | TO SC+999...INC| 00000F20: 45 20 54 48 45 20 C3 36 34 20 48 41 53 20 41 20 |E THE .64 HAS A | 00000F30: 46 4F 52 54 59 2D 43 4F 4C 55 4D 4E 0D 53 43 52 |FORTY-COLUMN.SCR| 00000F40: 45 45 4E 2C 20 54 4F 20 4D 4F 56 45 20 55 50 20 |EEN, TO MOVE UP | 00000F50: 4F 52 20 44 4F 57 4E 20 4F 4E 45 20 53 51 55 41 |OR DOWN ONE SQUA| 00000F60: 52 45 0D 59 4F 55 20 4D 55 53 54 20 4D 4F 56 45 |RE.YOU MUST MOVE| 00000F70: 20 55 50 20 4F 52 20 44 4F 57 4E 20 34 30 20 53 | UP OR DOWN 40 S| 00000F80: 43 52 45 45 4E 0D 4C 4F 43 41 54 49 4F 4E 53 2E |CREEN.LOCATIONS.| 00000F90: 20 20 C9 46 20 59 4F 55 20 55 53 45 20 41 20 56 | .F YOU USE A V| 00000FA0: 41 52 49 41 42 4C 45 20 46 4F 52 0D 34 30 20 49 |ARIABLE FOR.40 I| 00000FB0: 54 20 4D 41 4B 45 53 20 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 |T MAKES THE PROG| 00000FC0: 52 41 4D 20 52 55 4E 20 46 41 53 54 45 52 2C 0D |RAM RUN FASTER,.| 00000FD0: 53 4F 4D 45 54 48 49 4E 47 20 59 4F 55 27 4C 4C |SOMETHING YOU'LL| 00000FE0: 20 42 45 20 43 4F 4E 43 45 52 4E 45 44 20 57 49 | BE CONCERNED WI| 00000FF0: 54 48 20 49 46 0D 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 20 D0 CF |TH IF.YOU ARE ..| 00001000: CB C5 49 4E 47 20 54 4F 20 54 48 45 20 53 43 52 |..ING TO THE SCR| 00001010: 45 45 4E 20 56 45 52 59 0D 4D 55 43 48 2E 0D 0D |EEN VERY.MUCH...| 00001020: 20 20 20 20 D9 4F 55 20 4D 41 59 20 48 41 56 45 | .OU MAY HAVE| 00001030: 20 57 4F 4E 44 45 52 45 44 20 57 48 59 20 C9 0D | WONDERED WHY ..| 00001040: 53 4B 49 50 50 45 44 20 55 50 20 54 4F 20 4C 49 |SKIPPED UP TO LI| 00001050: 4E 45 20 31 30 30 20 41 46 54 45 52 20 CC CF C1 |NE 100 AFTER ...| 00001060: C4 49 4E 47 0D 54 48 45 20 44 41 54 41 20 46 49 |.ING.THE DATA FI| 00001070: 4C 45 53 2E 20 20 C9 20 4C 49 4B 45 20 54 4F 20 |LES. . 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SEE| 000014A0: 0D 41 4E 44 20 45 58 41 4D 49 4E 45 20 44 4F 5A |.AND EXAMINE DOZ| 000014B0: 45 4E 53 20 4F 46 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 53 20 |ENS OF PROGRAMS | 000014C0: 41 4E 44 0D C9 27 56 45 20 43 4F 4D 45 20 54 4F |AND..'VE COME TO| 000014D0: 20 41 50 50 52 45 43 49 41 54 45 20 54 48 45 20 | APPRECIATE THE | 000014E0: 56 41 52 49 45 54 59 0D 4F 46 20 53 54 59 4C 45 |VARIETY.OF STYLE| 000014F0: 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 C3 36 34 20 50 52 4F 47 52 |S THAT .64 PROGR| 00001500: 41 4D 4D 45 52 53 20 48 41 56 45 0D 41 44 4F 50 |AMMERS HAVE.ADOP| 00001510: 54 45 44 20 4F 52 20 45 56 4F 4C 56 45 44 2E 20 |TED OR EVOLVED. | 00001520: 20 CD 59 20 27 53 4B 45 4C 45 54 4F 4E 27 20 49 | .Y 'SKELETON' I| 00001530: 53 0D 53 49 4D 50 4C 59 20 4F 4E 45 20 4D 41 4E |S.SIMPLY ONE MAN| 00001540: 27 53 20 53 54 59 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 49 53 4E |'S STYLE AND ISN| 00001550: 27 54 0D 4E 45 43 45 53 53 41 52 49 4C 59 20 54 |'T.NECESSARILY T| 00001560: 48 45 20 42 45 53 54 20 4F 4E 45 2E 20 20 C9 46 |HE BEST ONE. .F| 00001570: 20 59 4F 55 20 41 52 45 0D 4E 45 57 20 54 4F 20 | YOU ARE.NEW TO | 00001580: 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 2C 20 54 48 4F |PROGRAMMING, THO| 00001590: 55 47 48 2C 20 59 4F 55 20 43 4F 55 4C 44 0D 53 |UGH, YOU COULD.S| 000015A0: 41 56 45 20 59 4F 55 52 53 45 4C 46 20 41 20 4C |AVE YOURSELF A L| 000015B0: 4F 54 20 4F 46 20 52 45 57 52 49 54 49 4E 47 20 |OT OF REWRITING | 000015C0: 42 59 0D 41 44 4F 50 54 49 4E 47 20 41 20 52 45 |BY.ADOPTING A RE| 000015D0: 41 53 4F 4E 41 42 4C 45 20 41 4E 44 20 57 4F 52 |ASONABLE AND WOR| 000015E0: 4B 41 42 4C 45 0D 4F 55 54 4C 49 4E 45 20 46 4F |KABLE.OUTLINE FO| 000015F0: 52 20 59 4F 55 52 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 0D |R YOUR PROGRAM..| 00001600: 20 20 20 20 CD 59 20 46 49 4E 41 4C 20 57 4F 52 | .Y FINAL WOR| 00001610: 44 20 4F 4E 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 4D 49 4E 47 |D ON PROGRAMMING| 00001620: 0D 53 54 59 4C 45 20 49 53 20 54 48 41 54 20 48 |.STYLE IS THAT H| 00001630: 4F 57 20 59 4F 55 20 42 45 47 49 4E 20 49 53 20 |OW YOU BEGIN IS | 00001640: 4C 45 53 53 0D 49 4D 50 4F 52 54 41 4E 54 20 54 |LESS.IMPORTANT T| 00001650: 48 41 4E 20 48 4F 57 20 59 4F 55 20 45 4E 44 2E |HAN HOW YOU END.| 00001660: 20 20 C2 45 4C 49 45 56 45 0D 4D 45 2C 20 49 54 | .ELIEVE.ME, IT| 00001670: 27 53 20 48 41 52 44 20 54 4F 20 44 45 43 49 44 |'S HARD TO DECID| 00001680: 45 20 48 4F 57 20 54 4F 20 45 4E 44 20 41 0D 50 |E HOW TO END A.P| 00001690: 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 2E 20 20 CD 4F 52 45 20 54 4F |ROGRAM. .ORE TO| 000016A0: 20 54 48 45 20 50 4F 49 4E 54 20 49 53 20 54 48 | THE POINT IS TH| 000016B0: 45 0D 51 55 45 53 54 49 4F 4E 2C 20 22 C9 53 20 |E.QUESTION, ".S | 000016C0: 54 48 45 20 50 52 4F 47 52 41 4D 20 46 49 4E 41 |THE PROGRAM FINA| 000016D0: 4C 4C 59 0D 44 4F 4E 45 3F 22 20 20 D7 49 54 48 |LLY.DONE?" .ITH| 000016E0: 20 41 4E 59 20 4C 55 43 4B 2C 20 54 48 49 53 20 | ANY LUCK, THIS | 000016F0: 53 54 49 43 4B 59 0D 51 55 45 52 59 20 57 49 4C |STICKY.QUERY WIL| 00001700: 4C 20 42 45 20 41 4E 53 57 45 52 45 44 20 49 4E |L BE ANSWERED IN| 00001710: 20 41 20 4C 41 54 45 52 0D C2 C1 D3 C9 C3 D3 20 | A LATER....... | 00001720: 41 52 54 49 43 4C 45 2E 0D 0D 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ARTICLE... | 00001730: 20 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 20 C5 4E 44 20 4F 46 20 D4 45 | **** .ND OF .E| 00001740: 58 54 20 2A 2A 2A 2A 0D |XT ****. |
..^U:ZERO.. BASICS: WHERE TO STA RT.. BY FENDER TUCKER.. IN THE JUNE ISSUE OF COMMODORE.MAGAZINE TH ERE IS A PROGRAM CALLED.TWO POTATO. IN THE ARTICLE THAT.ACCOMPANIES THE PROGRAM , THE AUTHOR,.MARK JORDAN, TELLS HOW HE COMES UP.WITH IDEAS FOR HIS PROGRAMS. T HE.ARTICLE IS WELL-WRITTEN AND.INFORMATI VE AND I RECOMMEND IT TO ALL.ASPIRING BA SIC PROGRAMMERS... BUT WHAT HAPPENS A FTER YOU HAVE A.GREAT IDEA FOR A PROGRAM ? WHERE IS.THE BEST PLACE TO START THE ACTUAL.PROGRAMMING?. THE FOLLOWING IS A SMALL.'SKELETON' THAT I OFTEN USE TO BEGIN.A PROGRAM. I SAVED IT AS A FILE W HEN.I NOTICED THAT I USED SOMETHING LIKE .IT FOR ALL OF MY PROGRAMS. NOW I.JUST LOAD IT AND START WORKING FROM.THERE. R EMEMBER, THIS IS MY SYSTEM.AND IT FITS M Y NEEDS -- YOU MAY HAVE.A DIFFERENT STYL E COMPLETELY..HOWEVER, IF YOU ARE NEW TO BASIC.PROGRAMMING AND DON'T HAVE A STYL E OF.YOUR OWN YET, ALL OF THE LINES IN M Y.'SKELETON' PROGRAM HAVE A GOOD REASON. FOR BEING THERE... SO HERE, IN ALL IT S RADIANT.SPLENDOR, IS MY ALL-PURPOSE.'S KELETON' PROGRAM...1 IFA=0THENPOKE52,48: POKE56,48:CLR.2 POKE53281,.:POKE53280,.: PRINT"[CLR/. HOME][CYAN]"CHR$(14).3 PR INT"LOADING, PLEASE WAIT...".4 A=A+1:ON A GOTO 5,6,7,100.5 LOAD"FONT DATA",8,1.6 LOAD"SPRITE DATA",8,1.7 LOAD"ML ROUTINE S",8,1.100 PRINT"[CLR/HOME]".110 POKE532 72,31.120 FORI=0TO2:POKE2040+I,13+I:NEXT .130 C=54272:VC=53248:SC=1024:Z=40.200 . ..YOUR MASTERPIECE STARTS HERE.....LINE 1 LOWERS THE TOP OF BASIC.PROGRAM AREA T O $3800 (14336) SO THAT.YOUR PROGRAM WON 'T OVERWRITE THE FONT.DATA THAT WILL MOS T PROBABLY RESIDE.IN THE AREA $3800 TO $ 4000..LINE 2 GIVES YOU A BLACK SCREEN AN D.BORDER, CLEARS THE SCREEN, MAKES THE.C URSOR COLOR CYAN, AND PUTS YOU IN.THE UP PER/LOWER-CASE MODE. PRINTING.CHR$(8), OR CTRL-H INSIDE OF QUOTES,.WILL LOCK TH E CASE BUT I DON'T.RECOMMEND DOING THIS UNTIL THE.PROGRAM IS ALMOST FINISHED. Y OU.MIGHT WANT TO CHANGE CASE FOR SOME.RE ASON...LINE 3 IS A FRIENDLY FEATURE THAT .LETS THE USER KNOW THAT SOMETHING (A.DR IVE ACCESS) IS HAPPENING...LINE 4 INCREM ENTS THE VARIABLE 'A'.EACH TIME A FILE I S LOADED AND SENDS.THE PROGRAM FLOW TO T HE RIGHT LINE...REMEMBER, A LOAD FROM WI THIN A BASIC.PROGRAM SENDS THE PROGRAM C OUNTER.BACK TO 0 AFTER EVERY LOAD. LINE 4.ALLOWS FOR THIS AND LOADS THE THREE.D ATA FILES THEN SENDS THE PROGRAM.FLOW TO LINE 100. IF YOU HAVE MORE.THAN THREE DATA OR ML FILES TO LOAD.JUST ADD MORE L INES LIKE LINE 5 AND.ADD THEM TO THE END OF THE ON-GOTO.STATEMENT (RIGHT BEFORE THE 100)...LINES 5, 6 AND 7 PERFORM THE LOADING.OF THE DATA FILES...LINE 100 CLE ARS THE SCREEN...LINE 110 POINTS TO YOUR NEW CHARACTER.SET. POKE53272,21 RESTOR ES THE.NORMAL COMMODORE FONT..LINE 120 S ETS THE SPRITE DATA.POINTERS. IF YOU AR E USING THREE OR.LESS SPRITES, THE CASSE TE BUFFER IS A.GOOD PLACE TO PUT THEM. SPRITES 13,.14 AND 15 FIT IN THERE NICEL Y. THE.ADDRESS FOR A SPRITE CAN BE FOUN D BY.MULTIPLYING THE SPRITE POINTER NUMB ER.(13) BY 64 GIVING YOU 832. IF YOU.WA NT TO USE FOUR OR MORE SPRITES, YOU.CAN LOWER BASIC A LITTLE MORE BY.POKEING 52 AND 56 WITH, SAY, 46 AND.USE SPRITE POIN TERS 216 THROUGH 225...LINE 130 INITIALI ZES SOME VARIABLES.THAT I FIND I USE IN JUST ABOUT EVERY.PROGRAM. C IS EQUAL TO 54272, THE.BEGINNING OF THE SID REGISTE RS. C+24.IS THE VOLUME REGISTER, FOR EX AMPLE...54272 IS ALSO THE 'OFFSET' BETWE EN.SCREEN AND COLOR MEMORY. IF YOU POKE .A CHARACTER TO THE MIDDLE OF THE.SCREEN , SAY, 1524, YOU WON'T BE ABLE.TO SEE TH E CHARACTER UNTIL YOU POKE.THE CORRESPON DING COLOR MEMORY, WHICH.IS 1524+C...WHE N YOU USE SPRITES FOR A PROGRAM.YOU'LL B E DOING A LOT OF POKEING TO.THE VIC REGI STERS. THE TERM VC+21 IS.EASIER TO REME MBER THAN 53269, ISN'T.IT? THEREFORE, V C = 53248...I LIKE TO USE THE VARIABLE ' SC' AS.1024, THE BEGINNING OF SCREEN MEM ORY..INSTEAD OF WORKING WITH FOUR DIGIT. NUMBERS FROM 1024 TO 2023 FOR THE.SCREEN , I CAN USE SC+0 TO SC+999..SINCE THE C6 4 HAS A FORTY-COLUMN.SCREEN, TO MOVE UP OR DOWN ONE SQUARE.YOU MUST MOVE UP OR D OWN 40 SCREEN.LOCATIONS. IF YOU USE A V ARIABLE FOR.40 IT MAKES THE PROGRAM RUN FASTER,.SOMETHING YOU'LL BE CONCERNED WI TH IF.YOU ARE POKEING TO THE SCREEN VERY .MUCH... YOU MAY HAVE WONDERED WHY I. SKIPPED UP TO LINE 100 AFTER LOADING.THE DATA FILES. I LIKE TO PUT MY.MOST-OFTE N-USED SUBROUTINES AT THE.BEGINNING OF A PROGRAM BECAUSE THEY.RUN FASTER THERE. THIS IS STRICTLY A.MATTER OF STYLE, BUT I DON'T USUALLY.RENUMBER A PROGRAM UNLE SS IT'S.ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY... IF I HAVE SUBROUTINES THAT BEGIN.AT 20, 30, 4 0 AND 50 IT'S EASY FOR ME.TO REMEMBER (O R TO LOOK UP) WHAT THEY.DO AND I DON'T H AVE TO REMARK EACH.INSTANCE OF GOSUB... SOME PROGRAMMERS MAY SAY THAT I'M.BEI NG A LITTLE PRESUMPTUOUS WITH MY.LINES T HAT LOAD FONT, SPRITE AND ML.DATA FILES. WHAT IF THE PROGRAM USES.NONE OF THESE ?.. MY ONLY REBUTTAL IS THAT NOW THAT .THE C64 IS IN ITS SIXTH YEAR, WE HAVE.R EACHED A LEVEL OF SOPHISTICATION.THAT AL MOST 'DEMANDS' THAT PROGRAMS.HAVE THESE FEATURES. IF YOUR PROGRAM.HAS NO SPRITE S, CUSTOM CHARACTERS OR.ML ROUTINES, SEN D IT TO A MAGAZINE.. LOADSTAR IS LOOK ING FOR PROGRAMS.THAT LOOK AND FEEL PROF ESSIONAL. 64K.IS PLENTY BIG ENOUGH FOR THIS, AND.YOU, AS A PROGRAMMER, SHOULD T AKE.ADVANTAGE OF THE CAPABILITIES OF THE .8-BIT MICROPROCESSOR AND ITS SUPPORT.CH IPS... IN THE COURSE OF A WEEK, I SEE .AND EXAMINE DOZENS OF PROGRAMS AND.I'VE COME TO APPRECIATE THE VARIETY.OF STYLE S THAT C64 PROGRAMMERS HAVE.ADOPTED OR E VOLVED. MY 'SKELETON' IS.SIMPLY ONE MAN 'S STYLE AND ISN'T.NECESSARILY THE BEST ONE. IF YOU ARE.NEW TO PROGRAMMING, THO UGH, YOU COULD.SAVE YOURSELF A LOT OF RE WRITING BY.ADOPTING A REASONABLE AND WOR KABLE.OUTLINE FOR YOUR PROGRAM.. MY F INAL WORD ON PROGRAMMING.STYLE IS THAT H OW YOU BEGIN IS LESS.IMPORTANT THAN HOW YOU END. BELIEVE.ME, IT'S HARD TO DECID E HOW TO END A.PROGRAM. MORE TO THE POI NT IS THE.QUESTION, "IS THE PROGRAM FINA LLY.DONE?" WITH ANY LUCK, THIS STICKY.Q UERY WILL BE ANSWERED IN A LATER.BASICS ARTICLE... **** END OF TEXT ****.
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